JP5177416B2 - Information processing apparatus and method, program, and communication method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an information processing device and method, a program, and a communication method, and more particularly, to an information processing device and method, a program, and a communication method that can suppress a decrease in communication success rate due to a communication collision.

  Conventionally, there is a sensor network composed of wireless terminals equipped with sensors for environmental measurement and the like. In general, each terminal of such a sensor network collects information by a sensor, operates as a relay station for information transmission, receives commands and information transmitted from other terminals, and further receives them. To your device. Also, the information collected by its own sensor is transmitted to other terminals.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing how the information is transmitted. First, a certain terminal A (route) transmits a request packet for requesting information collected by a sensor to all other terminals. Actually, this request packet is transmitted from the terminal A to a nearby terminal (terminal existing within the communicable range). The other terminal that has received this request packet transmits it to a neighboring terminal other than the transmission source terminal (a terminal other than the terminal that has transmitted the request packet and exists within the communicable range). Similarly, the other terminal that has received the request packet further transmits the request packet to another terminal. The above transmission is repeated, and the request packet is transmitted to all terminals via each terminal as shown in FIG. 1A. Each terminal that receives the request packet starts sensing, holds the collected information, and transmits the information to terminal A via each terminal in the opposite direction to the request packet, as shown in FIG. 1B. To do.

  In a sensor network that performs such information transmission, each terminal is generally designed to operate with a battery or the like without using an external power source and to be driven for a long period of time such as several years. Since power is consumed in the communication for information transmission as described above, the terminal minimizes the frequency of communication for the purpose of extending the life (power saving) and does not perform communication. Is designed to perform intermittent communication control (power-saving intermittent communication control) that puts each terminal in a sleep state.

  In recent years, various methods for controlling intermittent communication in this sensor network have been considered. For example, a method of synchronizing the local time held by all terminals (performing global synchronization) has been considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, a control method based on local synchronization that eliminates global synchronization has been considered (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Furthermore, a control method for starting communication by an action from a receiving terminal has been considered (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3, Patent Document 1, and Patent Document 2). Further, a control method using an external signal has been considered (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, "An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks," In Proceedings of the 21st International Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM), Vol. 3, pp. 1567-1576, New York, NY, USA, June 2002. Shinji Nakamura, Satoshi Sekine, Satoshi Sezaki, "A Study on Synchronous Control Considering Intermittent Communication in Sensor Networks," IEICE Technical Report, NS2005-211, pp. 213-216, Feb. 2006. Takaaki Kajiuchi, Tatsuyuki Shizo, Satoshi Kishiro, Yoshikazu Fukuyama, "A Study on the Number of Neighboring Nodes and Channel Margins in Mesh Networks," Proceedings of Society Conference of IEICE, 2007 IEICE B-21-22, pp. 424, Sep. 2007. JP 2008-103896 A JP 2008-103897 A JP 2008-99075 A

  When data transmission / reception is performed between a plurality of terminals, packets may be simultaneously transmitted from a plurality of terminals to one terminal, which may cause a communication failure due to a so-called packet collision. In particular, in the case of intermittent power-saving communication, communication is performed only in an active state. That is, since the communicable period is short and data transmission / reception is likely to be concentrated in a short period of time, the possibility of packet collision is high. In the case of the sensor network described above, data transmission is often performed by a flooding method in which data is transmitted like floods to all other terminals capable of transmitting data within the communicable range. In this case, since the number of times of data transmission is large, there is a high possibility of packet collision.

  However, in any of the methods described in the above-mentioned documents, the occurrence of packet collision cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and there is a possibility that the communication success rate cannot be sufficiently increased. For example, in the case of a sensor network as described above, there is a possibility that sensor data cannot be collected smoothly due to the occurrence of this packet collision. Further, there is a risk that the power consumption required for communication increases unnecessarily due to the reduction in the communication success rate. In particular, in the case of a sensor network as described above, when power consumption increases, the operable period of each terminal driven by a battery is shortened to a practically insufficient level, or the operable period is sufficiently prolonged. The manufacturing cost of the terminal may increase.

  Note that Patent Document 1 describes avoiding collision of operation timing by changing a data transmission cycle every time between terminals that periodically perform bidirectional communication.

  However, it does not describe a method for avoiding packet collision (so-called hidden terminal problem) that occurs when a plurality of terminals that cannot communicate with each other simultaneously transmit information to one terminal.

  For example, when terminal A and terminal B are located outside the communicable range, terminal C is within the communicable range of both terminal A and terminal B, and terminal A and terminal B transmit data to terminal C Since terminal A and terminal B cannot know each other's presence (at least the communication operation state), they transmit a packet to terminal C at the same time, and terminal C cannot receive the packet. There is a risk of collision.

  Further, even when the terminal A and the terminal B exist in the mutual communicable range, there are cases where communication cannot be performed due to a communication environment such as a wall. Also in such a case, since the terminal A and the terminal B cannot know each other's existence (at least the communication operation state), the packet is simultaneously transmitted to the terminal C, and the terminal C cannot receive the packet. That is, packet collision may occur.

  In particular, in the case of wireless communication in which data transmission is performed using power saving intermittent communication control and flooding as in the sensor network described above, packet collision due to such a hidden terminal problem may occur due to the location of the terminal and the communication environment. Likely to happen. However, none of the above-mentioned documents describes such a hidden terminal problem. In other words, these methods cannot sufficiently suppress packet collision.

  The present invention is intended to solve such a problem, and is intended to suppress a decrease in communication success rate due to communication collision.

  A first aspect of the present invention is a first aspect of receiving a transmission reservation, which is control information requesting a reservation for information transmission, transmitted from another information processing apparatus operating as another terminal, via a receiving unit. Transmission information receiving means and control information receiving means for receiving, via a receiving unit, predetermined control information transmitted from another information processing apparatus for a predetermined period after the transmission reservation is received by the first transmission reservation receiving means. And when the control information is received by the control information receiving means, the control information for controlling the operation of the other information processing apparatus is transmitted from the transmission unit to the other information processing apparatus that is the transmission source of the control information. A control information transmission unit that shifts the operating state of the information processing apparatus other than the transmission source selected as a terminal that transmits transmission data to a sleep state with low power consumption; and a terminal that transmits transmission data The transmission data transmitted from the other information processing apparatus selected Te, an information processing apparatus and a transmission data receiving means for receiving through the receiver.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, as a first step of transmitting a request packet for requesting sensor data to all sensor terminals by a flooding method, a control terminal makes a request to a sensor terminal within a communicable range. Other sensor terminals other than the other sensor terminals that transmit packets and each sensor terminal receives a request packet transmitted from the transmission source terminal within the communicable range. In response to this, a control signal is transmitted to shift to the sleep state, and while the other sensor terminals that have shifted to the sleep state are in the sleep state, a request packet is received from the transmission source terminal and is included in the request packet A list of identification information of the terminals that sent and received the request packet, indicating the transmission path of the request packet Stores information, adds its own identification information as history to the request packet history information, and sends the request packet to other sensor terminals within the communicable range other than the request packet transmission source terminal. As a second step in which intermittent communication is suspended and waited for a predetermined period, and the control terminal collects sensor data as a response to the request packet, each sensor terminal uses a sensor unit to detect the sensor data after the end of the predetermined period. Acquire data, resume intermittent communication, and based on the stored history information, send the acquired sensor data to the next terminal in the reverse order of the transmission path of the request packet, within the communicable range, Other terminals, excluding the sensor terminal that sent the sensor data and other terminals that receive the sensor data sent from the sending sensor terminal On the other hand, a history of receiving and storing sensor data from the sensor terminal of the transmission source while the other terminal that has been shifted to the sleep state is in the sleep state by transmitting a control signal to shift to the sleep state Based on the information, the received sensor data is further transmitted to the next terminal in the reverse order of the transmission path of the request packet, and the control terminal is within the communicable range other than the sensor terminal of the sensor data transmission source. A control signal is transmitted to the sensor terminal to shift to the sleep state, and the sensor data is received from the sensor terminal of the transmission source while the other terminal shifted to the sleep state is in the sleep state. A data transmission method.

  In the first aspect of the present invention, a transmission reservation, which is control information requesting a reservation for information transmission, transmitted from another information processing apparatus operating as another terminal is received via the reception unit, and the transmission reservation When a predetermined control information transmitted from another information processing apparatus is received via the receiving unit for a predetermined period from when the information is received, and the control information is received, another information processing that is a transmission source of the control information By transmitting control information for controlling the operation of the other information processing apparatus to the apparatus from the transmission unit, the operation state of the other information processing apparatus other than the transmission source selected as the terminal that transmits the transmission data is In the sleep state with low power consumption, transmission data transmitted from another information processing apparatus selected as a terminal that transmits transmission data is received via the receiving unit.

  In the second aspect of the present invention, as a first step of transmitting a request packet for requesting sensor data to all sensor terminals by a flooding method, a control terminal is configured to send a request packet to a sensor terminal within a communicable range. Other sensors other than the other sensor terminals that receive the request packet transmitted from the terminal of the transmission source terminal and the transmission source terminal of the request packet within the communicable range in which the request packet is transmitted A control signal is sent to the terminal and the sleep state is entered. While the other sensor terminals that have entered the sleep state are in the sleep state, a request packet is received from the sender terminal and included in the request packet. Indicates the transmission path of the request packet. History information consisting of a list of different information is stored, and the identification information of the request packet is added to the history information of the request packet as a history, and is sent to a sensor terminal other than the request packet transmission source terminal within the communicable range. As a second step in which the request packet is transmitted, the intermittent communication is suspended and waited for a predetermined period, and the control terminal collects sensor data as a response to the request packet, each sensor terminal performs a predetermined period. After completion, sensor data is acquired by the sensor unit, intermittent communication is resumed, and the acquired sensor data is transmitted to the next terminal in the reverse order of the transmission path of the request packet based on the stored history information. Are transmitted from the sensor terminal of the sensor data transmission source and the sensor terminal of the transmission source within the communicable range. A control signal is transmitted to other terminals, excluding other terminals that receive sensor data, and enters the sleep state. While the other terminals that have entered the sleep state are in the sleep state, the transmission source Sensor data is received from the sensor terminal, and based on the stored history information, the received sensor data is further transmitted to the next terminal in the reverse order of the transmission path of the request packet, and the control terminal can communicate A control signal is transmitted to other sensor terminals other than the sensor terminal that is the source of the sensor data within the range, and the sleep state is entered while the other terminals that have entered the sleep state are in the sleep state. Sensor data is received from the sensor terminal of the transmission source.

