JP5178783B2 - Electric power supply and demand adjustment system and electric power supply and demand adjustment method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a system and method for adjusting power supply and demand in a power system including a load and a distributed power source.

  In the future, the use of new energy is expected to spread rapidly as a countermeasure against global warming. In fact, with regard to solar power generation, which is one of the new energies, the penetration rate is increasing due to the increase in the selling price. When the penetration rate of distributed power sources such as photovoltaic power generation increases, the amount of power generation increases and exceeds the power consumption of the load, causing problems such as reverse power flow where surplus power is supplied to distribution lines .

  Thus, various solutions have been proposed for problems associated with the large-scale introduction of distributed power sources. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a power supply system that can detect fluctuations in the frequency of a power system and control the output of a photovoltaic power generation facility or the like. Patent Document 2 discloses an electric power system in which a plurality of electric power suppliers and demanders are interconnected by electric power supply and demand control devices, can be independent of the conventional electric power system, and can coexist with the conventional electric power system. Is disclosed.

Japanese Patent No. 4369450 International Publication No. 2008/047400 Pamphlet

  However, since the power supply system of Patent Document 1 controls the output according to the fluctuation of the frequency and suppresses the output of the distributed power supply installed at the corner, the output of the distributed power supply is effectively used to the maximum. There are things that cannot be done.

  Moreover, the electric power system of patent document 2 judges whether self is short of electric power by the electric power supply and demand control apparatus with which the electric power supplier and demander was equipped, and receives surplus electric power from another electric power supplier and demander, or other Supply to electricity suppliers and suppliers. It is considered that transmission / reception of information by these power supply / demand control devices may require a great amount of time due to a traffic failure that occurs when the amount of information increases.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a main object thereof is to stabilize the power system when a distributed power source is introduced.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention receives a system power from a host system, transmits power to a distribution line, and charges a surplus power from the distribution line to an attached storage battery, and the distribution line. Supply and demand of electric power in a plurality of electric power systems including an interconnecting transformer and a power device including a load that consumes electric power and a distributed power source that generates electric power that is installed in a predetermined facility and connected to the transformer A power supply / demand adjustment system, a slave station device installed for each facility, a relay station device installed for each transformer and capable of communicating with each slave station device, and the substation Each of which is provided with a master station device capable of communicating with each relay station device, and the slave station device calculates facility power that is the total power required by the power equipment installed in the facility, Calculate the facility power as the relay station The relay station device receives the facility power from each slave station device, calculates the total of the received facility powers as a total load power, and transmits the total load power to the master station device. The master station device receives the load power total from each relay station device, and calculates the total load power total received as a total load power total; and the total load power total is greater than the grid power A means for instructing discharge from the storage battery to the distribution line, and the total load power total is larger than the system power, and the insufficient power is a value obtained by subtracting the system power from the total load power total. When larger than the discharge power from the storage battery, a value obtained by subtracting the discharge power from the insufficient power is obtained as accommodation power, and a request message for requesting output of the accommodation power is sent to the master station device Means for transmitting to another master station device capable of communication, and when the other master station device receives the request message from the master station device, the substation in which the other master station device is installed The discharge from the storage battery attached to the place to the distribution line is instructed.

  According to this configuration, surplus power from the distributed power source is charged to the storage battery attached to the substation through the transformer and the distribution line, and is effectively used without being discarded. On the other hand, when the power equipment requires a large amount of power as a whole facility and cannot be covered only by the system power, it is discharged from the storage battery of the substation. If power still runs short, it will be accommodated from storage batteries at other substations. Further, since the master station device can communicate with each relay station device and the relay station device can communicate with each slave station device, data transmission / reception between the master station device and the slave station device is performed smoothly. According to the above, it is possible to stabilize the power system when the distributed power source is introduced.

  Further, in the power supply and demand adjustment system of the present invention, when the other master station device receives the request message from the master station device, when the stored power of the storage battery is equal to or greater than the accommodation power, the storage battery Instructing the discharge from the distribution line, and when the stored power of the storage battery is less than the accommodation power, a message indicating that power accommodation is not possible is transmitted to the master station device, the master station device, When the interchange unavailable message is received from the other master station device, an instruction message for instructing reduction of power consumption by the load is transmitted to the slave station device via the relay station device, and the slave station device When the instruction message is received from the master station device via the relay station device, the load may be suppressed or blocked.

