JP5152949B2 - Weight calculation method, weight calculation device, adaptive array antenna, and radar device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a weight calculation method suitable for detecting a reflected signal from a target by suppressing unnecessary waves by weight control, a weight calculation device using the weight calculation method, and an adaptive array employing the weight calculation device. The present invention relates to an antenna and a radar apparatus incorporating the adaptive array antenna.

  In recent years, in order to further improve the target detection accuracy, pulse radar apparatuses have incorporated an adaptive array antenna to perform so-called adaptive null steering. This adaptive null steering performs weight control on the phase and amplitude of the received signal in the adaptive array antenna, and the received combined beam is set so that the directivity in the direction in which an unwanted wave such as an interference wave arrives becomes zero (null). It is a process to form. The adaptive array antenna used for such applications properly forms the received combined beam even in an environment where a large number of delayed signals arrive or an environment where unnecessary waves such as clutter and jamming waves exist. Therefore, it is required to perform weight control.

  Therefore, a weight control method that employs a space-time adaptive signal processing (STAP) method is attracting attention in an adaptive array antenna. This spatio-temporal adaptive signal processing (STAP) system can improve SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), and can perform good beam formation with directivity in the arrival direction of unnecessary waves close to zero. Has characteristics.

  In the space-time adaptive signal processing (STAP) system, the following processing is performed. First, a target reflected signal is received by a plurality (M) of antennas (element antennas, that is, channels) arranged in an array, and the received signal is converted into a range (distance) cell (range) corresponding to the received pulse width. cell) is stored in the corresponding cell positions of all the processing range cells formed so as to be continuous with a predetermined length on the time axis. Then, from the stored data, the covariance matrix is calculated from the data of the range cell excluding the range cell that is assumed to contain the target signal (referred to as the processing applied range cell), that is, the cell that is assumed to be formed only from unnecessary waves. To do. Finally, the beam combining circuit performs weight control on the antenna reception signal using the adaptive weight calculated based on the covariance matrix.

  In weight control in this space-time adaptive signal processing method, weight calculation for each range cell is performed in a weight calculation circuit in order to calculate adaptive weight. A multistage Wiener Filter (MWF) method is known as one method for this weight calculation (see Non-Patent Document 1).

However, although Non-Patent Document 1 describes a weight calculation method for setting the direction of unnecessary waves to zero, there is no description regarding a method for determining the number of processing stages when this method is applied. For this reason, conventionally, a method is used in which the processing stage is determined by determining the size of the eigenvalue obtained by eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix calculated from the obtained data. there were.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOL. 44, NO. 7, NOVEMBER 1998 “A Multistage Representation of the Wiener Filter Based on Orthogonal Projections”

  As described above, in the spatio-temporal adaptive signal processing method based on the weight control of the adaptive array antenna used in the conventional radar apparatus, the processing stage is not increased when calculating the weight for making the unnecessary wave direction zero. There was no effective means of determining the number.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in the space-time adaptive signal processing system based on weight control, the calculation amount does not increase and the number of processing stages is not increased when calculating the weight for zero unnecessary wave direction. An object of the present invention is to provide a weight calculation method, a weight calculation device, an adaptive array antenna, and a radar device that can be automatically determined.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the weight calculation method according to the present invention provides a target reflected signal of a radar pulse received via an antenna for a plurality of processing range cells having a length corresponding to a predetermined distance on the time axis. The received combined beam is stored in the corresponding cell position according to the reception timing, and the arrival direction of the unwanted wave is zero with respect to the arrival direction of the target reflected signal using the values stored in the plurality of processing range cells. Weights with respect to the phase and amplitude of the received signal to form a signal in stages at a plurality of processing stages, and monitoring changes in variables representing errors calculated at each processing stage in the weight calculation process. , The transition to the next processing stage is stopped when the variable exceeds the reference value.

