JP5194968B2 - Lighting device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an illuminating device, and more particularly to an illuminating device having an optical member that condenses or deflects light emitted from an electroluminescence light emitter.

  Electroluminescent elements (hereinafter also referred to as “EL elements”) are roughly classified into inorganic EL elements made of inorganic light emitting materials and organic EL elements made of organic light emitting materials. Since all of these EL elements are self-luminous, they have a characteristic of emitting light in all directions. Further, since the EL element is a completely solid element, it has an advantage that it has excellent impact resistance and is easy to handle. For this reason, research and development and practical application as a pixel of a graphic display, a pixel of a television image display device, a surface light source, and the like are in progress.

  Among these, the organic EL element is a light emitting layer made of a fluorescent organic solid such as anthracene and a hole injection layer made of a triphenylamine derivative or the like, or an electron injection layer made of a light emitting layer and a perylene derivative or the like. This is a structure in which any one of a hole injection layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron injection layer is interposed between two electrodes (the light emitting surface side electrode is a transparent electrode). Such an organic EL element utilizes light emission generated when electrons and holes injected into the light emitting layer recombine. For this reason, the organic EL element has the advantage that it can be driven at a low voltage of, for example, 4.5 V and has a quick response by reducing the thickness of the light-emitting layer, and the luminance is proportional to the injected current. The EL element can be obtained. Further, by changing the type of the fluorescent organic solid used as the light emitting layer, light emission is obtained in all the visible colors of blue, green, yellow and red. Since the organic EL element has such advantages, in particular, that it can be driven at a low voltage, research for practical use is currently underway. Some small displays, such as display portions of mobile phones, which are relatively difficult to manufacture, have been put into practical use. In addition, the same research is advanced also about an inorganic EL element, and some practical use is made | formed.

  In addition to its use as a display device, EL elements are also expected as next-generation lighting that replaces conventional incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps. In particular, due to recent material development and device technology improvements, high efficiency and long life equivalent to fluorescent lamps are being realized. An illuminating device using an EL element (also referred to as an EL illuminating device) can realize planar light emission, so that the area can be increased relatively easily, and mercury is not used in the light emitting portion. It is advantageous from the viewpoint of environmental conservation. The advantages of EL lighting devices are summarized as follows: surface emission, thinness (can be bent freely), brightness can be adjusted, emission colors are various (a lot of luminescent materials), and mercury is free. , Etc.

Among these, the use method different from the conventional incandescent lamp and fluorescent lamp can be considered from the feature of EL lighting device which is surface emitting and thin (can be freely bent). Specifically, as described in Patent Document 1 below, it can be applied to a flat surface such as a ceiling surface or a wall by taking advantage of the surface illumination and thin EL lighting device. As suggested, it can also be bent and affixed to curved parts.
JP 2004-296423 A (paragraph 0002) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-216507 (FIGS. 4 and 5)

  Since the light emitted from the EL element has low directivity, it is effective when the EL illumination device illuminates a wide range. However, it is not possible to efficiently illuminate a part with the EL illumination device, and if it is desired to do so, it is necessary to illuminate the entire area, and as a result, other parts are also illuminated, resulting in a loss of light energy. There is a difficulty of becoming larger. Further, in order to brighten the whole, it is necessary to increase the drive voltage applied to the EL element to increase the current value. However, if the current value is set high, the load on the EL light-emitting material is increased and the light emission lifetime is increased. Will be shorter. Of course, setting the current value high is also disadvantageous in terms of energy.

  As an example, consider a case where a flat panel EL lighting device is attached to the wall of a hallway to illuminate the feet. In this case, the portion to which light is most efficiently applied is, of course, the lower side (foot side) when viewed from the wall. However, since the light from the EL illumination device is irradiated in all directions (or emits the strongest light in the normal direction of the panel plane), it cannot be said that the underside of the corridor is efficiently illuminated. In addition, since light is emitted upward from the EL lighting device, there is a problem that an observer (a person who passes through the corridor) feels dazzling.

  For such a problem, a method of tilting the panel surface of the EL lighting device toward the feet can be considered. However, this technique cannot take advantage of the characteristics of the EL lighting device that are surface-emitting and thin and can be integrated with the wall to produce a high design. Similarly, a method of restricting the direction of light by installing a louver or the like is also conceivable, but in this case as well, there is a possibility that the designability is impaired. The problem of design is that when an EL lighting device is used for interior lighting of an automobile, a train, etc., when an EL lighting device is attached near the ceiling wall, or in the future, a direction indicator device or a headlight of an automobile. This is considered to be particularly apparent when an EL lighting device is applied to the lamp.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an illuminating device capable of condensing or deflecting light emitted from an electroluminescence light emitter and directing the light in a desired direction. There is.

  The illumination device of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is an electroluminescent light emitter as a light source, and light in a direction exhibiting substantially the highest luminance among light emitted from the electroluminescent light emitter with a predetermined luminance distribution. And / or a deflecting member that mainly deflects the light.

  In the present invention, an electroluminescence light emitter (EL light emitter) and a condensing member that mainly condenses light in a direction showing the highest luminance among the light emitted from the EL light emitter are configured. According to the invention thus formed, it is possible to irradiate with high energy efficiency without increasing the driving voltage and increasing the current value, so that the lifetime of the EL light emitter can be extended. An invention comprising an electroluminescence light emitter (EL light emitter) and a deflecting member that mainly deflects light in a direction showing substantially the highest luminance among light emitted from the EL light emitter. Since the direction of light can be changed in a desired direction, light can be selectively irradiated to a portion to be illuminated, and the life of the EL light emitter can be extended by reducing energy loss. High designability unique to EL lighting devices can be realized. Moreover, according to the invention provided with both of them, both effects can be achieved.

  As a preferred aspect of the irradiation apparatus of the present invention, the light condensed by the light collecting member may be configured to be light already deflected by the deflecting member, or the light deflected by the deflecting member is collected. You may comprise so that it may be the light already condensed by the optical member.

  According to these inventions, since the light deflected by the deflecting member is light that has already been collected by the light collecting member, the light irradiated in the direction to be illuminated can be emitted as light with higher energy efficiency. As a result, even if the driving voltage is not increased to increase the current value, irradiation can be performed with high energy efficiency, irradiation can be performed with reduced energy loss, and the life of the EL light emitter can be extended and the EL lighting device can provide a long life. High designability can be realized.

  Moreover, as a preferable aspect of the irradiation apparatus of the present invention, (A) the light condensing member may be configured to be an optical member on which a minute lens or prism is formed, or (B) the deflection member is Alternatively, the optical member may be an optical member on which a minute lens, prism or hologram is formed.

  According to the present invention having such an aspect, light emitted from the electroluminescence light emitter can be condensed or deflected in a predetermined aspect.

  As a preferable aspect of the irradiation apparatus of the present invention, a light collecting member for collecting light, two or more kinds of light collecting members having different light collection degrees, a deflecting member for deflecting light, and two or more kinds having different light deflection degrees And two or more kinds of optical members selected from the light collecting and deflecting members that deflect light at the same time as the light is condensed. The two or more kinds of optical members are combined in the electroluminescence. The light emitter is arranged in the in-plane direction.

  According to this invention, since two or more types of optical members of different modes are arranged in the in-plane direction of the electroluminescence light emitter, for example, the lighting device of the present invention is attached to a curved wall surface, and a specific shape is specified from the curved wall surface. This is particularly effective when the direction in which light is to be actively illuminated differs within the plane of the lighting device, such as when the direction is desired to be illuminated or when the lighting device of the present invention has a large area.

  Moreover, as a preferable aspect of the illuminating device of the present invention, a condensing member that condenses light, two or more kinds of condensing members having different light condensing degrees, a deflecting member that deflects light, and two different light deflecting degrees. It is combined so as to include two or more kinds of optical members selected from two or more kinds of deflecting members and a condensing deflecting member that condenses light at the same time as the light is condensed. It comprises so that the switching means which can be switched freely on the light emission surface of an electroluminescent light-emitting body is provided. In this case, the switching means can be exemplified as a slide means for sliding the two or more optical members in a predetermined order. As a more specific example, the lens films having different vertex angles are slid as a series of roll states. Examples of the slide means are:

  According to this invention, since the switching means that can freely switch between two or more types of optical members of different modes is provided, the light irradiation direction can be freely changed according to the scene by switching these optical members. It becomes possible. In this case, if a slide unit that slides two or more types of optical members in a predetermined order is employed as the switching unit, the direction in which light is desired to be illuminated can be changed seamlessly and continuously.

