JP5186813B2 - Bonding quality judgment method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

The present invention, the joint portion between the first Metals workpiece and second metals workpiece aligned at predetermined superposition allowance, pressure, the bonding quality of the bonding parts is a ring mash bonding energized, the non-destructive The present invention relates to a bonding quality determination method and apparatus for determining the connection quality.

Conventionally, the joining quality determination method and apparatus of the above-described example are disclosed in Patent Document 1.
That is, the first metals work with an opening of the annular (for example, a drum portion of the clutch drum of an automatic transmission), the second metals workpiece having a slightly larger outer section than the opening (e.g., the boss portion of the clutch drum of an automatic transmission), and aligned at predetermined superposition allowance energizes the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece pressurized state between the upper and lower electrodes, In what performs the ring mash welding of the said opening part which is a junction part, and the said external shape part,
The displacement state of the upper electrode in the pressurizing direction at the time of joining is detected by a displacement detecting means such as a displacement measuring sensor, and the quality of the joining is judged.

  At this time, the quality of the joint quality is determined by comparing the displacement waveform measured by the displacement detection means such as the above-described displacement measurement sensor with the normal displacement waveform and determining whether or not they match.

Further, the ring mash bonding described above, KoKa pressure Ryokin genus work, a large current is applied, the metal workpiece is softened by the resistance heat generation, joining with the plastic flow is performed by an oxide film on the surface flow material Since these new surfaces are bonded by solid phase diffusion bonding, higher bonding strength can be obtained compared to other bonding methods.

However, the conventional bonding quality determination method and apparatus have the following problems.
In other words, the upper electrode and the lower electrode generate heat due to repeated bonding, and both electrodes thermally expand due to temperature rise, but the determination of the bonding quality is performed by detecting the displacement of the upper electrode in the pressurizing direction. In addition, the measurement level in the pressurization direction of the upper and lower electrodes fluctuates due to thermal expansion, and a measurement error occurs. Precise waveform determination cannot be performed, and if the error is large, the bonding quality OK product is mistaken for an NG product. In contrast, there is a problem in that it is difficult to accurately determine whether or not the bonding dimensions are good.
JP 2006-898 A

Accordingly, the present invention is a temperature change of at least one electrode of the upper electrode and the lower electrode corresponding to the junction of the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece is measured, the pressure direction due to the temperature change of the electrode based on the thermal expansion amount, and corrects the displacement values in the pressing direction of the upper electrode, the bonding quality of Ryokin genus workpiece by determining bond quality by correcting the displacement value may in particular accuracy the quality of the joint dimensions It is an object of the present invention to provide a bonding quality determination method and apparatus capable of determination.

Bond quality determination method according to the invention, the first metals workpiece having an opening, the second metals workpiece having a slightly larger outer section than the opening, the alignment at predetermined superposition allowance , by energization in a state in which the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece pressurized with upper and lower electrodes, bonding the said opening and the outer portion is a joining portion, the upper electrode at the time of bonding in the joining quality determination method for determining bond quality the displacement state is detected and in the pressure direction, by measuring the temperature change of at least one electrode of the upper electrode and the lower electrode corresponding to the junction of the Ryokin genus workpiece The displacement value of the upper electrode in the pressurizing direction is corrected based on the amount of thermal expansion in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the electrode, and the joining quality is determined based on the corrected displacement value.
The first metals work described above may be set to the drum unit called clutch hub of the clutch drum of the automatic transmission, the second metals work described above, the boss called hub sleeve of the clutch drum of the automatic transmission It may be set.

According to the above configuration, the upper electrode and the corresponding junction of the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece, a temperature change of at least one of the electrodes of the lower electrode is measured, the pressure with a change in temperature of the electrode Based on the amount of thermal expansion in the direction, the displacement value of the upper electrode in the pressurizing direction is corrected, and the bonding quality is determined based on the corrected displacement value, so the displacement state of the upper electrode in the pressurizing direction is accurately detected. it can be, joint quality of Ryokin genus workpiece, in particular it is possible to accurately determine the quality of the junction dimensions.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the correction value is calculated based on the amount of thermal expansion in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the electrode, and the actual displacement value in the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode is corrected with the correction value. After that, the bonding quality is determined by comparing the corrected displacement actual measurement value with a preset criterion value.
The above-described determination reference value can be a reference value having an allowable vertical range for a correct waveform (master waveform) obtained experimentally under room temperature conditions.

According to the above configuration, the actual displacement value in the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode is corrected with the above correction value, so that the correction process can be facilitated, and the displacement state of the upper electrode in the pressurizing direction can be achieved. Can be correctly corrected so as not to be affected by the thermal expansion of the electrode.
That is, the above correction value can be easily calculated from the linear expansion coefficient (known number) of the material constituting the electrode, the total height (known number) of the electrode in the pressing direction, and the electrode temperature (measured value). Therefore, the correction process can be easily performed.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature change between the upper electrode and the lower electrode is measured, and the correction value is calculated based on the amount of thermal expansion in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the upper and lower electrodes. is there.

According to the above configuration, the temperature change of both the upper and lower electrodes is directly measured, and after calculating the correction value, the displacement measurement value in the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode is corrected with the correction value. pressurizing the displacement state of the pressure direction further can be detected accurately, it is possible to further accurately determine the bond quality, especially quality of bonding size of Ryokin genus workpiece.

