JP5183313B2 - Permanent magnet rotating electric machine and elevator apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a permanent magnet rotating electric machine and an elevator apparatus using the same.

  In general, as a method for reducing torque pulsation of a permanent magnet rotating electric machine, for example, there is a method disclosed in Patent Document 1. In the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine disclosed in Patent Document 1, in order to reduce torque pulsation, a structure in which the circumferential protrusion width of the tip of the stator salient pole of the stator core is different in the axial direction is formed to reduce leakage magnetic flux. Thus, torque pulsation is reduced. In addition, the protrusion configuration is formed in a structure equivalent to the skew structure, and torque pulsation is further reduced. In these stator cores, in order to form different projection widths in the axial direction, a plurality of types of plate-like magnetic members having different projection shapes are used.

JP 2002-136003 A

  At present, there is a demand for further downsizing of the permanent magnet rotating electric machine. In the maximum torque region, the circumferential protrusion at the tip of the stator salient pole of the stator core causes magnetic saturation, which causes an increase in torque pulsation. Similarly, the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine of Patent Document 1 is also concerned about an increase in torque pulsation due to magnetic saturation in the maximum torque region. Moreover, since a stator core is formed using a plurality of types of steel plates, labor and cost are required. When applied to an elevator hoisting machine, low torque pulsation (1% or less in PP) and low cost are required in a wide range from the rated torque to the maximum torque. It has been demanded.

  A means to solve the problems of the conventional permanent magnet rotating electrical machine, which is an increase in torque pulsation due to the magnetic saturation of the circumferential protrusion at the tip of the stator salient pole of the stator core in the maximum torque range, and the high cost in production Is described. Regarding the problem of torque pulsation, the shape of the stator core that reduces the torque pulsation in the region from the rated torque to the maximum torque by the optimization calculation was calculated, and the circumferential direction of the tip of the stator salient pole of the stator core It has been found that a structure having a small protrusion, which is close to a so-called fully-open slot, contributes to low torque pulsation (PP is 1% or less). However, the fully open slot structure may cause the coil to fall off. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a structure close to a fully open slot provided with coil drop prevention. Therefore, the present invention achieves both low torque pulsation (about 1% in PP) and cost reduction in a wide range from the rated torque to the maximum torque and a permanent magnet that prevents the coil from falling off with a simple configuration. Provide rotating electrical machines.

The present invention provides a stator composed of a stator iron core having stator salient poles, a stator winding housed in a slot formed in the stator iron core, and a plurality of coils arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. In a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine having a permanent magnet and a rotor consisting of a rotor core that forms a magnetic path of magnetic flux by the permanent magnet, the stator core is formed by laminating magnetic members, and a stator salient pole as a salient stator poles that possess a first stator salient poles to have a large projection extending tip circumferential direction and a second stator salient poles having a small protrusion extending to the distal end in the circumferential direction, adjacent The first stator salient pole is provided in the circumferential direction at an interval of a rotation angle n × τs (n is an integer of 3 or more), and the first stator salient pole is provided in the circumferential direction. They are stacked in the axial direction so as to deviate the angle .tau.s, salient stator poles circumferentially adjacent For the opening width in the tip, when the zero slit between the stator salient poles adjacent, and the length is fully opened opening width S between the stator salient poles when no projection, the stator salient poles adjacent The average opening width Sa that is the average length between the protrusions of

であることを特徴とする。

It is characterized by being.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to form a structure close to a fully open slot with one type of plate-like magnetic member, and low torque pulsation in a wide range from rated torque to maximum torque (about 1% at PP). ) And a permanent magnet rotating electric machine that realizes cost reduction (productivity improvement) in the production of the stator core.

  The features of the present invention will be described below.

