JP5179540B2 - Crushing dryer and crushing and drying equipment equipped with it - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a crusher / dryer capable of crushing an object to be processed and drying the object to be processed, and a crushing / drying equipment provided with the crusher / dryer.

Conventionally, wood waste, food waste, and sludge waste have been incinerated or landfilled. Recently, in the environment and energy fields, in order to reduce CO ₂ and reuse effective resources, There is a trend to use what can be reused from these wastes as fuel. For example, in the case of the wooden waste, it is converted into fuel, and in the case of the food waste, it is converted into feed or fuel.

  When the waste is reused in this way, the waste is put into a pulverizer as an object to be processed (hereinafter, the waste is referred to as an “object to be processed”), pulverized to a predetermined size, and then dried. It is dried by the machine. As the pulverizer, a machine provided with a net for adjusting the pulverized particle size is generally used, and as the dryer, a method of drying in a kiln furnace is generally used. There are crushing and drying facilities that are systematically installed.

  As this type of prior art, for example, using wind power of air heated by a heat exchanger, the raw material is pulverized by forcibly passing through the fine holes of the screen, and the pulverized material is recovered using the wind force. There is a pulverized material manufacturing apparatus that is supplied inside the means (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Further, as another prior art, a plurality of rotors mounted radially in a cylindrical container are rotated so that moisture in an object to be processed introduced from above is separated by impact and centrifugal force by the rotor. A drying device (see, for example, Patent Document 2), a rotating vessel and a suction port for generating a swirling airflow at the bottom of the cylindrical container, and the inner wall of the container by swirling the raw material on the inner periphery of the cylindrical container There is a device for finely pulverizing lignocellulosic raw materials that is dried and pulverized by friction with (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

WO 2006-070866 Gazette JP 2007-147251 A JP 2009-173830 A

  However, in the case of a pulverizer (including Patent Document 1) that classifies by a net as described above, it is difficult to exert the capability of the machine depending on the object to be processed, and there is a possibility of clogging depending on the moisture of the object to be processed. Since it is high, there is a risk of lowering the operating rate of the machine. In addition, maintenance and inspection must be performed frequently, and stable machine operation is difficult.

  Furthermore, when it is desired to reduce the particle size of the pulverized product, it is necessary to reduce the mesh size. May be exacerbated.

  In addition, when a dryer such as the kiln is used, the drying temperature is relatively high. For example, in applications where food circulating resources are used for functional foods, the crushed material may be altered. There is a risk that it will occur, making it unsuitable for recycling food recycling resources. In addition, depending on the drying furnace, batch processing must be performed, so there are cases where it is necessary to operate while adjusting with the pulverizer, and there is a possibility that complicated operation must be performed.

  In addition, in the case of the pulverization / drying equipment as described above, since the pulverization process and the drying process are separate processes, the equipment area for systematically installing individual pulverizers and dryers increases, and each machine A large space is required to arrange the components, and a transfer means for transferring an object to be processed between these machines is required. For this reason, the entire facility becomes large, and a lot of space and cost are required. In addition, when a conveyor-type drying furnace is adopted as the drying furnace, it is necessary to secure the conveyor length, which further increases the equipment area.

  Furthermore, the processing object to be pulverized and dried as described above has different pulverizing conditions (pulverized particle size) depending on the properties of the processed object and the purpose of use, and various drying conditions (water content after drying). Therefore, in the case of equipment equipped with a pulverizer and a dryer separately, the conditions of the pulverizer and the dryer are set so as to suit the pulverization conditions and drying conditions of the object to be treated. It is necessary to individually set each machine including the processing amount between machines, and the setting work is very complicated and time-consuming.

  In Patent Documents 2 and 3, it is difficult to finely pulverize various objects to be processed, and it is difficult to perform pulverization and drying according to the purpose.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a pulverization dryer that can perform pulverization according to an object to be processed by one machine and can dry the pulverized object to be processed, and a pulverization / drying facility including the pulverization dryer. For the purpose.

In order to achieve the above object, a crusher / dryer according to the present invention uses a striker to insert a workpiece to be processed into the apparatus main body, and a workpiece to be processed from the workpiece inlet. A pulverizing unit for pulverizing, and a classifying unit having a space for floating an object pulverized by the pulverizing unit at a position away from the pulverizing unit, wherein the apparatus main body separates the pulverizing unit and the classifying unit by a predetermined distance. A transfer unit, the pulverization unit has a dry gas supply port for supplying dry gas to the pulverization unit, the classification unit has an exhaust port for discharging the dry gas supplied to the pulverization unit , The pulverization section includes a rotor having a pulverizer for pulverizing an object to be processed, and a liner that gradually narrows a gap between a rotation locus at a tip portion of the pulverizer along a lower portion of the apparatus body below the rotor; Arranged on the classifier side of the rotor and struck with the pulverizer And a dry gas supply port for supplying the dry gas from the entire width direction along the inner surface of the apparatus main body to the gap between the pulverizer of the rotor and the liner. Is arranged . A hammer, a cutter, or the like is used as the pulverizer. As a result, the object to be processed, which is supplied from the workpiece input port and pulverized in the pulverization unit, is dried by the dry gas supplied from the dry gas supply port and transferred to the classification unit, where pulverization and drying are performed. Since the object to be processed that has become a predetermined weight or less is discharged as a product from the apparatus main body through the exhaust port, the object to be processed can be efficiently pulverized and dried by a single apparatus.

Further, the distance of the transport unit for transporting an object to be processed that pulverizng the classification zone can be to perform drying, suitable in accordance with the object to be processed.