  In addition, the weight calculation device according to the present invention provides a target reflected signal of a radar pulse received via an antenna in accordance with a reception timing with respect to a plurality of processing range cells having a length corresponding to a predetermined distance on the time axis. Using the storage means stored in the corresponding cell position and the values stored in the plurality of processing range cells, a reception combined beam is formed so that the arrival direction of the unnecessary wave is zero with respect to the arrival direction of the target reflected signal. Calculating means for calculating weights for the phase and amplitude of the received signal in stages at a plurality of processing stages, wherein the calculating means calculates errors calculated at each processing stage during the weight calculation process. The change of the variable to be expressed is monitored, and when the variable exceeds the reference value, the transition to the next processing stage is stopped.

  An adaptive array antenna according to the present invention is an adaptive array antenna in which a plurality of element antennas are arranged in an array, and the target reflected signal of a radar pulse is received by being directed in an arbitrary direction. At a corresponding cell position along the reception timing for a plurality of processing range cells having a length corresponding to a predetermined distance on the time axis, and using the values stored in the plurality of processing range cells, the target reflected signal The weight for the phase and amplitude of the received signal for forming the received combined beam so that the direction of arrival of the unwanted wave is zero with respect to the direction of arrival of the received signal is calculated stepwise in a plurality of processing stages, and the weight is calculated In the process, the change of the variable representing the error calculated in each processing stage is monitored, and when the variable exceeds the reference value, the next processing step is performed. Captures the adaptive weights obtained by stopping the transition to over-di, and forming a received composite beam by the adaptive weight by performing a wait control for said target reflected signals.

The radar apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of element antennas arranged in an array, receives a target reflection signal of a radar pulse by being directed in an arbitrary direction, and applies the given adaptive weight to the target reflection signal. An adaptive array antenna that performs weight control to form a received combined beam;
The target reflected signal is stored in a corresponding cell position along the reception timing for a plurality of processing range cells having a length corresponding to a predetermined distance on the time axis, and values stored in the plurality of processing range cells are used. Weights with respect to the phase and amplitude of the received signal for forming a received combined beam so that the direction of arrival of unwanted waves is zero with respect to the direction of arrival of the target reflected signal is calculated in stages in a plurality of processing stages; In the weight calculation process, a change in a variable expressing an error calculated in each processing stage is monitored, and when the variable exceeds a reference value, the transition to the next processing stage is stopped to stop the adaptive weight. And a signal processing device for detecting a target from a target reflected signal subjected to weight control by the adaptive array antenna. And wherein the door.

  That is, in the weight calculation method according to the present invention, the number of processing stages in the weight calculation method for making the arrival direction of the unnecessary wave zero with respect to the arrival direction of the target reflected signal is calculated in the weight derivation process. Since it is automatically determined by the variable representing the error, the calculation time can be increased and the number of processing stages can be automatically determined.

  Since the weight calculation apparatus of the present invention uses the weight calculation method capable of reducing the processing amount as described above, the time for weight calculation can be shortened.

  As described above, the adaptive array antenna according to the present invention employs the weight calculation circuit capable of shortening the time for weight calculation, so that a good combined beam can be formed in a short time.

  Since the radar apparatus of the present invention incorporates an adaptive array antenna capable of forming a combined beam in a short time as described above, the target can be quickly captured.

  As described above, according to the present invention, in the spatio-temporal adaptive signal processing method using weight control, when calculating the weight to make the unnecessary wave direction zero, the number of processing stages is expressed as the error calculated in the weight derivation process. Therefore, it is possible to provide a weight calculation method, a weight calculation device, an adaptive array antenna, and a radar device that can shorten the calculation time.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  First, an MWF (Multistage Wiener Filter) method as one method of weight calculation described in Non-Patent Document 1 will be described.

In the MWF system, when the direction matrix in the arrival direction of the received signal X is A, the complex amplitude vector is S, and the thermal noise given by the mean 0 and the variance σ 2 is n, the received signal X is expressed by the following equation (1). expressed.

When a target signal is received by M element antennas #m (m: 1 to M) arranged in an array with an interval dx, the wavelength of the received frequency signal is λ (Λ), and D arrivals A steering vector a (θd) that determines the arrival direction of the target signal d (d: 1 to D) is expressed by the following equation (2).

Further, the direction matrix Aθ for the spatial sequence is expressed by the following equation (3).