  A permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to the present invention includes a stator core having stator salient poles, a stator composed of a stator winding housed in a slot formed in the stator core, and an equal interval in the circumferential direction. In a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine having a rotor composed of a plurality of arranged permanent magnets and a rotor core that forms a magnetic path of magnetic flux by the permanent magnet, the stator core is formed by laminating magnetic members. The stator salient pole has a protrusion extending in the circumferential direction at the tip, and with respect to the opening width at the tip between the stator salient poles adjacent in the circumferential direction, the fully open aperture width S and the average aperture width Sa are:

であることを特徴とする。

It is characterized by being.

  Further, the angle between adjacent stator salient poles is τs, and the protrusions on the magnetic member are provided at intervals of a rotation angle n × τs (n is an integer of 3 or more) in the circumferential direction. The ratio of the number of stator salient poles having no protrusion to the number of stator salient poles having is 2 or more.

  Further, in the stator salient poles adjacent to each other, the stator windings are alternately arranged on the outer diameter side or the inner diameter side in the slot, the shape of the permanent magnet is rectangular, and the number of permanent magnets and The combination of the number of slots of the stator is 10 to 12 as a basic unit.

  Further, the magnetic member is a steel plate and is laminated so that the protruding portions do not overlap with each other, and the stator salient poles having the protrusions are laminated with a deviation of the angle τs.

  Furthermore, the permanent magnet rotating electric machine is used for an elevator apparatus.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  First, the basic configuration of the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine will be described with reference to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 showing the configuration of the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine of the first embodiment.

  The permanent magnet rotating electrical machine 1 is rotated by a magnetic action between a stator 2 that generates a rotating magnetic field and the stator 2, and is capable of rotating through an air gap on the outer peripheral side of the stator 2. And a rotor 3 disposed opposite to each other. The configuration of FIG. 1 is referred to as an outer rotation type permanent magnet rotating electric machine.

  On the other hand, the inner-rotor type permanent magnet rotating electric machine includes a stator and a rotor as in the outer rotation type, but the opposing arrangement of the stator and the rotor is reversed, and the rotor is the stator. It is arranged opposite to the stator so as to be rotatable on the inner peripheral side through a gap. Although the embodiment shows an outer rotation type permanent magnet rotating electric machine, the present invention can be similarly applied to an inner rotation type permanent magnet rotating electric machine.

  The stator 2 includes a stator core 4 that forms a magnetic path on the stator side, and a stator winding 5 that generates magnetic flux when energized.

  The stator core 4 includes a cylindrical yoke portion 41 (or a core back portion) and a plurality of protrusions that protrude radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the yoke portion 41 and extend in the axial direction along the outer peripheral surface of the yoke portion 41. A stator salient pole 42 (or a tooth portion), a stator projection 43 in the circumferential direction at the tip of the stator salient pole 42, and a stator slot 44 configured between adjacent stator salient poles 42 are provided. . The stator salient poles 42 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction along the outer peripheral surface of the yoke portion 41. The stator core 4 is formed by laminating a plurality of plate-shaped molding members formed by punching plate-shaped magnetic members in the axial direction in the axial direction.

  On the stator salient poles 42, corresponding phase windings of the stator winding 5 are intensively wound through insulating members (winding bobbins (not shown)). This concentrated winding is a winding method in which a plurality of winding conductors are wound around the four side surfaces of the core piece of the stator salient pole 42. Coil end portions connecting the two linear portions of the phase winding protrude outward in the axial direction from both axial ends of the stator core 4. Either the star connection for connecting the respective phase windings of the stator winding 5 in a Y shape or the delta connection method for connecting in a Δ shape may be adopted.

  The rotor 3 includes a rotor core 7 that forms a magnetic path on the rotation side, a permanent magnet 6 that forms a rotating magnetic pole, and a shaft 8 that forms a rotating shaft.

  The rotor core 7 is a laminate of a plurality of plate-shaped molding members formed by punching a plate-shaped magnetic member in the axial direction, or cast iron, and the shaft 8 is a side surface of the stator 2. Connected through. The permanent magnet 6 has a substantially semi-cylindrical shape extending in the axial direction along the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 7 and having N and S magnetic poles formed in the radial direction. It arrange | positions at equal intervals in the circumferential direction along the surrounding surface, and is being fixed using the adhesive agent on the groove | channel 31 of the stator core of an internal peripheral surface. The polarities of the permanent magnets 6 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are opposite to each other. The permanent magnet 6 is a rare earth magnet that contributes to downsizing and high efficiency of the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine.