Further, the dry gas supplied along the inner surface from the entire width direction of the apparatus main body can be dried while transferring the pulverized object to be processed along the inner surface of the apparatus main body, and the object to be processed is classified from the pulverization unit. Can be transferred quickly.

Also, the crushing of the object to be processed is promoted by the gap gradually narrowing between the rotation path of the tip of the pulverizer and the liner in the crushing part , and the object to be processed collides with the guide plate provided on the classification part side of the rotor. By doing so, it is possible to reliably pulverize an object to be processed which is not reduced in particle size even if it is hit by a pulverizer in the pulverizing part, without causing it to splash directly to the classifying part side.

  Furthermore, you may have the rectification | straightening part which rectifies | straightens the dry gas supplied from the said dry gas supply port between the said grinding | pulverization part and the said classification part. In this way, the flow of the dry gas circulating in the apparatus main body can be rectified, and the pulverized object to be processed can be transferred in one direction in the apparatus main body together with the dry gas to efficiently perform the pulverization and drying. .

  Moreover, the said rectification | straightening part may have the wall surface which rectifies | straightens dry gas toward the said classification | category part from the both ends of the said guide plate. If it does in this way, transfer from the crushing part of a processed material to a classification part can be performed stably according to a processed material.

  Furthermore, the exhaust port may have a jump-in prevention plate that is spaced apart from the inner surface of the apparatus main body in the space direction of the classification unit and is larger than the opening of the exhaust port. In this way, the object to be processed transferred from the pulverizing unit to the classifying unit is prevented from directly jumping and being discharged before being reduced to a predetermined weight or less after being pulverized and dried, thereby reducing the particle size of the product. It can be made more stable.

  Moreover, you may comprise so that superheated steam may be supplied as said dry gas. If it does in this way, heating of a processed material can be advanced rapidly and an early drying can be aimed at. In addition, uneven heating can be suppressed.

  Furthermore, the apparatus main body may have a magnetic separator that removes metal objects in the processing object pulverized in the pulverization unit. If it does in this way, even when a metal is contained in an object to be processed, it can be surely removed by the magnetic separator before being transferred to the classification unit.

  On the other hand, the pulverization / drying equipment according to the present invention includes any one of the above-described pulverization dryers, a dry gas supply device for supplying a dry gas to the pulverization dryer, and an exhaust for exhausting the gas in the apparatus main body. A blower and a separator for separating the object to be crushed from the exhaust gas are provided. Thus, the dry gas is supplied from the dry gas supply machine to the pulverization dryer for pulverizing the object to be processed, and the object to be processed is pulverized and dried in the pulverization dryer, and the pulverization dryer in the pulverization dryer exhausted by the exhaust fan is exhausted. By separating the processing object pulverized from the gas with a separator, the processing object can be continuously pulverized and dried to be recovered as a product. In addition, the product particle size, moisture content, and the like can be adjusted by adjusting the gas flow rate exhausted by the exhaust fan.

  Further, the dry gas supply unit is configured as a hot air generator that supplies heated gas to the pulverization dryer, and at least a part of the heated gas that is supplied from the hot air generator to the pulverization dryer and exhausted is supplied to the hot air generator. You may provide the exhaust heat utilization machine utilized as a heat source of the heating gas supplied to a grinding dryer from a generator. In this way, it is possible to configure a pulverization / drying facility with high thermal efficiency by utilizing the exhaust heat of the gas heated to dry the pulverized workpiece.

  Furthermore, a biomass heat source hot air generator using fuel to be processed separated by the separator may be provided, and the hot air of the biomass heat source hot air generator may be supplied to the pulverization dryer as a dry gas. If it does in this way, at least one part of the pulverized to-be-processed object can be utilized as a fuel for heating dry gas, and it can aim at reduction of drying cost.

  According to the present invention, the object to be processed can be pulverized by a single machine, and the pulverized object to be processed can be dried. Therefore, the machine installation area can be reduced, and the pulverization conditions and drying conditions according to the object to be processed can be reduced. Setting and the like can be easily performed.

