JP5150760B2 - Shaft box support structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an elastic body for supporting a shaft box, and more specifically, there are currently most examples of applications from ordinary trains to Shinkansen (registered trademark) , and a shaft box such as a shaft beam type carriage using a coil spring for suspension of the shaft box. It is related with the axle box support structure suitable for the trolley | bogie which has.

  As a cart having a conventional axle box supporting elastic body, for example, a shaft beam type cart, one disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known. That is, the shaft box is connected to the tip end portion, and the base end portion is swingably supported on the carriage frame, and the portion of the carriage frame located above the axle box and the upper and lower portions of the axle box. A shaft having an intervening coil spring, an axle box supporting elastic body interposed between the upper and lower sides of the axle box and the coil spring, and a damper interposed between the tip of the shaft beam and the tip of the carriage frame A beam-type trolley is constructed. The vibration received on the axle is attenuated by the coil spring and the damper before being transmitted to the carriage frame, and the axle box and the coil spring are in contact with each other in a state of being isolated from each other by the axle box supporting elastic body. Structure.

  In the bogie structure, the axle box supporting elastic body interposed between the coil spring and the axle box has a short vertical width and is flat as disclosed in FIGS. The structure is a sandwich structure composed of a flat rubber layer having a circular donut shape and a steel plate flange (disc) integrally provided above and below the rubber layer. With such an elastic body, the load acting between the coil spring and the upper surface of the axle box is configured to be transmitted in a wide area while being buffered by the rubber layer.

  Recently, as shown in FIG. 8, it has been tried to make the axle box 1 made of a light alloy such as an aluminum alloy in order to reduce the weight and improve the strength of the axle beam. A structure in which the rubber layer 12 is directly placed on the upper surface 1T of the axle box 1 in order to prevent damage to the axle box due to contact with a metal flange such as a steel plate or carbon steel, that is, a structure having no lower metal flange. An elastic body 6 for supporting a shaft box having a (lower flangeless structure) has been proposed. However, it has been discovered that new disadvantages arise due to the proposed configuration.

JP 2004-148947 A

  That is, when the elastic body 6 for supporting the axle box having the lower flangeless structure is used, the load support is maintained by the frictional force on the surface (bottom surface) of the rubber layer 12, and the elastic body 6 for supporting the axle box is compressed. Each time a load is applied, the rubber layer 12 swells laterally and escapes. In this case, since the vulcanization adhesion surface with the upper flange 11 is constrained and the rubber layer 12 is deformed laterally with reference to the surface, the vulcanization adhesion with the upper flange 11 is caused by repeated load over the period of use. There is a risk that peeling or cracking may occur on the surface (sticking surface), or a tearing crack may occur in the portion of the rubber layer 12 on the axle box 1 side. In particular, as shown in FIG. 8, in order to prevent rotation of the axle box supporting elastic body 6 and to distribute the load, the upper surface 1 </ b> T central portion of the axle box 1 has a stepped surface shape, and the upper and lower planar portions thereof. When it is set to a shape having an inclined surface 1c that connects 1a and 1b, the escape displacement behavior of the rubber layer 12 to the lateral outside due to the compressive load becomes large, and the above problem becomes more prominent.

This onset Ming, the protective purpose and the like of the axle box top, axle box supporting elastic body interposed between the coil spring disposed axle boxes and its directly above, on the upper surface an elastic material such as rubber Even in the case of a lower flangeless structure consisting of an upper flange that is bonded and integrated, inconveniences such as peeling and cracking of the elastic member due to repeated compression loads are avoided, and it is provided as a function that can function well is there. Therefore, the purpose that you obtain improved axle boxes supporting structure so while using the axle box supporting the elastic member of the lower flange-less structure, the disadvantages of the peeling and cracks in the axle box supporting the elastic body does not occur And