  The above is the main configuration of the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine 1.

Before the embodiment of the present invention, optimization calculation of the shape of the stator core 4 in which the torque pulsation from the rated torque to the maximum torque is reduced will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 shows design variables of an abduction-type permanent magnet rotating electrical machine that has been optimized as described above. Mainly, the width x _{1 of} the permanent magnet 6, the thickness x ₂ of the permanent magnet 6, the opening width x ₃ of the stator slot 44, and the shapes x ₄ and x _{5 of the} stator protrusion 43 in the circumferential direction at the tip of the stator salient pole 42. Is a design variable. The objective function is set so that the torque pulsation decreases from the rated torque to the maximum torque, and the results of calculating the shape of the stator core 4 are shown in FIGS. The values of the optimum design variables in FIGS. 4 and 5 are normalized with the values of the optimum design variables in FIG. Further, in CASE2 and CASE3, the opening width of the stator slot 44 is gradually larger than CASE1. FIG. 6 shows the result of calculating the torque pulsation from the rated torque to the maximum torque in the respective shapes of CASE1 to CASE3. The horizontal axis represents the conductor current density of the stator winding 5, the left vertical axis represents the torque normalized by the maximum torque, and the right vertical axis represents the torque pulsation (PP). As for the torque pulsation from the rated torque to the maximum torque, all of CASE 1 to CASE 3 satisfy 1% or less in PP. However, torque pulsations near the rated torque are all increased to nearly 1%, and CASE 3 has the smallest torque pulsation. Therefore, CASE 3 is the most stable in a wide torque region and the torque pulsation is low. As a result, as the structure of the stator protrusion 43 in the circumferential direction at the tip of the stator salient pole 42 of the stator core 4 is smaller, that is, a structure closer to a so-called fully open slot, low torque pulsation can be realized in a wider torque region.

  The stator core 4 according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the stator core 4 of the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine 1 of FIG. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a basic shape of a plate-like magnetic member constituting the stator core 4 of FIG. The stator core 4 of the present invention is composed only of the plate-like magnetic member of FIG. Further, the shape of the circumferential stator protrusion 43 at the tip of the stator salient pole 42 is different in the axial direction. This has a function of preventing the coil from falling off when the stator winding 5 is wound around the stator salient pole 42.

  Next, a method for manufacturing the stator core 4 of FIG. 7 will be described. The magnetic member 4a shown in FIG. 8 includes stator protrusions 43a and 43b having different sizes in the circumferential direction at the tip of the stator salient pole 42. 9 and 10 show the lamination method. FIG. 9 shows a method of laminating the second magnetic member 4b on the magnetic member 4a of FIG. Similarly, FIG. 10 shows a method of laminating the third-layer magnetic member 4c on the plate-like second-layer magnetic member 4b of FIG. As for the angle at the time of stacking, if the angle between adjacent stator salient poles 42 (or called slot pitch) is τs, the magnetic member 4a in FIG. 8 is used as a reference (first layer), and the second layer magnetic member 4b. Is rotated by τs from the first magnetic member 4a as shown in FIG. 9, and the third magnetic member 4c is rotated by 2τs from the first magnetic member 4a as shown in FIG. . The fourth and subsequent layers are also laminated according to these rules. As a result, the stator core 4 of FIG. 7 is formed. FIG. 11 is a plan view of FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, the stator projections 43 are formed in all the stator slots 44 to prevent the coils from falling off. Although the large stator protrusion 43a is arrange | positioned as every 3 pieces as a basic shape of the plate-shaped magnetic member shown in FIG. 8, it is not limited only to this, It shall be at least every 2 pieces or more.

