JP5209288B2 - Target tracking guidance apparatus and method - Google Patents

Target tracking guidance apparatus and method Download PDF

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JP5209288B2
JP5209288B2 JP2007322143A JP2007322143A JP5209288B2 JP 5209288 B2 JP5209288 B2 JP 5209288B2 JP 2007322143 A JP2007322143 A JP 2007322143A JP 2007322143 A JP2007322143 A JP 2007322143A JP 5209288 B2 JP5209288 B2 JP 5209288B2
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target
laser beam
polarized light
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tracking guidance
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JP2009144973A (en
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正之 石塚
直浩 田中
卓郎 中島
康志 森田
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IHI Aerospace Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2273—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves
    • F41G7/2293—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/226—Semi-active homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and involving auxiliary illuminating means, e.g. using auxiliary guiding missiles

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  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
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Description

本発明は、偏光特性の影響を受けずに安定した強度のレーザ反射光を検出することができる目標追尾誘導装置及び方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a target tracking guidance apparatus and method that can detect laser reflected light having a stable intensity without being affected by polarization characteristics.

目標追尾誘導装置は、目標に向けてレーザビームを照射すると共に、この目標に向けて飛翔体を飛翔させ、目標で反射されたレーザビームのレーザ反射光を、飛翔体に搭載した近赤外シーカにより検出して目標を捕捉し、飛翔体の飛翔経路を修正して飛翔体を目標に向けて誘導する装置である。   The target tracking guidance device irradiates a laser beam toward the target, causes the flying object to fly toward the target, and uses the near-infrared seeker mounted on the flying object with the laser reflected light of the laser beam reflected by the target. This is a device that detects the target and captures the target, corrects the flight path of the flying object, and guides the flying object toward the target.

かかる目標追尾誘導装置に関連する先行技術として、特許文献１、２が既に開示されている。   Patent documents 1 and 2 have already been disclosed as prior art relating to such a target tracking guidance device.

特許文献１の「目標追尾誘導システム及び目標追尾誘導方法」は、設備の簡素化を図った上で、飛翔体を確実に目標に向けて誘導させることを可能にすることを目的とする。
そのため、この発明では、図２に示すように、飛翔体５０において、目標Ｔに向かって赤外線レーザ照射装置５２から照射されているレーザビームＬＢの後方散乱光を赤外線センサにより検出し、システム制御部により赤外線センサによる検出結果からレーザビームＬＢの軌跡及び方向を求め、このレーザビームＬＢの軌跡及び方向と位置・速度センサにより検出される飛翔体５０の飛翔位置・速度情報とを比較照合して、レーザビームＬＢに対する飛翔体５０の飛翔位置及び飛翔方向を求め、このレーザビームＬＢの軌跡及び方向と飛翔位置及び飛翔方向とのずれに対応する誘導信号を生成して姿勢駆動部に与えることにより、飛翔体５０をレーザビームＬＢに近づけ、飛翔方向とレーザビーム方向とを略一致させるものである。 The “target tracking guidance system and target tracking guidance method” of Patent Document 1 aims to make it possible to reliably guide a flying object toward a target while simplifying the equipment.
Therefore, in this invention, as shown in FIG. 2, in the flying object 50, the back scattered light of the laser beam LB irradiated from the infrared laser irradiation device 52 toward the target T is detected by the infrared sensor, and the system control unit The trajectory and direction of the laser beam LB are obtained from the detection result by the infrared sensor, and the trajectory and direction of the laser beam LB are compared with the flight position / velocity information of the flying object 50 detected by the position / velocity sensor. By determining the flight position and flight direction of the flying object 50 with respect to the laser beam LB, and generating a guidance signal corresponding to the deviation between the locus and direction of the laser beam LB and the flight position and flight direction, The flying object 50 is brought close to the laser beam LB so that the flying direction and the laser beam direction are substantially coincided with each other.