  According to this configuration, when another master station device receives an output request for interchangeable power from the master station device, if there is sufficient power in the storage battery of the substation, that power is interchanged and the power of the storage battery is low. If it is enough, it notifies the master station device that it cannot be accommodated. The master station device receives the notification that the interchange is not possible and issues an instruction to reduce the power consumption of the load to the slave station device via the relay station device, and the slave station device suppresses or cuts off the load according to the instruction. According to this, even when requesting the interchange of power to another power system, when sufficient accommodation is not received, the power system can be stabilized by suppressing or blocking the load.

  In the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the present invention, the instruction message is preferentially transmitted to the slave station device having a large facility power transmitted to the relay station device among the slave station devices. Also good.

  According to this configuration, since the instruction to reduce the power consumption due to the load is given priority to the slave station device of the facility where the load power of the power equipment is large, the power consumption of the load is effectively reduced, and the power system Prompt stabilization can be expected.

  The present invention includes a power supply and demand adjustment method. In addition, the problems disclosed by the present application and the solutions thereof will be clarified by the description of the mode for carrying out the invention and the drawings.

  According to the present invention, the power system can be stabilized when the distributed power source is introduced.

1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a distributed power supply and demand adjustment system 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the distributed power supply and demand adjustment system. 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of a slave station 2. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of a relay station 3. FIG. It is a figure which shows the hardware constitutions of PCS4. It is a figure which shows the structure of the data memorize | stored in the memory | storage part 25 of the sub_station | mobile_unit 2, and the memory | storage part 33 of the relay station 3, (a) shows the structure of the electric power data 25A memorize | stored in the memory | storage part 25 of the sub_station | mobile_unit 2. (B) shows the configuration of the slave station power data 33 A stored in the storage unit 33 of the relay station 3. It is a figure which shows the structure of the data memorize | stored in the memory | storage part 45 of PCS4, (a) shows the structure of relay station electric power data 45A, (b) shows the structure of distribution power data 45B. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the distributed power supply and demand adjustment system.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. A distributed power supply and demand adjustment system according to an embodiment of the present invention is a system that adjusts the supply and demand of power in a power system in which power devices including a load and a distributed power supply are connected. As a communication device, a distribution substation PCS (parent station) installed in the power station, the relay station installed in the transformer, and the slave station installed in the customer's house work together to charge the surplus power of the distributed power source to the storage battery and load power In response to the shortage, power is accommodated from the storage batteries inside and outside the power system, and when the power cannot be accommodated, the load is suppressed or cut off.

≪System configuration and overview≫
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a distributed power supply and demand adjustment system 1. In the distribution system of the distributed power supply and demand adjustment system 1, a transformer TR is installed at a distribution substation (distribution), and a distribution line is extended from the secondary side of the transformer TR. A customer-use transformer tr is connected to the distribution line at the connection point, and the transformer tr has a single load L or a load L, an inverter IV (Inverter), a storage battery as power equipment for a customer house (customer house). b and a combination of a photovoltaic power generation device PV (Photovoltaic). For example, one transformer tr covers about 10 to 20 households. In addition, a distribution substation covers, for example, several hundred households at one location.

  The load L is supplied with power from the transformer tr or the storage battery b and consumes the supplied power. The inverter IV converts the DC power generated by the solar power generation device PV and the DC power stored in the storage battery b into AC power, and supplies the converted AC power to the load L. The storage battery b stores the electric power generated by the solar power generation device PV. The solar power generation device PV is a device that generates power using sunlight.

  The power devices such as the load L, the inverter IV, the storage battery b, and the solar power generation device PV are not necessarily limited to private customer homes, and may be installed in companies and public facilities. In addition, one or more power devices may be managed as a group without being limited to the installation location.