  12 is a developed view of a part of the stator 2 shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the rotor 3 side, and FIG. 13 is a view between the stator protrusions 43 of the stator salient poles 42 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the stator 2 shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a development view in which a length (or called a slit) δ is zero. FIG. 14 shows a change in torque pulsation with respect to Sa / S of a certain permanent magnet rotating electrical machine by magnetic field analysis simulation.

  The structure of the stator core 4 shall satisfy the following conditions.

  In FIG. 13, between the stator salient poles 42 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, the fully open aperture width (the length between the stator salient poles 42 when there is no stator projection 43 in the axial direction) is S, and the average aperture width (axis When the average length between the stator protrusions 43 in the direction is Sa,

を満たす構造とする。全開スロットの場合、Ｓａ／Ｓは１、軸方向に大きな固定子突起４３ａを一定に配置した場合は０に近づく。下限を０.７とした理由を以下に述べる。図１４に磁界解析シミュレーションによるある永久磁石回転電機のＳａ／Ｓに対するトルク脈動の変化の一例を示す。入力電流は最大トルク付近の値とした。結果、Ｓａ／Ｓが０.７以上において、安定してトルク脈動がＰ−Ｐで１％以下となる。従って、Ｓａ／Ｓを０.７以上とすれば最大トルク付近においてトルク脈動がＰ−Ｐで１％以下を満足することができる。

A structure satisfying In the case of a fully open slot, Sa / S is 1, and close to 0 when a large stator protrusion 43a is arranged in the axial direction. The reason for setting the lower limit to 0.7 will be described below. FIG. 14 shows an example of change in torque pulsation with respect to Sa / S of a certain permanent magnet rotating electrical machine by magnetic field analysis simulation. The input current was a value near the maximum torque. As a result, when Sa / S is 0.7 or more, the torque pulsation is stably 1% or less at PP. Therefore, if Sa / S is set to 0.7 or more, the torque pulsation near PP reaches 1% or less at PP.

  The above is the permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  The case where the configuration and configuration of the stator winding 5 and the permanent magnet 6 are changed in the configuration of the permanent magnet rotating electric machine of the first embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to the second embodiment.

  A plurality of winding conductors are wound into the upper layer coil 5a and the lower layer coil 5b of the stator slot 44. For example, the stator salient poles 42 in which the upper layer portion and the lower layer portion are wound are different, such as winding the upper layer winding around the stator salient pole 42a and winding the lower layer winding around the stator salient pole 42b. Thereby, in the stator core 4 of the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine 1, when the stator salient pole 42 is long, it is easy to push the coil against the problem that it becomes difficult to push the coil into the bottom of the stator slot 44. Thus, the space factor of the winding can be improved.

  Further, when a rectangular magnet is used as the shape of the permanent magnet 6, torque pulsation increases, but the machining of the magnet becomes easy and contributes to cost reduction.

  The combination of the number of permanent magnets 6 of the rotor 3 and the number of stator slots 44 of the stator 2 is 10-12 as a basic unit.

  The configuration of the hoisting machine 9 when the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine 1 of the present embodiment described above is applied to an elevator hoisting machine will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 16 shows a hoisting machine 9 in which the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine 1 and the sheave 10 are integrated. The hoisting machine 9 includes a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine 1 that generates power, a sheave 10 that transmits power generated by the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine 1 to a rope, a brake 11 that applies a braking force to the rotor 3, and a bearing 13 that supports the shaft 8. And a housing 12 for supporting them.