  As a preferable aspect of the illumination device of the present invention, the light collecting member and / or the deflecting member are configured to be detachable.

  According to this invention, by making the light collecting member and / or the deflecting member removable, the light collecting member and / or the purpose according to the purpose in the case where it is desired to irradiate all directions or to illuminate a specific direction. Switching of the deflection member or the like is possible. Furthermore, by applying a plurality of optical members having different irradiation directions, it is possible to positively regulate the irradiation direction as necessary.

  According to the lighting device of the present invention, the emitted light can be applied in a predetermined direction with high energy efficiency without increasing the drive voltage to increase the current value, so that the life of the EL light emitter can be extended. In addition, it is possible to realize a high designability unique to an EL lighting device.

  Further, according to the lighting device of the present invention, for example, when the lighting device of the present invention is attached to a curved wall surface and a specific direction is to be illuminated from the curved wall surface, or when the lighting device of the present invention has a large area As described above, this is particularly effective when the direction in which light is to be actively illuminated differs within the plane of the lighting device. In addition, since at least two or more types of optical members that collect or deflect light can be switched, it is possible to freely change the direction in which light should be actively illuminated according to the scene.

  Such an illuminating device of the present invention, when pasting the EL lighting device on the wall of the corridor, when using the EL lighting device for interior lighting of an automobile or train, when pasting the EL lighting device near the ceiling wall, In the future, even when an EL lighting device is applied to a direction indicator device or a headlight of an automobile, high energy efficiency and anti-glare effect can be achieved, and at the same time, high design can be realized.

  Hereinafter, although embodiment of the illuminating device of this invention is described, this invention is not limitedly interpreted by the following embodiment.

  FIG.1 and FIG.2 is typical sectional drawing which shows the example of the illuminating device of this invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the illumination device 30 </ b> A according to the first aspect of the present invention includes an electroluminescence light emitter (hereinafter referred to as “EL light emitter”) 10 as a light source and a predetermined luminance distribution from the EL light emitter 10. And a condensing member 20 </ b> A that mainly condenses light in a direction showing the highest luminance among the light emitted by the light. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the illumination device 30 </ b> B according to the second aspect of the present invention substantially includes an EL light emitter 10 as a light source and light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 with a predetermined luminance distribution. It consists of a combination with a deflecting member 20B that mainly deflects light in the direction showing the highest luminance.

  The optical members that control light, such as the light collecting member 20A and the deflecting member 20B, are collectively referred to as “optical member 20”, and the illumination devices including the optical member 20 are collectively referred to as “irradiation device 30”. . “Mainly condensing” means a case where light is condensed without changing or changing light in the direction showing the highest luminance substantially, and changing the direction of light (deflection). Means the case where it does not occur substantially. Further, “mainly deflecting” refers to a case where the direction of light in a direction showing the highest luminance is substantially changed, and a case where light collection does not substantially occur.

  Since the illumination device 30 of the present invention having such a basic configuration includes the optical member 20 that controls the light emitted from the EL light emitter 10, it can illuminate mainly in a predetermined direction with the emitted light. Therefore, even if the driving voltage of the EL light emitter 10 is not increased to make the whole brighter, the light can be concentrated more brightly in the main illumination direction, or the direction of the light can be changed in the main illumination direction. The load on the EL light-emitting material in the EL light-emitting body 10 can be reduced, and the life of the EL light-emitting material and thus the EL light-emitting body 10 can be extended.

  Hereafter, the component of the illuminating device 30 of this invention is demonstrated.

[EL emitter]
The EL light emitter 10 is combined with the optical member 20 to constitute the irradiation device 30 of the present invention. The EL light emitter 10 has an EL light emitting layer that emits light of a predetermined color. The light emission pattern displayed by the EL light emitter 10 is composed of light emitted from the light emitting layer. In the case where the light emitting layer is configured to emit monochromatic light, the EL light emitter 10 constitutes an area color type irradiation device 30 having two or more monochromatic light regions in the in-plane direction. On the other hand, when the light emitting layer is configured to emit two or more emission colors, the EL light emitter 10 constitutes a multicolor or full color type irradiation device 30.

[EL emitter]
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an EL light emitter for area color illumination, and FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an EL light emitter for full color illumination. The EL light emitter 10A shown in FIG. 3 has an element structure that emits monochromatic light. By arranging this element structure so that there are two or more regions in the in-plane direction of the EL light emitter 10A, an area color type irradiation is performed. A device can be configured. On the other hand, the EL light emitter 10B shown in FIG. 4 has an element structure that emits two or more light emission colors (three colors in FIG. 4) in the pixel, and this element structure is formed as a large number of pixels in the surface of the EL light emitter 10. By arranging, a multi-color or full-color type irradiation apparatus can be configured. Note that the element structure of monochromatic light illustrated in FIG. 3 can be represented as a single element constituting the element structure of three colors illustrated in FIG. Hereinafter, the EL illuminant is generically represented by reference numeral 10.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the EL light emitter 10 has at least an EL laminate 2 in which a light emitting layer 4 (4R, 4G, 4B) containing an EL light emitting material is sandwiched between two electrodes 3 and 5. doing. Such an EL light emitter 10 utilizes light emission 11 generated when electrons and holes injected into the light emitting layer 4 are recombined. Specifically, an EL laminate 2 including an electrode 3, a light emitting layer 4, and an electrode 5 is provided on the substrate 1, and a protective layer 6 is further provided on the EL laminate 2 as necessary. Is provided. Further, if necessary, a color filter 8 provided on the transparent substrate 9 is bonded to the EL light emitter 10 via the adhesive layer 7. Below, each structure of an organic EL light-emitting body and an inorganic EL light-emitting body is demonstrated about EL light-emitting body. The EL light emitters shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 may be either organic or inorganic, but FIG. 5 described later is an example of an inorganic EL light emitter.

(Organic EL emitter)
First, the configuration of the organic EL light emitter will be described. The base material 1 is provided on the mounted body 50 side such as a wall surface to which the lighting device 30 of the present invention is mounted, and acts as a base material that supports the entire lighting device of the present invention. The type, size, thickness, and the like of the substrate 1 are not particularly limited, and may be rigid or flexible and flexible. Examples of the constituent material of the base material include metals such as Al, glass, quartz, and various resins. The light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 is emitted from the side of the color filter 8 in FIGS. 3 and 4, and therefore, the base material 1 does not necessarily need to use a material that becomes transparent or translucent. Can be used.

The electrode 3 is either an anode or a cathode, but is generally provided on the substrate 1 as an anode, and a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer are provided on the electrode 3. Forming materials include metals such as gold, silver and chromium, ITO (indium tin oxide), indium oxide, IZO (indium zinc oxide), transparent conductive films such as SnO ₂ and ZnO, and conductive oxides such as polyaniline and polyacetylene. Etc. Moreover, it can also be set as the reflection type electrode which consists of a laminated structure of ITO, silver, and ITO.

  The light-emitting layer 4 is a layer that defines the illumination color of the illumination device 30 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the light-emitting layer 4 is a light-emitting layer for area color illumination in which a specific color light-emitting layer is provided in the whole or a predetermined area. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, it may be a light emitting layer for full color illumination in which a red light emitting layer 4R, a green light emitting layer 4G, and a blue light emitting layer 4B are provided in the surface order. A conventionally known organic EL material can be used as the material for forming the light emitting layer. The illumination color in the present invention includes white, and therefore the light emitting layer 4 includes a white light emitting layer.

  Specifically, the light emitting layer 4 includes a plurality of layers provided with a charge injection layer and a charge transport layer so as to sandwich a virtual light emitting layer containing a light emitting material (also referred to as a light emitting material layer). . For example, in the case where the electrode 3 is an anode, the light emitting layer 4 is formed from a laminate composed of a hole injection layer and a light emitting material layer, or a hole injection layer, a light emitting material layer, and an electron injection layer from the electrode 3 side. Or a laminate composed of a light emitting material layer and an electron injection layer. A hole transport layer may be provided between the hole injection layer and the light emitting material layer, or an electron transport layer may be provided between the light emitting material layer and the electron injection layer. Each injection layer or light emitting material layer may contain a hole transporting material or an electron transporting material.

  As a material for forming the hole injection layer, for example, a material usually used as a material for a hole injection layer such as a dye material, a metal complex material, or a polymer material can be used. Moreover, as a forming material of a positive hole transport layer, what is normally used as a material for positive hole transport layers, such as phthalocyanine and naphthalocyanine, can be used.