It is drawing which shows the crushing / drying equipment provided with the crushing dryer which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention, (a) is a whole top view, (b) is a side view of a separator part. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view in the side view of the crushing dryer shown in FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view in the front view of the pulverization dryer shown in FIG. It is drawing which shows the rotor of the crushing dryer shown in FIG. 2, (a) is a perspective view of the rotor shown in FIG. 2, (b) is a perspective view which shows another example. It is drawing which shows the guide plate of the crushing dryer shown in FIG. 2, (a) is a side view of the guide plate shown in FIG. 2, (b) is a side view of the second example, and (c) is a side view of the third example. FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the front view which shows the crushing dryer which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the front view which shows the crushing dryer which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the front view which shows the crushing dryer which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is drawing which shows the usage method of the grinding | pulverization / drying equipment concerning this invention, (a) is a schematic diagram of a 1st example, (b) is a schematic diagram of a 2nd example, (c) is a schematic diagram of a 3rd example. is there. It is drawing which shows the usage method of the grinding | pulverization / drying equipment based on this invention, (a) is a schematic diagram of 4th example, (b) is a schematic diagram of 5th example, (c) is a schematic diagram of 6th example. is there. It is drawing which shows the usage method of the grinding | pulverization / drying equipment based on this invention, (a) is a schematic diagram of a 7th example, (b) is a schematic diagram of an 8th example. It is drawing which shows the usage method of the grinding | pulverization / drying equipment based on this invention, (a) is a schematic diagram of a 9th example, (b) is a schematic diagram of a 10th example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following equipment will be described by way of an example of pulverization / drying equipment in which an object to be treated is continuously pulverized and dried by a pulverization dryer. An example in which heated air is used as the dry gas will be described.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the pulverization / drying equipment 1 includes a pulverization dryer 2 for pulverizing and drying an object to be processed O, and an object O to be processed into the pulverization dryer 2. A charging unit 3 for drying, a dry air supply unit (drying gas supply unit) 4 for supplying dry air (drying gas) A to the pulverizing dryer 2, and an object to be processed O pulverized and dried by the pulverizing dryer 2 together with air. A pipe 5 to be discharged, a cyclone 6 as a separator for separating the object to be processed O from the air discharged from the pipe 5, a process object discharge tank 7 for storing the object to be processed O classified by the cyclone 6, and a cyclone 6 is provided with an exhaust fan 8 for sucking the air in the crusher / dryer 2. The exhaust blower 8 is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by a drive motor 9, and the suction force from the pulverization dryer 2 can be adjusted by controlling the rotation of the drive motor. The dry air supplier 4 is also a hot air generator 4 (same as the dry air supplier) that supplies heated air as the dry air A. The exhaust blower 8 is configured to suck and exhaust air from the downstream side of the pulverization dryer 2 in this embodiment, but is configured to push air from the upstream side of the pulverization dryer 2 and exhaust it. Alternatively, a configuration may be adopted in which air is pushed in from the upstream side of the pulverizing dryer 2 and air is sucked and exhausted from the downstream side.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, in addition to discharging the dry air A in the pulverization dryer 2 sucked by the exhaust fan 8 from the valve 10 to the atmosphere, the heat of the heated air is circulated to the hot air generator 4 through the pipe 11. Can be recovered.

  According to such pulverization / drying equipment 1, as will be described later, the object to be processed O is pulverized and dried by the pulverization dryer 2, and the object to be processed from the air in the pulverization dryer 2 sucked by the exhaust fan 8. Since O can be continuously separated by the cyclone 6 and stored as a product in the processed product discharge tank 7, the processed product O can be crushed and dried to be produced in large quantities.

  Next, the pulverization dryer 2 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. In the state shown in FIG. 2, the description will be given with the right side as the front and the left side as the back. In the pulverization dryer 2 of the first embodiment, an apparatus main body 21 and a drive motor (drive machine) 42 are provided on a gantry 20. The apparatus main body 21 includes a pulverization unit 23 in the lower part and a classification unit 24 in the upper part. A space between the pulverization unit 23 and the classification unit 24 of the apparatus main body 21 is a transfer unit 22. The apparatus main body 21 of this embodiment is formed in a vertically long shape in which the upper and lower ends are semicircular with the same radius and the center is parallel in a side view. Moreover, the apparatus main body 21 of this example is divided into four parts, a gas supply part 21a, a workpiece input part 21b, an intermediate part 21c, and an upper part 21d, and these flange parts are connected by bolts 21e.

  The crushing part 23 is provided with a rotor 26 provided with a plurality of hammers (crushers) 25 around it. In the rotor 26, a drive shaft 28 is supported in a horizontal direction by a bearing 27 provided in the apparatus main body 21. A plurality of rotor members 29 provided with the hammer 25 in the circumferential direction are mounted in the axial direction of the drive shaft 28. The rotor 26 according to this embodiment is an example in which the workpiece O is hit and pulverized by rotating the tip of the hammer 25 at a high speed of several tens of m / s (for example, 70 m / s). In the rotor 26, a pulley 30 provided at one end of a drive shaft 28 is belt-driven by the drive motor 42.

  4 (a) and 4 (b) are perspective views showing examples of the rotor 26. In the rotor 26 shown in FIG. 4 (a), the hammer 25 provided in the axial direction is provided in the circumferential direction of the rotor member 29. The arrangement is made by shifting and fixing with bolts or the like (zigzag shape). With this arrangement, it is difficult to apply a high load when the workpiece O is pulverized. In the case of this example, it is suitable for pulverizing an object to be processed O that has a large load acting on the hammer 25 or an object to be processed O that is easily crushed by an impact. Preferred for grinding. On the other hand, as shown in (b), a hammer (grinder) 32 having a predetermined height is fixed around the rotor member 29 (cylindrical) with bolts or the like so as to be continuous in the axial direction of the rotor 31 (one character). May be arranged. In the case of this example, the height of the hammer 32 is low and it is continuous in the axial direction, so that it is suitable for grinding a soft workpiece O such as food. The hammers 25 and 32 provided on the rotors 26 and 31 may be selected according to the properties of the object to be processed O, the pulverized particle size, and the like. Further, the arrangement of the hammers 25 and 32 may be selected according to the object to be processed, whether it is a single letter or a zigzag that is alternately displaced in the circumferential direction. The hammer 25 shown in FIG. 4 (a) is an example fixed to each rotor member 29. For example, the hammer 25 may be a swing hammer whose tip end swings without being fixed to the rotor member, or a circular ring hammer. The type of the hammer may be selected according to the properties of the workpiece O. In this embodiment, a hammer has been described as an example of the pulverizer, but a cutter or the like is used depending on the workpiece O and the pulverization particle size.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the apparatus main body 21 is provided with a workpiece input port 40 through which the workpiece O is input on the front side of the rotor 26. The workpiece input port 40 inputs the workpiece O from a position above the drive shaft 28 of the rotor 26. A solid line arrow in the figure indicates the flow of the workpiece O.