  According to the present invention, data can be transmitted and received. In particular, it is possible to suppress a decrease in communication success rate due to communication collision and improve communication efficiency.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a network system to which the present invention is applied. A network 100 shown in FIG. 2 is a network system that includes a plurality of terminals 101 that communicate with each other and constructs a network that transmits and receives data between the terminals 101. The number of terminals constituting the network 100 is arbitrary. In FIG. 2, five examples of a terminal S, a terminal A, a terminal B, a terminal C, and a terminal D are illustrated as a part of the terminal 101 that configures the network 100. Each terminal 101 executes processing asynchronously without aligning the processing execution timing with each other (does not align processing execution timing with each other intentionally).

  Each terminal 101 has a sensor function in addition to a communication function as will be described later, acquires predetermined information (sensor data) by the sensor, and uses the acquired sensor data as a predetermined control terminal (not shown). It is a sensor network to transmit to. At this time, each terminal 101 is located within the communicable range and performs data transmission by a flooding method in which packets are transmitted like floods to all other terminals capable of transmitting data.

  When the terminal 101 holds data to be transmitted, the terminal 101 operates as a transmitting terminal that transmits the data. When the terminal 101 does not hold data to be transmitted, the receiving terminal receives data transmitted from another terminal. Works as. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the terminals S and B in the hatched pattern hold data to be transmitted and the terminals A, C, and D do not hold data.

  A dotted line 102-1 indicates a communicable range of the terminal S. Similarly, dotted lines 102-2 to 102-5 indicate the communicable ranges of terminal A, terminal B, terminal C, or terminal D, respectively. Note that the shape and size of the communicable range of each terminal 101 are arbitrary and do not need to coincide with each other, but in the following description, the communicable range of each terminal 101 is centered on each terminal 101 for convenience of explanation. It is assumed that they are circular and have the same size. In the state of FIG. 2, the terminal S transmits data to be transmitted (transmission data) to the terminal A and the terminal D existing within the communicable range (the range indicated by the dotted line 102-1). Similarly, transmission data held by the terminal B is transmitted to the terminals A and D existing within the communicable range (the range indicated by the dotted line 102-2). The terminal A and the terminal D that have received the transmission data transmit the transmission data to the other terminals 101 in the respective communicable ranges (ranges indicated by the dotted line 102-3 or the dotted line 102-5). For example, the terminal A transmits transmission data to the terminal C.

  The state of this data transmission is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, in the flooding scheme, data is transmitted from terminal S and terminal B to terminal A and terminal D in the first data transmission (1 hop) in the state of FIG. Data is transmitted from terminal A to terminal C by transmission (2 hops). In this way, in the network 100, data transmission is performed via each terminal by a plurality of times of transmission and reception in the bucket relay method. The hop indicates a unit indicating the number of times of data transmission. In addition, the distance between terminals based on the number of times of data transmission (not a spatial positional relationship) is also shown. For example, in order to transmit data from the terminal S to the terminal C, two-hop data transmission is necessary, and the terminal S and the terminal C are separated by two hops.

  At this time, when the data transmission timings from the terminal S and the terminal B coincide with each other in the terminal A or the terminal D, a packet collision occurs. Therefore, the terminal A and the terminal D perform control as described later to suppress packet collision (including packet collision due to a hidden terminal problem). Note that these terminals 101 perform intermittent communication control (power-saving intermittent communication control) in order to reduce power consumption (in the case of driving a storage battery as a power source, extending the driveable period). That is, each terminal 101 shifts to an active state in which power consumption is high only when communication is performed while the operation state is set to a sleep state with low power consumption during a period in which communication is not performed. The active state is a so-called normal operation state, where power is supplied to each unit and a large number of processes are executed, resulting in high power consumption. The sleep state is basically an inoperative state, and unnecessary power supply is stopped, and only the minimum processing necessary for returning to the active state is executed, so that power consumption is small. By performing such power-saving intermittent communication control, the terminal 101 can reduce power consumption.

  As described above, the terminal 101 periodically repeats the sleep state and the active state by intermittent communication control. This repetition is defined as an operation cycle. That is, the period from when the terminal 101 shifts from the sleep state to the active state and then from the sleep state to the active state again is one cycle. However, as will be described later, when the terminal 101 receives information from another terminal 101, the terminal 101 does not perform a normal periodic operation such as maintaining a sleep state for one cycle or maintaining an active state, for example. There is a case. The operation cycle is a cycle of intermittent communication control (switching between a sleep state and an active state) when the terminal 101 does not perform such processing, that is, when the terminal 101 operates alone as a transmission terminal or a reception terminal. .

  The state of information transmission using such intermittent communication control in the network 100 in the state of FIG. 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the state of information transmission processing step by step. 4A to 4D are basically the same as FIG. The arrows in FIGS. 4A to 4D indicate the directions (transmission source and transmission destination) of data to be transmitted. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the execution timing of each process related to data transmission corresponding to FIG.

  In FIG. 5, the operation states of the terminal S, the terminal D, the terminal A, the terminal B, and the terminal C and the state of processing execution are shown in order from the top. Both are shown so that the time series advances from left to right in the figure. The squares 111 to 113 in the uppermost stage indicate periods in which the operation state of the terminal S is active. That is, the terminal S is in an active state in each period of time T111 to time T114, time T115 to time T117, and time T118 to time T120, and is in a sleep state in other periods (for example, time T114 to time T115). It is in. Similarly, a square 131 in the second row from the top indicates a period during which the operation state of the terminal D is in an active state. That is, the terminal D is in the active state during the period from the time T131 to the time T134, and is in the sleep state during the other period (for example, before the time T131 or after the time T134).

  The following steps are the same, and a square 151 in the third step from the top indicates a period in which the operation state of the terminal A is an active state. That is, the terminal A is in the active state during the period from the time T151 to the time T154, and is in the sleep state during the other period (for example, before the time T151 or after the time T154). A square 171 in the fourth row from the top indicates a period in which the operation state of the terminal B is an active state. That is, terminal B is in the active state during the period from time T171 to time T173, and is in the sleep state during the other period (for example, before time T171 or after time T173). Furthermore, squares 191 and 192 in the lowermost row indicate periods in which the operation state of terminal C is in the active state. That is, the terminal C is in an active state in each period from time T191 to time T193 and time T194 to time T196, and is in a sleep state in other periods (for example, time T193 to time T194).

  As shown in FIG. 4A, a terminal 101 that receives data, that is, a terminal 101 that does not hold data to be transmitted (hereinafter referred to as a receiving terminal) is a terminal 101 that transmits data, that is, Then, the presence notification beacon is transmitted to the terminal 101 that holds the data to be transmitted (hereinafter referred to as a transmission terminal), and the transmission terminal that has received the presence notification beacon transmits data to the reception terminal Send a reservation beacon.

  The presence notification beacon is information for the receiving terminal to notify the transmitting terminal of its own presence (that it is in an active state). For example, the presence notification beacon includes identification information such as a terminal ID. Therefore, the transmitting terminal can identify the receiving terminal capable of receiving data that exists in the communicable range by receiving the presence notification beacon. The data transmission reservation beacon is information for making a reservation for the transmission terminal to transmit data to the reception terminal. The receiving terminal grasps the existence of the transmitting terminal by receiving the data transmission reservation beacon. For example, when a data transmission reservation beacon is received from a plurality of transmitting terminals, the receiving terminal can grasp that there are a plurality of transmitting terminals within the communicable range. For example, when there are a plurality of transmission terminals, the reception terminal selects a transmission terminal that permits data transmission according to a predetermined condition. The data transmission reservation beacon includes time information for specifying a transmission reservation period during which the transmission terminal makes a transmission reservation, and the number of times the transmission terminal of the transmission source has stopped transmission of transmission data (a transmission right described later is given). Information indicating the number of times of failure).

  The exchange of the above information will be specifically described. In FIG. 5, when the terminal D, which is a receiving terminal, shifts from the sleep state to the active state at a predetermined time T131, the presence notification beacon 141 is transmitted at a predetermined time T132. At this time, the terminal S, which is a transmitting terminal existing within the communicable range of the terminal D, is in an active state from a predetermined time T111 before the time T131 and receives the presence notification beacon 141 transmitted as indicated by the arrow 211. To do. Upon receipt of the presence notification beacon 141, the terminal S transmits to the terminal D, which is the transmission source, at a time T112 that is a timing determined using a backoff algorithm in order to suppress packet collision (for example, at a predetermined time). After waiting for the waiting time 121), the data transmission reservation beacon 122 is transmitted. Terminal D receives a data transmission reservation beacon for a predetermined period after transmitting the presence notification beacon. For example, when the unit of time length is “slot” (that is, 1 slot = predetermined time) and 1 cycle is 1000 slots, the terminal D is active for 15 slots after transition from the sleep state to the active state. The state is maintained, and then the sleep state is entered. That is, terminal D receives data transmission reservation beacon 122 transmitted as shown by arrow 213 during this predetermined period.

  Note that, when the terminal D receives the data transmission reservation beacon, the terminal D maintains a transmission reservation period active state in which the transmission device transmits the data transmission reservation beacon, and receives a new data transmission reservation beacon. The terminal D grasps the transmission reservation period based on the time information that specifies the transmission reservation period, which is the period in which the transmission terminal makes the transmission reservation, included in the received data transmission reservation beacon. During the transmission reservation period, A data transmission reservation beacon from a transmission terminal other than the transmission source of the first data transmission reservation beacon is accepted. For example, terminal B, which is a transmission terminal existing within the communicable range of terminal D as in terminal S, is in an active state from a predetermined time T171 before time T131 and is transmitted as indicated by an arrow 212. A beacon 141 is received. When receiving the presence notification beacon 141, the terminal B transmits a data transmission reservation beacon to the terminal D as shown in FIG. 4B. When the terminal D receives the data transmission reservation beacon during the transmission reservation period, the data transmission reservation beacon is supplied from the second transmission terminal (terminal B). Either one of the terminal S and the terminal B is selected as a terminal that gives priority to data transmission (priority transmission terminal). That is, the terminal D seizes the data transmission right (transmission right) of the terminal S and the terminal B.

  That is, the receiving terminal selects one transmitting terminal that permits data transmission in order to suppress packet collision. At that time (hop), only the transmitting terminal selected by the receiving terminal can transmit data to the receiving terminal. The transmission terminal that has not been selected shifts to the sleep state, and at that time (hop), the transmission terminal refrains from data transmission and re-attempts data transmission after the next (next hop) (retransmission of data).