  For the configuration of the distribution system, a slave station 2, a relay station 3, and a PCS 4 are provided as communication devices. For each distribution substation, a PCS (Power Control Server) 4 that is a master station (control device), an inverter IV, and a large-capacity storage battery B are installed, and a relay station 3 is installed in a transformer tr for customers. Further, the slave station 2 is installed at the customer's home where the load L and the solar power generation device PV are located. The slave station 2 does not have a distributed power source such as the solar power generation device PV, and is also placed in a customer's house where only the load L is installed. Of the PCSs 4, one installed in the distribution substation # 1 is referred to as PCS # 1, and one installed in the distribution substation # 2 is referred to as PCS # 2. Note that the present invention is not limited to the solar power generation device PV, and another distributed power source (for example, a wind power generation device) may be installed at the customer's home. Further, the slave station 2 may be installed for each facility or for each group without being limited to the customer's home.

  The distributed power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is configured as an application version based on a conventional distributed power transfer interruption system, and a slave station 2 is newly installed in a customer's house having only a load L. The slave station 2, relay station 3 and A new communication line will be established between the two.

Note that grid power P _S indicates the power transmitted to the power distribution substation from the substation of the upper grid (not shown). Total load power P _L is the sum of the load power in the primary side of the transformer tr. Kokyakuko stations total load power P _X is the sum of the load power in the customer's house. The customer load power P _LL is the power consumption of the load L at the customer's house. Customer PV power P _PV is generated power of the solar power generation device PV at the customer's house. The power shortage storage battery discharge power P _B is the power shortage discharged from the storage battery B of the distribution substation. The maximum storage battery capacity P _BMAX is electric power stored in the storage battery B of the distribution substation. The customer-installed storage battery power _PBB is stored power in the storage battery b at the customer's house.

Here, Kokyakuko station total load power P _X is calculated by the following equation 1.
P _X = P _LL -P _PV -P _BB Formula 1

The conventional solar power generation device PV and the power conditioner are installed at the slave station 2 or lower, that is, at the customer's house. Furthermore, the surplus output of the solar power generation device PV is charged with priority over the storage battery b of the customer. Still, the surplus power reaches the distribution substation through the distribution line as a reverse power flow, is converted from AC to DC by inverter IV under the control of PCS4, then is charged into storage battery B and purchased by the power company. Will be. Equation 1 represents the power obtained by subtracting the customer PV power P _PV and the power P _{BB of the} storage battery b from the customer load power P _LL . And when the storage battery b is not charged and the solar power generation device PV is not generating power due to rain or night, P _X = P _LL .

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an overview of the distributed power supply and demand adjustment system 1 and shows the role and mutual relationship of each communication device. The slave station 2 generates power information from the customer load power P _LL and transmits it to the relay station 3. The relay station 3 can communicate with a plurality of customer stations 2 subordinate to the transformer tr, receives power information from each station 2, aggregates load power included in each power information, and aggregates The information on the load power thus transmitted is transmitted to the PCS 4. The PCS 4 can communicate with the relay stations 3 of the plurality of transformers tr connected to the distribution lines of the distribution substation, receives load power information from each relay station 3, and loads power included in each load power information Are aggregated and the aggregated load power information is transmitted to the other PCS 4. On the other hand, load power information is received from another PCS 4. Between the PCSs 4, information on power shortage is exchanged to exchange power, and a command to suppress or cut off the load L is issued to the slave station 2 to be overloaded.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the slave station 2. The slave station 2 includes a communication unit 21, an input unit 22, an output unit 23, a processing unit 24, and a storage unit 25, and each unit is connected so that data can be transmitted and received via a bus 26. The communication unit 21 is a part that communicates with the relay station 3 via a communication line, and is realized by, for example, a NIC (Network Interface Card) or the like. The input unit 22 is a part that acquires power data from the load L, the solar power generation device PV, and the storage battery b according to an instruction from the processing unit 24, and is realized by, for example, an interface adapter with a power meter. The output unit 23 is a part that instructs to suppress or block the load L according to an instruction from the processing unit 24, and is realized by, for example, an interface adapter with a switch. The processing unit 24 exchanges data between each unit via a predetermined memory and controls the entire slave station 2. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) stores a program stored in the predetermined memory. It is realized by executing. The storage unit 25 stores data from the processing unit 24 and reads the stored data. For example, the storage unit 25 is realized by a nonvolatile storage device such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or an SSD (Solid State Drive). The