The light emitting material layer is a layer containing a host material and a guest material, and conventionally known materials can be used for the host material and the guest material, and their blending ratio is arbitrarily determined depending on the material to be used. Selected. An example of each color forming material constituting a light emitting material layer for area color illumination or a light emitting material layer for full color illumination is as follows. For a red light emitting material layer, 4,4-N, N′-di is used as a host material. As the guest material, carbazole-biphenyl (CBP) can be used, and a tris (1-phenylisoquinoline) iridium (III) complex (Ir (piq) ₃ ) can be used. 4-N, N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) and tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium (III) complex (Ir (ppy) ₃ ) can be cited as a guest material, and for blue light emitting material layers As the host material, 9,10-di-2-naphthylanthracene (DNA) is used and the guest material is 1-te. t- butyl - can be mentioned perylene (TBP). Moreover, you may have the material which light-emits another color.

  Note that the material for forming the light-emitting material layer may be other than these, and examples of the host material include anthracene derivatives, arylamine derivatives, distyrylarylene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, fluorene derivatives, and spiro compounds. Examples of guest materials include perylene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, distyrylarylene derivatives, arylamine derivatives, fluorene derivatives, iridium complexes such as FIrPic, and the like.

  Examples of the material for forming the electron transport layer include materials generally used as the electron transport layer, such as metal complex materials, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, and phenanthroline derivatives. Examples of the material for forming the electron injection layer include materials generally used as the electron injection layer, such as aluminum and lithium fluoride, in addition to the materials exemplified as the light emitting material of the light emitting material layer.

The electrode 5 is a counter electrode of the electrode 3 and is either a cathode or an anode, but is generally provided as a cathode. Since the electrode 5 is on the light extraction side of the light emitting layer 4, the forming material is made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO (indium tin oxide), indium oxide, IZO (indium zinc oxide), SnO ₂ , ZnO, MgAg, or the like. A translucent metal is preferably used.

(Inorganic EL phosphor)
Next, the configuration of the inorganic EL light emitter will be described. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the inorganic EL light emitter 10C.

As the substrate 1 ′, alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), quartz glass (SiO ₂ ), magnesia (MgO), forsterite (2MgO · SiO ₂ ), steatite (MgO · SiO ₂ ), mullite (3Al ₂ O _Use ceramic substrates such as ₃ · 2SiO ₂ ), beryllia (BeO), zirconia (ZrO ₂ ), aluminum nitride (AlN), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon carbide (SiC + BeO), crystallized glass, quartz glass, etc. Can do. In addition, Ba-based, Sr-based, and Pb-based perovskites can also be used. Further, high heat-resistant glass or the like may be used, or a metal substrate or the like that has been subjected to an insulation treatment such as enamel may be used.

  The electrode 3 'is provided on the substrate 1'. The electrode 3 ′ is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having good conductivity. For example, noble metals such as Au, Ag, Pt, and Ir, refractory metals such as Ni, W, Mo, Nb, and Ta, these noble metals or An alloy of a refractory metal or the like can be used. Usually, noble metals such as Au and Pt are preferably used. However, if the electrode protective layer 19 shown in FIG. 5 is provided on the surface of the electrode 3 ′, a metal that is easily oxidized or sulfided, such as Ag, Ag / Pd, or the like is used. Can be used. The electrode protection layer 19 shown in FIG. 5 can be exemplified by barium titanate, for example, and protects the electrode 3 ′ from being corroded by sulfides or the like that may be generated from the inorganic light emitting layer 4 ′ described later. Works.

  The electrode 3 ′ is formed by, for example, screen printing using a paste obtained by adding the powder of the electrode material to, for example, a solvent or a solvent and a resin, adding glass frit or the like as necessary, and mixing or kneading. Is applied and formed in a desired stripe pattern on the substrate 1 'and baked. Alternatively, the paste may be applied and formed in a solid form on the entire surface of the substrate, not in a pattern, and baked, and then patterned by a photolithography method. The electrode 3 ′ is patterned as described above after a solid metal layer or alloy layer is formed on the entire surface of the substrate by plating, vapor deposition, or sputtering using the above electrode material. Alternatively, it can be formed into a pattern by performing plating, vapor deposition, or sputtering through a mask pattern. The thickness of the electrode 3 ′ varies depending on the forming method, but in the case of a method suitable for forming a thick film such as screen printing, it is preferably about 0.5 μm to 5 μm, and a thin film such as vapor deposition or sputtering is formed. In the case of using a method suitable for the above, it is preferably about 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm.

  The thick dielectric layer 16 is provided on the electrode 3 ′ or on the electrode protective layer 19 when the electrode protective layer 19 is provided on the electrode 3 ′. This thick film dielectric layer 16 is obtained by adding a dielectric powder to, for example, a solvent or a resin and a resin, and adding a glass frit or the like, if necessary, and mixing or kneading a paste obtained by screen printing or the like. Depending on the method, it is formed by coating and firing so as to cover the electrode 3 '. The thick dielectric layer 16 can be formed by an isostatic pressing method, a sol-gel method, a MOD (Metal Organic Decomposition) method, or the like. In the formation by the isostatic pressing method, a reference plate having a smooth surface is placed on the upper surface of the thick dielectric layer before firing, compressed by the isostatic pressing method, and then fired. The conditions for the hydrostatic press are from room temperature to 300 ° C. and from 50 KPa to 400 MPa. In this range, the thick dielectric layer 16 having a high density and excellent dielectric characteristics can be obtained.

Examples of the dielectric powder include BaTiO ₃ , (Ba _x Ca _1-x ) TiO ₃ , (Ba _x Sr _1-x ) TiO ₃ , PbTiO ₃ , Pb (Zr _x Ti _1-x ) O ₃ (hereinafter, referred to as “dielectric powder”). Ferroelectrics having a perovskite structure such as PZT), composite perovskite ferroelectrics represented by Pb (Mg _1/3 Nb _2/3 ) O ₃ (hereinafter also referred to as PMN), Bi ₄ Ti ₃ It is possible to use a bismuth layered compound represented by O ₁₂ , SrBi ₂ Ta ₂ O ₉ , a tungsten bronze type ferroelectric represented by (Sr _x Ba _1-x ) Nb ₂ O ₆ , PbNb ₂ O ₆ or the like. it can. Among these, perovskite dielectrics such as BaTiO ₃ , PZT, and PMN, which can achieve a higher dielectric constant and can be heat-treated at a lower firing temperature, are more preferable, and among them, a dielectric that contains a lead element in the chemical composition. The body is more preferred. This dielectric containing lead is particularly suitable when glass is used as the substrate 1 ′. A composite perovskite compound containing Pb typified by PMN is called a relaxor, and exhibits a high relative dielectric constant in a wide temperature range, and is thus preferable as a thick film dielectric material.

  The thickness of the thick film dielectric layer 16 is preferably about 2 μm to 100 μm. If it is thicker than 100 μm, it will be difficult to densify, whereas if it is thinner than 2 μm, the effect of the step difference from the patterning portion of the electrode 3 ′ will become larger. Since the light emitting layer 4 ′ to be described later is electrically arranged in series with the thick dielectric layer 16, in order to efficiently apply a voltage to the light emitting layer 4 ′ when a voltage is applied from the outside. For example, the capacitance of the thick film dielectric layer 16 is preferably higher than the capacitance of the light emitting layer 4 ′, specifically about 10 times. Note that the ratio between the capacitance of the thick dielectric layer 16 and the capacitance of the light emitting layer 4 ′ is equal to the ratio of “relative dielectric constant / film thickness” of each layer.

  The thin film dielectric layer 17 is provided to improve the flatness of the surface on the light emitting layer side and to further improve the dielectric constant characteristics of the thick film dielectric layer 16. Even when unevenness or foreign matter is attached to the thick film dielectric layer 16, by forming the thin film dielectric layer 17 on the thick film dielectric layer 16, the underlayer of the light emitting layer 4 ' The surface of the thin film dielectric layer 17 can be extremely flattened. The thin film dielectric layer 17 can be formed using the same composition as the thick film dielectric layer 16. The thin film dielectric layer 17 is formed by applying a coating liquid containing the thin film dielectric layer forming composition on the thick film dielectric layer 16 by, for example, a die coating method, a roll coating method, a blade coating method, a spin coating method, or the like. The formed coating film can be formed by drying and firing according to the composition of the coating solution. The thin film dielectric layer 17 may include other layers for further improving flatness and electrical characteristics. The thickness of the thin film dielectric layer 17 may be about 0.01 μm to 3 μm. When the thickness of the thin film dielectric layer 17 is less than 0.01 μm, it does not have a function as a film, and when the thickness exceeds 3 μm, cracks tend to occur and the entire base material Therefore, the voltage may not be sufficiently applied to the light emitting layer 4 ′ when a voltage is applied.