  When the priority transmission terminal is selected, the terminal D transmits a transmission right notification beacon indicating the selection result (transmission of the transmission right) to the terminal S and the terminal B that are transmission sources of the data transmission reservation beacon (FIG. 4B). . That is, as shown in FIG. 5, when receiving the presence notification beacon 141, the terminal B is determined using a back-off algorithm to the terminal D that is the transmission source in order to suppress packet collision. At time T172 that is timing (for example, after waiting for a predetermined waiting time 181 to waiting time 183), the data transmission reservation beacon 184 is transmitted. Terminal D receives the data transmission reservation beacon 184 transmitted as indicated by arrow 214 during the transmission reservation period. Upon reception of the data transmission reservation beacon 184, the terminal D waits for a predetermined waiting time 142 and waiting time 143 at time T133, which is a timing determined using a backoff algorithm in order to suppress packet collision. ), And transmits the transmission right notification beacon 144 to the terminal S and the terminal B. In the example of FIG. 5, the terminal S is selected as the priority transmission terminal. When the terminal S receives the transmission right notification beacon 144 transmitted as indicated by the arrow 215, the terminal S is selected as a priority transmission terminal, and thus moves to a data transmission preparation operation in an active state. In contrast, when the terminal B receives the transmission right notification beacon 144 transmitted as shown by the arrow 216, the terminal B is not selected as the priority transmission terminal, and therefore does not wait for the original operation state switching timing, and at a predetermined timing. At a certain time T173, the state shifts to the sleep state, and the data transmission at that time is abandoned (data transmission is stopped or postponed).

  By the way, as described with reference to FIG. 4A, the receiving terminal A also transmits a presence notification beacon. As shown in FIG. 5, when the terminal A shifts from the sleep state to the active state at time T151, which is a predetermined timing, the terminal A transmits a presence notification beacon 161 at time T152, which is a predetermined timing. . At this time, since terminal S, which is a transmitting terminal existing within the communicable range of terminal A, is in the active state, it receives presence notification beacon 161 transmitted as shown by arrow 217. Upon receiving the presence notification beacon 161, the terminal S transmits a predetermined waiting time to the terminal A, which is the transmission source, at time T113, which is a timing determined using a back-off algorithm in order to suppress packet collision. After waiting for time 123 and waiting time 124), a data transmission reservation beacon 125 is transmitted. Similarly to the case of the terminal D, the terminal A receives the data transmission reservation beacon for a predetermined period after the presence notification beacon 161 is transmitted. For example, terminal A receives data transmission reservation beacon 125 transmitted as shown by arrow 218 during this predetermined period. Furthermore, the terminal A grasps the transmission reservation period based on the time information included in the received data transmission reservation beacon 125, and accepts the data transmission reservation beacon during the transmission reservation period. In the case of the example of FIG. 5, since the terminal B has shifted to the sleep state from time T173, it does not receive the presence notification beacon 161 and does not transmit the data transmission reservation beacon. That is, since the terminal A receives only the data transmission reservation beacon 218 transmitted from the terminal S, the transmission right notification beacon is not transmitted. In this case, the transmission right is given to the terminal S.

  When the transmission reservation period elapses, the terminal A and the terminal D, which are receiving terminals, accept a presence notification beacon or data transmission reservation beacon transmitted from another terminal for a predetermined period (for example, one cycle), and receive the presence notification beacon or data transmission received A sleep command beacon that commands transition to the sleep state is transmitted to the transmission source of the reservation beacon. That is, the terminal A and the terminal D perform control so that all terminals other than the transmitting terminal permitted to transmit data that exist within the communicable range are shifted to the sleep state. For example, as shown in FIG. 4C, when the presence notification beacon is transmitted from the terminal C to the terminal A, the terminal A transmits a sleep command beacon to the terminal C that is the transmission source of the presence notification beacon. Shift C to sleep. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the terminal C is in an active state for a predetermined period by intermittent communication control, and repeats the process of transmitting the presence notification beacon. For example, when transitioning from the sleep state to the active state at a predetermined timing T191, the terminal C transmits the presence notification beacon 201 at time T192, which is a predetermined timing. However, since the terminal A existing within the communicable range of the terminal C is a receiving terminal and does not accept the presence notification beacon at this time, the presence notification beacon 201 is not received by the terminal A. When the predetermined period elapses and time T193 is reached, the terminal C shifts the operation state from the active state to the sleep state.

  When the terminal C shifts from the sleep state to the active state at a predetermined time T194 after a predetermined period has elapsed, the terminal C detects the presence notification beacon at time T195, which is a predetermined timing. 202 is transmitted. At this time, the terminal A has received the presence notification beacon and receives the presence notification beacon 202 transmitted as indicated by the arrow 219. Upon receiving the presence notification beacon 202, the terminal A (after waiting for a predetermined standby time 162 to standby time 164) at time T153, which is a timing determined using a back-off algorithm in order to suppress packet collision The sleep command beacon 165 is transmitted to the terminal C. When receiving the sleep command beacon 165 transmitted as indicated by the arrow 220, the terminal C shifts the operation state from the active state to the sleep state according to the control command at a predetermined time T196. Through the control as described above, the terminals 101 other than the terminal A and the terminal D, which are the receiving terminals of the data, out of the terminals within 2 hops from the terminal S that is set as the priority transmitting terminal, that is, the terminal B and the terminal C All go to sleep.

  In this state, as shown in FIG. 4D, the terminal S transmits the transmission data held for the terminal A and the terminal D. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5, when the terminal S shifts from the sleep state to the active state at a predetermined time T115 (for example, after one cycle has elapsed from the time T114), the transmission of the transmission data 126 is performed at the predetermined time T116. Start. When the transmission of the transmission data 126 is completed at time T117, the state shifts from the active state to the sleep state. The terminal D receives the transmission data 126 supplied from the terminal S as indicated by the arrow 221 and holds it as transmission data 145. When no data is received at time T134, the terminal D shifts from the active state to the sleep state. Similarly, terminal A receives transmission data 126 supplied from terminal S as indicated by arrow 222 and holds it as transmission data 166. When data is not received at time T154, the terminal A shifts from the active state to the sleep state.

  By controlling as described above, the number of terminals that transmit data received by the receiving terminal is limited to one, and thus the receiving terminal can avoid packet collision in data transmission. In particular, packet collisions (due to the so-called hidden terminal problem) that occur when the transmitting terminals cannot recognize each other's existence can also be avoided. Therefore, the above control is particularly effective when applied to a power-saving intermittent communication control in which there is a high possibility of packet collision (including packet collision due to a hidden terminal problem) and a network that performs flooding ( Even networks with a high probability of packet collisions can be sufficiently suppressed).

  Note that each terminal 101 can determine transmission timing for data other than transmission data (various beacons, etc.) randomly, for example, by the back-off algorithm as described above, so that it does not become constant. It is possible to suppress the coincidence of transmission timing in the terminal 101 (the probability of coincidence can be reduced). That is, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the collision of packets in the transmission of various data. As described above, timing adjustment using the back-off algorithm is not performed for the presence notification beacon. This is because in the network 100, each terminal 101 is operated asynchronously, and there is a sufficiently low possibility that the execution timing of processing between the terminals 101 matches. Since the transmission timing of the presence notification beacon is independent for each terminal 101, collision of the presence notification beacon does not occur unless the operation timings match between the terminals 101. That is, the occurrence of collision of presence notification beacons can be sufficiently suppressed by operating each terminal asynchronously. On the other hand, other beacons are transmitted to a plurality of other terminals 101 at the same time or transmitted as a response to other beacons, so that there is a high possibility that the transmission timing coincides with the other terminals 101. . That is, there is a high possibility that a collision will occur. Therefore, for these beacons, the occurrence of collision is suppressed by adjusting the transmission timing using the back-off algorithm. The presence notification beacon may also be adjusted for transmission timing using a back-off algorithm, but the power consumption increases accordingly, so as long as the occurrence of packet collisions is sufficiently suppressed, adjustment of the transmission timing It is better not to do.

  In the next round (hop), since the terminal S does not hold transmission data, it operates as a receiving terminal. Since terminal A and terminal D hold transmission data, they operate as transmission terminals. Terminal B operates as a transmitting terminal because it does not transmit transmission data. Terminal C operates as a receiving terminal because it does not hold transmission data. For example, when the terminal S shifts from the sleep state to the active state at a predetermined timing T118, the terminal S transmits a presence notification beacon 127 at time T119, which is a predetermined timing. When the presence notification beacon 127 is not received by the transmitting terminal and a predetermined period elapses and time T120 is reached, the terminal S shifts the operation state from the active state to the sleep state.

  The processing execution timing, data transmission direction, transmission right acquisition result, and the like described above are merely examples, and cases other than those described above are also possible. At least the transmitting terminal that the receiving terminal transmits data to is limited to one, other than the transmitting terminal that exists within the communicable range and other receiving terminals that receive data transmitted from the limited one transmitting terminal Control may be made so that all of the terminals 101 are put in the sleep state to receive the transmission data.

  Next, the configuration of the terminal 101 that performs such data transmission control will be described. FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the terminal 101. In FIG. 6, the terminal 101 includes a control unit 301, a communication unit 302, and a sensor unit 303. The control unit 301 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like, and controls the communication unit 302 and the sensor unit 303 to realize various operations of the terminal 101. To do. Further, the control unit 301 controls the operation and state of the other terminal 101 by transmitting a control command to the other terminal 101 via the communication unit 302, for example. Further, the control unit 301 holds transmission data.

  The communication unit 302 is controlled by the control unit 301 and performs predetermined wireless communication with other terminals 101 existing within the communicable range to transmit and receive data. The communication unit 302 includes a transmission unit 311 that transmits data and a reception unit 312 that receives data. In practice, the communication unit 302 also has a communication antenna and the like, but the illustration is omitted for the sake of simplicity. Note that the communication unit 302 may perform various processes such as an encoding / decoding process, a modulation / demodulation process, or an encryption / decryption process as necessary. These processes may be performed by the control unit 301. Further, a storage unit that holds data to be transmitted to and received from the communication unit 302 may be provided. Of course, other configurations may be included. The communication unit 302 is supplied with power while the terminal 101 is active, and is controlled by the control unit 301 to perform wireless communication with other terminals 101. When the terminal 101 enters the sleep state, the communication unit 302 is controlled by the control unit 301 to stop its operation, and the supply of power is stopped (or limited to the minimum necessary supply).