特許文献２の「シーカ角度分解能補正装置」は、目標体のシャープな映像が得られ、目標体の検知能力を向上させることを目的とする。
そのため、図３に示すように、このシーカ角度分解能補正装置は、ビーム指向角に対するビーム幅を小さくするΣ−ｋ＊Δ処理を行なうｋ値及びビーム指向角、遮蔽物の影響で変るエコーパルスの利得を２値化するしきい値レベルを予め取得し、蓄積しておくテーブル、蓄積したｋ値及びしきい値レベルで、Σ−ｋ＊Δ処理を行いビーム幅の広がりを一定にし、２値化により遮蔽物の影響を除去し、ビーム幅をブロッキング状態によらず一定にする補正手段を設けたものである。 The “seeker angle resolution correction device” of Patent Document 2 aims to improve the detection ability of a target object by obtaining a sharp image of the target object.
For this reason, as shown in FIG. 3, this seeker angle resolution correction apparatus performs the Σ-k * Δ processing for reducing the beam width with respect to the beam directivity angle, the k value, the beam directivity angle, and the echo pulse that changes due to the influence of the shield. A threshold level for binarizing the gain is acquired in advance, and a table for storing it, and k-value and threshold level are stored, Σ-k * Δ processing is performed to make the beam width spread constant, and binary The correction means for removing the influence of the shielding object by making the beam width constant regardless of the blocking state is provided.

特開２００２−９００９３号公報、「目標追尾誘導システム及び目標追尾誘導方法」JP 2002-90093 A, “Target Tracking Guidance System and Target Tracking Guidance Method” 特開２００１−５１０５４号公報、「シーカ角度分解能補正装置」Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-51054, “Seeker Angle Resolution Correction Device”

上述した従来の目標追尾誘導装置において、目標に対しレーザビームを照射し、その反射光を飛翔体に搭載される赤外線シーカで検出することにより、目標の反射光を捕捉し、目標方向に向けて飛翔体を誘導させるため、高出力のレーザが必要になる。   In the conventional target tracking guidance device described above, the target reflected light is captured and directed toward the target direction by irradiating the target with a laser beam and detecting the reflected light with an infrared seeker mounted on the flying object. A high-power laser is required to guide the flying object.

しかし、高出力レーザ照射機から照射されるレーザビームの偏光は直線偏光であるため、図４に模式的に示すように、シーカ６６が目標６２の垂直方向に対して、広範囲（広角）で目標を検出する場合、レーザ照射機６３、目標６２、飛翔体６１のなす角θによっては、レーザビーム６４のある偏光方向において、シーカ６６が受光するレーザ反射光６５の強度が大きく低下する場合がある。
そのため、その偏光方向のレーザビーム６４の反射光６５の強度が極端に低下し、シーカの検出精度の悪化、またはこれを補うためのレーザ照射機に出力調整装置等の付加機能が必要となり、装置の寸法・質量増につながり、運搬や設置等の運用を制限してしまう問題点があった。 However, since the polarization of the laser beam emitted from the high-power laser irradiator is linearly polarized light, the seeker 66 has a wide range (wide angle) with respect to the vertical direction of the target 62 as shown schematically in FIG. , The intensity of the laser reflected light 65 received by the seeker 66 may be greatly reduced in the polarization direction of the laser beam 64 depending on the angle θ formed by the laser irradiator 63, the target 62, and the flying object 61. .
Therefore, the intensity of the reflected light 65 of the laser beam 64 in the polarization direction is extremely lowered, the detection accuracy of the seeker is deteriorated, or an additional function such as an output adjustment device is required for the laser irradiator to compensate for this. As a result, there is a problem that the operation such as transportation and installation is restricted.

本発明は、上述した問題点を解決するために創案されたものである。すなわち、本発明の目的は、レーザ照射機、目標、飛翔体のなす角に関係なく、シーカが安定した強度の反射光を検出することができ、これにより、レーザ出力調整装置等を付けることなくシステムが構成でき、レーザ照射機の寸法、質量増を抑えることができ、運搬や設置等の運用上の制限を無くすことができる目標追尾誘導装置及び方法を提供することにある。   The present invention has been developed to solve the above-described problems. In other words, the object of the present invention is to enable the seeker to detect reflected light having a stable intensity irrespective of the angle formed by the laser irradiator, the target, and the flying object, thereby eliminating the need for a laser output adjustment device or the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide a target tracking guidance apparatus and method that can configure a system, can suppress an increase in size and mass of a laser irradiator, and can eliminate operational restrictions such as transportation and installation.