In one embodiment of the invention, disposed adjacent to the lower electrode, with positioning the first metals workpiece in contact with the first metals workpiece, the temperature of the conductive locating member which leak junction current the change is measured, it is to determine the junction dimensional change of the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece based on a difference in thermal expansion amount of the pressure direction due to the temperature change of the lower electrode and the conductive locating member .
According to the above configuration, it is possible to measure and determine the amount of thermal expansion of the lower electrode, the bonding size of the Ryokin genus workpiece based on a difference between the thermal expansion of the conductive locating member (so-called assembly step).

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the after separating the said conductive locating member from a first metals work, through the both electrodes of the vertical flow of tempering current to the junction, when the tempering for current application The displacement actual measurement value of the upper electrode in the pressurizing direction is corrected with the correction value, and the final bonding quality is determined based on the corrected displacement actual measurement value.

The above configuration has the following effects. That is, when the ring mash bonding, the joint Ryokin genus workpiece after being heated rapidly by a large current, for example, is rapidly cooled by the cooling water in the electrode, at least one of the first and second each gold genus workpiece Meanwhile Is made of high carbon steel, the above-mentioned joint is quenched, so that the joint can be tempered using the same electrode as the joint, and the toughness of the joint can be improved. In this case, since the final bonding quality is determined based on the corrected displacement actual measurement value, the quality determination as the final product can be performed.

Joint quality determination apparatus according to the present invention, the first metals workpiece having an opening, the second metals workpiece having a slightly larger outer section than the opening, the alignment at predetermined superposition allowance , by energization in a state in which the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece pressurized with upper and lower electrodes, bonding the said opening and the outer portion is a joining portion, the upper electrode at the time of bonding In the joining quality judging device for judging the joining quality by detecting the displacement state in the pressurizing direction, the displacement detecting means for detecting the displacement state of the upper electrode in the pressurizing direction at the time of joining, and the first and second at least one of a temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature change of the electrode, the pressing direction with a change in temperature of the electrode measured by the temperature measuring means heat the Ryokin genus workpiece upper and lower electrodes corresponding to the junction Based on the amount of expansion, pressurize the upper electrode The displacement value is corrected, is obtained and a joining quality judging means for judging bond quality by correcting the displacement value.

According to the above arrangement, the displacement detector detects a displacement state of the pressing direction of the upper electrode at the time of bonding, the temperature measuring means, corresponding to the junction of the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece The temperature change of at least one of the upper electrode and the lower electrode is measured, and the bonding quality determination means is based on the amount of thermal expansion in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the electrode measured by the temperature measurement means described above. The displacement value in the pressurizing direction is corrected, and the bonding quality is determined based on the corrected displacement value.

Thus, since determining the bond quality by correcting the displacement value, it is possible to accurately detect the displacement state of the pressing direction of the upper electrode, the bonding quality of Ryokin genus workpiece, especially quality of the joint dimensions It can be determined with high accuracy.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature measuring means is configured to measure a temperature change between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and the bonding quality determining means is added according to the temperature change of the upper and lower electrodes. Based on the amount of thermal expansion in the pressure direction, the displacement value in the pressure direction of the upper electrode is corrected.

According to the above configuration, the temperature measurement means directly measures the temperature change of the upper and lower electrodes, and the joining quality determination means determines whether the upper electrode of the displacement value to the pressure direction is corrected, so determining the bond quality by the corrected displacement values, it is possible to detect the displacement state of the pressing direction of the upper electrode more accurately, Ryokin genus workpiece Therefore, it is possible to determine the quality of the bonding, particularly the quality of the bonding dimension, with higher accuracy.

In one embodiment of the invention, it disposed adjacent to the lower electrode comprises a conductive locating member which leak junction current with contact with the first metals workpiece positioning the first metals workpiece, the joint quality determination means to determine a junction dimensional change of the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece based on a difference in thermal expansion amount of the pressure direction due to the temperature change of the lower electrode and the conductive locating member It is configured.
According to the above configuration, it is possible to measure and determine the amount of thermal expansion of the lower electrode, the bonding size of the Ryokin genus workpiece based on a difference between the thermal expansion of the conductive locating member (so-called assembly step).

According to the present invention, a temperature change of at least one electrode of the upper electrode and the lower electrode corresponding to the junction of the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece is measured, the pressure direction due to the temperature change of the electrode based on the thermal expansion amount, determined by correcting the displacement value of the pressing direction of the upper electrode, the bonding quality of Ryokin genus workpiece so determine bond quality by correcting the displacement value may in particular accuracy the quality of the joint dimensions There is an effect that can be done.

Joint quality of thermal expansion due Ryokin genus work by eliminating the influence of the electrodes, the object of determining particularly well the acceptable bonding dimensional accuracy, the first metals workpiece having an opening, slightly above the opening the second metals workpiece having a large outer portion, and the alignment at predetermined superposition margin, by energization in a state in which the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece pressurized with upper and lower electrodes In the bonding quality determination method and apparatus for determining the bonding quality by bonding the opening and the outer shape which are bonding sites, and detecting the displacement state of the upper electrode during the bonding in the pressurizing direction. measuring a temperature change of at least one electrode of the upper electrode and the lower electrode corresponding to the junction of Ryokin genus workpiece, based on the thermal expansion amount of the pressure direction due to the temperature change of the electrode, the pressurization of the upper electrode Correct the displacement value in the direction, and the corrected displacement value More determined bond quality was realized by configuration in.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing the entire ring mash joining apparatus 1 including the joining quality judgment apparatus of this embodiment. This ring mash joining apparatus 1 is mounted on the installation base 2 at the front part of the apparatus. A pair of left and right frame bodies 3, 3 extending in the vertical direction, a joining base 4 provided inside the apparatus, a slide rail 5 extending in the left-right direction on the joining base 4, and a left and right movement on the slide rail 5, respectively. Two lower electrodes 6, 6, an upper electrode 7 provided above and movable in the vertical direction, a pressure cylinder 8 for biasing the upper electrode 7, and the upper electrode 7 A wiring cable 9 for supplying electric current to the lower electrode 6 and a conductive cable that is arranged adjacent to the lower electrode 6 and contacts the first work to be described later to position the first work and leak the bonding current. As a member Operation of the stopper electrode 10, an actuator 11 (see FIG. 2) that moves the stopper electrode 10 relative to the lower electrode 6, a waveform determination device 12 that monitors and determines the displacement waveform of the upper electrode 7, and the operation of the joining device 1 An operation panel 13 is provided.