  The sensor unit 303 is controlled by the control unit 301 to measure a predetermined physical quantity such as temperature, position, force, time, speed, acceleration, rotation speed, distance, light, sound, magnetism, etc. It is a measuring instrument that converts an electrical signal (sensor data) and supplies the sensor data to the control unit 301. The sensor unit 303 may measure any physical quantity, and may measure any number of physical quantities. The acquired sensor data may be held in the control unit 301, or a storage unit may be provided in the sensor unit 303 and held in the storage unit. Of course, the sensor unit 303 may have a configuration other than the sensor. The sensor unit 303 is supplied with power while the terminal 101 is active, and is controlled by the control unit 301 to measure a physical quantity (acquisition of sensor data). When the terminal 101 enters the sleep state, the operation of the sensor unit 303 is controlled by the control unit 301, and the supply of power is stopped (or limited to the minimum necessary supply).

  Although details will be described later, the terminal 101 only needs to have at least a communication function and its control function (that is, the control unit 301 and the communication unit 302), and the sensor unit 303 may be omitted. The terminal 101 only needs to be able to receive transmission data. That is, the terminal 101 only needs to be able to operate as a receiving terminal. For example, in the case of a control terminal that collects sensor data from another terminal, a function for transmitting the sensor data (transmission data) may be unnecessary. However, even in such a case, for example, since it is necessary to transmit control information such as a transmission right notification beacon and a sleep command beacon, not only the reception function (reception unit 312) but also the transmission function (transmission unit 311) is necessary. .

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of functional blocks included in the control unit 301. The control unit 301 realizes various functional blocks shown in FIG. 7 by executing, for example, a program stored in the ROM or a program loaded in the RAM by the CPU. Of course, the control unit 301 may realize part or all of the various functional blocks shown in FIG. 7 by hardware.

  As illustrated in FIG. 7, the control unit 301 includes a transmission reservation receiving unit 401, a control information receiving unit 402, a control information transmitting unit 403, and a transmission data receiving unit 404. The transmission reservation receiving unit 401 controls the reception unit 312 of the communication unit 302 to perform a process of receiving a data transmission reservation beacon transmitted from another terminal 101. The control information receiving unit 402 receives the data transmission reservation beacon after the transmission reservation receiving unit 401 receives the transmission reservation period specified by the data transmission reservation beacon, or the data transmission scheduled time after the transmission reservation period ends. In the period up to, the receiving unit 312 of the communication unit 302 is controlled to perform processing for receiving control information such as a data transmission reservation beacon and a presence notification beacon transmitted from another terminal 101. The control information receiving unit 402 includes a transmission reservation receiving unit 431 and a presence notification receiving unit 432. The transmission reservation receiving unit 431 controls the reception unit 312 of the communication unit 302 and transmits it from another terminal 101 during the transmission reservation period or the period from the end of the transmission reservation period to the scheduled data transmission time. Receive data transmission reservation beacon. The presence notification reception unit 432 controls the reception unit 312 of the communication unit 302 and receives a presence notification beacon transmitted from another terminal 101 during the period from the end of the transmission reservation period to the scheduled data transmission time. Perform the process.

  The control information transmission unit 403 controls the transmission unit 311 of the communication unit 302 to perform processing for transmitting control information such as a transmission right notification beacon and a sleep command beacon. The control information transmission unit 403 includes a transmission right setting unit 441, a transmission right transmission unit 442, and a sleep command transmission unit 443. When the transmission reservation receiving unit 431 of the control information receiving unit 402 newly receives a data transmission reservation beacon in the transmission reservation period, that is, when the transmission right setting unit 441 receives data transmission reservation beacons from a plurality of transmission terminals, One of a transmission terminal (priority transmission terminal) that is given a transmission right that is a priority of data transmission based on a predetermined condition, and a transmission terminal that is a transmission source of a newly received data transmission reservation beacon A new transmission right is granted to. For example, the transmission right setting unit 441 has the maximum number of times the transmission right has been deprived in the past (or the number of times the transmission right has not been granted) based on the transmission right grant history included in the received data transmission reservation beacon. The transmission right is granted to the sending terminal. In this case, the transmission right setting unit 441 can set the transmission right so that the transmission right grants are made uniform among the terminals 101.

  Note that any condition may be used as a basis for setting the transmission right grant. For example, the transmission right may be granted to the transmission terminal that first transmitted the data transmission reservation beacon or the transmission terminal that last transmitted the data transmission reservation beacon. In this case, the transmission right setting unit 441 reflects the processing execution timing of each terminal 101 (processing execution order between the terminals 101, back-off setting, etc.), that is, the operation characteristics of the network 100 in the transmission right grant. be able to. For example, the priority of each transmission terminal may be determined using identification information such as a terminal ID, and a transmission right may be granted to the transmission terminal having the highest priority. In this case, the transmission right setting unit 441 can reflect the importance of each terminal 101, that is, the characteristics of the configuration of the network 100, in the transmission right grant.

  Of course, methods other than these may be applied. For example, the transmission right setting unit 441 may grant the transmission right to a terminal to which the transmission right has been granted recently or earliest based on the past history. Further, the transmission right setting unit 441 may apply various methods described above or a combination of methods other than those described above. For example, when there are a plurality of transmission terminals having the maximum number of times that the transmission right has been deprived, the transmission right setting unit 441 may grant the transmission right based on the priority of those terminals.

  The transmission right transmission unit 442 controls the transmission unit 311 of the communication unit 302 to transmit a transmission right notification beacon that notifies the transmission right setting by the transmission right setting unit 441 to the transmission terminal. At this time, the transmission right notification beacon includes information indicating to which terminal the transmission right is granted, and the transmission right transmission unit 442 sets the transmission right notification beacon as the current priority transmission terminal. To the transmitting terminal that is the transmission source of the newly received data transmission reservation beacon. The transmission right transmission unit 442 may transmit a transmission right notification beacon including information indicating to which terminal the transmission right is granted to all transmission terminals within the communicable range, As described above, the terminal may be configured to transmit only to the transmission terminal currently set as the priority transmission terminal and the transmission terminal that is the transmission source of the newly received data transmission reservation beacon, or the terminal that grants the transmission right You may make it transmit only to 101. FIG. Furthermore, it is assumed that the transmission right notification beacon includes information indicating that the transmission right is deprived, and the transmission right transmission unit 442 sets the transmission right notification beacon to the current priority transmission terminal only when the setting of the priority transmission terminal changes. You may make it transmit with respect to the transmission terminal currently performed. That is, the transmission right notification beacon is any control information as long as the transmission terminal that has received the transmission right notification beacon can determine whether or not it is set as a priority transmission terminal. May be. The transmission right transmission unit 442 includes a timing setting unit 461. The timing setting unit 461 sets the transmission timing of the transmission right notification beacon using a back-off algorithm. For example, the timing setting unit 461 randomly sets the transmission timing delay time of the transmission right notification beacon by an arbitrary method. By controlling the transmission timing in this way, the transmission right transmission unit 442 can suppress the beacon transmission timing from matching between the terminals 101. The sleep command transmission unit 443 receives the data transmission reservation beacon when the transmission reservation reception unit 431 of the control information reception unit 402 receives the data transmission reservation beacon during the period from the end of the transmission reservation period to the scheduled data transmission time. When the presence notification reception unit 432 of the information reception unit 402 receives the presence notification beacon, the transmission unit 311 of the communication unit 302 is controlled to transmit a sleep command beacon to the terminal 101 that is the transmission source of those beacons. The terminal 101 that has received this sleep command beacon shifts to the sleep state. The sleep command transmission unit 443 includes a timing setting unit 471. The timing setting unit 471 sets the transmission timing of the sleep command beacon using a back-off algorithm. For example, the timing setting unit 471 randomly sets the delay time of the transmission timing of the sleep command beacon by an arbitrary method. By controlling the transmission timing in this way, the sleep command transmission unit 443 can prevent the beacon transmission timings from matching between the terminals 101.

  The transmission data reception unit 404 controls the reception unit 312 of the communication unit 302 to perform processing for receiving transmission data transmitted from the transmission terminal to which the transmission right is set by the transmission right setting unit 441. That is, when the transmission reservation receiving unit 401 receives the data transmission reservation beacon, the control information receiving unit 402 receives the data transmission reservation beacon and the presence notification beacon for a predetermined period. When such control information is received, the control information transmission unit 403 sets a transmission right, transmits a transmission right notification beacon and a sleep command beacon to the other terminal 101, and sets one terminal to transmit transmission data to one terminal. Limited to sending terminal. The transmission data receiving unit 404 receives transmission data transmitted from the priority transmission terminal. By controlling in this way, the terminal 101 can limit the occurrence of packet collisions due to data transmission by limiting the number of terminals that transmit transmission data to one and putting the other terminals 101 to sleep. In particular, the occurrence of packet collision due to the hidden terminal problem can be suppressed. In addition, since the transmission right transmission unit 442 and the sleep command transmission unit 443 can adjust the beacon transmission timing, for example, at random by a back-off algorithm, packet collision caused by transmission of a transmission right notification beacon, a sleep command beacon, or the like. Occurrence can be suppressed. Note that, as described above, a case where the terminal 101 does not transmit transmission data such as sensor data (when operating only as a receiving terminal) is also conceivable. In such a case, the control unit 301 can omit the control (functional block) for transmitting the transmission data.

  Further, the control unit 301 may further have a configuration other than that described above. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the control unit 301 may include a presence notification transmission unit 411. When the operation state of the terminal 101 becomes active, the presence notification transmission unit 411 controls the transmission unit 311 of the communication unit 302 to transmit a presence notification beacon at a predetermined timing, for example. By receiving the presence notification beacon transmitted in this manner, another terminal 101 can grasp the presence of the terminal 101 that is the transmission source of the presence notification beacon.

  For example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the control unit 301 may include a sleep command receiving unit 412 and a sleep control unit 413. The sleep command receiving unit 412 controls the receiving unit 312 of the communication unit 302 to receive a sleep command beacon transmitted from another terminal 101. When the sleep command beacon transmitted from another terminal is received by the process of the sleep command receiving unit 412, the sleep control unit 413 sleeps the operation state of the terminal 101 at a predetermined timing according to the control of the sleep command beacon. Transition to the state. As described above, the sleep control unit 413 can shift the operation state of the terminal 101 to the sleep state based on the control of the other terminal 101. Thereby, the terminal 101 can suppress the occurrence of packet collision in the other terminals 101.