本発明によれば、目標に対しレーザビームを照射するレーザビーム照射装置と、
目標による前記レーザビームの反射光を検出する赤外線シーカを搭載した飛翔体とを備え、
目標に対しレーザビームを照射し、その反射光を前記赤外線シーカで検出して目標を捕捉し、飛翔体を目標方向に向けて誘導する目標追尾誘導装置であって、
前記レーザビーム照射装置の出射口においてレーザビームの偏光を直線偏光から円偏光に変換する偏光変換素子を備え、レーザビームの偏光を直線偏光から円偏光に変換して円偏光のレーザビームを目標に対し照射する、ことを特徴とする目標追尾誘導装置が提供される。 According to the present invention, a laser beam irradiation apparatus for irradiating a target with a laser beam;
A flying object equipped with an infrared seeker for detecting reflected light of the laser beam by a target;
A target tracking guidance device that irradiates a target with a laser beam, detects the reflected light with the infrared seeker, captures the target, and guides the flying object toward the target direction,
A polarization conversion element that converts the polarization of the laser beam from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light is provided at the exit of the laser beam irradiation device, and the circularly polarized laser beam is targeted by converting the polarized light of the laser beam from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light. There is provided a target tracking guidance device characterized by irradiating a target.

本発明の好ましい実施形態によれば、前記偏光変換素子は、４分の１波長遅相子である。   According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polarization conversion element is a quarter-wave retarder.

また本発明によれば、レーザビームを照射するレーザビーム照射装置を備え、
前記レーザビーム照射装置によって目標に対しレーザビームを照射し、
目標による前記レーザビームの反射光を飛翔体に搭載した赤外線シーカで検出して目標を捕捉し、飛翔体を目標方向に向けて誘導する目標追尾誘導方法であって、
前記レーザビーム照射装置の出射口において目標に対し照射するレーザビームの偏光を直線偏光から円偏光に変換して、円偏光のレーザビームを目標に対し照射する、ことを特徴とする目標追尾誘導方法が提供される。 According to the invention, there is provided a laser beam irradiation apparatus for irradiating a laser beam,
Irradiating a target with a laser beam by the laser beam irradiation device ;
A target tracking guidance method for detecting the reflected light of the laser beam by the target with an infrared seeker mounted on the flying object, capturing the target, and guiding the flying object toward the target direction,
A target tracking guidance method comprising: converting the polarization of a laser beam irradiated to a target at the exit of the laser beam irradiation apparatus from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light and irradiating the target with a circularly polarized laser beam Is provided.

上記本発明の装置及び方法によれば、目標に対し照射するレーザビームの偏光を偏光変換素子（例えば、４分の１波長遅相子：λ／４板）により直線偏光から円偏光に変換して照射するので、レーザ照射機、目標、飛翔体のなす角に関係なく、偏光成分による反射光強度の変化量は一定となり、シーカは安定した強度の反射光を検出できる。
これにより、レーザ出力調整装置等を付けることなくシステムが構成され、レーザ照射機の寸法、質量増を抑えることができ、運搬や設置等の運用を制約することはなくなる。 According to the apparatus and method of the present invention, the polarization of the laser beam irradiated to the target is converted from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light by the polarization conversion element (for example, quarter-wave retarder: λ / 4 plate). Irrespective of the angle formed by the laser irradiator, the target, and the flying object, the amount of change in the reflected light intensity due to the polarization component is constant, and the seeker can detect the reflected light with a stable intensity.
As a result, the system is configured without attaching a laser output adjusting device and the like, the increase in size and mass of the laser irradiator can be suppressed, and operations such as transportation and installation are not restricted.

以下、本発明の好ましい実施形態を図面を参照して説明する。なお各図において、共通する部分には同一の符号を付し、重複した説明は省略する。   Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each figure, common portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

図１は、本発明による目標追尾誘導装置の実施形態図である。
この図において、本発明の目標追尾誘導装置１０は、レーザビーム照射装置１２と飛翔体１４からなる。 FIG. 1 is an embodiment diagram of a target tracking guidance device according to the present invention.
In this figure, the target tracking guidance apparatus 10 of the present invention comprises a laser beam irradiation device 12 and a flying object 14.

レーザビーム照射装置１２は、例えばレーザデジグネータであり、目標１に対しレーザビーム３を照射する。
レーザビーム照射装置１２は、図示しないレーダ装置と共に、例えば地上の固定位置、走行車両又は航空機に搭載される。レーダ装置は、レーダにより目標１を捕捉し、その結果に基づき、レーザビーム照射装置１２により、目標１に対しレーザビーム３を照射するようになっている。 The laser beam irradiation device 12 is, for example, a laser designator, and irradiates the target 1 with the laser beam 3.
The laser beam irradiation device 12 is mounted, for example, on a fixed position on the ground, a traveling vehicle, or an aircraft together with a radar device (not shown). The radar apparatus captures the target 1 by the radar, and based on the result, the laser beam irradiation apparatus 12 irradiates the target 1 with the laser beam 3.