  The apparatus main body 21 below the workpiece input port 40 is provided with a dry air supply port 41 for supplying dry air A (dry gas; including heated air) from the side toward the lower side of the rotor 26. It has been. The dry air A supplied from the dry air supply port 41 is supplied from the entire width direction of the apparatus main body 21 and smoothly flows upward from the lower side of the rotor 26 along the inner surface on the back side of the apparatus main body 21. . The dotted line arrow in the figure indicates the flow of the dry air A.

  This dry air A may be superheated steam. Under superheated steam, in addition to convection heat transfer, it is heated by condensation heat transfer when the superheated steam condenses on the surface of the object to be processed O, so that a large amount of heat is given to the object to be processed O and heated rapidly. Can be advanced. In addition, condensation has the property of preferentially occurring in the low temperature part, and heating unevenness can be suppressed. Also, under superheated steam, the air that originally existed is expelled, so that the oxygen concentration can be reduced, drying with reduced oxidation is possible, and the object to be treated O that wants to suppress chemical reactions such as food. Suitable for crushing and drying. In the case of using superheated steam, an operation in which a part is exhausted and a part is circulated is preferable so that operations such as control can be easily performed.

  Further, a liner 35 is provided below the rotor 26 along the lower portion of the semicircular device main body 21. The liner 35 is configured so that a gap with the rotation locus at the tip of the hammer 25 gradually narrows from the workpiece input port 40 toward the inner surface on the back side of the apparatus main body 21. It is provided up to the height position. The workpiece O hit by the hammer 25 collides with the liner 35, and pulverization is promoted. Further, by narrowing the side of the workpiece to be processed, the workpiece O is pulverized more finely on the side of the workpiece to be processed.

  In addition, an arcuate guide plate 36 is provided above the rotor 26 so as to provide a predetermined clearance with respect to the rotation locus at the tip of the rotor 26 in a side view. The guide plate 36 is disposed such that a horizontal gap S is provided between both vertical wall surfaces of the apparatus main body 21 in a side view.

  Further, by providing the guide plate 36, the air flow generated by the rotation of the rotor 26 is prevented from adversely affecting the classifying unit 24 above the rotor, so that the classifying unit 24 can create a preferable air flow for classification. Has an effect. Further, the guide plate 36 functions as a collision plate that reduces the particle size of the object to be processed O that has collided, and the object to be processed O that has collided with the guide plate 36 that has become hot is deprived of moisture by heat transfer and is dried. It is provided for the purpose of increasing the pulverization efficiency and reducing the size of the workpiece O or increasing the drying efficiency.

  As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the shape of the guide plate 36 on the rotor side is a shape in which a plurality of the saw blade-like convex portions 36a are provided, so that the colliding effect of the object to be processed O is reduced. Can be increased, and the dry air A can be rectified. Further, like the guide plate 37 shown in FIG. 5 (b), a pulverizing effect corresponding to the object to be processed O can be obtained by forming a plurality of convex portions 37a having rounded tops. In addition, the rectifying effect of the dry air A can be provided. Furthermore, by making it planar like the guide plate 38 shown in FIG. 5 (c), the pulverization effect of the workpiece O is small, but the rectification effect of the dry air A can be achieved. For the rotor side shape of the guide plates 36 to 38, a suitable surface shape may be selected according to the type of the object to be processed O, the pulverized particle size, and the like.

  In addition, when the to-be-processed object O thrown into the grinding | pulverization dryer 2 has already dried and the grinding | pulverization particle size should just be pulverized to some extent, it grind | pulverizes without providing the said guide plates 36-38. It is also possible to do this.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the classifying unit 24 includes the dry air A from the dry air supply port 41 along the inner surface of the apparatus main body 21 into the workpiece O crushed by the pulverizing unit 23. And a space 45 in which the object to be processed O that has risen along the inner surface of the apparatus main body 21 together with the dry air A floats. The space 45 of the classifying unit 24 floats the pulverized workpiece O together with the dry air A as indicated by a one-dot chain line and a dotted line, and the dry air A of the classifying unit 24 is discharged from the exhaust port 46 with a predetermined suction force. By sucking, the object to be processed O, which has been crushed and dried to become a predetermined weight or less, is discharged out of the apparatus together with the dry air A. The line of the object to be processed O and the dry air A shown in the figure shows an image that is floated and discharged.

  In addition, drying of the object to be processed O pulverized by the pulverization unit 23 is performed by pulverization because the dry air A is fed during the pulverization in the pulverization unit 23 and is also dried by thermal energy converted from the pulverization energy. At the same time, the drying proceeds, and the drying mechanism is configured to efficiently dry the workpiece O by the heat energy of the drying air A. Furthermore, by pulverizing, the surface area of the object to be processed O is increased, so that drying is accelerated. In addition, the internal pressure applied to the object to be processed O is increased by the pulverization impact, and the drying is promoted even if the internal moisture is discharged to the outside to become surface water. In addition, by rotating the rotor 26 at a high speed as described above, the object to be processed O flows in the high-speed air stream, and the drying speed can be improved. In this way, the object to be processed O is dried at an early stage, and as described above, the object to be processed O is efficiently dried by letting it rise together with the dry air A to the classifying unit 24, and the dried one is discharged out of the apparatus first. I am doing so.

  Further, the classification unit 24 is provided with exhaust ports 46 for the dry air A on both sides of the apparatus main body 21. The exhaust port 46 is connected to the cyclone 6 via the pipe 5 shown in FIG. 1 described above, and the internal air is sucked by the exhaust fan 8 described above.