The invention according to claim 1 includes an axle box 1, a suspension coil spring 5 disposed above the axle box 1, and an axle box support elastic body 6 interposed between the axle box 1 and the coil spring 5. In a shaft box support structure comprising:
The axle box supporting elastic body 6 is adhered to the upper flange 11 made of a hard plate on which the lower spring seat 9 of the coil spring 5 is placed, and the lower face of the upper flange 11, and the axle box 1 and an elastic member 12 mounted on the upper surface 1T, and the inner end portion of the bottom surface of the elastic member 12 is set to an inclined surface 12b that is closer to the inner side, and the elastic member 12 is arranged at the center portion. The outer shape of the elastic member 12 when the compressive load in the direction in which the axial box 1 and the coil spring 5 approach each other is applied to the elastic body 6 for supporting the axial box while being matched with the upper surface shape of the raised axle box 1. A lateral deviation restricting means K capable of restricting the damage of the sticking surface between the upper flange 11 and the elastic member 12 due to the lateral expansion deformation of the end portion and / or the lateral expansion deformation is configured. Is.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the axle box support structure according to the first aspect , the lateral displacement regulating means K is set to an inclined surface 1d that approaches the outer end of the axle box upper surface 1T toward the outer side. and it is characterized in that it is constituted by.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, as will be described in detail in the section of the embodiment, the lateral displacement restricting means for the elastic body for supporting the axle box having the elastic member mounted directly on the upper surface of the axle box is provided. When the compressive load is applied to the elastic body for supporting the axle box, the elastic member may be laterally expanded, that is, bulged and deformed so as to protrude toward the lower side with respect to the vulcanized adhesion end with the upper flange. Regulated, the inconvenience of peeling or cracking on the vulcanized adhesive surface, and the risk of tearing cracks due to friction with the upper surface of the axle box are improved or eliminated. As a result, the elastic body for supporting the axle box, which is interposed between the axle box and the coil spring disposed immediately above, is composed of an elastic member such as rubber and an upper flange bonded and integrated on the upper surface thereof. Even in the case of a flangeless structure, it is possible to avoid inconveniences such as peeling and cracking of the adhesive surface between the upper flange and the elastic member due to repeated compression loads, or tearing cracks on the axle box side of the elastic member, etc. It can be provided as something that can function.

And, in order to match the shape of the upper surface of the axle box with the raised central part as in claim 1 , if the inner end part of the elastic member has an inclined surface that approaches the inner side, the compressive load The lateral displacement restricting means functions effectively against the force that pushes the elastic member laterally outward by the pressure contact between the inclined surface and the axle box when acting. Therefore, even if a shaft box shape that is disadvantageous with respect to the elastic member in which the central portion is raised is adopted, a preferred shaft box that functions well, with inconveniences such as peeling and cracking of the sticking surface being regulated by the lateral displacement regulating means . A support structure can be provided.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided means for directly restricting the protruding deformation of the elastic member on the shaft box side by forming an inclined surface that is closer to the outer side at the outer end portion of the shaft box upper surface. If it adopts, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to modify the elastic body for supporting the axle box, and that the effects and effects of the invention of claim 1 can be obtained more efficiently while improving the strength of the axle box.

Side view of main part showing suspension structure of shaft beam type carriage and axle box (Example 1) Side view of a partly cutout showing the structure of the elastic body of FIG. Partial plan view of FIG. Side view of a partially cut-out showing the first separate structure of the elastic body Side view of a partially cut-out showing the second alternative structure of the elastic body Side view of a partially cut-out showing the third separate structure of the elastic body The side view of the notch which shows the axle box support structure by Example 2 Side view of the main part showing the conventional suspension structure of a shaft beam type carriage and axle box

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a shaft box supporting elastic body and a shaft box supporting structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings when applied to a suspension structure of a shaft beam type carriage. 1 is a side view of a main part showing a shaft beam type carriage and its suspension structure, FIGS. 2 and 3 are side views and plan views showing a structure of an axle box supporting elastic body, and FIGS. 4 to 6 are first different structures. -It is a side view of a partly cutout of the main part showing an axle box supporting elastic body according to a third different structure . FIG. 7 is a partially cutaway side view of the main part showing the axle box support structure as the second embodiment , and FIG. 8 is a side view of the main part showing a conventional shaft beam type carriage and its suspension structure.