Although only one lower electrode 6 may be provided, in this embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the two lower electrodes 6 and 6 can be used alternately for improving workability. That is, either using one of the lower electrode 6 right and left to set the workpiece W1, W2 will be described later in this, with the the lower electrode 6 is positioned at the center, the lower electrode 6 and upper electrode 7 thereof Is used to perform the joining and the subsequent tempering process, which will be described in detail later, while removing the treated workpieces W1 and W2 and setting new workpieces W1 and W2 from the other lower electrode 6 during the treatment. Thus, the lower electrodes 6 and 6 are alternately used.

  FIG. 2 is a system diagram of a ring mash joining apparatus including a joining quality judgment apparatus. As shown in FIG. 2, the lower electrode 6 and the upper electrode 7 are both formed of a cylindrical conductor, and the lower electrode When the upper electrode 7 is positioned above the upper electrode 7, the upper electrode 7 is lowered and raised so that the lower electrode 6 approaches and separates.

First work (first Metal work) W1 of the two workpieces W1, W2 to be joined by the respective electrodes 6, 7 has been constructed by press-forming in advance a metal plate, the first work W1 is For example, it is a cylindrical clutch hub which is an automatic transmission component, and has a flange portion 14 on the inner peripheral side of one end portion thereof, and has an opening portion 15 on the inner side of the flange portion 14. The second workpiece (second metals workpiece) W2 has been configured into a cylindrical shape in advance by hot forging, the second work W2 is a cylindrical sleeve, for example automatic transmission parts The flange portion 16 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the one end portion, and the outer portion 17 (see FIG. 3) of the flange portion 16 is formed in advance slightly larger than the opening portion 15 of the flange portion 14 of the first workpiece W1.

The inner peripheral end of the flange portion 14 of the first workpiece W1, that is, the opening portion 15, and the outer peripheral end of the flange portion 16 of the second workpiece W2, that is, the outer shape portion 17, serve as joint portions. When joining, the flange portion 16 of the second workpiece W2 is placed on the upper surface of the lower electrode 6, and the second workpiece W2 has a predetermined overlap margin OL (see FIG. 3) at the joining portion. In a state where the first workpiece W1 is overlaid, alignment is performed, and both the workpieces W1, W2 are set on the lower electrode 6.

  When the workpieces W1 and W2 are set on the lower electrode 6 as described above, the upper surface of the lower electrode 6 comes into contact with the vicinity of the joining portion of the second workpiece W2, and when the upper electrode 7 is lowered, The lower surface of the electrode 7 is configured to come into contact with the vicinity of the joining portion of the first workpiece W1.

The stopper electrode 10 as the conductive positioning member is made of a conductor such as chrome copper or beryllium copper, has a cylindrical shape surrounding the lower electrode 6, and is spaced apart radially outward from the lower electrode 6. In this embodiment, it is divided into two semi-cylindrical portions 10a and 10b.
The stopper electrode 10 is a bonding position where the inner peripheral surface and the lower surface thereof are in contact with the lower electrode 6 during ring mash bonding. In this state, the upper surface of the stopper electrode 10 is slightly above the upper surface of the lower electrode 6. It is located and faces the flange portion 14 of the first workpiece W1.

The portions 10a and 10b of the stopper electrode 10 are connected to actuators 11 and 11 as driving means, respectively. In this embodiment, the actuator 11 is composed of an air cylinder, and the portions 10a and 10b are attached to the tip of a piston rod 18 that can be projected and retracted from the cylinder body via a rubber 19 for insulating and floating support.
A positioning portion 20 for positioning the second workpiece W2 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the lower electrode 6.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the ring mash joining apparatus 1 including the joining quality judgment apparatus is configured to apply a pressurizing direction (lowering in the drawing) of the upper electrode 7 when the opening 15 and the outer portion 17 are joined by pressurization and energization. Temperature change of the upper electrode 7 corresponding to the joint part (see the opening part 15 and the external part 17) of both the workpieces W1 and W2 as a displacement detecting means for detecting the displacement state in the direction). As a temperature measurement means for measuring the temperature change of the lower electrode 6 corresponding to the joint part (refer to the opening part 15 and the outer part 17) of both the workpieces W1 and W2 as a temperature measurement means for measuring temperature The non-contact thermometer 23 and the lower electrode 6 are arranged adjacent to each other, position the first work W1 in contact with the first work W1, and change the temperature of the stopper electrode 10 that leaks the junction current. A non-contact thermometer 24 as a temperature measuring means to be determined, an activation switch 25 for activating the apparatus 1, an actuator driving unit 26 for driving an air cylinder as the actuator 11, and an energization circuit 27 for the upper and lower electrodes 7, 6. And.

  The CPU 30 as the control device drives the actuator 11 via the actuator drive unit 26 according to the program stored in the ROM (not shown) based on the signal input of the start switch 25, and also via the energization circuit 27. A large current is supplied and controlled to both the upper and lower electrodes 7 and 6 (in this embodiment, electricity is supplied from the upper electrode 7 side). Further, the pressurizing cylinder 8 (see FIG. 1) is driven through an actuator driving unit (not shown).