Therefore, the steering vector a (fd) that determines the arrival direction of the target signal d is expressed by the following equation (4).

From this, the direction matrix Af for the time series is expressed by the following equation (5).

Therefore, the direction matrix A (θ, f) is expressed by the following equation (6).

Using the spatio-temporal steering vector a (θd, fd) expressed by

  Here, the weight calculation in the MWF is described in Non-Patent Document 1. FIG. 1 shows a processing flow of the weight calculation method in the MWF described in Non-Patent Document 1. In the processing shown in FIG. 1, forward regression (backward recursion) and backward regression (backward recursion) are performed in a plurality of processing stages.

In the forward regression process, the following process is performed.

On the other hand, in the backward regression process, the following process is performed.

  The number of processing stages at the time of weight calculation as described above is conventionally determined from the size of the eigenvalue obtained by eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix calculated from the obtained data, and processing is performed based on the determination result. A method for determining the stage is used. As an example, FIG. 2 shows the size of the eigenvalue calculated by eigenvalue decomposition in the method of determining the number of processing stages by eigenvalue decomposition. In this example, for example, if the eigenvalue size is 30 dB, the weight can be obtained with the optimum number of processing stages, but the number of processing stages cannot be determined until all eigenvalue sizes are obtained. As described above, conventionally, extra operations have been forced.

Therefore, the MWF weight calculation method according to the present invention automatically determines the number of processing stages and obtains weights by determining the size of the variable ξ _n calculated in the weight derivation process for each processing stage. In other words, in the backward regression process, among the variables w _i , δ _i , and ξ _i , the variable ξ _i corresponds to an error in each stage. From this, it can be seen that the optimum number of ranks (number of stages) is obtained when the value of the variable ξ _i becomes smaller (approaching 0). Therefore, in the present invention, the stage analysis of the MWF is stopped when the variable ξ _i becomes smaller than the set reference value.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the weight calculation method according to the present invention. In FIG. 3, first, forward regression processing of the i-th (initial value = 1) stage is performed (step S1), and then backward regression processing of the i-th stage is performed (step S2). At this time, it is determined whether or not the variable ξ _i is lower than a threshold value α (for example, = 30 dB) (step S3). If not lower, the process returns to step S1 and proceeds to the next stage. If it is determined in step S3 that the variable ξ _i is lower than the threshold value α, the MWF regression process is stopped (step S4), and the weight calculation process is executed (step S5).

Here, FIG. 4 shows the eigenvalues calculated by eigenvalue decomposition and changes in the variable ξ _n calculated in the weight derivation process (M = 8, N = 8, number of sample data 64). As is clear from FIG. 4, the change in the eigenvalue calculated by eigenvalue decomposition and the change in the variable ξ _n calculated in the weight derivation process substantially coincide. Therefore, in the present invention, the variable ξ _n is compared with the threshold value α at each stage and the change is monitored, and the transition to the next stage is stopped when the variable ξ _n falls below the threshold value α. As described above, by applying the present invention, it is possible to automatically determine the number of processing stages determined and determined from the variable eigenvalues.

  Therefore, according to the weight calculation method of the present invention, since the number of stages is automatically determined based on the variable calculated in the weight derivation process, the calculation time can be increased.

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a weight calculation apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 11 denotes a CPU (arithmetic processing unit), which is connected to a program storage ROM 13, a data input / output interface (I / O) 14, and a temporary data storage RAM 15 through a bus 12. The ROM 13 stores an MWF weight calculation program based on the flowchart shown in FIG. 3. When an instruction to start processing is given, the CPU 11 loads the program from the ROM 13 and takes in the data via the data input / output interface 14. Then, the data is temporarily stored in the RAM 15, data is appropriately read from the RAM 15, the MWF weight calculation process shown in FIG. 3 is executed, and the obtained weight calculation result is output from the interface 14.

  Since the weight calculation apparatus of the present invention having the above configuration uses the weight calculation method according to the present invention that can reduce the processing amount, the time for weight calculation can be shortened. Therefore, this weight calculation device is employed in an adaptive array antenna to calculate weights for input / output of individual antenna elements. According to this, since the time for calculating the weight is shortened, it is possible to form a good synthesized beam in a short time.