  Further, in this embodiment, the object to be processed O that has not been pulverized to a predetermined particle size or the object to be processed O that has not been dried is discharged from the exhaust port 46 without floating in the classification unit 24. A jump-in prevention plate 47 is provided to prevent the occurrence of the problem. The jump-in prevention plate 47 is provided with a jammer plate larger than the opening of the exhaust port 46 so as to project inward toward the apparatus main body 21. It is supported by a leg member 47a. The exhaust port 46 has a mounting flange 48 fixed to the apparatus main body 21 with a bolt. By means of this anti-intrusion plate 47, the object to be processed O, which has been crushed by the pulverizing section 23 and has risen to the classification section 24, is prevented from being discharged even if it jumps to the exhaust port 46 without floating in the classification section 24. The to-be-processed object O which became dry weight or less after being dried is attracted | sucked by the exhaust port 46 from between the leg members 47a. The jump-in prevention plate 47 may be provided according to the weight after pulverizing the workpiece O, the pulverized particle size, and the like.

  In this embodiment, a magnetic separator 49 is provided on the side of the apparatus main body 21 opposite to the workpiece to be processed. The magnetic separator 49 is provided in a portion where the pulverized workpiece O is transferred to the classification unit 24. When the metal that cannot be crushed by the hammer 25 is hit and moved to the back side of the pulverizer 23, the magnetic separator 49 is selected. The magnet 49 is attracted to a magnet (magnetic separator; not shown) incorporated in the section 49 and magnetically sorted. By providing the magnetic separator 49 in this manner, the metal in the workpiece O is separated at an early stage, and wear of the hammer 25 and the liner 35 is suppressed. The magnetic separator 49 can be removed from the outside of the apparatus main body 21, and the adsorbed metal can be taken out of the apparatus.

  The cyclone 6 (FIG. 1) sucks the air in the classification unit 24 to suck the processed object O, which has been crushed and dried, into the cyclone 6 as a separator together with the dry air A, and the pulverizing dryer 2 It is trying to discharge from. At this time, the moisture and particle size of the object to be processed O that can be conveyed can be adjusted by the air volume (wind speed) of air sucked by the cyclone 6. That is, utilizing the fact that the weight of the object to be processed O varies depending on the particle size and the amount of water, if the object to be processed O is pulverized to a predetermined particle size and dried, it is sucked into the cyclone 6 from the exhaust port 46 and still predetermined Whether the material is sucked by the cyclone 6 whether or not the pulverization / drying of the object to be processed O has been completed so that the material remains in the apparatus main body 21 without being discharged if the particle size is not pulverized and the drying is not sufficient. Judgment is based on no.

  According to the pulverization dryer 2 of the first embodiment as described above, as shown in FIG. 1 described above, the dry air A heated from the dry air supply device 4 is supplied, and the workpiece O is supplied from the input unit 3. Is inserted. As shown in FIG. 2, the object to be processed O input from the input unit 3 is supplied into the apparatus main body 21 from the object input port 40 provided in the apparatus main body 21 and falls. Further, the dry air A supplied from the dry air supply unit 4 is supplied into the apparatus main body 21 from the dry air supply port 41. Then, the object to be processed O is hit by the hammer 25 of the rotor 26 in the crushing unit 23, and is repeatedly crushed between the liner 35 and the guide plate 36.

  Further, since the dry air A is supplied to the pulverization unit 23 from the dry air supply port 41, the workpiece O crushed by the hammer 25 is dried by the dry air A while being moved to the back side of the apparatus main body 21. And move.

  The object to be processed O pulverized by repeatedly hitting and colliding with the hammer 25 is moved upward by the dry air A rising from the liner 35 provided at the lower part of the apparatus main body 21 along the rear side wall surface of the apparatus main body 21. To the classifying unit 24.

  The object to be processed O that has risen to the classification unit 24 together with the dry air A in this way is suspended in the classification unit 24, and the object to be processed O that has been crushed and dried to a predetermined weight or less is discharged from the exhaust port. 46 is sucked into the cyclone 6. That is, it is judged whether the to-be-processed object O which was pulverized in the pulverization unit 23 and soared to the classification unit 24 is being pulverized and dried depending on whether it is sucked from the exhaust port 46 or not. The object to be processed O that has become less than a predetermined weight is discharged outside the apparatus.

  Further, the object to be processed O that has not been sufficiently pulverized and dried is not sucked from the exhaust port 46, and the guide plate provided above the rotor 26 of the pulverizing section 23 and the flow of the dry air A. By rectification of the dry air A by 36, it falls to the workpiece input port 40 side of the crushing unit 23 and is again crushed by the hammer 25 of the rotor 26. In addition, since the object to be processed O to be reground is only the one to which the object to be processed O which has been crushed and dried and has become a predetermined weight or less is removed, it was charged without over-pulverizing. The workpiece O can be efficiently pulverized and dried.

  After that, the pulverized object to be processed O ascends to the classification unit 24 together with the dry air A as described above, is suspended in the classification unit 24, and is pulverized and dried to be a predetermined weight or less. The object O is sucked into the cyclone 6 from the exhaust port 46. Further, the object to be processed O that has not been discharged from the exhaust port 46 is returned to the pulverizing unit 23 and re-pulverized by the rotor 26 as described above. This re-grinding can also be efficiently crushed because the object to be processed O is not sufficiently crushed and dried.

  In addition, since the object to be processed O that has been crushed and dried to become a predetermined weight or less is sequentially discharged, a decrease in the discharged object to be processed O is newly supplied from the object input port 40. The to-be-processed object O can be continuously pulverized and dried.