Further, the waveform determination device 12 is a displacement state in the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode 7 detected by the non-contact laser displacement meter 21 (a displacement waveform in which time is taken on the horizontal axis and the amount of displacement of the upper electrode 7 is taken on the vertical axis). Are monitored and determined.
Further, the CPU 30 and / or the waveform determination device 12 described above also serves as a joining quality determination means (see the routine R1 including steps S4, S12, and S13, particularly steps S12 and S13 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 5). The joining quality determination means R1 moves in the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode 7 based on the amount of thermal expansion in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the electrodes 6, 7, 10 measured by the non-contact thermometers 22, 23, 24. The displacement value (more specifically, the displacement actual measurement value X) is corrected, and the joining quality is determined based on the corrected displacement value (see XY described later).

In this case, the joining quality determining means (routine R1) calculates the correction value Y based on the amount of thermal expansion in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the upper and lower electrodes 7 and 6, and the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode 7 After the actual displacement value X is corrected with the correction value Y (specifically, subtraction processing), the corrected displacement actual value (XY) and a preset criterion value Z (hatched in FIG. 4) The joint quality is determined by comparing with a reference value of a constant level in the range shown by applying.
Further, the above-described joining quality determination means (routine R1) is configured to determine whether the first and second workpieces W1 and W2 are based on the difference in thermal expansion amount in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change between the lower electrode 6 and the stopper electrode 10. A change in the joining dimension (the assembly step ΔH shown in FIGS. 8 and 12) is determined.

  Further, the above-described joining quality determination means (see steps S4, S17, and S18 of the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, particularly the routine R2 including steps S17 and S18) pressurizes the upper electrode 7 during energization of the tempering current. The actual displacement value X in the direction is corrected with the correction value Y, and the final bonding quality as a product is determined based on the corrected displacement actual value (XY).

Here, the above-described determination reference value Z (see FIG. 4) is always constant in an OK range having a vertical allowable width with respect to the master waveform β (see dotted line) as a correct waveform experimentally obtained under room temperature conditions. Level reference value (see hatched area).
Further, the amount of thermal expansion ΔL in the pressurizing direction accompanying the above temperature change (the amount of fluctuation of the height level due to thermal expansion) can be calculated by the following [Equation 1].

となる。 That is, assuming that the material forming both the upper and lower electrodes 7 and 6 is copper, the linear expansion coefficient α of copper is 17.7 μm / m / ° C. and the total height H of the upper and lower electrodes 7 and 6 is assumed to be 250 mm. When the temperature rise ΔT (that is, temperature change) is assumed to be 50 ° C.,

It becomes.

When the dimensional tolerance of the assembly step difference between the drum portion and the boss portion of the clutch drum of the automatic transmission is assumed to be 150 μm, the thermal expansion amount ΔL becomes larger than the dimensional tolerance.
A laser light reflecting plate (not shown) is provided below the upper electrode 7 so as to face the non-contact laser displacement meter 21 described above, and the displacement state of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction by the laser displacement meter 21. A so-called stroke change is detected.

  The joining quality judgment method using the joining quality judgment device configured as described above will be described in detail below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

  In the preparation stage before the processing according to the flowchart of FIG. 5 is started, first, the second workpiece W2 is set on the lower electrode 6, and further, the first workpiece W1 is set on the second workpiece W2. In this case, the first workpiece W1 is aligned with the second workpiece W2 at a predetermined overlap margin OL (see FIG. 3). This alignment is performed manually by the operator.

  When the start switch 25 (see FIG. 2) of the operation panel 13 (see FIG. 1) is turned on in step S1, the CPU 30 drives the non-contact thermometers 22, 23, 24 in the next step S2, and these The surface temperature of the upper electrode 7, the surface temperature of the lower electrode 6, and the surface temperature of the stopper electrode 10 are measured by the non-contact thermometers 22, 23, and 24, respectively.

Next, in step S3 (thermal expansion amount calculating means), the CPU 30 calculates a thermal expansion amount ΔL in the pressurizing direction (vertical direction) from the measured surface temperature of each electrode 6, 7, 10 (the above-mentioned [Expression 1] ]refer.
In step S2, the surface temperature of the upper electrode 7 or the lower electrode 6 is measured using any one of the non-contact thermometers 22 and 23, and in step S3, the thermal expansion amount of the temperature-measured electrode is calculated. At the same time, the amount of thermal expansion of the electrode whose temperature was not measured may be estimated, but the surface temperature of each electrode 6, 7, 10 is measured, and in the step S3, the vertical direction of each electrode 6, 7, 10 (increase) If the amount of thermal expansion in the pressure direction is calculated, a more accurate calculated value can be obtained.

  Next, in step S4, the CPU 30 inputs the calculation result as a correction value Y to the waveform determination device 12.

  Next, in step S5, the CPU 30 drives the pressurizing cylinder 8 constituted by a hydraulic cylinder to lower the upper electrode 7, and in the next step S6, the upper electrode 7 once contacts the first work W1. Wait in state. By providing this waiting period, it is possible to suppress electrode sag and deformation due to the impact of the upper electrode 7 when contacting the first workpiece W1. Note that steps S1 to S6 correspond to the setting step of FIG. In step S6 described above, the displacement measurement of the upper electrode 7 is started by the non-contact laser displacement meter 21.