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the relay station 3. The relay station 3 includes a communication unit 31, a processing unit 32, and a storage unit 33, and each unit is connected so that data can be transmitted and received via a bus 34. The communication unit 31 is a part that communicates with the slave station 2 and the PCS 4 via a communication line, and is realized by, for example, a NIC or the like. The processing unit 32 delivers data between the units via a predetermined memory and controls the relay station 3 as a whole. The processing unit 32 is realized by the CPU executing a program stored in the predetermined memory. Is done. The storage unit 33 stores data from the processing unit 32 and reads the stored data, and is realized by, for example, a nonvolatile storage device such as an HDD or an SSD.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the PCS 4. The PCS 4 includes a communication unit 41, an input unit 42, an output unit 43, a processing unit 44, and a storage unit 45, and each unit is connected so that data can be transmitted and received via a bus 46. The communication unit 41 is a part that communicates with the relay station 3 and another PCS 4 via a communication line, and is realized by, for example, a NIC or the like. The input unit 42 is a part that acquires the power data of the storage battery B according to an instruction from the processing unit 44, and is realized by, for example, an interface adapter with a power meter. The output unit 43 is a part for instructing discharge or the like from the storage battery B by an instruction from the processing unit 44, and is realized by, for example, an interface adapter with the storage battery B or the like. The processing unit 44 transfers data between the respective units via a predetermined memory and controls the entire PCS 4 and is realized by the CPU executing a program stored in the predetermined memory. . The storage unit 45 stores data from the processing unit 44 and reads the stored data, and is realized by, for example, a nonvolatile storage device such as an HDD or an SSD.

<< Data structure >>
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of data stored in the storage unit 25 of the slave station 2 and the storage unit 33 of the relay station 3. FIG. 6A shows the configuration of power data 25 </ b> A stored in the storage unit 25 of the slave station 2. The power data 25A is power data related to the power equipment at the customer's home where the slave station 2 is installed, and includes load power 25A1, PV power 25A2, storage battery power 25A3, and customer power 25A4. The load power 25A1 is the power consumption of the load L and corresponds to the customer load power P _LL . PV power 25A2 is a power generated by the solar power generation apparatus PV, corresponding to the customer PV power _{P PV.} Battery power 25A3 is a stored power in the battery b, corresponding to the customer installed the battery power _{P BB.} Customer power 25A4 is the sum of the load power of the power equipment in the customer's house, equivalent to Kokyakuko stations total load power P _X. Note that the customer power 25A4 is calculated and set by [load power 25A1-PV power 25A2-storage battery power 25A3]. If it is a positive value, supply of system power is necessary, and if it is a negative value, surplus power is generated. Will be.

FIG. 6B shows a configuration of the slave station power data 33 </ b> A stored in the storage unit 33 of the relay station 3. The slave station power data 33A stores power information received from each slave station 2 subordinate to the relay station 3, and includes a record for each slave station 2 including a slave station ID 33A1 and customer power 33A2. The slave station ID 33A1 is an ID unique to the slave station 2, and is used to identify power information in the relay station 3 and to specify the slave station 2 that should issue an instruction to suppress or block the load L. Customer power 33A2 is a total load power of the power equipment in the customer's house, the same as the customer power 25A4 of power data 25A, corresponding to Kokyakuko station total load power P _X. In the last record of the slave station power data 33A, the slave station ID 33A1 is “total”, and the customer power 33A2 is set with the total customer power of each slave station 2 (total load power). Total this customer power is the sum .SIGMA.P _X of the load power in the primary side of the transformer tr, corresponding to the total load power P _L.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of data stored in the storage unit 45 of the PCS 4. FIG. 7A shows the configuration of relay station power data 45A. The relay station power data 45A stores power information received from each relay station 3 under the control of the PCS 4, and includes a record for each relay station 3 including the relay station ID 45A1 and the transformer power 45A2. The relay station ID 45A1 is an ID unique to the relay station 3, and is used to identify power information in the PCS 4 and to identify the relay station 3 that should issue an instruction to suppress or block the load L. Transformer power 45A2 is the sum of the load power in the primary side of the transformer tr is the same as the total customer power 33A2 child station power data 33A, corresponding to the total load power P _L. In the last record of the relay station power data 45A, the relay station ID 45A1 is “total”, and the total transformer power of each relay station 3 is set in the transformer power 45A2. Total of the transformer power is the sum of all the load power connected to the distribution line, it corresponds to the sum .SIGMA.P _L of total load power P _L.