Since the light emitting layer 4 ′ is formed on the very flat thin film dielectric layer 17, it has excellent light emitting characteristics. Examples of the light emitting material forming the light emitting layer 4 ′ include ZnS, Mn / CdSSe, etc., as materials for obtaining red light emission, and ZnS: TbOF, ZnS: Tb, etc. as materials for obtaining green light emission. Examples of materials that can emit blue light include SrS: Ce, (SrS: Ce / Zns) n, Ca ₂ Ga ₂ S ₄ : Ce, and Sr ₂ Ga ₂ S ₄ : Ce. Examples of the material for obtaining SrS include: Ce / ZnS: Mn. The light emitting layer 4 ′ can be formed by vapor deposition, sputtering, CVD, or the like using the above light emitting material. The thickness of the light emitting layer 4 ′ is preferably about 0.1 μm to 3 μm, and more preferably about 0.3 μm to 2 μm.

  The thin film dielectric layer 18 is provided on the light emitting layer 4 '. By providing this thin film dielectric layer 18, it is possible to prevent water vapor, oxygen, and the like from the outside from entering the light emitting layer 4 ′. The thin film dielectric layer 18 can be formed by the same method as the thin film dielectric layer 17 described above. The thickness of the thin film dielectric layer 18 is preferably about 0.01 μm to 1 μm, more preferably about 0.015 μm to 0.5 μm. The thin film dielectric layer 18 and the thin film dielectric layer 17 have different preferable film thicknesses because the surface roughness of the base on which the respective thin film dielectric layers are provided is different.

Since the electrode 5 ′ is provided on the observer side, it needs to be formed of a transparent electrode material so as not to prevent transmission of light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 ′. Examples of the transparent electrode material include oxide conductive materials such as ITO (indium tin oxide), SnO ₂ , and ZnO—Al. Formation of electrode 5 'can be performed by vapor-depositing or sputtering said oxide conductive material. The thickness of the electrode 5 ′ is preferably about 0.05 μm to 0.2 μm.

  As mentioned above, although the structure of the organic EL light emitter and the inorganic EL light emitter has been described, the light emitter 10 may be an EL light emitter for full-color illumination or an EL light emitter for area color illumination. Also good.

  The EL light emitter for full-color illumination has a form in which the red light emitting layer 4R, the green light emitting layer 4G, and the blue light emitting layer 4B are sequentially provided in the in-plane direction. For example, as shown in FIG. A partition wall 14 for separating the layers 4R, 4G, and 4B is provided. The barrier ribs 14 can be formed of an inorganic material such as silicon oxide or an organic material such as a resist. After the electrodes 3 are patterned, the barrier ribs 14 are formed in a predetermined pattern before forming the light emitting layers 4R, 4G, and 4B of the respective colors. It is formed. After the formation regions of the light emitting layers 4R, 4G, and 4B of the respective colors are divided by the partition wall 14, the light emitting layers 4R, 4G, and 4B of the respective colors are formed by applying, for example, a light emitting layer forming coating solution or the like for each color. . Thereafter, the above-described electrode 5 is formed so as to cover the whole, and thereafter, for example, a protective film 6 such as SiON having gas barrier properties is arbitrarily formed on each of the light emitting layers 4R, 4G, and 4B. The electrodes 3 and 5 may be formed by an active matrix method or a simple matrix method.

(White organic EL phosphor)
Since it is effective that the illumination device according to the present invention is an illumination that emits white light in particular, the white EL light emitter will be described in more detail below. The white EL illuminant is preferable because it is not necessary to provide a color filter that may lower the energy efficiency. In addition, when constituting the illumination light of R, G, B single color, it is possible if the light emitting layer of each color is formed into a single solid and used.

  In the white EL light-emitting body, the light-emitting layer 4 is composed of a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer, and the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer are sequentially stacked in this order from the electrode 3 (usually an anode made of a transparent electrode). It is preferable to configure. In particular, it is preferable that the second light emitting layer close to the electrode 5 (usually the cathode) side has a larger electron transport capability than the distant first light emitting layer. The reason is that the main light emission occurs at the interface between the two light emitting layers, and the organic compound having a fluorescence peak in the liquid state of 580 nm or more and 650 nm or less emits light using the light emission or excitation energy here, and the white color is emitted from the transparent electrode side. This is because light can be extracted. When the order of stacking the first light emitting layer and the second light emitting layer is reversed, the light emitted from the first light emitting layer is absorbed by the second light emitting layer, and good white light cannot be obtained. An organic compound having a fluorescence peak in a liquid state of 580 nm or more and 650 nm or less is a long wavelength component at the emission wavelength, and therefore is not absorbed by other components and may be contained in any layer of the organic compound layer. . And the thickness of a 2nd light emitting layer should just be more than the thickness of a 1st light emitting layer.

  Examples of the method for forming the light emitting layer include a vapor deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, and the like, and a molecular deposition film is particularly preferable. Here, the molecular deposition film refers to a film formed by deposition from a vapor phase state of an organic compound or a film formed by solidification from a solution state or a liquid phase state of an organic compound. The molecular deposited film formed by the LB method can be classified by the difference in the aggregation structure and the higher order structure, or the functional difference resulting therefrom.

The hole injecting and transporting layer is not an essential layer, but is preferably used in order to improve the light emitting performance. The material for the hole injecting and transporting layer is preferably a material that transports holes to the light emitting layer with a lower electric field, and further has a hole mobility of at least 10 ⁻⁶ cm in an electric field of 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁶ V / cm. ² / V · sec is more preferable.

  Examples of the hole injecting and transporting layer include triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcones described in Japanese Patent No. 3366401. Derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, and the like can be given. Further, silazane derivatives, polysilane-based and aniline-based copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 1-211399, particularly thiophene oligomers, can be mentioned.

  In particular, the following porphyrin compounds, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, and styrylamine compounds are preferably used, and aromatic tertiary amine compounds are particularly preferable.

  Representative examples of porphyrin compounds include porphine; 1,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H, 23H-porphine copper (II); 1,10,15,20-tetraphenyl 21H, 23H-porphine zinc (II) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) -21H, 23H-porphine; silicon phthalocyanine oxide; aluminum phthalocyanine chloride; phthalocyanine (metal free); dilithium phthalocyanine; copper tetramethyl phthalocyanine; Zinc phthalocyanine; lead phthalocyanine; titanium phthalocyanine oxide; magnesium phthalocyanine; copper octamethylphthalocyanine. Moreover, as a typical example of an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound, N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl; N, N′-diphenyl-N, N '-Di (3-methylphenyl) -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (TPDA); 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane; 1,1-bis (4-di-p -Tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane; N, N, N ', N'-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) -4- Phenylcyclohexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) phenylmethane; N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-di (4-me Xylphenyl) -4,4′-diaminobiphenyl; N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether; 4,4′-bis (diphenylamino) quadriphenyl; N, N, N-tri (p-tolyl) amine; 4- (di-p-tolylamino) -4 ′-[4 (di-p-tolylamino) styryl] stilbene; 4-N, N-diphenylamino- (2-diphenylvinyl) ) Benzene; 3-methoxy-4′-N, N-diphenylaminostilbenzene; N-phenylcarbazole; aromatic dimethylidin compounds. An aromatic methylidyne compound can also be used as a material for the hole injecting and transporting layer. Furthermore, inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC (see International Patent Publication No. WO90-05998) can also be used as the material for the hole injecting and transporting layer.

  The hole injecting and transporting layer can be formed by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, or an LB method. The thickness of the hole injecting and transporting layer is usually 1 nm to 10 μm, preferably 5 nm to 5 μm. The hole injecting and transporting layer may be composed of one or more of these hole injecting and transporting materials, or a hole injecting and transporting layer made of a compound different from the hole injecting and transporting layer. May be laminated.

  In order to improve the adhesion between the light emitting layer 4 and the electrode 5 (cathode), the electron injecting and transporting layer preferably contains a material having high adhesion to the light emitting layer and the cathode. Materials having high adhesion include heterocyclic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides such as nitro-substituted fluorenone derivatives, anthraquinodimethane derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, naphthalene perylene derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, Anthraquinodimethane derivatives and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, other specific electron transfer compounds, and the like can be given. Moreover, the metal complex (Al, Zn, Li, Ga, Be, In, Mg, Cu, Ca, Sn, or Pb) of 8-hydroxyquinoline or its derivative (s) can be mentioned. Specifically, it is a metal chelate oxinoid compound containing a chelate of oxine (generally 8-quinolinol or 8-hydroxyquinoline). Such a compound exhibits a high level of performance and can be easily formed into a thin film.