[Example 1]
FIG. 1 shows a main part of a shaft beam type carriage. A shaft box 1 is integrally connected to a distal end portion, and a base end portion is swung on a stay 2A of the carriage frame 2 at a fulcrum X facing left and right. The shaft beam 3 that can be supported, the receiving frame (an example of the “portion located above the axle box in the carriage frame”) 4 that is a part of the carriage frame 2 that is located above the axle box 1, and the axle box 1. A coil spring (shaft spring) 5 interposed between the upper and lower sides, and a shaft box supporting elastic body (hereinafter simply referred to as “elastic body”) 6 interposed between the upper and lower sides of the shaft box 1 and the coil spring 5; The shaft beam type carriage A is configured to have a shaft damper 7 or the like interposed between the tip end portion 2 a of the carriage frame 2 and the tip end portion 3 a of the shaft beam 3.

  The axle box 1 is a box-shaped body made of an aluminum alloy (other metal may be used) including a bearing (bearing: not shown) that rotatably supports the axle 8 around the axle axis Z. The wheel (not shown) and the axle 8 are smoothly rotated while supporting the wheel. At the upper end of the axle box 1, an upper surface (ceiling surface) 1T having a two-stage horizontal plane with raised front and rear central portions and having a rectangular shape in plan view is formed, and the axle center Z is the center. A cylindrical mandrel 1S is integrally formed. The upper surface 1T is a pair of front and rear inclined upper surfaces 1c that connect the upper and lower upper surfaces 1a and 1b that extend horizontally to the left and right, the lower upper surface 1b that is basically the front and rear ends, the horizontal upper surface 1a that has the center 1S. And have.

  The shaft beam 3 is formed on an arm member made of an aluminum alloy (other metal may be used) in which the shaft box 1 and the tip 3a are integrally formed. With the structure in which the bogie frame 2 is received by the bobbin frame 2 by the coil spring 5 and the shaft damper 7 via the elastic body 6, the shaft beam 3 that can swing at the fulcrum X is transmitted to the bogie frame 2 through vibrations acting on the axle 8 due to traveling or the like. A suspension device B is constructed that dampens forward.

  Next, the suspension structure (shaft box support structure) of the axle box 1 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a ceiling wall 1 </ b> T located at the upper end of the axle box 1 and a lower spring seat (“lower spring seat”) of the coil spring 5 whose upper end is received by the bottomless box-shaped receiving frame 4. An example) The elastic body 6 is interposed between the upper and lower sides of 9. The lower spring seat 9 and the elastic body 6 having a circular shape in plan view are mounted in a state of being fitted to the mandrel 1S. The mandrel 1S is formed in a cylindrical protrusion centered on a vertical line Y passing through the axle center Z. Incidentally, 9h is a hole formed in the lower spring seat 9 for passing the mandrel 1S.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the elastic body 6 is attached to the upper flange 11 made of a thick metal plate (an example of a hard plate) that comes into surface contact with the lower spring seat 9 and the ceiling wall 1 </ b> T of the axle box 1. It is comprised in the thing of the lower flangeless structure which consists of a thick rubber layer (an example of an elastic member) 12 which carries out surface contact, These two persons 11 and 12 are vulcanization adhesion (adhesion with an adhesive agent may be sufficient), for example It is stuck and integrated by. The planar shapes of the two parties 11 and 12 are both rectangular with squares cut obliquely. The rectangle in this case is a rectangle having two sides parallel to the axle center Z and two sides orthogonal to the axle center Z. The upper flange 11 is formed with an insertion hole 11h for passing the mandrel 1S.