  6 and 7 are the second and third embodiments in which a rectification unit is provided in the apparatus main body 21 of the first embodiment. In these embodiments, the dry air A is rectified in the apparatus main body 21 so as to be suitable when the product particle size of the workpiece O is different. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the structure same as the said 1st Embodiment, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The pulverizing / drying machine 50 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is provided with a rectifying unit 51 suitable for a case where the workpiece O to be charged is small and the product particle size is desired to be small. The rectifying unit 51 is formed such that a wall surface extends in parallel from the upper part of the guide plate 36 to the classifying unit 24 in a side view.

  According to the rectifying unit 51 of this embodiment, as viewed from the side, the ascending passage 52 and the descending passage 53 that are parallel between the pulverizing portion 23 and the classifying portion 24 are formed in the gap S between the guide plate 36 and the apparatus main body 21. A rectifying surface 54 that is curved in the direction opposite to the guide plate 36 is formed in the classification portion 24 at the upper end of the rectifying portion 51 that is formed.

  By providing such a rectifying unit 51, the small object to be processed O pulverized by the pulverizing unit 23 can be stably transferred to the classifying unit 24 through the rising passage 52 together with the dry air A. The object to be processed O which is suspended along the inner surface of the apparatus main body 21 in the unit 24 and is not pulverized and dried and is not less than a predetermined weight passes through the descending passage 53 to the pulverizing unit 23. Returned. In the case of this embodiment, since the ascending passage 52 and the descending passage 53 are relatively narrow, it is suitable for the production of small products.

  The pulverization dryer 55 of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is provided with a rectifying unit 56 suitable for producing a relatively large product. The rectifying unit 56 is formed in a substantially trapezoidal shape so as to extend from the upper part of the guide plate 36 to the classifying unit 24 and to narrow the upper end in a side view.

  According to the rectifying unit 56 of this embodiment, as viewed from the side, the ascending passage 57 and the descending passage 58 extending from the upper surface of the guide plate 36 toward the classifying unit 24 are formed. However, it can be stably transferred between the pulverizing unit 23 and the classifying unit 24 without causing clogging or the like.

  By providing such a rectifying unit 56, even a relatively large workpiece O can be stably transferred from the pulverizing unit 23 to the classifying unit 24 and transferred from the classifying unit 24 to the pulverizing unit 23. Thus, the object to be processed O that has not been sufficiently dried can be reliably returned to the upstream side of the hammer of the crushing unit 23 and pulverized.

  The pulverization dryer 60 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is a modification of the pulverization dryer 55 of the third embodiment, and is heavier than the product obtained by the pulverization dryer 55 of the third embodiment. This is an example suitable for processing an object to be processed O. The same components as those in the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. In this embodiment, the height of the apparatus main body 21 is lowered to make it suitable for production of heavy products.

  As shown in the figure, the apparatus main body 21 of this embodiment is such that the intermediate portion 21c of the apparatus main body 21 in the third embodiment is removed and the flange portions of the workpiece input portion 21b and the upper portion 21d are connected by bolts 21e. Yes. In this case, the height of the apparatus main body 21 is reduced, so that the object to be processed O that has been crushed and dried can be transported to the classification unit 24 even if it is heavier than the third embodiment. That is, in the case of this embodiment, by setting the classification unit 24 close to the pulverization unit 23, even the heavy object to be processed O rises to the classification unit 24 and is sucked together with the dry air A from the classification unit 24. I am doing so. Further, when the height of the apparatus main body 21 is lowered in this way, the rectifying unit 61 is also provided with a lowered height. Since the effect of this rectification | straightening part 61 is the same as the said 3rd Embodiment, description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the fourth embodiment, an example in which the same rectifying unit 61 as that in the third embodiment described above is provided has been described. However, the pulverization dryer 2 in the first embodiment and the pulverization drying in the second embodiment described above. In the machine 50, when processing a heavy object to be processed O, the height of the apparatus main body 21 can be reduced to cope with the same, and the height of the apparatus main body 21 and the rectifying units 51, 56, 61 can be dealt with. May be selectively determined according to the properties of the object to be processed O, the pulverization conditions, and the like.

  Also by the pulverization dryers 50, 55, and 60 described above, similarly to the pulverization dryer 2 of the first embodiment described above, the object to be processed O that has been pulverized by the pulverization unit 23 and has risen to the classification unit 24 is exhausted. Whether or not pulverization and drying are performed is determined based on whether or not the air is sucked from the mouth 46, and the object to be processed O that has been pulverized and dried to become a predetermined weight or less is discharged outside the apparatus. The processing object O can be efficiently pulverized and dried with one machine.

  In addition, the object to be processed O that has not been discharged from the exhaust port 46 is transferred to the upstream side of the rotor of the pulverizing unit 23 by the flow of the dry air A supplied from the dry air supply port 41. Thus, the object to be processed O which has not been reduced to a predetermined weight or less can be returned to the pulverizing section 23 and efficiently pulverized by the rotor 26. Moreover, in these embodiments, since the rectifying units 51, 56, 61 are provided, the object to be processed O returned from the classifying unit 24 to the pulverizing unit 23 stabilizes the flow in one direction in the apparatus main body 21. It can be efficiently transferred by the dry air A, and pulverized and dried.