飛翔体１４は、目標１によるレーザビーム３の反射光４を検出する赤外線シーカ１６を搭載している。
飛翔体１４は、赤外線シーカ１６の他に、図示しないアンテナ、位置・速度センサ、姿勢駆動装置、等を備え、飛翔体の位置・方向を演算し、飛翔体の位置・方向とレーザビーム３の軌跡及び方向とをほぼ一致させるように姿勢制御するようになっている。 The flying object 14 is equipped with an infrared seeker 16 that detects the reflected light 4 of the laser beam 3 from the target 1.
In addition to the infrared seeker 16, the flying object 14 includes an antenna (not shown), a position / speed sensor, an attitude driving device, and the like, calculates the position / direction of the flying object, and determines the position / direction of the flying object and the laser beam 3. Posture control is performed so that the trajectory and direction are substantially matched.

この構成により図１に示す目標追尾誘導装置１０は、目標１に対しレーザビーム３を照射し、その反射光４を赤外線シーカ１６で検出することにより、目標１を捕捉し、目標方向に向けて飛翔体１４を誘導するようになっている。   With this configuration, the target tracking guidance apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 irradiates the target 1 with the laser beam 3 and detects the reflected light 4 with the infrared seeker 16, thereby capturing the target 1 toward the target direction. The flying object 14 is guided.

本発明の目標追尾誘導装置１０は、さらにレーザビーム照射装置１２の出射口に偏光変換素子１８を備える。
偏光変換素子１８は、好ましくは、４分の１波長遅相子１８（４分の１波長板すなわちλ／４板）であり、直線偏光を円偏光に変換する機能を有する。 The target tracking guidance device 10 of the present invention further includes a polarization conversion element 18 at the exit of the laser beam irradiation device 12.
The polarization conversion element 18 is preferably a quarter-wave retarder 18 (a quarter-wave plate, that is, a λ / 4 plate), and has a function of converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.

高出力レーザ照射機であるレーザビーム照射装置１２から照射されるレーザビーム２の偏光は直線偏光である。このレーザビーム２の偏光は４分の１波長遅相子１８（λ／４板）により、直線偏光から円偏光に変換される。
従って、レーザビーム照射装置１２から照射されるレーザビーム２の偏光を直線偏光から円偏光に変換して円偏光のレーザビーム３を目標１に対し照射することができる。 The polarization of the laser beam 2 irradiated from the laser beam irradiation device 12 which is a high-power laser irradiation machine is linearly polarized light. The polarization of the laser beam 2 is converted from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light by a quarter-wave retarder 18 (λ / 4 plate).
Therefore, the target 1 can be irradiated with the circularly polarized laser beam 3 by converting the polarization of the laser beam 2 irradiated from the laser beam irradiation device 12 from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light.

上述した装置を用い、本発明の目標追尾誘導方法では、目標１に対しレーザビーム３を照射し、
目標１によるレーザビーム３の反射光４を飛翔体１４に搭載した赤外線シーカ１６で検出することにより、目標１を捕捉し、目標方向に向けて飛翔体１４を誘導する。
また、目標１に対し照射するレーザビーム２の偏光を直線偏光から円偏光に変換して、円偏光のレーザビーム３を目標に対し照射する。 In the target tracking guidance method of the present invention using the above-described apparatus, the target 1 is irradiated with the laser beam 3,
The reflected light 4 of the laser beam 3 from the target 1 is detected by an infrared seeker 16 mounted on the flying object 14, thereby capturing the target 1 and guiding the flying object 14 toward the target direction.
Further, the polarization of the laser beam 2 irradiated to the target 1 is converted from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized laser beam 3 is irradiated to the target.