  Furthermore, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the control unit 301 may include a status switching unit 414. The status switching unit 414 switches the operation state of the terminal 101 from the active state to the sleep state or switches from the sleep state to the active state at a predetermined timing. By controlling the operation state in this way, the terminal 101 can perform so-called intermittent communication and reduce power consumption. That is, the operable period of the terminal 101 can be extended. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the control unit 301 may include a switching timing setting unit 415 that sets the next timing when the status switching unit 414 switches the operation state. By controlling the switching timing of the operation state in this way, the status switching unit 414 can switch the operation state at an arbitrary timing. That is, power consumption can be more appropriately reduced according to the operation and specifications of the terminal 101. Thereby, it is possible to further extend the operable time of the terminal 101.

  Note that the switching timing setting unit 415 may set the next switching timing of the operation state by any method. For example, the switching timing setting unit 415 may set the switching timing for the timing at which the status switching unit 414 next switches the operation state to a preset timing (after a predetermined time has elapsed). This switching timing (the time until the next switching timing) is, for example, the switching direction of the operating state (whether it shifts from active to sleep or transitions from sleep to active), and any part of intermittent communication control Each may be set independently depending on whether it is processing. Further, for example, the switching timing setting unit 415 may appropriately obtain an appropriate switching timing based on some external information.

  Furthermore, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the control unit 301 may include a confirmation unit 416. The confirmation unit 416 determines whether or not data (transmission data) to be transmitted to another terminal 101 is acquired when the terminal 101 is in a sleep state by controlling the communication unit 302 or the sensor unit 303, for example. Check. For example, when the terminal 101 that can operate as both a transmission terminal and a reception terminal is in an active state, it operates as a transmission terminal if it holds transmission data, and operates as a reception terminal if it does not hold transmission data . Therefore, the confirmation unit 416 confirms the presence / absence of transmission data when the terminal 101 is in the sleep state. The transmission data is supplied from another terminal 101 or acquired by the sensor unit 303, for example. When it is determined by the confirmation unit 416 that such transmission data has been acquired (held), when the status switching unit 414 switches the operation state to the active state, the control unit 301 transmits the terminal 101. Control to operate as a terminal. Conversely, when the confirmation unit 416 determines that transmission data is not acquired (not held), when the status switching unit 414 switches the operation state to the active state, the control unit 301 determines that the terminal 101 Control to operate as a receiving terminal. As described above, the confirmation unit 416 confirms the presence / absence of transmission data, whereby the control unit 301 can perform appropriate control. When there is no transmission data, the control unit 301 operates the terminal 101 as a reception terminal, and Intermittent communication control can be performed so as to suppress the occurrence of collision.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the control unit 301 includes an existence notification reception unit 417, a transmission reservation transmission unit 418, a transmission right reception unit 419, a history management unit 420, and a transmission data transmission unit 421. May be. The presence notification receiving unit 417 controls the receiving unit 312 of the communication unit 302 when the terminal 101 is in an active state, and receives a presence notification beacon transmitted from another terminal 101 (receiving terminal). The transmission reservation transmission unit 418 controls the transmission unit 311 of the communication unit 302 and transmits a data transmission reservation beacon to the transmission source of the presence notification beacon received by the control of the presence notification reception unit 417. By doing in this way, the terminal 101 can grasp the existence of an active receiving terminal that exists within the communicable range, and can reserve transmission data transmission for the receiving terminal. At this time, the transmission reservation transmission unit 418 includes time information specifying the transmission reservation time in the data transmission reservation beacon. In addition, the transmission reservation transmission unit 418 includes information indicating the number of times the transmission right is not granted, which is managed by the history management unit 420, in the data transmission reservation beacon. Furthermore, the transmission reservation transmission unit 418 includes a timing setting unit 491, for example. The timing setting unit 491 sets the transmission timing of the data transmission reservation beacon using a back-off algorithm. For example, the timing setting unit 491 randomly sets the delay time of the transmission timing of the data transmission reservation beacon by an arbitrary method. By controlling the transmission timing in this way, the transmission reservation transmission unit 418 can suppress the beacon transmission timing from matching between the terminals 101.

  The transmission right reception unit 419 controls the reception unit 312 of the communication unit 302 and receives a transmission right notification beacon transmitted from another terminal 101 (reception terminal), for example, for a predetermined period. The transmission right notification beacon is control information indicating the transmission right. When the transmission right notification beacon that grants the transmission right to another terminal 101 (takes the transmission right from this terminal 101) is received under the control of the transmission right reception unit 419, the sleep control unit 413 operates the terminal 101. The state is changed from the active state to the sleep state. By controlling in this way, the transmitting terminal to which the transmission right is not given shifts to the sleep state (the transmission data is not transmitted at this time (hop)), so that the control unit 301 can prevent the packet collision. Occurrence can be suppressed. Based on the content of the transmission right notification beacon received by the transmission right reception unit 419, the history management unit 420 uses, as history information, the number of times when the transmission right has not been granted (the number of times transmission data has been sent off (hop count)). to manage. Note that the number of times this transmission right is not granted (number of times transmission data was sent off (number of hops)) may indicate only the most recent consecutive number, or an accumulated value of all past numbers. May be shown. That is, when a transmission right is granted and transmission data transmission is performed, this value may be reset to an initial value (for example, “0”), or the current value is held as it is without being reset. You may do it. This can be applied to all of the above-described explanation and the explanation to be described later. When the transmission right is given to the terminal 101, the transmission data transmission unit 421 controls the transmission unit 311 of the communication unit 302 and transmits the held transmission data to the active reception terminal within the communicable range. To do.

  By having the configuration of the presence notification receiving unit 417 to the transmission data transmitting unit 421 as described above, the control unit 301 can operate the terminal 101 as a transmitting terminal. At this time, as described above, the control unit 301 can be operated to suppress the occurrence of packet collision. Furthermore, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the control unit 301 may include a sensor data acquisition unit 422. The sensor data acquisition unit 422 controls the sensor unit 303 to measure a predetermined physical quantity, acquires the data (sensor data), and holds it as transmission data. By doing in this way, the control part 301 can transmit the sensor data acquired in the sensor part 303 to the other terminal 101 as transmission data.

  Next, an example of the flow of communication processing executed by the control unit 301 having the above functional blocks will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. The control unit 301 performs communication processing in three operation modes of a normal mode, a transmission mode, and a collision avoidance mode in order to operate the terminal 101 as a transmission terminal or a reception terminal while performing intermittent communication control for switching the operation state. Divided into two. The normal mode is mainly an operation mode for executing processing until a data transmission reservation beacon is received by a receiving terminal in a sleep state and an active state. The transmission mode is mainly an operation mode for executing processing of an active transmission terminal. The collision avoidance mode is mainly an operation mode for executing processing after receiving a data transmission reservation beacon of an active receiving terminal.

  The flowchart in FIG. 8 shows an example of the process flow in the normal mode, the flowchart in FIG. 9 shows an example of the process flow in the transmission mode, and the flowchart in FIG. 10 shows an example of the process flow in the collision avoidance mode. When the communication process is started, the control unit 301 first performs the process in the normal mode. In step S101 of FIG. 8, the status switching unit 414 determines whether or not the operation state switching time has come, and waits until the operation state switching time is reached. If it is determined that the operation switching time has come, the status switching unit 414 proceeds with the process to step S102 and switches the operation state. In step S103, the switching timing setting unit 415 sets the next switching time. In step S104, the control unit 301 determines whether or not the current operation state is active. If the control unit 301 determines that the current operation state is active, the control unit 301 advances the processing to step S105, and performs processing (data transmission as an active reception terminal). Process until receiving the reservation beacon). For example, in the case of the terminal C in FIG. 5, communication processing is started, the sleep state is shifted to the active state at time T194, and the operation as the receiving terminal is started. In step S105, the presence notification transmission unit 411 sets the transmission time of the presence notification beacon. In step S106, the transmission reservation receiving unit 401 determines whether or not the data transmission reservation beacon is received by the reception unit 312. If it is determined that the data transmission reservation beacon is received, the transmission reservation receiving unit 401 shifts the operation mode to the collision avoidance mode. The process proceeds to step S301. The collision avoidance mode process will be described later.

  If it is determined in step S106 that a data transmission reservation beacon has not been received, the process proceeds to step S107. In step S <b> 107, the sleep command receiving unit 412 determines whether the receiving unit 312 has received a sleep command beacon. If it is determined that the sleep command beacon has been received, the process returns to step S102, the operation state is switched to the sleep state by the sleep control unit 413, and the subsequent processes are repeated. If it is determined in step S107 that the sleep command beacon has not been received, the process proceeds to step S108. In step S108, the presence notification transmission unit 411 determines whether it is the transmission time of the presence notification beacon. If it is determined that it is not the transmission time, the process returns to step S106, and the subsequent processing is repeated. If it is determined in step S108 that the transmission time of the presence notification beacon is reached (for example, time T195), the presence notification transmission unit 411 transmits the presence notification beacon from the transmission unit 311 in step S109 (for example, FIG. 5 presence notification beacons 141 and presence notification beacons 202). When the presence notification beacon is transmitted, the transmission reservation receiving unit 401 determines whether or not the data transmission reservation beacon (for example, the data transmission reservation beacon 122 in FIG. 5) is received in the reception unit 312 in step S110. If it is determined that it has been received, the operation mode is shifted to the collision avoidance mode, and the process proceeds to step S301 in FIG. The collision avoidance mode process will be described later. If it is determined in step S110 that the data transmission reservation beacon has not been received, the process proceeds to step S111, and the sleep command receiver 412 receives a sleep command beacon (for example, the sleep command beacon 165 in FIG. 5) in the receiver 312. Is received. If it is determined that the sleep command beacon has been received, the process returns to step S102, the operation state is switched to the sleep state by the sleep control unit 413 (for example, time T196 in FIG. 5), and the subsequent processes are repeated. .

  If it is determined in step S111 that the sleep command beacon has not been received, the process proceeds to step S112. In step S112, the status switching unit 414 determines whether it is the operation state switching time. If it is determined that it is not the switching time, the process returns to step S110, and the subsequent processing is repeated. If it is determined in step S112 that the operation switching time is reached, the process returns to step S102, the operation state is switched to the sleep state (for example, time T193 in FIG. 5), and the subsequent processing is repeated. That is, when the data transmission reservation beacon and the sleep command beacon are received until the operation state is switched from the active state to the sleep state, and the data transmission reservation beacon is received, the operation mode shifts to the collision avoidance mode, and the sleep command beacon Is received, the operation state shifts to the sleep state without waiting for the operation switching time. If it is determined in step S104 in FIG. 8 that the operation state is the sleep state, the process proceeds to step S113. In step S113, the sleep control unit 413 waits in the sleep state until the operation switching time. When the switching time is reached, the confirmation unit 416 determines whether or not transmission data has been acquired in step S114. If it is determined that the transmission data has been acquired, the confirmation unit 416 shifts the operation mode to the transmission mode, and the process proceeds to step S201 in FIG. Proceed. The transmission mode process will be described later. If it is determined in step S114 that transmission data has not been acquired, the process returns to step S102, the operation state is switched to the active state by the status switching unit 414, and the subsequent processing is repeated as the receiving terminal.