Next, in step S <b> 7, the CPU 30 starts pressurization of the upper electrode 7. The pressure applied by the pressure cylinder 8 is, for example, 4 . Since it is as high as 3 tons, the materials of the workpieces W1 and W2 are elastically deformed by being compressed. At this time, bonding is not yet performed.

  In step S8, it is determined whether or not there is a displacement that exceeds the amount of elastic deformation of the upper electrode 7. That is, if the upper electrode 7 is displaced so as to exceed the amount of elastic deformation of the workpiece material when the upper electrode 7 is pressurized, it is estimated that there is no or little overlap allowance. It is determined that a simple joining is impossible, and the process moves to step S20, and an NG signal is output to the equipment in step S20.

If it is determined in step S8 that there is no displacement that exceeds the amount of elastic deformation of the upper electrode 7, the process proceeds to the next step S9 to start energization, and ring mash joining is performed by this energization. .
Each of the above steps S7 and S8 corresponds to the pressurizing step of FIG.

When a large current is passed from the wiring cable 9 shown in FIG. 1 to the upper electrode 7 in step S9, the current is supplied to the upper electrode 7, the first work W1, the first work , as shown in FIG. Since the part corresponding to the overlap allowance OL (see FIG. 3) of the first work W1 and the second work W2 flows in the order of the second work W2 and the lower electrode 6, the joint portion U (see FIG. 8) of both the works W1 and W2. ) Is softened by resistance heat generation, bonding is performed while plastic flow occurs, the oxide film on the surface flows, and the new surfaces of the materials are solid-phase diffusion bonded, from the state shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 to FIG. 7 and FIG. It will be in the state shown. That is, the opening 15 of the first workpiece W1 is pushed into the outer shape portion 17 of the second workpiece W2, and diffusion bonding is performed.

  At the time of this joining, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, when the first work W1 is pushed down by the upper electrode 7 and both the works W1 and W2 move relative to each other and reach an appropriate joined state, The first workpiece W1 comes into contact with the upper surface of the stopper electrode 10 located adjacent thereto, whereby the workpieces W1 and W2 are positioned in the relative movement direction, and the joining current is supplied from the first workpiece W1 to the stopper. Leaked to the electrode 10, the current flowing through the joint U between the workpieces W1 and W2 decreases. For this reason, it is avoided that an excessive current flows through the bonding portion U, and deterioration of bonding quality due to generation of sputtering due to the excessive current is prevented.

  In step S10, the non-contact laser displacement meter 21 measures the amount of displacement of the upper electrode 7 during the first energization (energization during bonding), and in the next step S11, determines the waveform using the measured calculation result as the displacement actual measurement value X. Input to device 12.

  In the next step S12, the waveform determination device 12 subtracts the above-described correction value Y from the actual displacement value X (in other words, a calculation process for subtracting the thermal expansion amount of the electrode), and the corrected actual displacement value (XY) after correction. ) Is within the preset judgment reference value Z.

As shown in FIG. 4, when the repetition of the junction upper and lower electrodes 7,6 are thermally expanded, even joint quality OK articles in the upset step, the displacement measured value X is in the drawing As shown in the figure, the value may deviate upward from the determination reference value Z. Therefore, by correcting the displacement actual measurement value X with the correction value Y, the joint quality OK product is not erroneously determined to be NG. I have to.
Similarly, in the case of a joint quality NG product, due to thermal expansion of the upper and lower electrodes 7 and 6, the displacement measurement value X may shift upward so as to fall within the area of the determination reference value Z. By correcting the actual measurement value X with the correction value Y, a joint quality NG product is not erroneously determined to be OK.

Next, in step S13, the waveform determination device 12 determines whether or not the joining quality (particularly, the joining dimension) is OK. When the joining quality is OK (YES judgment), the process proceeds to the next step S14. while outputs an OK signal to the facility, at the time of bonding quality NG (NO determination time), it proceeds to another step S20, and outputs an NG signal to the equipment.

  In the joining end step shown in FIG. 4, since the displacement of the upper electrode 7 is eliminated, the waveform determination device 12 at this point of time, based on the correction value Y described above, the joining dimensions at the end of joining of the first workpiece W1 and the second workpiece W2. ΔH (that is, the assembly step shown in FIG. 8) can be determined.

If the to-ring mash bonding as is completed or, as shown in FIG. 9, it is released pressurized and energization of the upper electrode 7, the upper electrode 7 from the raised to the workpiece W1 with, W2 as shown in FIG. Separate. On the other hand, cooling water (not shown) provided in the electrodes 6 and 7 is supplied with cooling water and rapidly cooled.
In this case, if at least one of the workpieces W1 and W2, for example , the second workpiece W2 is formed of high carbon steel, the second workpiece W2 is rapidly cooled after being rapidly heated by a large current at the time of joining. As a result, the predetermined portion (see the joint portion U) of the second workpiece W2 is quenched, and the toughness is reduced. Therefore, in the following treatment, a current for tempering is supplied to the joint portion U to perform tempering, thereby improving the toughness of the joint portion U.

  As shown in FIG. 10 from the state of FIG. 9, in order to prevent the tempering current from leaking to the stopper electrode 10 prior to energization of the tempering current to the joints U of the workpieces W <b> 1 and W <b> 2. Then, the actuator 11 is driven to retract the stopper electrode 10 from the lower electrode 6 and the first workpiece W1 to a radially outwardly spaced position.

  Next, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the upper electrode 7 descends and presses against the workpieces W1 and W2 while holding the retracted position (separated position) of the stopper electrode 10 and energizes the tempering for tempering. If it carries out, the electric current for temper will be sent through the junction part U of the workpiece | work W1, W2 between the upper and lower electrodes 7,6.