  Specific chelating oxinoid compounds include tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum; bis (8-quinolinol) magnesium; bis (benzo-8-quinolinol) zinc; bis (2-methyl-8-quinolylato) aluminum oxide; (8-quinolinol) indium; tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum; 8-quinolinol lithium; tris (5-chloro-8-quinolinol) gallium; bis (5-chloro-8-quinolinol) calcium; Examples include 7-dichloro-8-quinolinol aluminum; tris (5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinolinol) aluminum. In addition, metal-free or metal phthalocyanine and those in which the terminal is substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfone group are also preferable. Furthermore, the distyrylpyrazine derivative described above as the material for the light emitting layer can also be used as the material for the electron injecting and transporting layer. Furthermore, inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC (see International Patent Publication No. WO90-05998) can also be used as the material for the electron injecting and transporting layer.

  The electron injecting and transporting layer can be formed by a known thinning method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, or an LB method. The thickness of the electron injecting and transporting layer is usually 1 nm to 10 μm, preferably 5 nm to 5 μm. The electron injecting and transporting layer may be composed of one or more of these electron injecting and transporting materials, or a layer in which an electron injecting and transporting layer made of a compound different from the electron injecting and transporting layer is laminated. It may be.

(Color filter)
The lighting device of the present invention may optionally be provided with a color filter 8 as shown in FIGS. The color filter 8 may be a color filter composed of a single color layer corresponding to the EL light emitter 10A for area color illumination as shown in FIG. 3, or may be an EL for full color illumination as shown in FIG. It may be a color filter composed of a single color layer corresponding to the light emitter 10B, or may be a color filter composed of other various forms, and is not particularly limited. Such a color filter 8 can be provided, for example, when it is desired to color white light emission or when it is desired to emit light of each color to a desired color. As the colored layer constituting the color filter 8, in addition to a commonly provided red colored layer, green colored layer, blue colored layer, one or more colored materials selected from a cyan colored layer and a magenta colored layer A layer is provided.

(Optical member)
Next, the optical member will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the optical member 20 constituting the illumination device 30 of the present invention is roughly divided into two modes. The optical member according to the first aspect shown in FIG. 1 is a condensing member 20A that mainly condenses light in a direction that exhibits substantially the highest luminance among the light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 with a predetermined luminance distribution. It is. On the other hand, the optical member according to the second mode shown in FIG. 2 is a deflecting member 20B that mainly deflects light in a direction showing substantially the highest luminance among the light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 with a predetermined luminance distribution. It is.

  1 functions to collect light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 in a predetermined direction, and the deflection member 20B illustrated in FIG. 2 emits light from the EL light emitter 10 in a predetermined direction. Function to change the direction of light (deflect). Note that the degree of light collection and deflection is not particularly limited, and is arbitrary depending on the purpose. Further, θ in FIG. 2 indicates a direction (a direction other than the normal direction) that forms a predetermined angle θ with the EL light emitter surface.

  “The light in the direction exhibiting the highest luminance” does not mean the light in the irregular direction where the luminance is accidentally increased, but “the light in the main direction emitted from the EL light emitter 10”. The optical member 20 constituting the illumination apparatus of the present invention acts as a member that collects or deflects light in such a main direction. The “luminance distribution” refers to a luminance distribution obtained by measuring the EL light emitter 10 with a luminance measuring device (here, EZ-contrast 160R manufactured by ELDIM), and the normal direction is front (0 °). And a distribution obtained from the result of measurement with the azimuth angle direction measured in all directions of 360 ° and the polar angle of ± 80 ° left and right (see FIGS. 11 to 15 described later).

  In FIG. 6, the some example of the optical member which can comprise the illuminating device of this invention is shown. The optical member 20A shown in FIG. 6A mainly collects light when the light in the main direction emitted from the EL light emitter 10 is light in the normal direction of the EL light emitter surface, for example. This is an optical member that is formed by continuously arranging a plurality of isosceles rectangular lenses 21 extending in one direction. Specifically, the rectangular lens 21 is an isosceles lens having a cross-sectional shape with an apex angle α of 30 ° to 150 ° and a both base angles β and γ of 75 ° to 15 °. For example, it acts so that most of the emitted light is directed (condensed) in the normal direction of the surface of the EL light emitter. By arbitrarily setting the values of the angles α, β, and γ that specify the shape of the rectangular lens 21, the degree of condensing light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 can be arbitrarily set. The rectangular lens 21 has a height of 7 μm to 700 μm, and a width (width in the left-right direction when FIG. 6A is viewed from the front) is 10 μm to 1000 μm.

  Further, the optical member 20A in which the rectangular lenses 21 are arranged can be laminated so that the directions of the rectangular lenses 21 extending in one direction are orthogonal, that is, the ridge lines of the rectangular lenses 21 are orthogonal. By doing so, the degree of condensing of the light emitted from the EL light emitter can be further increased.

  On the other hand, in the optical member 20B shown in FIG. 6B, when the light in the main direction emitted from the EL light emitter 10 is, for example, the light in the normal direction of the EL light emitter surface, the light is converted to the method of the EL light emitter surface. An optical member that can be deflected in a direction other than the linear direction, specifically, a direction of a predetermined angle θ from the surface of the EL light emitter, and a sawtooth or prism-shaped rectangular lens 22 extending in one direction is continuously provided. It is an optical member arranged in large numbers. Specifically, the rectangular lens 22 is a lens having a cross-sectional shape with an apex angle α: 45 ° to 80 °, a left base angle β: 45 ° to 10 °, and a right base angle γ: 90 ° to 45 °, and EL emission. For example, most of the light emitted from the body 10 at a wide angle is directed to the direction of the angle θ from the EL light emitter surface, that is, deflected. By arbitrarily setting the values of the angles α, β, and γ that specify the shape of the rectangular lens 22, the degree of deflection of the light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 can be arbitrarily set. The height of the rectangular lens 22 is 7 μm to 700 μm, and the width (the width in the left-right direction when FIG. 6B is viewed from the front) is 10 μm to 1000 μm.

  Further, the optical member 20C shown in FIG. 6C mainly collects the light when the light in the main direction emitted from the EL light emitter 10 is light in the normal direction of the EL light emitter surface, for example. It is an optical member that can be provided and has a large number of bowl-shaped cylindrical lenses 23 extending in one direction. Specifically, the cylindrical lens 23 is a convex lens having a semicircular cross section, for example, a radius of curvature of about 5 μm to 500 μm, and most of the light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 at a wide angle is in the normal direction of the EL light emitter surface. Acts to direct (condensate). By arbitrarily setting the semicircular shape that identifies the shape of the cylindrical lens 23, the degree of condensing light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 can be arbitrarily set. The height of the cylindrical lens 23 is 5 μm to 500 μm, and its width (width in the left-right direction when FIG. 6C is viewed from the front) is 10 μm to 1000 μm.

  Also, the optical member 20D shown in FIG. 6D mainly emits light in the front direction when the light in the main direction emitted from the EL light emitter 10 is light in the normal direction of the EL light emitter surface, for example. It is an optical member that can be condensed and is a so-called fly-eye lens (fly-eye lens) in which a large number of dome-shaped convex lenses 24 are arranged. Specifically, the convex lens 24 is a lens having a semicircular cross-sectional shape, and acts so that most of light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 at a wide angle is directed (condensed) in the front direction of the EL light emitter surface. . By arbitrarily setting the curvature that specifies the shape of the convex lens 24, the degree of condensing that directs the light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 in the front direction can be arbitrarily set. The height of the convex lens 24 is 5 μm to 500 μm, and the width (the width in the left-right direction when FIG. 6D is viewed from the front) is 10 μm to 1000 μm.

  Note that the optical member 20C in which the cylindrical lenses 23 shown in FIG. 6C are arranged is assumed to have substantially the same function as the fly-eye lens shown in FIG. 6D, and the extending direction of the cylindrical lenses 23 is orthogonal. It can also be laminated.

  Also, the optical members 20A and 20C shown in FIGS. 6A, 6C, and 6D functioning as a light condensing member between the EL member 10 and the optical member 20B shown in FIG. , 20D can be arranged to deflect light (for example, light in the normal direction) whose light collecting property is enhanced by the optical members 20A, 20C, 20D in other directions. The brightness of the light deflected at this time is slightly different depending on the presence or absence of the optical members 20A, 20C, and 20D, and the light with the central brightness is higher when the optical members are provided than when the optical members are not provided.