  Next, an example of the processing flow in the transmission mode will be described. When the transmission mode is entered, in step S201 in FIG. 9, the status switching unit 414 switches the operation state from the sleep state to the active state. In step S202, the presence notification receiving unit 417 determines whether or not the reception unit 312 has received a presence notification beacon (for example, the presence notification beacon 141 in FIG. 5). Proceed to In step S203, the timing setting unit 491 of the transmission reservation transmission unit 418 sets the transmission timing of the data transmission reservation beacon at random, for example. In step S204, the transmission reservation transmission unit 418 transmits the data transmission reservation beacon (for example, the data transmission reservation beacon 122 in FIG. 5) from the transmission unit 311 at the set transmission timing. When the data transmission reservation beacon is transmitted, the process proceeds to step S205. If it is determined in step S202 that the presence notification beacon has not been received, the process proceeds to step S205.

  In step S205, the transmission right receiving unit 419 determines whether or not the reception unit 312 has received a transmission right notification beacon that gives priority to other terminals (for example, the transmission right notification beacon 144 in FIG. 5). If it is determined that a transmission right notification beacon that prioritizes other terminals has been received, the process proceeds to step S214. If it is determined in step S205 in FIG. 9 that a transmission right notification beacon that prioritizes other terminals has not been received, the process proceeds to step S206. In step S <b> 206, the sleep command reception unit 412 determines whether the reception unit 312 has received a sleep command beacon. If it is determined that the sleep command beacon has been received, the process proceeds to step S214. If it is determined in step S206 in FIG. 9 that the sleep command beacon has not been received, the process proceeds to step S207. In step S207, the status switching unit 414 determines whether or not it is a predetermined time (whether or not a predetermined period (for example, one cycle) has elapsed), and is not a predetermined time (the predetermined period has not elapsed). If it is determined, the process returns to step S202, and the subsequent processes are repeated. If it is determined in step S207 that the predetermined time is reached (a predetermined period has elapsed), the process proceeds to step S208. In step S <b> 208, the presence notification receiving unit 417 determines whether the receiving unit 312 has received the presence notification beacon one or more times. If it is determined that the presence beacon has not been received even once, that is, it is determined that there is no active receiving terminal within the communicable range, the process proceeds to step S214.

  If it is determined in step S208 in FIG. 9 that the presence beacon has been received one or more times (for example, the arrow 215 in FIG. 5), the process proceeds to step S209. In step S209, the history management unit 420 appropriately updates the managed history (for example, resets the value to the initial value or holds it without incrementing), and reflects the fact that the transmission right is given to the history. Let In this case, there is a receiving terminal as a transmission destination of transmission data, and this terminal 101 itself is selected as a priority transmission terminal that is permitted to transmit transmission data. Accordingly, the sleep control unit 413 shifts the operation state to the sleep state in step S210 in preparation for transmission of transmission data (for example, time T114 in FIG. 5), and waits in the sleep state for one period in step S211. To do. Until the transmission data is transmitted, unnecessary terminals are shifted to the sleep state, and control is performed so that packet collision does not occur. When one cycle elapses, the status switching unit 414 shifts the operation state to the active state in step S212 (for example, time T115 in FIG. 5). In the active state, in step S213, the transmission data transmission unit 421 transmits the held transmission data (for example, transmission data 126 in FIG. 5) from the transmission unit 311 to the reception terminal. When transmission of transmission data is completed, the process returns to step S101 in FIG. 8, and the subsequent processes are repeated. That is, when transmission of transmission data is completed, the operation mode is shifted to the normal mode, and the operation state is shifted to the sleep state at the operation switching time (for example, time T117 in FIG. 5).

  In step S214 of FIG. 9, the history update unit 420 updates the managed history (for example, increments the value), and reflects in the history that the transmission right has not been granted. When the process of step S214 ends, the process returns to step S102 of FIG. 8 without waiting for the operation switching time, and the operation state is shifted from the active state to the sleep state by the sleep control unit 413 or the status switching unit 414. The subsequent processing is repeated. That is, when a transmission right notification beacon that gives priority to other terminals is received (for example, arrow 216 in FIG. 5), when a sleep command beacon is received, or when a transmission destination of transmission data cannot be set, The operation mode is shifted to the normal mode, and the operation state is shifted to the sleep state.

  Next, an example of the flow of processing in the collision avoidance mode will be described. When the collision avoidance mode is entered, in step S301 in FIG. 10, the transmission reservation receiving unit 401 determines whether or not the data transmission reservation beacon (for example, the data transmission reservation beacon 184 in FIG. 5) is further received in the reception unit 312. To do. If it is determined that the data transmission reservation beacon is further received (for example, the arrow 216 in FIG. 5), the process proceeds to step S302. In step S302, the transmission right setting unit 441 sets the transmission right (which transmission terminal is allowed to transmit transmission data), and the timing setting unit 461 sets the transmission timing of the transmission right notification beacon at random, for example. . In step S303, the transmission right transmission unit 442 transmits a transmission right notification beacon (for example, the transmission right notification beacon 144 in FIG. 5) to the transmission terminal such as the transmission source of the data transmission reservation beacon at the set transmission timing. And transmitted from the transmission unit 311. When the transmission right notification beacon is transmitted, the process proceeds to step S304. If determined that the data transmission reservation beacon is not further received in step S301, the process proceeds to step S304. In step S304, the control information transmission unit 403 determines whether or not the transmission reservation period has elapsed, and returns the process to step S301 until it is determined that the transmission reservation period has elapsed, and repeats the subsequent processing. That is, the processing from step S301 to step S304 is repeatedly executed during the transmission reservation period. If it is determined in step S304 that the transmission reservation period has elapsed, the process proceeds to step S305.

  In step S <b> 305, the control information receiving unit 402 determines whether the receiving unit 312 has received a presence notification beacon or a data transmission reservation beacon. When it is determined that the data transmission reservation beacon is received by the control of the transmission reservation receiving unit 431 or the presence notification beacon (for example, the presence notification beacon 202 in FIG. 5) is received by the control of the presence notification receiving unit 432, The process proceeds to step S306. In step S306, the timing setting unit 471 sets the transmission timing of the sleep command beacon at random, for example. In step S307, the sleep command transmission unit 443 transmits a sleep command beacon (for example, the sleep command beacon 165 in FIG. 5) to the transmission source of the presence notification beacon or the data transmission reservation beacon at the set transmission timing. It is transmitted from the unit 311. When the sleep command beacon is transmitted, the process proceeds to step S308. If it is determined in step S305 that neither a presence notification beacon nor a data transmission reservation beacon is received, the process proceeds to step S308.

  In step S308, the transmission data receiving unit 404 determines whether or not the data transmission scheduled time has come, and if it is determined that the data transmission scheduled time has not come (the transmission data is not yet transmitted from another terminal 101), The process returns to step S305, and the subsequent processes are repeated. That is, the control unit 301 repeatedly executes the processing of step S305 to step S308 for the period from the end of the transmission reservation period to the scheduled data transmission time, and the detected operation of the other terminal 101 that is not the priority transmission terminal Transition the state to the sleep state. If it is determined in step S308 that the scheduled data transmission time has come, the process proceeds to step S309. In step S <b> 309, the transmission data reception unit 404 receives transmission data (for example, transmission data 145 in FIG. 5) transmitted from another terminal 101 at the reception unit 312. When reception of the transmission data is completed, the process returns to step S101 in FIG. 8, and the subsequent processes are repeated. That is, when reception of transmission data ends, the operation mode is shifted to the normal mode, and the operation state shifts to the sleep state at the operation switching time (for example, time T134 in FIG. 5).

  As described above, since the collision avoidance mode is provided in addition to the normal mode and the transmission mode, the receiving terminal selects the transmitting terminal that transmits the transmission data, and shifts the other terminals 101 to the sleep state. The control unit 301 can perform control so as to sufficiently suppress the occurrence of packet collision. This is particularly effective when applied to a network that performs power-saving intermittent communication control or flooding with a high probability of packet collision.

  FIG. 11 shows a simulation result for evaluating the performance of the collision avoidance (suppression) method of the present invention described above. In FIG. 11A, 64 terminals are arranged in a grid pattern, and a data packet is flooded from one corner in a grid mesh network in which the communication range of each terminal is a vertical and horizontal adjacent terminal (up to four terminals). Shows the arrival rate of packets to each terminal. In this network, the length of the operation cycle of the terminal is 1 cycle = 1000 slots (slot: unit of time managed by the terminal), and the active period per cycle in the normal mode is 15 slots. Clock drift is not considered, and the length of one slot is equal between terminals. The time required for transmission / reception of each control beacon is one slot. The data packet is assumed to be small in size, and the time required for transmission / reception is also set to one slot. It is assumed that each terminal has stopped operating in the initial state, and all terminals are started at a unique random timing within one cycle. Note that the time interval for setting the activation timing is finer than that of the slot, and therefore the slot timing is basically not uniform between terminals. In the second period, the terminal at the flooding start point possessing data enters the transmission mode, and flooding is started. The data packet is generated only once per trial, and the upper limit of the number of retransmissions is two. Further, the collision between the presence notification beacons is considered to have a sufficiently low probability, and is ignored here.

  In such a trial, a data packet is transmitted from the transmitting terminal to all active receiving terminals within a communicable range at a time. The terminal group that has received the data now operates as a transmitting terminal in the next round (hop), and similarly attempts to transmit data. Therefore, in the conventional method, transmission competition (packet collision) between terminals frequently occurs, and transmission and reception of data packets are likely to fail. In particular, in a lattice mesh network as shown in FIG. 11A, there is a very high possibility that a communication failure due to a data packet collision will occur at a terminal near a diagonal line including a point where flooding has started. is expected. On the other hand, in the case of the method to which the present invention is applied, the flooding success rate shows a decreasing tendency almost the same as that of the outline even inside the network, and its value is at least 93%. ing. This means that the technique to which the present invention is applied successfully avoids transmission contention between terminals without conventional countermeasures and succeeds in flooding with a certain high probability.