In step S15, the non-contact laser displacement meter 21 measures the amount of displacement of the upper electrode 7 during the second energization (when the tempering current is energized), and in the next step S16, the measured calculation result is used as the displacement actual measurement value X. Input to the waveform determination device 12.
In the next step S17, the waveform determination device 12 subtracts the above-described correction value Y from the displacement actual measurement value X, and whether or not the corrected displacement actual measurement value (XY) is within the preset determination reference value Z. Determine the waveform.

  When the first workpiece W1 moves downward (maximum, moves down a distance corresponding to the assembly step ΔH) when the tempering current is energized among the bonding quality OK products whose bonding quality is determined to be OK in the previous step S13, Since it is an NG product with poor bonding quality, in the next step S18, the waveform determination device 12 determines whether or not the bonding quality (particularly the bonding dimension) at the time of tempering is OK, and when the bonding quality is OK (YES determination). ), The process proceeds to the next step S19 and outputs an OK signal to the equipment. On the other hand, when the joint quality is NG (NO determination), the process proceeds to another step S20 to send an NG signal to the equipment. Is output.

  When the above-described tempering energization is performed for a predetermined time and tempering is completed, the pressurization and tempering current energization to the upper electrode 7 are turned off, the upper electrode 7 is raised, and the stopper electrode 10 is adjacent to the lower electrode 6. The actuator 11 is driven so as to advance to the original position, each element of the ring mash joining apparatus 1 is returned to the normal state before joining, and the workpieces W1, W2 are completed after the series of processing of the above steps S1 to S20. Is removed from the lower electrode 6.

  Further, by repeating the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to automatically determine whether or not the joining quality (particularly the joining dimension) of the workpieces W1 and W2 is acceptable for all the workpieces. Each step of the flowchart shown in FIG. 5 constitutes each means corresponding to the processing content.

  The stopper electrode 10 described above may adopt the structure shown in FIG. That is, the stopper electrode 10 shown in FIG. 13 is integrally or integrally provided with a ring portion 10c for positioning the outer peripheral portion of the first workpiece W1 on the upper portion thereof. If comprised in this way, the operation | work which sets the 1st workpiece | work W1 on the 2nd workpiece | work W2 can be aimed at. In FIG. 13, the same parts as those in the previous figure are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As described above, the bonding quality determination method according to the above embodiment is configured such that the first workpiece W1 having the opening 15 is overlapped with the second workpiece W2 having the outer portion 17 slightly larger than the opening 15 by a predetermined overlay. The opening 15 and the outer shape portion which are joint portions are aligned by a margin OL and energized in a state where the first and second workpieces W1 and W2 are pressurized by the upper electrode 7 and the lower electrode 6. 17, and in the joining quality judgment method for judging the joining quality by detecting the displacement state of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction at the time of joining, the upper part corresponding to the joining part U of both the workpieces W1 and W2 The temperature change ΔT of at least one of the electrode 7 and the lower electrode 6 is measured (see S2), and based on the thermal expansion amount ΔL (see S3) in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change ΔT of the electrode, the upper electrode 7 Displacement value in the pressurizing direction (see displacement measured value X ) Was corrected (see correction value Y, S12), it is to determine the bond quality by correcting the displacement value (see X-Y) (see S13) (FIG. 2, FIG. 3, see FIG. 5).

  According to this configuration, the temperature change ΔT of at least one of the upper electrode 7 and the lower electrode 6 corresponding to the joint portion U of the first and second workpieces W1 and W2 is measured, and the temperature of the electrode is measured. Based on the amount of thermal expansion ΔL in the pressurizing direction accompanying the change ΔT, the displacement value (see the actual displacement value X) of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction is corrected, and the corrected displacement value (see XY) is used. Since the joining quality is determined, the displacement state of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction can be accurately detected, and the joining quality of both the workpieces W1 and W2, particularly the quality of the joining dimension (see assembly step ΔH) is accurately determined. Can be judged well.

  Further, the correction value Y is calculated based on the amount of thermal expansion ΔL in the pressurization direction accompanying the temperature change ΔT of the electrode (see S3), and the displacement displacement measurement value X of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurization direction is calculated as the correction value Y. After correcting (see S12), the displacement actual measurement value (XY) after correction is compared with a preset criterion value Z to determine the joining quality (see routine R1) (see FIG. 4). 4, see FIG.

According to this configuration, since the displacement measurement value X in the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode 7 is corrected by the correction value Y described above, the correction process can be facilitated, and the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode 7 can be facilitated. It is possible to correct the displacement state to the position correctly so as not to be affected by the thermal expansion of the electrodes 6 and 7.
That is, the correction value Y described above includes the linear expansion coefficient (known number) of the material constituting the electrodes 6, 7, the total height (known number) of the electrodes 6, 7 in the pressing direction, and the temperature of the electrodes 6, 7 ( Therefore, the correction process can be easily performed.

Further, the temperature change ΔT between the upper electrode 7 and the lower electrode 6 is measured, and the correction value Y is calculated based on the thermal expansion amount ΔL in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the upper and lower electrodes 6, 7. (See FIGS. 4 and 5).
According to this configuration, the temperature change ΔT of both the upper and lower electrodes 6 and 7 is directly measured, and after calculating the correction value Y, the actual displacement value X in the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode 7 is used as the correction value Y. Therefore, the displacement state of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction can be detected more accurately, and the joining quality of both the workpieces W1 and W2, particularly the joining dimension (see assembly step ΔH). Can be determined with higher accuracy.