  The rubber layer 12 is composed of a pair of front and rear rubber plates 12A and 12B having a horizontally long plan view arranged with the axle center Z in between. That is, the rubber layer 12 is configured as a pair of independent elastic layers (plate rubbers 12A and 12B) that are arranged in the front and rear of the axle center Z in a state of extending in the axle direction. These front and rear plate-like rubbers 12A and 12B have a line-symmetric shape with respect to the axle center Z, and the parts are the same as each other. The shape and the like will be described with a front plate-like rubber (an example of a front elastic layer) 12A. . In addition, the code | symbol corresponding to 12 A of front plate-like rubber is attached to the back plate-like rubber (an example of a back elastic layer) 12B, and the description shall also be made.

The front rubber plate 12A has a horizontal lower surface 12c that can contact the lower upper surface 1b and an inclined surface (inclined bottom surface) 12b that can contact the inclined upper surface 1c, and is vulcanized and bonded to the lower surface of the upper flange 11. In this state, the front plate rubber 12A is placed on the upper surface 1T of the axle box 1 and the front plate rubber 12A undergoes lateral expansion deformation when a compressive load in the direction in which the axle box 1 and the coil spring 5 approach each other acts on the front plate rubber 12A. First and second lateral displacement restricting means (an example of lateral displacement restricting means K) K1, K2 , and the vulcanized adhesion surface (adhesion) between the upper flange 11 and the front plate-like rubber 12A resulting from the lateral expansion deformation The third lateral deviation regulating means (an example of lateral deviation regulating means K) K3 capable of regulating the damage of the surface) is equipped.

  The first lateral displacement regulating means K1 is configured by setting the side surface 12a of the front plate-like rubber 12A to an inclined surface that is closer to the inside as the lower side so that the front plate-like rubber 12A has a narrowed shape. Specifically, the front side surface 12a of the front plate-like rubber 12A is an inclined surface that is closer to the lower side. According to the first lateral displacement regulating means K1, even if the front plate-like rubber 12A is compressed up and down by a load and bulges and deforms so as to protrude forward toward the lower side with respect to the front end of the vulcanization adhesion with the upper flange 11, Since the amount of protrusion does not exceed the front end of the vulcanization adhesion or is controlled to a small amount, the vulcanization adhesion surface is improved so as not to be damaged such as peeling or cracking, and is rubbed with the shaft box upper surface 1T. The risk of tearing cracks due to mating is also eliminated. Since there is a sufficient marginal space to escape and displace on the front side of the top surface 1T of the axle box 1, the front plate-like rubber 12A that protrudes forward and deforms due to compression is the front angle of the top surface 1T of the axle box 1. The disadvantage of stress concentration does not occur due to the strong contact.

  The second lateral displacement restricting means K2 has an inner end (rear end) on the bottom surface of the front plate-like rubber 12A so as to match the shape of the upper surface 1T of the axle box 1 with a raised central portion. ) Is set to an inclined surface 12b that is closer to the upper side, and a horizontally elongated groove 12y having a convex cross section that opens at a lower end side portion of the inclined surface 12b is formed in the front plate-like rubber 12A. The horizontally long groove 12y is a long groove extending to the vicinity of the left and right ends of the front rubber plate 12A, but is formed as a recess that does not penetrate to the left and right. Therefore, there is an advantage that foreign matters such as mud, water, and dust do not enter or accumulate in the horizontally long groove 12y.

  By the second lateral displacement restricting means K2, the front plate rubber 12A is moved to the front side by the component force that is applied to the elastic body 6 and pushes forward of the reaction force from the inclined upper surface 1c of the shaft box upper surface 1T. The action of moving and deforming is divided by the horizontally long groove 12y, and the deformation of the front plate-like rubber 12A due to the inclined upper surface 1c is suppressed or eliminated. As a result, inconveniences such as peeling and cracking do not occur on the vulcanized adhesion surface between the front plate rubber 12A and the upper flange 11, and tearing is caused by rubbing with the shaft box upper surface 1T at the lower end portion of the front plate rubber 12A. Cracks will be resolved.