FIG. 7B shows the configuration of the distribution power data 45B. The distribution power data 45B is data related to the power of the distribution substation where the PCS 4 is installed, and includes system power 45B1, total load power 45B2, storage battery storage power 45B3, and storage battery discharge power 45B4. Grid power 45B1 is a power supplied to the power distribution substation from the substation higher, corresponding to grid power P _S. Total load power total 45B2 is the sum of all the load power connected to the distribution line is the same as the sum of the transformer power 45A2 relay station power data 45A, it corresponds to the sum .SIGMA.P _L of total load power P _L. The storage battery stored power 45B3 is the power stored in the storage battery B, and corresponds to the maximum storage battery capacity P _BMAX . Battery discharge power 45B4 is a power discharged from the battery B to supplement the power insufficiency, not exceed the storage battery stored power 45B3 which has been set previously, corresponds to the power shortage battery discharge power P _B.

≪System processing≫
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the processing of the distributed power supply and demand adjustment system 1. In this processing, in each communication device (slave station 2, relay station 3 and PCS 4) of the distributed power supply and demand adjustment system 1, the processing unit mainly transmits / receives data to / from other communication devices by the communication unit, and the data in the storage unit While referring to and updating the above, storage of surplus power, power supply of insufficient power, load suppression and shut-off, etc. are performed across distribution substations. In the following, the control for the power equipment under the distribution substation # 1 will be described in particular, but the same applies to the distribution under the distribution substation # 2.

First, on the PCS # 1 side, the slave station 2 transmits power information to the upper relay station 3 (S801). The transmitted power information includes the slave station ID and the customer power 25A4 (customer slave station total load power P _X ). The slave station 2 acquires the latest values of the load power 25A1, the PV power 25A2, and the storage battery power 25A3 through the input unit 22 in advance, and calculates the customer power 24A4.

Next, the relay station 3 receives, aggregates, and transmits power information from each of the subordinate slave stations 2 (S802). The transmitted power information includes the sum of the relay station ID and the customer power 33A2 (total load power P _L = ΣP _X ). The relay station 3 stores the customer power 33A2 of the power information received for each slave station 2, and totals the stored customer power 33A2.

Then, the PCS # 1 receives and aggregates power information from each relay station 3 under its control (S803). Specifically, the total (total load power P _L ) of the customer power 33A2 included in the power information received for each relay station 3 is stored as the transformer power 45A2, and the stored transformer power 45A2 is summed. The total value (ΣP _L ) is stored in the storage unit 45 as a total load power total 45B2. At this time, the latest values of the system power 45B1 and the storage battery stored power 45B3 are stored in the storage unit 45 through the input unit 42. Hereinafter, control according to the distribution power data 45B is performed by PCS # 1 and PCS # 2.

First, the PCS # 1 determines whether or not the system power 45B1 (P _S ) is smaller than the total load power 45B2 (ΣP _L ) (S804). Is smaller than the system power 45B1 is the total load power total 45B2 (YES in S804), the system power _{P S} being the transmission from the substation of higher strains, sufficient for the entire load L working under the distribution substation # 1 However, since the power is insufficient, the discharge is performed from the storage battery B of the distribution substation # 1 through the inverter IV under the control of the PCS # 1 (S805). At this time, the PCS # 1 stores the power discharged from the storage battery B in the storage unit 45 as the storage battery discharge power 45B4 (P _B ).

After the storage battery B is discharged, the PCS # 1 determines whether or not the power shortage (ΣP _L −P _S ) is larger than the storage battery discharge power 45B4 (P _B ) (S806). If the power shortage (insufficient power) is larger than the storage battery discharge power 45B4 (YES in S806), it means that there is not enough power even after discharging from the storage battery B of the distribution substation # 1, so the distribution substation # A message (request message) requesting the output of interchangeable power is transmitted to the PCS # 2 on the second side (S807). The message includes a power shortage (accommodated power) after discharging from the storage battery B of PCS # 1. On the other hand, if the power shortage is not larger than the storage battery discharge power 45B4 (NO in S806), it means that the power shortage is discharged from the storage battery B of the distribution substation # 1, so the distribution substation # 1 The subordinate system is stable (S808). In addition, the electric power exceeding the shortage of electric power is not discharged from the storage battery B.