  Incidentally, as described above, in the pulverization / drying facility 1 shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust from the exhaust fan 8 is released into the atmosphere, or is circulated to the dry air supply unit 4 so that heat can be recovered. A method of using the pulverization / drying facility 1 including an example to which this configuration and other configurations are added will be described below. In the following description, the pulverization dryer 2 will be described as an example. The basic flow is the same as that described above with reference to FIG. 1, and detailed description thereof is omitted. The same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. The solid line arrow in the figure indicates the workpiece O, the dotted line arrow indicates dry air A, and the alternate long and short dash line arrow indicates moisture W.

  The usage method of the first example shown in FIG. 9 (a) is “a pulverization / drying pattern in one pass without using a heat source”. In this example, by supplying room temperature air as dry air A, the low water content raw material can be dried without heat source cost. Further, it is suitable for mass production in which the object to be processed O that does not need to be dried is made into a pulverized product having a uniform particle size, and is used, for example, for pulverizing and drying waste building wood, manufacturing oga powder, and the like.

  The usage method of the second example shown in FIG. 9B is a “pulverization / drying pattern in one pass using a heat source”. In the case of this example, hot air is supplied from the hot air generator 4 as the dry gas A, which is suitable for pulverization and drying of the high water content O to be processed, for example, pulverization / drying of woody biomass, food, sludge, etc. Used.

  The usage method of the third example shown in FIG. 9 (c) is “a pulverization / drying pattern in which sensible heat of exhaust gas is circulated and used”. In the case of this example, the exhaust from the exhaust fan 8 is introduced into the mist collector 70, which is an exhaust heat utilization machine, and the sensible heat of the exhaust is used as a heating source of the dry air A, thereby reducing the heat source cost. Can do. It is also possible to circulate dry air A in a closed circuit, so that exhausts that contain odors can be prevented from exiting the system. For example, it can be used for crushing and drying woody biomass, food waste, sludge, etc. Is done.

  The usage method of the fourth example shown in FIG. 10A is “a pulverization / drying pattern in which a part of exhaust gas is reused as a drying heat source”. In the case of this example, dry air is newly added to a part of the exhaust gas and introduced into the hot air generator as the dry air supply machine 4, thereby reducing the drying cost by reusing the thermal energy of the exhaust gas which is high temperature air. can do.

  The usage method of the fifth example shown in FIG. 10B is “circulation / drying pattern without using a heat source”. In the case of this example, a circulation fan 71 is provided between the piping between the pulverization dryer 2 and the cyclone 6 and the discharge part of the cyclone 6, and the product discharged from the cyclone 6 by the circulation fan 71 is dried air. The water content of the object to be processed O is circulated together with A, and the water content of the object to be processed O discharged from the circulation fan 71 to the cyclone 6 is monitored by the water content detector 72 so that the water content of the object to be processed O becomes a predetermined water content. I have to. In this case, it is possible to pulverize and dry a highly water-containing material without a heat source by circulating and drying the object to be treated O, and pulverization / drying suitable for those that are weak against heat and those that have a lot of surface moisture can be performed. Used for crushing and drying food, waste plastic, etc.

  The usage method of the sixth example shown in FIG. 10 (c) is a “pulverization / drying pattern in which the latent heat of exhaust gas is circulated and utilized”. In the case of this example, the exhaust from the exhaust fan 8 is introduced into a heat pump 73 (heat exchanger) that is a waste heat utilization machine, and the latent heat of the exhaust is used as a heating source of the dry air A to reduce the heat source cost. be able to. It is also possible to circulate dry air A in a closed circuit, so that exhausts that contain odors can be prevented from exiting the system. For example, it can be used for crushing and drying woody biomass, food waste, sludge, etc. Is done.

  The method of using the seventh example shown in FIG. 11 (a) is a modification of the “pulverization / drying pattern in one pass using a heat source” shown in FIG. 9 (b). In this example, a part of the product discharged from the cyclone 6 to the processed product discharge tank 7 is supplied to the biomass heat source hot air generating device 74 to be used as a drying heat source, thereby pulverizing and drying the processing object O having a high water content. Drying costs can be reduced. It is also possible to use a non-conforming product that is not suitable as a product discharged from the cyclone 6 or an unnecessary raw material as a heat source. For example, if it is used in a biomass fuel production facility, efficient operation with reduced fuel waste can be achieved. .

  The use method of the eighth example shown in FIG. 11 (b) is a modification of the “pulverization / drying pattern in which sensible heat of exhaust gas is circulated and used” shown in FIG. 9 (c). In the case of this example, the exhaust from the exhaust fan 8 is introduced into the mist collector 70, the sensible heat of the exhaust is used as a heating source of the dry air A, and part of the exhaust discharged from the cyclone 6 to the treatment product discharge tank 7 By supplying this product to the biomass heat source hot air generator 74 as a drying heat source, it is possible to reduce the drying cost in the pulverization and drying of the high water content O. Also in this case, it is possible to use a non-conforming product that is not suitable as a product or an unnecessary raw material as a heat source. For example, if it is used in a biomass fuel production facility, efficient operation with reduced fuel waste can be achieved.

  The usage method of the ninth example shown in FIG. 12 (a) is a modification of the “pulverization / drying pattern in which a part of exhaust gas is reused as a drying heat source” shown in FIG. 10 (a). Also in this example, by supplying a part of the product discharged from the cyclone 6 to the treatment product discharge tank 7 to the biomass heat source hot air generator 74 to be a drying heat source, in the pulverization and drying of the high water content treatment object O Drying costs can be reduced. Moreover, it is possible to use a non-conforming product that is not suitable as a product or an unnecessary raw material as a heat source. For example, if it is used in a biomass fuel production facility, efficient operation with reduced fuel waste can be achieved.