  Incidentally, adaptive array antennas are employed in radar devices such as a synthetic aperture radar device for capturing a target. Therefore, since the combined beam can be formed in a short time by employing the weight calculation device of the present invention for the adaptive array antenna as described above, the radar device using this antenna has a target. It becomes possible to capture more quickly. In particular, when applied to an aperture synthesis radar apparatus, a synthetic beam is formed in an adaptive array antenna in a short time as described above, so that the target shape can be quickly grasped.

  As an example of the radar apparatus, FIG. 6 shows a schematic block configuration diagram of a radar apparatus in which a weight calculation apparatus in space-time adaptive signal processing to which the present invention is applied is incorporated. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 21 denotes an adaptive array antenna that receives a target reflected signal of a radar pulse with M antenna elements. Each element output of the antenna 21 is received and detected by the receiving unit 22 and sent to the data storage unit 23. In the data storage unit 23, a storage area corresponding to a processing range cell having a length corresponding to a predetermined distance is prepared in advance, and input data is sequentially stored in a storage area at a corresponding cell position according to the reception timing.

  Here, a part of the antenna element output is sent to the reference signal estimation unit 24 and used as a reference for the amplitude and phase of the received signal. The excitation unit 26 periodically excites the reference signal estimation unit 24 and the reference signal generation unit 25 to estimate and generate a reference signal for weight calculation of each range cell corresponding to a predetermined distance.

  The accumulated data in the data accumulation unit 23 is sent to the spatiotemporal adaptive signal processing unit 27. The spatio-temporal adaptive signal processing unit 27 uses the weight calculation circuit 271 to generate a covariance matrix from data of a range cell excluding a range cell that is assumed to include a target signal, that is, a cell that is assumed to be formed only from unnecessary waves. Calculate. Finally, the beam combining circuit 272 performs weight control on the antenna reception signal with the adaptive weight calculated based on the covariance matrix to obtain output data.

In the weight control in the spatio-temporal adaptive signal processing system having the above configuration, the weight calculation circuit 271 performs weight calculation for each range cell in order to calculate the adaptive weight. This weight calculation circuit 271 employs the weight calculation method described above, that is, the method of automatically determining the number of processing stages based on the variable ξ _n calculated in the weight derivation process. As a result, the calculation time can be increased.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.

The figure which shows the flow of a process of the weight calculation method in MWF described in the nonpatent literature 1. The characteristic view which shows the change of the magnitude | size of the eigenvalue calculated by eigenvalue decomposition. The flowchart which shows the process sequence of the weight calculation method which concerns on this invention. The characteristic view which shows the change of the magnitude | size of the eigenvalue calculated by eigenvalue decomposition, and the change of the variable (xi) _n by this invention. The block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the weight calculation apparatus which concerns on this invention. The schematic block block diagram of the radar apparatus in which the weight calculation apparatus in the space-time adaptive signal processing to which this invention was applied was incorporated.

Explanation of symbols

  11 ... CPU, 12 ... bus, 13 ... ROM for program storage, 14 ... data input / output interface, 15 ... RAM for temporary storage of data, 21 ... adaptive array antenna, 22 ... receiver, 23 ... data storage, 24 ... reference Signal estimation unit 25. Reference signal generation unit 26. Excitation unit 27 27 Spatio-temporal adaptive signal processing unit 271 Weight calculation circuit 272 Beam synthesis circuit

Claims (8)