  If the system power 45B1 is not smaller than the total load power 45B2 in S804 (NO in S804), the PCS # 1 determines whether or not the system power 45B1 is greater than the total load power 45B2 (S809). If the grid power 45B1 is larger than the total load power 45B2 (YES in S809), it means that surplus power has been generated. Therefore, the surplus power is controlled by the PCS # 1, and the inverter IV of the distribution substation # 1 is controlled. Then, the storage battery B is charged (S810). If the system power 45B1 is not greater than the total load power 45B2 (NO in S809), the system power 45B1 is equal to the total load power 45B2, and therefore the system under the distribution substation # 1 is stable. (S811).

  After S807, the PCS # 2 receives an output request message from the PCS # 1 (S821). Therefore, it is determined whether power should be supplied from the PCS # 2 side to the PCS # 1 side (S822). In this determination, it is assumed that power supply should be performed if any one of the following two conditions C1 and C2 is satisfied. Note that the power shortage, system power, total load power, storage battery storage power, and storage battery discharge power of PCS # 2 are acquired in the same manner as the processing of PCS # 1.

(C1) PCS # 2 system power = PCS # 2 total load power and PCS # 2 storage battery storage power> PCS # 1 power shortage PCS # 2 side system is stable, and PCS # 2 storage battery B If the stored power is larger than the power shortage of PCS # 1, power is supplied to PCS # 1. In this case, sufficient power can be supplied without problems.

(C2) PCS # 2 storage battery discharge power = PCS # 2 power shortage and PCS # 2 storage battery storage power-PCS # 2 storage battery discharge power> PCS # 1 power shortage PCS # 2 storage battery B to PCS # 2 power shortage If the remaining power of the storage battery is greater than the power shortage of PCS # 1 after discharging the battery, power is supplied to PCS # 1. In this case, sufficient power can be supplied without problems.

  If power should be supplied to PCS # 1 (YES in S822), discharging is performed from storage battery B of distribution substation # 2 to PCS # 1 side in accordance with the instruction of PCS # 2 (S823). At this time, the PCS # 1 side is insufficient in power, and the PCS # 2 side is more stable than the PCS # 1 side. Therefore, if the battery B of the PCS # 2 is discharged, the discharge power is It will naturally flow to the PCS # 1 side. Then, after the storage battery B is discharged, it is determined whether or not the discharged power is equal to the power shortage of PCS # 1 (S824). If they are equal (YES in S824), the power supply from the PCS # 2 side stabilizes the system on the PCS # 1 side. Subsequently, regarding the PCS # 2 side, it is determined whether or not the storage battery stored power-storage battery discharge power, that is, the remaining battery power is equal to or greater than the power shortage (S825). If the remaining power of the storage battery is equal to or greater than the shortage of power (YES in S825), the remaining power after discharging from the storage battery B to the PCS # 1 side can cover the shortage of power on the PCS # 2 side. This system is also stable. Therefore, both the systems on the PCS # 1 side and the PCS # 2 side are stable (S826).

  If power should not be supplied to the PCS # 1 side in S822 (NO in S822), the PCS # 1 receives a message to that effect (a message indicating no interchangeability) from the PCS # 2 and suppresses the load L that has a large power shortage under its control. Or it shuts off (S827). If the discharge power of PCS # 2 is not equal to the power shortage of PCS # 1 in S824 (NO in S824), the discharge power of PCS # 2 is smaller than the power shortage of PCS # 1, so PCS # 1 In response to this (a message indicating no interchangeability) from PCS # 2, the load L having a large power shortage under control is suppressed or blocked (S827). If the remaining battery power of PCS # 2 is smaller than the power shortage in S825 (NO in S825), it means that the power shortage of PCS # 2 cannot be covered, so PCS # 2 has a load L with a large power shortage under its control. Is suppressed or blocked (S827).