  FIG. 11B shows the result of a simulation performed on a one-dimensional network while changing the size of the data packet (packet length). In FIG. 11B, a dotted line shows a theoretical value and a solid line shows an actual simulation result. Even in a network where the density of the terminals 101 is not high, it is difficult to communicate a large size data packet at a time by the conventional method because of the possibility of collision. In the conventional method, it is assumed that one-time data packet communication is short, and it is assumed that the data packet is divided and transmitted. In this case, however, communication time and power are particularly required as there are more receiving terminals. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11B, the method to which the present invention is applied is a case where a data packet having a size that takes 1000 slots for communication is transmitted / received at a time, or even 20 hops away. Success can be achieved with a probability of 90% or more.

  Next, a specific application example of the technique to which the present invention described above is applied will be described. Here, the case where it applies to the data collection system in a sensor network is demonstrated. FIG. 12 shows a small example of a sensor network to which the present invention is applied. Each circle indicates a terminal. There are two data collection processes: a forward process (first process) from terminal a to the top and a downstream terminal (c, d), and a backward process (second process) upstream. It is divided into. In the forward process, information necessary for data collection is transmitted to the entire network, and in the backward process, sensor data is collected in the data collection terminal a. In addition, each terminal performs communication in the forward direction and the reverse direction by a flooding method using intermittent communication control (power saving intermittent communication control), and further suppresses the occurrence of a collision as described above. Communication control is performed.

[Forward transmission]
First, the control terminal a (route) that collects sensor data floods all sensor terminals in the network with a request packet for requesting sensor data. Each sensor terminal receiving the request packet collects sensor data using the sensor unit. By putting the time data in the request packet, a certain amount of time synchronization (sharing of the local time) for sensing becomes possible. This time synchronization means sharing of time information, and does not mean that the processing execution timing is made uniform between terminals. The request packet includes the ID of the root terminal a that is the transmission source and the “history” of the route through which the packet has passed. The terminal that has received the request packet stores the history of the route up to that point and the destination terminal ID of the next request packet in its own memory. The ID of the destination terminal can be known from the presence notification beacon. When transmitting a request packet, the route history is updated by adding the terminal ID of the terminal to the request packet to be transmitted. A terminal existing at the end of the network determines itself as a “terminal” when there is no terminal downstream from itself and the history recorded in the terminal has not been changed for a certain period of time.

[Reverse transmission]
The terminal that is determined to be the terminal itself traces the history included in the request packet, and transmits data to a terminal (upper terminal) that is one hop away in the reverse direction. A terminal that has completed reception from all terminals located around itself recognizes itself as a terminal after a certain period of time, and transmits a data packet to a higher-level terminal. Thereafter, the data packet transmission is repeated until the data collection terminal a is reached. The terminal that has finished transmitting the data packet goes to sleep until the specified time included in the request packet. It is assumed that a sufficient time is left between the two processes described above, and during that time, each terminal pauses the intermittent operation, sleeps completely, and enters a sleep state. The time for starting the backward process is transmitted in the forward process. Note that the period of the sleep state is arbitrary. For example, a sufficient period until the request packet is transmitted may be set, or this period may be set so that sensor data is acquired at a predetermined time. In addition, each terminal may be able to transmit sensor data at an arbitrary timing. The clocks of the terminals do not coincide with each other due to the error of the oscillator, and it is expected that the time information between the terminals greatly deviates during the long time interval and the collection start timing deviates. Since this deviation can be estimated to some extent, it is necessary to provide an appropriate margin to compensate for the deviation during the collection period.

[Responding to terminal failure / link disconnection]
Link disconnection due to terminal failure, change in communication environment, and the like can be determined from the history recorded in each terminal during flooding. This handling method will be specifically described with reference to FIG. a, b, c, and d are terminal IDs, respectively. Assuming flooding of request packets in the above arrangement, in normal operation, a message is first transmitted from a → b and then from b → c and b → d as shown in FIG. 12A. At that time, (a, b, c) is recorded in the history of terminal c, (a, b, d) is recorded in the history of terminal d, and (a, b, c) is recorded in the history of terminal b. And (a, b, d) are recorded. Here, it is assumed that the link between b and d disappears for some reason as shown in FIG. 12B. It means the link where the broken line part disappears. In this case, the request packet reaches the terminal d via the terminal c, which is a different route from that in FIG. 12A, and (a, b, c, d) is recorded in the history of the terminal d. Since b and d are not continuous in the history, the terminal d can determine that the link between b → d has been lost. Therefore, the detour path d → c → b → a is selected from the history, and the sensing data of terminal d, which is the terminal, is transmitted through the selected transmission path. In the reverse transmission process, the terminal b can also recognize the link loss between b → d. As described above, the transmission history for several hops and the ID of the root terminal are included in the data packet, so that it is possible to cope with the loss of the transmission path due to the failure of the terminal (unless the path is completely divided). it can. That is, more reliable data transmission can be realized.

  As described above, the method to which the present invention is applied can be applied to a case where data is transmitted to an unspecified number of partners and a case where data is transmitted to a specific partner. However, when data is transmitted to an unspecified number of other parties as in the flooding method, there is a high possibility of packet collision as described above. Therefore, by applying the present invention, a greater effect can be obtained. Can be obtained.

  Further, in the above description, each terminal 101 performs processing asynchronously. However, the processing timing is not necessarily aligned, and each terminal 101 can share time information. For example, when the sensor data acquired in the sensor unit 303 also includes time information of the time at which the measurement was performed, it is desirable that the time information be aligned between the terminals 101. In addition, for example, it is desirable that the above-described forward transmission period and reverse transmission period coincide between terminals so that each transmission is performed correctly. Further, for example, when the terminal 101 is provided with a complete sleep state in which the intermittent communication control is not performed (power consumption is smaller than that in the sleep state), a sleep period for maintaining the sleep state so that communication is performed correctly (in other words, It is preferable to match the terminals between periods other than the sleep period during which intermittent communication control is performed. For the purpose of such control, each terminal 101 may be allowed to share time information. Of course, each terminal 101 may be able to exchange time information in addition to the communication described above.

  As described above, the success rate of communication can be improved by applying the present invention. Further, it can be easily realized without requiring high synchronization accuracy, abundant calculation resources, and a large capacity battery. Therefore, for example, it can be mounted on a communication device whose capability is severely limited such as a terminal of a sensor network. The control to which the present invention is applied is particularly effective for a network that performs power-saving intermittent communication control and flooding with a high probability of packet collision.

  Specific examples of sensor networks include, for example, an environmental measurement system that measures the environment such as temperature and humidity in the natural world such as the ocean and mountains, a system that monitors the state of livestock and crops on a farm, and medical-related information in a hospital. Management system, traffic monitoring system for monitoring road traffic, system for monitoring product status in factories, etc., control system for controlling manufacturing equipment (robots), or managing air conditioning and lighting in buildings A system etc. can be considered. Of course, any other system may be used.

  The series of processes described above can be executed by hardware or can be executed by software. In this case, for example, it may be configured as a personal computer as shown in FIG. In FIG. 13, the CPU 601 of the personal computer 600 executes various processes according to a program stored in the ROM 602 or a program loaded from the storage unit 613 to the RAM 603. The RAM 603 also appropriately stores data necessary for the CPU 601 to execute various processes. The CPU 601, ROM 602, and RAM 603 are connected to each other via a bus 604. An input / output interface 610 is also connected to the bus 604. The input / output interface 610 includes an input unit 611 including a keyboard and a mouse, a display including a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) and an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), an output unit 612 including a speaker, a hard disk, and the like. A communication unit 614 including a storage unit 613 and a modem is connected. The communication unit 614 performs communication processing via a network including the Internet. A drive 615 is connected to the input / output interface 610 as necessary, and a removable medium 621 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a semiconductor memory is appropriately mounted, and a computer program read from them is loaded. Installed in the storage unit 613 as necessary.

  When the above-described series of processing is executed by software, a program constituting the software is installed from a network or a recording medium. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, the recording medium is distributed to distribute the program to the user separately from the apparatus main body, and includes a magnetic disk (including a flexible disk) on which the program is recorded, an optical disk ( It only consists of removable media 621 consisting of CD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory), DVD (including digital versatile disc), magneto-optical disc (including MD (mini disc)), or semiconductor memory. Rather, it is composed of a ROM 602 storing a program and a hard disk included in the storage unit 613, which is distributed to the user in a state of being incorporated in the apparatus main body in advance.

  In the present specification, the step of describing the program recorded on the recording medium is not limited to the processing performed in chronological order according to the described order, but is not necessarily performed in chronological order. It also includes processes that are executed individually. Further, in this specification, the system represents the entire apparatus constituted by a plurality of devices (apparatuses).

  In the above description, the configuration described as one device or processing unit may be divided and configured as a plurality of devices or a plurality of processing units. Conversely, the configurations described above as a plurality of devices and processing units may be combined into a single device and processing unit. Of course, configurations other than those described above may be added to the configuration of each device and each processing unit. Furthermore, if the configuration and operation of the entire system are substantially the same, a part of the configuration of a certain device or processing unit may be included in the configuration of another device or processing unit. That is, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

It is a figure which shows the mode of information transmission. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the network to which this invention is applied. It is a figure which shows the mode of the data transmission of the network of FIG. It is a figure which shows the mode of the process of information transmission in steps. It is a figure which shows the execution timing of each process regarding data transmission. It is a block diagram which shows the main structural examples of a terminal. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the functional block which a control part has. It is a flowchart explaining the example of the flow of a communication process. FIG. 9 is a flowchart following FIG. 8 for explaining an example of the flow of communication processing. FIG. 10 is a flowchart following FIG. 9 for explaining an example of the flow of communication processing. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of a simulation result. It is a figure which shows the small example of the sensor network to which this invention is applied. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the personal computer to which this invention is applied.