  Similarly, if an optical member that functions as a deflecting member is disposed between the optical member that functions as a condensing member and the EL light emitter, the light whose direction has been changed by the deflecting member is Brightness can be increased and transmitted in the same or substantially the same direction. At this time, the deflected light passes through the light collecting member, so that the light having high center luminance is obtained.

  A member that simultaneously deflects light and deflects it is called a condensing deflecting member. This condensing deflecting member adjusts the angle of a rectangular lens 21 having an isosceles side as shown in FIG. The angle of the integrated optical member that deflects the direction of the collected light and the prism-shaped rectangular lens 22 shown in FIG. Thus, an integrated optical member that condenses the light after being deflected at the same time as deflecting the light from the EL light emitter can be exemplified.

  The optical member 20 constituting the illuminating device 30 of the present invention may not be an optical member having the fine lens and the prism as described above, and may be an optical member on which a hologram is formed, for example. As the hologram, for example, a volume hologram made of a refractive index grating formed by light interference in a photopolymer can be used.

  Volume-type holograms, also called Lippmann holograms, are holograms in which the thickness of the hologram is sufficiently thicker than the wavelength of light, with interference fringes recorded in the thickness direction on the inside of the recording material. Diffracted light is generated only for reference light having a direction. Specifically, a refractive index grating is formed into a hologram by causing two lights oscillated from an LD excitation laser light source having a wavelength of 532 nm to interfere in a photopolymer as a dry plate. As the photopolymer, an OMNIDEX series manufactured by DuPont or the like can be suitably used, and the diffraction efficiency can be 90% or more in principle. The optical member on which such a hologram is formed directs most of the light emitted from the EL light emitter in a predetermined direction (eg, normal direction) from the predetermined direction (eg, normal direction) of the EL light emitter surface to a different direction. Acts as follows. When constructing a hologram, the degree (diffractive property) of the light emitted from the EL light emitter in a direction deviated from the normal direction is arbitrarily set by adjusting the angle at which the two laser beams interfere with each other. be able to. In addition to volume holograms, embossed holograms having irregularities on the surface can also be applied.

(Other types of lighting devices)
Next, an illumination device including a composite optical member having a plurality of optical members will be described. FIG. 7 is an installation example of an illuminating device including a composite optical member, and FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an illuminating device including a plurality of optical member switching means included in the composite optical member. It is. Moreover, FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram which shows the example of installation which the illuminating device of this invention used for various uses.

  The illumination device 30C shown in FIG. 7A includes a first optical member 20A that mainly focuses light in a predetermined direction (in the drawing, the normal direction of the EL light emitter surface), and a first light direction. The illumination device includes a composite optical member that is combined with a second optical member 20B that mainly deflects in a direction different from the optical member 20A (downward of the EL light emitter surface in the drawing). The two optical members 20 </ b> A and 20 </ b> B are arranged in the in-plane direction of the EL light emitter 10. The areas of the first optical member 20A and the second optical member 20B are not particularly limited. In the embodiment of FIG. 7A, the portion having the same area and provided with the lower half of the first optical member 20A irradiates light in the normal direction of the EL light emitter surface, and the upper half of the second optical member. The portion where the member 20B is provided irradiates light downward from the EL light emitter surface. Reference numeral 60 is a person.

  On the other hand, the illuminating device 30D shown in FIG. 7B includes a first optical member 20A that mainly focuses the light in a predetermined direction (in the drawing, the normal direction of the EL light emitter surface), and the light direction. The second optical member 20B that mainly deflects in a direction different from the first optical member 20A (in the drawing, below the EL light emitter surface), and the light disposed between the first optical member 20A and the second optical member 20B. Is a lighting device including a composite optical member that is combined with a third optical member 20G that gradually changes from the normal direction of the EL light emitter surface to the same direction as the second optical member 20B. The three optical members 20A, 20B, and 20G are arranged in the in-plane direction of the EL light emitter 10. Also in this case, the areas of the three optical members are not particularly limited. The mode of FIG. 7B can be preferably used for illumination in vehicles such as trains and buses and in underground passages, and the portion of the ceiling where the first optical member 20A is provided is the surface of the EL light emitter. Light is irradiated in the direction of the person 60, which is the normal direction, and the portion of the side wall where the second optical member 20B is provided irradiates the feet below the EL light emitter surface. And the part in which the 3rd optical member 20G arrange | positioned on the curved surface between a ceiling and a side wall was provided is the intermediate | middle, and the direction of light is gradually 2nd optical member 20B from the normal line direction of EL light-emitting body surface. The optical member is designed to be changed in the downward direction, and the light is irradiated from the direction of the person 60 to the direction of the foot.

  Here, “condensing” refers to a case where light is collected in a predetermined direction (usually collecting light in a normal direction) by an optical member. In addition, “deflection” refers to a case where light is deflected in a predetermined direction by an optical member (usually, light is directed in a direction other than the normal direction). The optical member for condensing and deflecting may be a stack of two types of optical members, or a single optical member integrated in a stacked manner.

  The composite optical member arranged in the in-plane direction is a composite of a plurality of optical members, and may be a composite of two optical members as shown in FIG. In addition, three or four or more optical members shown in FIG. 7B may be combined. As the composite aspect, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, it may be arranged in the in-plane direction so that the directions based on the respective optical members are different. As described above, it may be arranged in the stacking direction so as to have a light collecting property and a deflecting property that cannot be achieved by a single optical member (not shown).

  Moreover, the composite optical member which has arrange | positioned the 2 or more types of condensing member from which the condensing degree of light differs in the surface direction may be sufficient. An illuminating device using such an optical member can be preferably used as an illuminating device having a portion having a different luminance in the in-plane direction. For example, the optical member having a different degree of light collection may change the apex angles α, β, γ and the lens shape of the rectangular lens 21 shown in FIG. 6A, or the lens 23 shown in FIGS. , 24 can be realized by changing the curved surface shape, the radius of curvature, and the like.

  Further, it may be a composite optical member in which two or more kinds of deflecting members having different degrees of light deflection are arranged in the in-plane direction. An illuminating device using such an optical member can be preferably used as an illuminating device having a portion where the direction of light is different in the in-plane direction. Optical members having different degrees of light deflection can be realized, for example, by changing the apex angles α, β, γ of the rectangular lens 22 shown in FIG. 6B or changing the shape of the rectangular lens.

  Furthermore, it may be a composite optical member configured such that the light condensing degree and the light deflection degree continuously change in the in-plane direction. In this case as well, for example, the apex angles α, β, γ and the lens shape of the rectangular lens 21 shown in FIG. 6A are continuously changed, or the lenses 23, 24 shown in FIGS. This can be realized by continuously changing the curved surface shape, the radius of curvature, etc., or by continuously changing the apex angles α, β, γ and the lens shape of the rectangular lens 22 shown in FIG. 6B. .

  As described above, the illumination device of the present invention can preferably include a composite optical member in which the various optical members described above are combined in the in-plane direction. For example, a condensing member that mainly condenses the light shown in FIGS. 6A, 6C, and 6D, a deflecting member that mainly deflects the light shown in FIG. 6B, and the like. It is selected from two or more kinds of condensing members having different condensing degrees, two or more kinds of deflecting members having different degrees of light deflection, and a light condensing deflecting member that deflects the light at the same time as the light is condensed. It is possible to preferably provide an illuminating device that is combined so as to include two or more types of optical members, and that the two or more types of optical members are arranged in the in-plane direction of the electroluminescent light emitter. In such an illuminating device, two or more kinds of optical members of different modes are arranged in the in-plane direction of the electroluminescent light emitting body, and thus, for example, the illuminating device of the present invention is attached to a curved wall surface, and a specific direction from the curved wall surface. This is particularly effective when the direction in which light is to be actively illuminated differs within the plane of the lighting device, such as when the lighting device of the present invention has a large area.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an illumination device including a plurality of optical member switching means included in the composite optical member. This illuminating device 30E has the EL light emitter 10 and an optical member 20H provided on the EL light emitter. In the optical member 20H, two or more kinds of optical members for condensing or deflecting light are arranged in the in-plane direction. This illuminating device 30E is a device provided with switching means that can move the optical member 20H in the in-plane direction (arrow direction in the figure) to freely switch the two or more types of optical members on the surface of the EL light emitter. is there.