  The method of use of the tenth example shown in FIG. 12 (b) is a modification of the product and the “pulverization / drying pattern that circulates and uses the latent heat of the exhaust” shown in FIG. 10 (c). In the case of this example, the exhaust from the exhaust fan 8 is introduced into the heat pump 73 and the latent heat of the exhaust is used as a heating source for the dry air A, and some products are discharged from the cyclone 6 to the processed product discharge tank 7. Is supplied to the biomass heat source hot air generator 74 as a drying heat source, so that the drying cost in the pulverization and drying of the high water content object O can be reduced. Also in this case, it is possible to use a non-conforming product that is not suitable as a product or an unnecessary raw material as a heat source. For example, if it is used in a biomass fuel production facility, efficient operation with reduced fuel waste can be achieved.

  In the above usage method, when it is necessary to give priority to the drying efficiency, the dry air A is circulated in an open circuit to completely condense or superheat and separate the water to separate the water. What is necessary is just to circulate the dry air A which was done again.

  Furthermore, the dry air A for drying the object to be processed O is also a method for reusing part of the high-temperature air used for drying the pulverized object to be processed O as dry air to save energy by using exhaust heat. It is not limited to the embodiment described above.

  In the above-described embodiment, the embodiment in which the pulverizing unit 23 is provided in the lower part and the classifying unit 24 is provided in the upper part has been described. However, for example, the classifying part 24 is located on the side of the pulverizing part 23. The positional relationship between the pulverizing unit 23 and the classifying unit 24 is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the arc in the pulverizing unit 23 of the apparatus main body 21 and the arc in the classifying unit 24 have the same radius has been described. For example, the space of the classifying unit 24 can be increased by increasing the arc in the classifying unit 24. The pulverizing ability in the pulverizing unit 23 may be improved by increasing the width of the pulverizing unit 23 so that a large number of objects to be processed O can be suspended.

  Furthermore, the above-described embodiment shows an example, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

  The pulverization dryer according to the present invention can be used when it is desired to pulverize and dry an object to be processed that needs to be pulverized into fine powder to remove moisture.

1 Crushing and drying equipment
2 Crushing dryer
3 Input section
4 Dry air supply machine (Dry gas supply machine; Hot air generator)
5 Piping
6 Cyclone
7 Waste disposal tank
8 Blower for exhaust
9 Drive motor 10 Valve 11 Piping 21 Device body 22 Transfer section 23 Crushing section 24 Classification section 25 Hammer (pulverizer)
26 Rotor 31 Rotor 32 Hammer (Crusher)
35 Liner 36 to 38 Guide plate 40 Workpiece input port 41 Dry air supply port 42 Drive unit 45 Space 46 Exhaust port 47 Jump prevention plate 49 Magnetic separator 50 Crush dryer 51 Rectifier 55 Crush dryer 56 Rectifier 60 Crush dryer Machine 61 Rectifier 70 Mist collector 71 Circulating fan 72 Moisture content detector 73 Heat pump 74 Biomass heat source hot air generator
A Dry air (dry gas)
W Workpiece

Claims (9)

A workpiece input port for loading the workpiece into the apparatus body;
A pulverizing section for pulverizing the object to be processed introduced from the object input port with an impactor;
A classifying unit having a space for floating the processing object pulverized in the pulverizing unit at a position away from the pulverizing unit;
The apparatus main body includes a transfer unit that separates the pulverization unit and the classification unit by a predetermined distance,
The pulverization unit has a dry gas supply port for supplying a dry gas to the pulverization unit,
The classification unit has an exhaust port for discharging the dry gas supplied to the pulverization unit ,
The pulverization section includes a rotor that includes a pulverizer that pulverizes an object to be processed, and a liner that gradually narrows a gap between a rotation locus at a tip portion of the pulverizer along a lower portion of the apparatus main body below the rotor; A guide plate that is disposed on the classifying portion side of the rotor and collides with an object to be processed hit by the pulverizer;
The dry gas supply port is disposed so as to supply dry gas from the entire width direction along the inner surface of the apparatus body toward the pulverizer of the rotor and the liner. Machine. Wherein between the milling unit and the classifying unit, pulverizer according to claim 1 having a rectifying portion for rectifying the dry gas supplied from the dry gas supply port. The pulverization dryer according to claim 2 , wherein the rectifying unit has wall surfaces that rectify dry gas from both ends of the guide plate toward the classification unit. The pulverization according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the exhaust port is separated from the inner surface of the apparatus main body in the space direction of the classification unit and has a jump-in prevention plate larger than the opening of the exhaust port. Dryer. The pulverization dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein superheated steam is supplied as the dry gas. The pulverization dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the apparatus main body includes a magnetic separator that removes a metal object in the processing object pulverized in the pulverization unit. A pulverization dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 ,
A dry gas supply machine for supplying dry gas to the pulverization dryer;
An exhaust fan for exhausting the gas in the apparatus body;
A pulverization / drying facility comprising a separator for separating the object to be crushed from the exhaust gas. The dry gas supply machine is configured as a hot air generator for supplying heated gas to the pulverization dryer,
An exhaust heat utilization device that uses at least a part of the heated gas supplied and exhausted from the hot air generator to the pulverization dryer as a heat source of the heated gas supplied from the hot air generator to the pulverization dryer. 7. Crushing / drying equipment according to 7 . A biomass heat source hot air generator using fuel to be processed separated by the separator,
The pulverization / drying equipment according to claim 7 , wherein hot air of the biomass heat source hot air generator is supplied to the pulverization dryer as a dry gas.

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