上述した本発明の装置及び方法によれば、目標１に対し照射するレーザビーム３の偏光を偏光変換素子１８（λ／４板）により直線偏光から円偏光に変換して照射するので、レーザ照射機（レーザビーム照射装置１２）、目標１、飛翔体１４のなす角θに関係なく、偏光成分による反射光強度の変化量は一定となり、シーカは安定した強度の反射光を検出できる。
これにより、レーザ出力調整装置等を付けることなくシステムが構成され、レーザ照射機の寸法、質量増を抑えることができ、運搬や設置等の運用を制約することはなくなる。 According to the apparatus and method of the present invention described above, since the polarized light of the laser beam 3 irradiated to the target 1 is converted from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light by the polarization conversion element 18 (λ / 4 plate), the laser irradiation is performed. Regardless of the angle θ between the machine (laser beam irradiation device 12), the target 1, and the flying object 14, the amount of change in the reflected light intensity due to the polarization component is constant, and the seeker can detect reflected light with a stable intensity.
As a result, the system is configured without attaching a laser output adjusting device and the like, the increase in size and mass of the laser irradiator can be suppressed, and operations such as transportation and installation are not restricted.

なお、本発明は上述した実施の形態に限定されず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更できることは勿論である。   It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.

本発明による目標追尾誘導装置の実施形態図である。It is an embodiment figure of the target tracking guidance device by the present invention. 特許文献１の目標追尾誘導装置の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the target tracking guidance apparatus of patent document 1. 特許文献２の「シーカ角度分解能補正装置」の模式図である。10 is a schematic diagram of a “seeker angle resolution correction device” in Patent Document 2. FIG. 従来の目標追尾誘導装置の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the conventional target tracking guidance apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 目標、２ レーザビーム（直線偏光）、
３ レーザビーム（円偏光）、４ 反射光、
１０ 目標追尾誘導装置、１２ レーザビーム照射装置、
１４ 飛翔体、１６ 赤外線シーカ、
１８ 偏光変換素子（４分の１波長遅相子、λ／４板） 1 target, 2 laser beam (linear polarization),
3 Laser beam (circularly polarized light), 4 reflected light,
10 target tracking guidance device, 12 laser beam irradiation device,
14 projectiles, 16 infrared seekers,
18 Polarization conversion element (quarter wavelength retarder, λ / 4 plate)

Claims (3)

目標に対しレーザビームを照射するレーザビーム照射装置と、
目標による前記レーザビームの反射光を検出する赤外線シーカを搭載した飛翔体とを備え、
目標に対しレーザビームを照射し、その反射光を前記赤外線シーカで検出して目標を捕捉し、飛翔体を目標方向に向けて誘導する目標追尾誘導装置であって、
前記レーザビーム照射装置の出射口においてレーザビームの偏光を直線偏光から円偏光に変換する偏光変換素子を備え、レーザビームの偏光を直線偏光から円偏光に変換して円偏光のレーザビームを目標に対し照射する、ことを特徴とする目標追尾誘導装置。 A laser beam irradiation device for irradiating a target with a laser beam;
A flying object equipped with an infrared seeker for detecting reflected light of the laser beam by a target;
A target tracking guidance device that irradiates a target with a laser beam, detects the reflected light with the infrared seeker, captures the target, and guides the flying object toward the target direction,
A polarization conversion element that converts the polarization of the laser beam from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light is provided at the exit of the laser beam irradiation device, and the circularly polarized laser beam is targeted by converting the polarized light of the laser beam from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light. A target tracking guidance device characterized by irradiating a target. 前記偏光変換素子は、４分の１波長遅相子である、ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の目標追尾誘導装置。   The target tracking guidance device according to claim 1, wherein the polarization conversion element is a quarter-wave retarder. レーザビームを照射するレーザビーム照射装置を備え、
前記レーザビーム照射装置によって目標に対しレーザビームを照射し、
目標による前記レーザビームの反射光を飛翔体に搭載した赤外線シーカで検出して目標を捕捉し、飛翔体を目標方向に向けて誘導する目標追尾誘導方法であって、
前記レーザビーム照射装置の出射口において目標に対し照射するレーザビームの偏光を直線偏光から円偏光に変換して、円偏光のレーザビームを目標に対し照射する、ことを特徴とする目標追尾誘導方法。 A laser beam irradiation device for irradiating a laser beam;
Irradiating a target with a laser beam by the laser beam irradiation device ;
A target tracking guidance method for detecting the reflected light of the laser beam by the target with an infrared seeker mounted on the flying object, capturing the target, and guiding the flying object toward the target direction,
A target tracking guidance method comprising: converting the polarization of a laser beam irradiated to a target at the exit of the laser beam irradiation apparatus from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light and irradiating the target with a circularly polarized laser beam .
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