  By applying the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine 1 of the present invention, low torque pulsation (about 1% in PP) in a wide range from the rated torque to the maximum torque becomes possible, vibration transmitted to the car and noise of the elevator mechanism. Contributes to the reduction of Furthermore, since the production of the stator core 4 is easy, it contributes to cost reduction.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of the permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to the first embodiment. The cross-sectional view of the abduction type permanent magnet rotating electrical machine that has been optimized. The cross-sectional view of the optimum shape (CASE 1). The cross-sectional view of the optimum shape (CASE2). The cross-sectional view of the optimum shape (CASE 3). Torque characteristics. FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a stator of the permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to the first embodiment. The cross-sectional view which shows the basic shape of the plate-shaped magnetic member which comprises FIG. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the stator core when the second layer is stacked in FIG. 8. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the stator core when the third layer is stacked in FIG. 9. FIG. 9 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the stator core when a suitable number of layers are stacked in FIG. 8. The expanded view which looked at a part of stator in FIG. 1 from the rotor side. FIG. 13 is a development view in which a part of the stator is viewed from the rotor side when the length δ between the protrusions of the stator salient poles is zero in FIG. 12. Change in torque pulsation with respect to Sa / S by magnetic field analysis simulation. FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to a second embodiment. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the elevator hoisting machine of Example 3. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Permanent magnet rotary electric machine 2 Stator 3 Rotor 4 Stator iron core 4a Magnetic member 4b Second layer magnetic member 4c Third layer magnetic member 5 Stator winding 5a Upper layer coil 5b Lower layer coil 6 Permanent magnet 7 Rotor core 8 Shaft 9 Hoisting machine 10 Sheave 11 Brake 12 Housing 13 Bearing 31 Groove 41 of rotor core Yoke (core back)
42, 42a, 42b Stator salient pole (tooth)
43, 43a, 43b Stator projection 44 Stator slot

Claims (5)

A stator core having stator salient poles;
A stator comprising a stator winding housed in a slot formed in the stator core;
In a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine having a plurality of permanent magnets arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and a rotor composed of a rotor core that forms a magnetic path of magnetic flux by the permanent magnets,
The stator core is formed by laminating magnetic members,
Examples salient stator poles, possess a first stator salient poles to have a large projection extending tip circumferential direction and a second stator salient poles having a small protrusion extending to the distal end in the circumferential direction,
An angle between adjacent stator salient poles is τs, and the first stator salient poles are provided at intervals of a rotation angle n × τs (n is an integer of 3 or more) in the circumferential direction.
The first stator salient poles are laminated in the axial direction so as to be offset by an angle τs in the circumferential direction;
With respect to the opening width at the tip between the stator salient poles adjacent in the circumferential direction, when the slit between adjacent stator salient poles is set to zero, it is the length between the stator salient poles when there is no projection. The opening width S and the average opening width Sa , which is the average length between the protrusions of adjacent stator salient poles ,
0.7 ≦ (Sa / S) <1 (Formula 1)
A permanent magnet rotating electric machine characterized by the above.   2. The permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the stator windings are alternately arranged on an outer diameter side or an inner diameter side in the slot in the adjacent stator salient poles.   The permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the permanent magnet is a rectangle.   The permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein a combination of the number of permanent magnets and the number of slots of the stator is 10 to 12 as a basic unit. A stator core having stator salient poles;
A stator comprising a stator winding housed in a slot formed in the stator core;
In a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine having a plurality of permanent magnets arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and a rotor composed of a rotor core that forms a magnetic path of magnetic flux by the permanent magnets,
The stator core is formed by laminating steel plates,
Examples salient stator poles, possess a first stator salient poles to have a large projection extending tip circumferential direction and a second stator salient poles having a small protrusion extending to the distal end in the circumferential direction,
An angle between adjacent stator salient poles is τs, and the first stator salient poles are provided at intervals of a rotation angle n × τs (n is an integer of 3 or more) in the circumferential direction.
The first stator salient poles are laminated in the axial direction so as to be offset by an angle τs in the circumferential direction;
With respect to the opening width at the tip between the stator salient poles adjacent in the circumferential direction, when the slit between adjacent stator salient poles is set to zero, it is the length between the stator salient poles when there is no projection. The opening width S and the average opening width Sa , which is the average length between the protrusions of adjacent stator salient poles ,
0.7 ≦ (Sa / S) <1 (Formula 1)
An elevator apparatus characterized by using a permanent magnet rotating electric machine.

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