  In this case, the optical member 20H is in the form of a windable sheet or film, and both ends in the longitudinal direction are wound around rolls 27 and 28 having a winding / sending function. When the rolls 27 and 28 having the winding / sending function are driven in synchronization, two or more kinds of optical members arranged in the longitudinal direction of the optical member 20H for condensing or deflecting light are exchanged. And can be switched freely on the surface of the EL light emitter. The illumination device 30E having such switching means has an effect that the direction in which the illumination light is actively irradiated can be controlled without changing the installation position of the EL light emitter. Reference numeral 29 denotes a pressing guide roller, and reference numeral 70 denotes a base member on which the EL light emitter is installed. In this case, the switching means can be exemplified by a slide means that slides two or more types of optical members in a predetermined order. As a more specific example, a slide that slides lens films having different vertex angles as a series of roll states. Means are mentioned.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the optical member provided in the above-described lighting devices 30A to 30E of the present invention and the above-described composite optical member be detachable. By making it detachable, there is an advantage that the object can be achieved by removing the optical member when it is desired to illuminate a relatively wide area. The specific means for making it detachable is not particularly limited, but an EL member is interposed between an EL light emitter and a transparent base material (a substrate made of a transparent resin such as a glass substrate or polycarbonate), and EL illumination. It can be made detachable by installing a frame on the outer periphery of the apparatus and holding it. Furthermore, you may bond directly to EL light-emitting body using the adhesive which can be exfoliated ex post. This method is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity because rework is possible even when a bubble bite, dust bite or the like occurs when the optical member is bonded to the EL light emitter.

  Similarly to the above, the illumination device of the present invention can preferably include a composite optical member in which the various optical members described above are combined in the in-plane direction. For example, a condensing member that mainly condenses the light shown in FIGS. 6A, 6C, and 6D, a deflecting member that mainly deflects the light shown in FIG. 6B, and the like. It is selected from two or more kinds of condensing members having different condensing degrees, two or more kinds of deflecting members having different degrees of light deflection, and a light condensing deflecting member that deflects the light at the same time as the light is condensed. Illumination configured to include two or more types of optical members, and comprising switching means capable of freely switching the two or more types of optical members on the light emitting surface of the electroluminescent light emitter. An apparatus can be preferably provided. Such an illuminating device can freely switch between EL light emitters in which two or more kinds of optical members of different modes are arranged in the in-plane direction. Therefore, by switching these optical members, the light irradiation direction and luminance can be changed according to the scene. Can be changed freely. In this case, if a slide unit that slides two or more types of optical members in a predetermined order is employed as the switching unit, the direction in which light is desired to be illuminated can be changed seamlessly and continuously.

  FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an installation example in which the lighting device of the present invention is used for various purposes. FIG. 9A shows an example in which a flat panel lighting device 30 for illuminating the feet is attached to a wall surface (attachment 50) near the floor surface 51 of the hallway. Such an illuminating device 30 can efficiently shine light mainly on the floor surface, and an observer (a person who passes through the corridor) does not feel dazzling.

  FIG. 9B shows an example in which the flat panel lighting device 30 is attached to a wall surface (attachment 50) near the ceiling 52. The illumination device 30 in this case is designed to mainly illuminate the ceiling direction, and functions as indirect illumination. Therefore, soft illumination light can be obtained without the observer feeling dazzling.

  FIG. 9C shows an example in which the panel-shaped lighting device 30 is attached to the ceiling surface 53 of the aircraft. The illuminating device 30 in this case is a so-called reading lamp, and is formed by combining an EL light emitter portion that can be turned on and off for each directional seat 54 and an optical member that can actively illuminate the directional seat 54. Since such an illuminating device 30 is panel-shaped, it can ensure high designability in an aircraft.

  FIG. 9D shows an example in which the lighting device of the present invention is applied to a headlight of an automobile. The illustrated example shows a combination lamp 55 on the left side of the front of the automobile as viewed from the driver side. Reference numeral 56 denotes a direction indicator. Due to the design of automobiles, the headlamps are often curved. On the other hand, it is necessary to illuminate mainly the traveling direction of the automobile due to the nature as a headlamp. By applying the curved illumination device 31 according to the present invention as such a headlamp, the front direction can be efficiently illuminated. In this case, it is preferable that the main irradiation direction is continuously varied by the optical member, particularly from the relationship between the curvature of the headlamp and the direction in which the headlight is desired to be illuminated.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[Example 1]
A transparent electrode substrate was obtained by forming an ITO film having a thickness of 100 nm on a glass substrate of 25 mm × 75 mm × 1.1 mm by a vapor deposition method. This substrate was ultrasonically cleaned in isopropyl alcohol for 10 minutes, then dried in dry nitrogen, and then UV ozone cleaned. A hole injection transport layer was formed on this transparent electrode substrate. The hole injecting and transporting layer is formed by first placing a transparent electrode substrate on a holder in a vapor deposition apparatus, and N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1 on a resistance heating boat. , 1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (TPD) is added, and 200 mg of 4,4′-bis (2,2′-diphenylvinyl) biphenyl (DPVBi) is added to another resistance heating boat, Furthermore, PAVBi is put in another resistance heating boat, the vacuum chamber is depressurized to 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa, and then the TPD-containing boat is heated to 215 ° C. to 220 ° C. to deposit TPD at a deposition rate of 0.1 to 0.3 nm. A hole injection transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm was formed on the transparent electrode substrate at a rate of / sec. The substrate temperature at this time was room temperature.

Next, a boat containing DPVBi was heated on the hole injecting and transporting layer without taking it out of the vacuum chamber, thereby vapor-depositing a first light emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm. At this time, the PAVBi boat was heated at the same time, and PAVBi was contained in the first light emitting layer in a proportion of 3.0 mol%. After that, the vacuum chamber is returned to atmospheric pressure, 200 mg of 8-hydroxyquinoline / aluminum complex (Alq) is newly added to the resistance heating boat, and rubrene (Aldrich) is added to another resistance heating boat, and the vacuum chamber is again added. The pressure was reduced to 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa, and then the Alq-containing boat was heated to form a second light emitting layer having a thickness of 20 nm. At the same time, the rubrene boat was heated and contained in the second light emitting layer at a ratio of 0.5 mol%. After that, the vacuum chamber is returned to atmospheric pressure, 1 g of magnesium ribbon is put into a resistance heating boat, 500 mg of silver wire is put into a tungsten basket, the vacuum chamber is depressurized to 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa, and then magnesium is deposited. A cathode having a thickness of 150 nm made of a mixed metal was formed by simultaneously depositing 1.4 nm / second and silver at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second.

  The fluorescence peak wavelengths of the organic compounds used were DPVBi (solid): 465 nm, PAVBi (solid): 463 nm, Alq (solid): 500 nm, and rubrene (dimethylformamide 0.1 wt% solution): 585 nm. The structural formula of PAVBi is shown below.

  Next, an optical member 20 for improving the front luminance was produced. As such an optical member 20, an optical film member having a thickness of 300 μm, in which a large number of rectangular lenses 21 extending in one direction and having an isosceles cross section as shown in FIG. This rectangular lens 21 has isosceles sides having an apex angle α of 90 °, a pitch of 100 μm, and a lens height of 70 μm. The thickness of the optical film is the height from the bottom surface to the apex angle α when FIG.

  The cathode side of the obtained EL luminous body 10 and the flat surface side (opposite the lens side) of the optical member 20 were overlapped to produce the illumination device of Example 1.

[Example 2]
In Example 1, the same optical film member was stacked on the used optical film member so that the ridgelines of the rectangular lens 21 were orthogonal to each other, and the illumination device was configured in the same manner as in Example 1. The lighting device of Example 2 was produced.

[Example 3]
In Example 1, instead of the optical member used, an optical member formed by arranging a large number of sawtooth-shaped rectangular lenses 22 in the form shown in FIG. 6B was used in the same manner as in Example 1. The lighting device of Example 2 was produced. The optical member used here is an optical film member having a thickness of 100 μm in which a large number of prism-shaped rectangular lenses 22 extending in one direction and having a saw blade shape in cross section are arranged, and the rectangular lens 22 has an apex angle α. Is 100 °, the pitch is 112 μm, and the lens height is 16 μm.

[Example 4]
In Example 1, a lighting device of Example 4 was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the hologram sheet having the mode shown in FIG. 10 was used instead of the optical member used. The optical member used here is a hologram sheet, and was prepared by preparing a film having a volume hologram layer made of a photosensitive material and recording a transmission volume hologram on the volume hologram layer of the film. . Specifically, the thickness after drying the photosensitive material of the following composition ink on Lumirror T60 (trade name of untreated PET film manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) as a supporting substrate having a thickness of 50 μm. The film was applied so as to have a thickness of 13 μm, and then dried to form a volume hologram layer, and a film composed of Lumirror T60 / volume hologram layer was produced.