In addition, the temperature change of the conductive positioning member (refer to the stopper electrode 10) that is disposed adjacent to the lower electrode 6 and contacts the first work W1 to position the first work W1 and leaks the bonding current. , And based on the difference in the amount of thermal expansion in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the lower electrode 6 and the conductive positioning member (see the stopper electrode 10), the joint dimensions of both the first and second workpieces W1, W2 (See assembly step ΔH) Changes are determined (see FIG. 8).
According to this configuration, based on the difference between the amount of thermal expansion of the lower electrode 7 and the amount of thermal expansion of the conductive positioning member (see the stopper electrode 10), the joint dimensions (so-called assembly step ΔH) of both the workpieces W1, W2 are described. Can be measured and determined.

  Further, after the conductive positioning member (see the stopper electrode 10) is separated from the first work W1, a tempering current is supplied to the joint portion U through the upper and lower electrodes 7 and 6, and the tempering current is supplied. The displacement measurement value X in the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode 7 during energization is corrected (XY) with the correction value Y, and the final joining quality is determined based on the corrected displacement measurement value (XY). The determination is made (see routine R2) (see FIG. 5).

This configuration has the following effects.
That is, at the time of ring mash joining, the joint portion U of both workpieces W1 and W2 is rapidly heated by a large current, and then rapidly cooled with cooling water in the electrodes 6 and 7, for example, so that the joint portion U is quenched. The joint U can be tempered using the same electrodes 6 and 7 as the joint, and the toughness of the joint U can be improved. In this case, based on the corrected displacement actual measurement value (XY). Since the final bonding quality (particularly the bonding dimension) is determined, the quality determination as the final product can be performed.

  Furthermore, the joining quality determination apparatus according to the above-described embodiment is configured such that the second workpiece W2 having the outer shape portion 17 slightly larger than the opening portion 15 is applied to the first workpiece W1 having the opening portion 15 with a predetermined overlap margin OL. And the first and second workpieces W1 and W2 are energized in a state where they are pressurized by the upper electrode 7 and the lower electrode 6, so that the opening 15 and the outer portion 17 which are joint portions are In the joining quality judgment device for judging the joining quality by detecting the displacement state of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction at the time of joining, the displacement state in the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode 7 at the time of joining is detected. And a temperature change of at least one of the upper electrode 7 and the lower electrode 6 corresponding to the joint portion U of the first and second workpieces W1 and W2. Temperature measuring means to measure (non-contact temperature 22 and 23) and the amount of thermal expansion ΔL in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change ΔT of the electrodes (at least one of the electrodes 6 and 7) measured by the temperature measuring means (see the non-contact thermometers 22 and 23). Based on the bonding quality determination means (refer to routine R1) for correcting the displacement value (refer to the displacement actual measurement value X) of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurization direction and determining the bonding quality based on the corrected displacement value (XY). (Refer to FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 5).

According to this configuration, the displacement detecting means (non-contact laser displacement meter 21) detects the displacement state of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction at the time of joining, and temperature measuring means (see non-contact thermometers 22 and 23). Measures the temperature change ΔT of at least one of the upper electrode 7 and the lower electrode 6 corresponding to the joint U of the first and second workpieces W1 and W2, and determines the joining quality judgment means (see routine R1). Is the displacement value (in the pressurizing direction) of the upper electrode 7 based on the thermal expansion amount ΔL in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change ΔT of the electrode measured by the temperature measuring means (non-contact thermometers 22, 23). The displacement quality (refer to the actual displacement value X) is corrected, and the bonding quality is determined based on the corrected displacement value (XY).
In this way, since the joining quality is determined based on the corrected displacement value (XY), the displacement state of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction can be accurately detected, and the joining quality of both the workpieces W1, W2 can be detected. In particular, the quality of the joining dimension (see assembly step ΔH) can be accurately determined.

  The temperature measuring means (refer to the non-contact thermometers 22 and 23) is configured to measure a temperature change ΔT between the upper electrode 7 and the lower electrode 6, and the bonding quality determining means (refer to the routine R1) Based on the amount of thermal expansion ΔL in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change ΔT of the upper and lower electrodes 7 and 6, the displacement value (see the actual displacement value X) of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction is corrected (XY). ) (See FIGS. 2 and 5).

  According to this configuration, the temperature change ΔT of the upper and lower electrodes 7 and 6 is directly measured by the temperature measuring means (non-contact thermometers 22 and 23), and the temperature change ΔT associated with the upper and lower electrodes 7 and 6 is added. Based on the amount of thermal expansion ΔL in the pressure direction, the joining quality determination means (see routine R1) corrects (XY) the displacement value (see displacement actual measurement value X) of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction. Since the bonding quality is determined based on the displacement value (XY), the displacement state of the upper electrode 7 in the pressurizing direction can be detected more accurately, and the bonding quality of both the workpieces W1 and W2, particularly the bonding thereof. The quality of the dimension (see assembly step ΔH) can be determined with higher accuracy.

Furthermore, it is disposed adjacent to the lower electrode 6, and includes a conductive positioning member (see the stopper electrode 10) that contacts the first workpiece W 1 to position the first workpiece W 1 and leaks a bonding current. The quality determination means (see routine R1) is based on the difference between the thermal expansion amounts in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature changes of the lower electrode 6 and the conductive positioning member (see the stopper electrode 10). , W2 (see FIG. 5 and FIG. 8).
According to this configuration, based on the difference between the thermal expansion amount of the lower electrode 6 and the thermal expansion amount of the conductive positioning member (see the stopper electrode 10), the joint dimension (so-called assembly step ΔH) of the workpieces W1 and W2 is determined. Can be measured and determined.