A target reflected signal of a radar pulse received via an antenna is stored in a corresponding cell position along a reception timing with respect to a plurality of processing range cells having a length corresponding to a predetermined distance on the time axis,
Using the values stored in the plurality of processing range cells, with respect to the phase and amplitude of the received signal for forming a received combined beam so that the arrival direction of the unwanted wave becomes zero with respect to the arrival direction of the target reflected signal A weight calculation method for calculating weights stepwise by a multistage Wiener Filter (MWF) method in which forward regression calculation processing and backward regression calculation processing are executed in a plurality of processing stages ,
In the weight calculation process, a change in a variable that is used in the backward regression process of the MWF in each processing stage and expresses an error of unnecessary wave power calculated in the forward regression process is monitored, and the variable is a reference A weight calculation method characterized by stopping the transition to the next processing stage when the value falls below the value. The weight is calculated by calculating a covariance matrix from data of cells assumed to be formed only from unnecessary waves and calculating an adaptive weight based on the covariance matrix, and is used for the covariance matrix. The weight calculation method according to claim 1, wherein a change representing an error is monitored for each processing stage. Storage means for storing a target reflected signal of a radar pulse received via an antenna at a corresponding cell position along a reception timing with respect to a plurality of processing range cells having a length corresponding to a predetermined distance on a time axis;
Using the values stored in the plurality of processing range cells, with respect to the phase and amplitude of the received signal for forming a received combined beam so that the arrival direction of the unwanted wave becomes zero with respect to the arrival direction of the target reflected signal Calculating means for calculating weights stepwise in a multistage Wiener Filter (MWF) method in which forward regression calculation processing and backward regression calculation processing are executed in a plurality of processing stages ;
The calculation means monitors a change in a variable representing an error of unnecessary wave power used in the backward regression process of the MWF in each processing stage in the process of calculating the weight, and is calculated in the forward regression process. The weight calculation device is characterized in that the transition to the next processing stage is stopped when the variable falls below the reference value. The calculation means calculates a covariance matrix from data of cells assumed to be formed only from unnecessary waves , calculates an adaptive weight based on the covariance matrix, and an error used for the covariance matrix 4. The weight calculation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a change is monitored for each processing stage with respect to a variable that expresses.   The weight calculation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the calculation unit calculates the weight using a reference signal or an estimated reference signal corresponding to the target reflection signal. An adaptive array antenna in which a plurality of element antennas are arranged in an array, the direction of which is controlled in an arbitrary direction and a target reflected signal of a radar pulse is received,
The target reflected signal is stored in a corresponding cell position along the reception timing for a plurality of processing range cells having a length corresponding to a predetermined distance on the time axis, and values stored in the plurality of processing range cells are used. Weights for the phase and amplitude of the received signal to form a received combined beam so that the direction of arrival of unwanted waves is zero with respect to the direction of arrival of the target reflected signal , forward regression calculation processing and backward regression calculation processing A multistage Wiener Filter (MWF) method that is executed in a plurality of processing stages is used to calculate in stages, and in the weight calculation process, the MWF is used in the backward regression process of the MWF in each processing stage, next process at the time of monitoring the change in the variable representing the error of the undesired wave power calculated in the forward recursion process, the variable falls below the reference value Captures the adaptive weights obtained by stopping the transition to stage, adapter Tipu array antenna and forming the received combined beam performs weight control for said target reflected signal by said adaptive weights. A plurality of element antennas are arranged in an array, the target reflection signal of the radar pulse is received by being controlled in an arbitrary direction, and a weighted control is performed on the target reflection signal with a given adaptive weight to form a reception combined beam An adaptive array antenna,
The target reflected signal is stored in a corresponding cell position along the reception timing for a plurality of processing range cells having a length corresponding to a predetermined distance on the time axis, and values stored in the plurality of processing range cells are used. Weights for the phase and amplitude of the received signal to form a received combined beam so that the direction of arrival of unwanted waves is zero with respect to the direction of arrival of the target reflected signal , forward regression calculation processing and backward regression calculation processing A multistage Wiener Filter (MWF) method that is executed in a plurality of processing stages is used to calculate in stages, and in the weight calculation process, the MWF is used in the backward regression process of the MWF in each processing stage, next process at the time of monitoring the change in the variable representing the error of the undesired wave power calculated in the forward recursion process, the variable falls below the reference value A weight calculating unit for generating said adaptive weights by stopping the transition to stage,
A radar apparatus, comprising: a signal processing device that detects a target from a target reflection signal that has been subjected to weight control by the adaptive array antenna.   The radar apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the signal processing device detects a target shape.

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