  The procedure when the PCS 4 (PCS # 1 or PCS # 2) suppresses or blocks the load L is as follows. First, the PCS 4 refers to the relay station power data 45A in the storage unit 45 and preferentially identifies the relay station ID 45A1 having the largest transformer power 45A2, and loads the load L on the relay station 3 of the relay station ID 45A1. An instruction (load reduction instruction message) to reduce power consumption is issued. Next, the relay station 3 that received the load reduction instruction from the PCS 4 refers to the slave station power data 33A in the storage unit 33 and preferentially specifies the slave station ID 33A1 having the largest customer power 33A2, and the slave station ID 33A1. Instruct the slave station 2 to reduce the load. Note that the load reduction instruction from the PCS 4 to the relay station 3 and the load reduction instruction from the relay station 3 to the slave station 2 are given priority in descending order of the transformer power 45A2 and the customer power 33A2. For example, if the transmission of the instruction message is NG, the instruction message is transmitted to the next-ranked relay station 3 or slave station 2.

  The slave station 2 that receives the load reduction instruction from the relay station 3 suppresses or blocks the load L. In order to suppress the load L, for example, among the loads L such as a method of leveling the power consumption due to the load L using peak shift or peak cut, a storehouse light of a convenience store, or a digital signage of a public facility, There are methods to turn off unnecessary lighting and display advertisements. When cutting off the load L, for example, a switch on the power line connected to the target load L from the transformer tr is opened.

  Further, the PCS 4 determines whether or not the power system is stabilized after the load L is suppressed or cut off. If it is determined that the supply and demand balance does not improve even if the load is reduced (the system is not stable), the load reduction is instructed and the adjusted power is requested to the substation in the higher system.

  In the above embodiment, a program executed by the processing unit (CPU) is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium so that each communication device in the distributed power supply and demand adjustment system 1 shown in FIG. 1 functions. Then, the distributed power supply / demand adjustment system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is realized by causing the computer to read and execute the recorded program. In this case, the program may be provided to the computer via a network such as the Internet, or a semiconductor chip or the like in which the program is written may be incorporated in the computer.

  According to the embodiment of the present invention described above, the power system can be stabilized even when a large number of distributed power sources are introduced. And the surplus power generated by each distributed power source is efficiently used as a whole by storing the surplus power and sending it to a feeder with insufficient power, instead of stopping it by controlling the power source, controlling the power source, etc. can do. Further, the communication system of the slave station 2-relay station 3-PCS 4 has a high transmission speed of messages and data, and transmission / reception is performed smoothly.

<< Other embodiments >>
As mentioned above, although the form for implementing this invention was demonstrated, the said embodiment is for making an understanding of this invention easy, and is not for limiting and interpreting this invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and equivalents thereof are also included in the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the information regarding power shortage is exchanged between the two PCSs 4, but it may be between three or more PCSs 4. In this case, after one PCS 4 transmits information and the other PCS 4 receives the information, it may receive power from any PCS 4 that satisfies the condition of S822 in FIG. You may receive electric power supply from PCS4 which satisfy | filled the better conditions. It can be said that the better condition is that more power remains after discharging the power shortage from the storage battery B of the PCS 4 while satisfying the conditions C1 and C2.

1 Distributed power supply and demand adjustment system (Power supply and demand adjustment system)
2 Slave stations (slave station equipment)
24 processing unit 25 storage unit 25A4 customer power (facility power)
3 relay station (relay station equipment)
32 Processing unit 33 Storage unit 33A2 Total customer power (total load power)
4 PCS (master station equipment, other master station equipment)
44 processing unit 45 storage unit 45B1 system power 45B2 total load power 45B3 storage battery storage power (storage power)
45B4 battery discharge power (discharge power)
B Storage battery L Load (electric power equipment)
PV solar power generator (distributed power supply, power equipment)
TR transformer

Claims (6)