In the correspondence between the configuration of the present invention and the above-described embodiment,
The first metals work of the invention corresponds to the first work W1 embodiment,
Similarly,
Second metals workpiece corresponds to the second work W2,
The conductive positioning member corresponds to the stopper electrode 10,
The displacement detection means corresponds to the non-contact laser displacement meter 21,
The temperature measuring means corresponds to the non-contact thermometer 22, 23, 24,
The joining quality determination means corresponds to the routine R1,
The present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above-described embodiment.
For example, in the above embodiment, the determination reference value Z is not changed, and the displacement actual measurement value X is corrected with the correction value Y (XY). However, instead of this configuration, the determination reference value Z is changed to the correction reference value Z. corrected by the correction value Y is (Z + Y), the corrected determination reference value by comparing the (Z + Y) and the displacement measured values X, joint quality (such Cans rather joint dimension) may be configured to determine .

The schematic front view which shows the whole structure of the joining quality determination apparatus of this invention System diagram showing the main parts of the joint quality judgment device Partial enlarged cross-sectional view showing the overlap allowance Graph showing the displacement state of the upper electrode Flow chart showing joining quality judgment method The principal part expanded sectional view which shows the upper electrode waiting state Expanded cross-sectional view of the main part during ring mash joining Detailed cross-sectional view of the main part of FIG. Expanded cross-sectional view of the main part when the upper electrode is moved upward Expanded cross-sectional view of the main part when the stopper electrode is retracted Enlarged sectional view of the main part during tempering Detailed cross-sectional view of the main part of FIG. Explanatory drawing showing another embodiment of the stopper electrode

6 ... Lower electrode 7 ... Upper electrode 10 ... Stopper electrode (conductive positioning member)
15 ... Opening part 17 ... Outer part 21 ... Non-contact laser displacement meter (displacement detecting means)
22, 23, 24 ... non-contact thermometer (temperature measuring means)
R1 ... joint quality determination unit W1 ... first work (first Metal work)
W2 ... the second work (the second metals work)
U ... Joint OL ... Overlay allowance

Claims (8)

First Metal workpiece having an opening, the second metals workpiece having a slightly larger outer section than the opening, the alignment at predetermined superposition allowance, the first and second Ryokin By energizing the workpiece with the upper electrode and the lower electrode being pressurized, the opening and the outer shape, which are the joining parts, are joined, and the displacement state of the upper electrode during the joining in the pressing direction is changed. In the joining quality judgment method for detecting and judging the joining quality,
The temperature change of at least one electrode of the upper electrode and the lower electrode corresponding to the junction of the Ryokin genus workpiece is measured,
A joining quality determination method for correcting a displacement value of the upper electrode in the pressurizing direction based on a thermal expansion amount in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the electrode and determining the joining quality based on the corrected displacement value. Calculate a correction value based on the amount of thermal expansion in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the electrode,
After correcting the displacement measured value in the pressing direction of the upper electrode with the above correction value,
The joint quality judgment method according to claim 1, wherein the joint quality is judged by comparing the actually measured displacement value after correction and a preset reference value. The bonding quality determination method according to claim 2, wherein the temperature change between the upper electrode and the lower electrode is measured, and the correction value is calculated based on the amount of thermal expansion in the pressurizing direction accompanying the temperature change of the upper and lower electrodes. It is disposed adjacent to the lower electrode, with positioning the first metals workpiece in contact with the first metals workpiece, the junction current to measure the temperature variation of the conductive locating member for leakage, the lower electrode and joining quality determination method of claim 3, wherein determining the junction dimensional change of the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece based on a difference in thermal expansion amount of the pressure direction due to the temperature change of the conductive locating member. After is separated the conductive locating member from a first metals workpiece,
A tempering current is passed through the joint through the upper and lower electrodes,
Correct the measured displacement value in the pressurizing direction of the upper electrode during current application for tempering with the above correction value,
The joining quality judgment method according to claim 4, wherein the final joining quality is judged based on the corrected displacement actual measurement value. First Metal workpiece having an opening, the second metals workpiece having a slightly larger outer section than the opening, the alignment at predetermined superposition allowance, the first and second Ryokin By energizing the workpiece with the upper electrode and the lower electrode being pressurized, the opening and the outer shape, which are the joining parts, are joined, and the displacement state of the upper electrode during the joining in the pressing direction is changed. In the joint quality judgment device that detects and judges the joint quality,
A displacement detecting means for detecting a displacement state of the upper electrode in the pressurizing direction at the time of joining;
A temperature measuring means for measuring a temperature change of at least one electrode of the upper electrode and the lower electrode corresponding to the junction of the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece,
Based on the amount of thermal expansion in the pressurization direction accompanying the temperature change of the electrode measured by the temperature measuring means, the displacement value in the pressurization direction of the upper electrode is corrected, and the joint quality is determined based on the corrected displacement value A joining quality judging device comprising: a judging means; The temperature measuring means is configured to measure a temperature change between the upper electrode and the lower electrode,
The said joining quality determination means is comprised so that the displacement value to the pressurization direction of an upper electrode may be correct | amended based on the amount of thermal expansion of the pressurization direction accompanying the temperature change of the said both upper and lower electrodes. Bonding quality judgment device. Is disposed adjacent to the lower electrode comprises a conductive locating member which leak junction current with contact with the first metals workpiece positioning the first metals workpiece,
The joint quality determination means to determine a junction dimensional change of the first and second Ryokin genus workpiece based on a difference in thermal expansion amount of the pressure direction due to the temperature change of the lower electrode and the conductive locating member The joining quality judgment device according to claim 7 constituted.

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