Explanation of symbols

  100 network, 101 terminal, 301 control unit, 302 communication unit, 303 sensor unit, 311 transmission unit, 312 reception unit, 401 transmission reservation reception unit, 402 control information reception unit, 403 control information transmission unit, 404 transmission data reception unit, 411 presence notification transmission unit, 412 sleep command reception unit, 413 sleep control unit, 414 status switching unit, 415 switching timing setting unit, 416 confirmation unit, 417 presence notification reception unit, 418 transmission reservation transmission unit, 419 transmission right reception unit, 420 history management unit, 421 transmission data transmission unit, 422 sensor data acquisition unit, 431 transmission reservation reception unit, 432 presence notification reception unit, 441 transmission right setting unit, 442 transmission right transmission unit, 443 sleep command transmission unit, 461 timing setting Department, 471 timing setting unit, 491 timing setting unit

Claims (20)

In a network for transmitting and receiving transmission data between a plurality of terminals, an information processing apparatus including a transmission unit and a reception unit and operating as the terminal,
First transmission reservation receiving means for receiving a transmission reservation, which is control information for requesting a reservation for information transmission, transmitted from another information processing apparatus operating as another terminal, via the receiving unit;
Control information receiving means for receiving, via the receiver, predetermined control information transmitted from another information processing apparatus for a predetermined period after the transmission reservation is received by the first transmission reservation receiving means;
When the control information is received by the control information receiving means, control information for controlling the operation of the other information processing apparatus is transmitted from the transmission unit to the other information processing apparatus that is the transmission source of the control information. Control information transmitting means for shifting the operating state of the other information processing apparatus other than the transmission source selected as the terminal that transmits the transmission data to the sleep state with low power consumption by transmitting,
An information processing apparatus comprising: transmission data receiving means for receiving the transmission data transmitted from the other information processing apparatus selected as a terminal that transmits the transmission data via the reception unit. The control information receiving means
Second transmission reservation receiving means for receiving the transmission reservation through the receiving unit for a predetermined period after the transmission reservation is received by the first transmission reservation receiving means;
Presence notification reception for receiving presence notification, which is control information for notifying the presence of the other information processing apparatus, for a predetermined period after the transmission reservation is received by the first transmission reservation receiving means. Means and
The control information transmitting means includes
Transmission right setting means for setting a transmission right that permits transmission of the transmission data by selecting a terminal that transmits the transmission data from the transmission source;
Transmission right transmission means for transmitting from the transmission unit a transmission right notification for notifying the transmission right of the transmission right set by the transmission right setting means;
For the other information processing apparatus to which the transmission right set by the transmission right setting unit is not granted, a sleep command for shifting the operation state to the sleep state as the control information from the transmission unit The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a sleep command transmission unit that transmits the information. When the second transmission reservation unit accepts the transmission reservation and receives the transmission reservation for a predetermined first period after the transmission reservation is received by the first transmission reservation receiving unit, the transmission right is A setting unit sets the transmission right, and a transmission right transmission unit transmits the transmission right notification.
The second transmission reservation receiving means accepts the transmission reservation for a predetermined second period after the end of the first period, and the presence notification receiving means accepts the presence notification, the transmission reservation or the The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein when a presence notification is received, the sleep command transmission unit transmits the sleep command. The transmission right setting means includes the transmission reservation included in the transmission reservation received by the first transmission reservation receiving means or the second transmission reservation receiving means, and the transmission right is not granted to the transmission reservation source. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein setting is made so that the transmission right is granted to the other information processing apparatus having the maximum number of times that the transmission right has not been granted in the past based on history information indicating the number of times. . The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the transmission right setting unit performs setting so as to grant the transmission right to the other information processing apparatus that has transmitted the transmission reservation first. The information according to claim 2, wherein the transmission right setting unit obtains a priority of the other information processing apparatus and performs setting so that the transmission right is given to the other information processing apparatus having the highest priority. Processing equipment. The information processing method according to claim 2, wherein the transmission right transmitting unit includes a timing setting unit that sets a transmission timing of the transmission right notification, and transmits the transmission right notification at the transmission timing set by the timing setting unit. apparatus. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sleep command transmission unit includes a timing setting unit that sets a transmission timing of the sleep command, and transmits the sleep command at the transmission timing set by the timing setting unit. The information processing apparatus further comprises presence notification transmitting means for transmitting the presence notification for notifying the other information processing apparatus of the presence of the information processing apparatus from the transmission unit. The first transmission reservation receiving means is transmitted by the presence notification transmitting means. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmission reservation transmitted from the other information processing apparatus is received in response to the presence notification. The information processing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the presence notification transmission unit includes a timing setting unit that sets a transmission timing of the presence notification, and transmits the presence notification at the transmission timing set by the timing setting unit. A sleep command receiving means for receiving a sleep command transmitted from another information processing device operating as another terminal and causing the operation state of the information processing device to shift to the sleep state via the receiving unit;
The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a sleep control unit that shifts an operation state of the information processing terminal to the sleep state when the sleep command is received by the sleep command reception unit. A switching means for switching the operation state of the information processing apparatus between the sleep state and an active state during normal operation at a predetermined time;
The first transmission reservation receiving means receives the transmission reservation when the operation state is an active state,
The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the switching unit shifts the operation state to the sleep state when reception of the transmission data by the transmission data receiving unit ends. Presence notification receiving means for receiving a presence notification, which is control information for notifying the presence of the other information processing apparatus, via the receiving unit;
Transmission reservation transmission means for transmitting the transmission reservation from the transmission unit to the transmission source of the presence notification received by the presence notification reception means;
A transmission right receiving means for receiving a transmission right notification for notifying a transmission right permitting transmission of the transmission data via the reception unit;
Transmission data transmission for transmitting the transmission data from the transmission unit when the transmission right notification is not received by the transmission right receiving means to notify the other information processing apparatus of granting the transmission right Means,
A sleep that causes the operating state of the information processing apparatus to transition to the sleep state when the transmission right receiving unit receives the transmission right notification that notifies the other information processing apparatus to grant the transmission right. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a control unit. Switching means for switching the operation state of the information processing apparatus between the sleep state and an active state during normal operation at a predetermined time;
The information processing apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising: a confirmation unit configured to confirm whether or not the transmission data is held when the switching unit shifts the operation state from the sleep state to the active state. The information processing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the transmission reservation transmission unit includes a timing setting unit configured to set a transmission timing of the transmission reservation, and transmits the transmission reservation at the transmission timing set by the timing setting unit. In a network for transmitting and receiving transmission data between a plurality of terminals, an information processing method for an information processing apparatus that includes a transmission unit and a reception unit and operates as the terminal,
The information processing apparatus is
A transmission reservation, which is control information for requesting a reservation for information transmission, transmitted from another information processing apparatus operating as another terminal is received via the receiving unit,
Receives predetermined control information transmitted from another information processing apparatus for a predetermined period after the transmission reservation is received via the receiving unit,
When the control information is received, by transmitting control information for controlling the operation of the other information processing apparatus from the transmission unit to the other information processing apparatus that is a transmission source of the control information, Among the transmission sources, the operation state of the other information processing apparatus other than the one selected as the terminal that transmits the transmission data is shifted to a sleep state with low power consumption,
An information processing method comprising: receiving, via the receiving unit, the transmission data transmitted from the other information processing apparatus selected as a terminal that transmits the transmission data. In a network for transmitting and receiving transmission data between a plurality of terminals, a program including a transmission unit and a reception unit, and causing a computer to execute an information processing method of an information processing apparatus that operates as the terminal,
The information processing method includes:
A transmission reservation, which is control information for requesting a reservation for information transmission, transmitted from another information processing apparatus operating as another terminal is received via the receiving unit,
Receives predetermined control information transmitted from another information processing apparatus for a predetermined period after the transmission reservation is received via the receiving unit,
When the control information is received, by transmitting control information for controlling the operation of the other information processing apparatus from the transmission unit to the other information processing apparatus that is a transmission source of the control information, Among the transmission sources, the operation state of the other information processing apparatus other than the one selected as the terminal that transmits the transmission data is shifted to a sleep state with low power consumption,
A program for receiving, via the receiving unit, the transmission data transmitted from the other information processing apparatus selected as a terminal that transmits the transmission data. A control terminal that has a transmission unit and a reception unit, alternately switches between an active state with high power consumption and a sleep state with low power consumption, and performs intermittent communication in which communication is performed only in the active state;
A data transmission method using a sensor network including the transmission unit, the reception unit, and a sensor unit that acquires sensor data that is a measurement result obtained by measuring a measurement target, and a plurality of sensor terminals that perform the intermittent communication. And
As a first step of transmitting a request packet for requesting the sensor data to all the sensor terminals by a flooding method,
The controlling terminal
Sending the request packet to the sensor terminal within a communicable range;
Each sensor terminal
A control signal is sent to other sensor terminals except for a terminal that is a transmission source of the request packet and another sensor terminal that receives the request packet transmitted from the transmission source terminal within a communicable range. To send to the sleep state,
While the other sensor terminal that has been shifted to the sleep state is in the sleep state, the request packet is received from the transmission source terminal,
Storing history information including a list of identification information of terminals that have transmitted and received the request packet, indicating a transmission path of the request packet, included in the request packet;
Adding the identification information of itself as a history to the history information of the request packet;
Sending the request packet to a sensor terminal other than the terminal that sent the request packet within the communicable range,
During the predetermined period, the intermittent communication is suspended and waited,
As a second step in which the control terminal collects the sensor data as a response to the request packet,
Each sensor terminal
After the predetermined period, the sensor data is acquired by the sensor unit,
Resume the intermittent communication, based on the stored history information, to the next terminal in the reverse order of the transmission path of the request packet, the acquired sensor data,
The control with respect to other terminals excluding the sensor terminal that is the transmission source of the sensor data and the other terminal that receives the sensor data transmitted from the sensor terminal that is the transmission source within the communicable range. Send a signal to the sleep state,
While the other terminal shifted to the sleep state is in the sleep state, the sensor data is received from the sensor terminal of the transmission source,
Based on the stored history information, further send the received sensor data to the next terminal in the reverse order of the transmission path of the request packet,
The control terminal is
Sending the control signal to the other sensor terminal other than the sensor terminal that is the transmission source of the sensor data within the communicable range to shift to the sleep state,
A data transmission method including a step of receiving the sensor data from the sensor terminal of the transmission source while the other terminal shifted to the sleep state is in the sleep state. In the second step,
Each sensor terminal
Before sending the sensor data, determine whether you are at the end of the network,
If it is not possible to confirm the presence of another sensor terminal to which the request packet is transmitted within the communicable range, and the history information stored has not been changed for a predetermined period of time, the sensor is identified as the sensor. Judge that it is the sensor terminal at the end of the network,
The data transmission method according to claim 18, further comprising: transmitting the sensor data to a next terminal in a reverse order of a transmission path of the request packet based on the stored history information. In the first step,
Each sensor terminal
Receiving a plurality of the request packets transmitted by different transmission paths;
Store each history information included in each request packet,
In the second step,
Each sensor terminal
Based on the history information stored, the communication status between the terminals is grasped, an appropriate transmission path is determined, the appropriate history information is selected, and the transmission path of the request packet in the selected history information The data transmission method according to claim 18, further comprising: transmitting the sensor data to a next terminal in the reverse order.

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