A substation that receives system power from the upper system, transmits power to the distribution line, and charges surplus power from the distribution line to an attached storage battery;
A transformer linked to the distribution line;
Power equipment installed in a predetermined facility and connected to the transformer, including a load that consumes power and a distributed power source that generates power; and
A system for adjusting supply and demand of power in a plurality of power systems including
A slave station device installed for each facility;
A relay station device that is installed for each transformer and can communicate with each slave station device,
A master station device installed for each substation and capable of communicating with each relay station device;
With
The slave station device calculates facility power, which is the total power required by the power equipment installed in the facility, and transmits the calculated facility power to the relay station device,
The relay station device receives the facility power from each slave station device, calculates the total of each received facility power as a load power total, and transmits the load power total to the parent station device,
The master station device is
Means for receiving the total load power from each relay station device and calculating the total of the received total load power as a total load power total;
Means for instructing discharge from the storage battery to the distribution line when the total load power is greater than the grid power;
When the total load power is greater than the grid power, and the insufficient power, which is a value obtained by subtracting the grid power from the total load power, is greater than the discharge power from the storage battery, Means for transmitting a request message for requesting an output of the power to another master station device communicable with the master station device;
With
When the other master station device receives the request message from the master station device, the other master station device instructs to discharge from the storage battery attached to the substation where the other master station device is installed to the distribution line. A power supply and demand adjustment system that is characterized. The power supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 1,
The other master station device is
In the case where the request message is received from the master station device, when the stored power of the storage battery is equal to or greater than the accommodation power, the storage battery instructs the discharge from the storage battery to the distribution line, and the storage power of the storage battery is the accommodation power. If less than, transmit a non-acceptable message indicating that power accommodation is not possible to the master station device,
The master station device is
When receiving the interchange impossible message from the other master station device, an instruction message for instructing reduction of power consumption due to the load is transmitted to the slave station device via the relay station device,
The slave station device is
The power supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 1, wherein the load is suppressed or cut off when the instruction message is received from the master station device via the relay station device. The power supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 2,
The power supply and demand adjustment system, wherein the instruction message is preferentially transmitted to a slave station device having a large facility power transmitted to the relay station device among the slave station devices. A substation that receives system power from the upper system, transmits power to the distribution line, and charges surplus power from the distribution line to an attached storage battery;
A transformer linked to the distribution line;
Power equipment installed in a predetermined facility and connected to the transformer, including a load that consumes power and a distributed power source that generates power; and
In a plurality of power systems including
A slave station device installed for each facility;
A relay station device that is installed for each transformer and can communicate with each slave station device,
A master station device installed for each substation and capable of communicating with each relay station device;
Is a method of adjusting the supply and demand of electricity,
The slave station device calculates facility power that is the total power required by the power equipment installed in the facility, and transmits the calculated facility power to the relay station device;
The relay station device receives the facility power from each slave station device, calculates the total of each received facility power as a load power total, and transmits the load power total to the parent station device;
The master station device receives the load power total from each relay station device, and calculates the total of the received load power total as a total load power total;
Instructing the discharge from the storage battery to the distribution line when the master station device has the total total load power greater than the grid power; and
The master station device, when the total load power total is larger than the system power, and the insufficient power that is a value obtained by subtracting the system power from the total load power total is larger than the discharge power from the storage battery, Obtaining a value obtained by subtracting the discharge power from insufficient power as accommodation power, and transmitting a request message for requesting output of the accommodation power to another parent station device communicable with the parent station device;
Instructing discharge from the storage battery attached to the substation where the other master station device is installed to the distribution line when the other master station device receives the request message from the master station device; ,
The power supply and demand adjustment method characterized by performing. It is the electric power supply-and-demand adjustment method of Claim 4, Comprising:
The other master station device is
In the case where the request message is received from the master station device, when the stored power of the storage battery is equal to or greater than the accommodation power, the storage battery instructs the discharge from the storage battery to the distribution line, and the storage power of the storage battery is the accommodation power. If less than, transmit a non-acceptable message indicating that power accommodation is not possible to the master station device,
The master station device is
When receiving the interchange impossible message from the other master station device, an instruction message for instructing reduction of power consumption due to the load is transmitted to the slave station device via the relay station device,
The slave station device is
The power supply and demand adjustment method, wherein the load is suppressed or cut off when the instruction message is received from the master station device via the relay station device. The power supply and demand adjustment method according to claim 5,
The power supply and demand adjustment method, wherein the instruction message is preferentially transmitted to a slave station device having a large facility power transmitted to the relay station device among the slave station devices.

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