<Composition ink>
-Polymethylmethacrylate resin (molecular weight 200,000) ... 70 parts by mass-In the following general formula, R ⁵ = H, R ⁶ = p-biphenylmethylylene group, m = n = 1 ... 150 parts by mass Diethyl-3'-carboxymethyl-2,2'-thiacarbocyanine, iodine salt ... 0.6 parts by massDiphenyliodonium-trifluoromethanesulfonate ... 6 parts by mass1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether ... 80 parts by mass Solvent (n-butanol: methyl isobutyl ketone = 1: 1) 390 parts by mass

In the formula, R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R ⁶ represents a p-biphenylylmethylylene group or a fluorenylidene group, A represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, m and n are each 1 or more, and m + n is 2. It is a number in the range of 0 to 8.0.

  A laser beam having a wavelength of 514 nm was used for recording the diffraction layer on the produced film. For recording, ground glass having a roughness of # 1000 and a size of 500 mm × 500 mm was used as a transmission type diffusion plate in the arrangement shown in FIG. The transmissive diffusion plate was arranged so as to face a volume hologram layer having a size of 300 × 300 mm and spaced apart by 430 mm, and scattered light as object light was incident to produce a diffraction layer. The produced diffraction layer (transmission type volume hologram) was incident at 30 ° and diffracted at 0 °, and had a diffusion angle of ± 30 ° at the center. In this embodiment, diffusibility is given to the hologram sheet, but the same effect can be obtained even if the hologram sheet has no diffusibility. In this case, it can be realized by using both the object light and the reference light as parallel light without using the ground glass.

[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, a lighting device of Comparative Example 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a transparent film having a thickness of 50 μm on which no lens or the like was formed was used instead of the optical member used.

[Evaluation and results]
Distribution of light emitted from the illumination devices of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 (light emission distribution) was measured. With respect to the distribution of emitted light, luminance measurement in all azimuth angle directions and luminance measurement in all pole angle directions were performed using EZ contrast 160R manufactured by ELDIM, and the results are shown in FIGS. In each figure, the upper row shows the luminance measurement results in all azimuth angle directions, and the lower row shows the luminance measurement results in all polar angle directions at azimuth angles of 0 ° and 90 °. It can be seen that the front luminance is significantly improved in the results of Examples 1 to 4 compared to the result of Comparative Example 1 in which no optical member is used (see FIG. 15). Even in the visual evaluation, it was confirmed that the luminance was improved when observed from the front, and as the viewing angle was increased, it was confirmed that the luminance was drastically reduced as compared with the case of Comparative Example 1. It was.

  FIG. 11 is a result of luminance measurement obtained from the illumination device of Example 1. As a result of Example 1, the luminance in the normal direction of the EL light emitter 10 is relatively larger than the luminance in the direction other than the normal direction.

  FIG. 12 shows the results of luminance measurement obtained from the illumination device of Example 2. Compared with the result of Example 1, it was confirmed that the ratio of luminance between the normal direction of the EL light emitter 10 and the other directions was further increased. These results indicate that the directivity in the normal direction of the light emitted from the EL light emitter 10 is high, and the selectivity is further increased.

  FIG. 13 is a result of luminance measurement obtained from the illumination device of Example 3. The results of Example 3 are different from the results of Examples 1 and 2, in which the brightest area is shifted to the right. That is, it can be seen that the brightest area in the horizontal direction is shifted from the normal line of the EL light emitter 10 in the direction of an angle of 10 °.

  FIG. 14 is a result of luminance measurement obtained from the illumination device of Example 4. The result of Example 4 is also different from the results of Examples 1 and 2, and the area that is relatively brightest is shifted to the right. In addition, since such a hologram sheet can adjust the diffraction direction according to the angle of the refractive index grating, there is an advantage that the angle can be adjusted as necessary. The shift angle can be changed.

  FIG. 15 is a result of luminance measurement obtained from the illumination device of Comparative Example 1 in which no optical member is provided.

  From the above results, the illumination device of the present invention has the effect of further increasing the absolute luminance of the brightest part as shown in Examples 1 and 2, and the luminance does not change as shown in Examples 3 and 4. There are two modes of effect that change the direction of the bright area. In addition, although both the comparative example 1 and the example 1 have high front luminance, the illumination device of the comparative example 1 has a wide diffusion angle, whereas the illumination device of the example 1 has the highest luminance. The direction is selectively controlled by the center side.

It is typical sectional drawing which shows an example of the illuminating device of this invention. It is typical sectional drawing which shows another example of the illuminating device of this invention. It is typical sectional drawing which shows an example of the EL light-emitting body for area color illumination. It is typical sectional drawing which shows an example of the EL light-emitting body for full-color illumination. It is typical sectional drawing which shows an example of an inorganic EL light-emitting body. It is a typical perspective view which shows the some example of the optical member which can comprise the illuminating device of this invention. It is an example of installation of the illuminating device provided with the composite type optical member. It is typical sectional drawing which shows an example of the illuminating device provided with the switching means of the some optical member with which a composite type optical member is provided. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example of installation which the illuminating device of this invention used for various uses. It is a layout view when recording on a diffraction layer (transmission type volume hologram). It is a measurement result of the emitted light distribution of the illuminating device of Example 1. It is a measurement result of the emitted light distribution of the illuminating device of Example 2. It is a measurement result of the emitted light distribution of the illuminating device of Example 3. It is a measurement result of the emitted light distribution of the illuminating device of Example 4. It is a measurement result of the emitted light distribution of the illuminating device of Comparative Example 1.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1 'Base material 2 EL laminated body 3, 3' Electrode 4 (4R, 4G, 4B), 4 'Light emitting layer 5, 5' Electrode 6 Protective layer 7 Adhesive layer 8 Color filter 9 Transparent base material 10 (10A, 10B, 10C) EL light emitter 11 (11R, 11G, 11B) Light emission 12 (12R, 12G, 12B) Light 14 Partition 16 Thick film dielectric layer 17, 18 Thin film dielectric layer 19 Electrode protective layer 20 (20A-20G) Optical member 20A Condensing member 20B Deflection member 21, 22 Rectangular lens 23 Cylindrical lens 24 Lens 28 Winding / sending function roll 29 Guide roll 30 (30A to 30D) Illuminating device 50 Mounted object 51 Floor surface 60 Person 61 Holographic photosensitive material 62 Transmission scattering plate 63 Illumination light 64 Object light (scattered light)
66 Object light (parallel light)
67 Reference light (parallel light)
θ Angle with EL emitter surface α Vertical angle β Left base angle γ Right base angle

Claims (8)

An illuminating device having an electroluminescent illuminant as a light source and an optical member that controls light emitted from the electroluminescent illuminant, and the direction in which light is actively illuminated is different in the plane,
The optical member includes a condenser member for mainly condensing the direction of light exhibiting substantially the highest intensity among the light emitted with a predetermined luminance distribution from the electroluminescent light emitting element, the deflection of primarily deflect the light A combination of two or more types selected from a member, two or more types of the deflecting members having different degrees of deflection of the light, and a condensing deflecting member that deflects the light simultaneously.
The illumination device, wherein the two or more optical members are arranged in an in-plane direction of the electroluminescence light emitter . And a switching means which can be switched freely the two or more optical elements on the light emitting surface of the electroluminescent light emitting element lighting device according to claim 1. The condensing member and / or the deflecting member is detachable, the lighting device according to claim 1 or 2.   The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the light collecting member is an optical member on which a minute lens or prism is formed. The deflection member is a fine lens, an optical member for prism or hologram is formed, the lighting device according to any one of claims 1-4. Light condensed by the condensing member is a light that is deflected in existing lighting device according to any one of claims 1-5. The light deflected by the deflecting member is a light condensed on the existing lighting device according to any one of claims 1-6. The light collected by the light collecting member is light that has already been deflected by the deflecting member,
The condensing member is an optical member on which a minute lens or prism is formed,
Condensing member for condensing light, two or more kinds of condensing members with different degrees of light condensing, a deflecting member for deflecting light, two or more kinds of deflecting members with different degrees of light deflection, and condensing light A combination of two or more optical members selected from condensing deflecting members that deflect at the same time,
The lighting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the two or more optical members are arranged in an in-plane direction of the electroluminescence light emitter.

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