  The third lateral displacement restricting means K3 is set to an inclined surface that is closer to the lower side as the outer end portion of the vulcanized adhesion surface (sticking surface) between the front plate-like rubber 12A and the upper flange 11 goes outward. It is configured. Specifically, the front end of the upper flange 11 is increased in thickness, and the front end of the lower surface 11A becomes a front descending inclined surface 11f (rear descending inclined surface 11r in the case of the rear plate rubber 12B) that approaches the lower side toward the front. By forming, the third lateral displacement regulating means K3 is configured. Even if the front plate-like rubber 12A protrudes forward and bulges and deforms due to the compression load by the third lateral displacement regulating means K3, the front end portion of the vulcanization adhesion surface with the upper flange 11 of the front plate-like rubber 12A is taken. Thus, the forward movement is restricted or prevented by the front descending inclined surface 11f, and damage such as peeling or cracking of the vulcanized adhesive surface is prevented.

  Further, in the conventional axle box supporting elastic body, since the elastic member 12 has a continuous shape such as a cylinder, the load state acting on the upper surface 1T of the axle box 1 acts evenly in the front-rear direction. In the “distributed load” state, the load acts equally on the front and rear intermediate portions which are disadvantageous in terms of strength and rigidity on the top surface 1T of the axle box. As a result, despite the fact that the axle box 1 is relatively rich in strength and rigidity due to its shape, the axle box 1 is easily deformed when a large load is applied thereto, thereby causing uneven wear of the built-in bearing. It seems that this was a cause of inconvenience such as deterioration of durability.

On the other hand, in the elastic body 6 for supporting the axle box according to the present invention, the rubber layer 12 has a front and rear rubber 12B and a rear plate rubber 12B which are independent of each other in the front and rear, so that the compression reaction of the coil spring 5 is reduced. The load due to the force acts as a compression reaction force of the rubber layer 12 in a concentrated manner at the front and rear end portions of the upper surface 1T of the axle box 1, that is, a portion having high strength and rigidity. The load state is close to “structure”, and even if a large load is applied, the deformation of the axle box 1 is reduced or eliminated as compared with the conventional case. As a result, inconveniences such as premature wear, partial wear, and durability deterioration of the bearing built in the axle box 1 are reduced or eliminated, and there is an advantage that it is possible to obtain a good bearing function and excellent durability. ing.

Next, another structure of the elastic body 6 will be described in order as a first separate structure to a third separate structure with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6, the parts corresponding to the elastic bodies 6 in the axle box support structure of Embodiment 1 are described by giving the same numbers.

[ First separate structure ]
As shown in FIG. 4, the elastic body 6 having the first different structure is provided with only the above-described third lateral displacement regulating means K3 as lateral displacement regulating means K. Therefore, the front and rear side surfaces 12a and 12a of the front and rear plate-like rubbers 12A and 12B are vertical surfaces, and the horizontally long groove 12y is not formed. The rest is basically the same as the elastic body 6 according to the first embodiment. However, in the third lateral displacement regulating means K3 according to the second embodiment, the inclination angles of the front and lower inclined surfaces 11f (sticking surface) and the rear lower inclined surface 11r before and after the upper flange 11 are looser than those according to the first embodiment. In addition, the front and rear end portions of the upper surfaces of the respective plate-like rubbers 12A and 12B are extended to the inside to some extent so as to form an inclined surface 12d.

  In this third lateral displacement regulating means K3, not only is the lateral movement of the sticking surface (the vulcanized adhesion surface between the upper flange 11 and each of the plate rubbers 12A, 12B) restricted, but each of the plate rubbers 12A, 12B. The component force acting on the front and rear end portions of the upper surface of the sheet, that is, the component force itself trying to move sideways by the inclination angle is reduced, and it is said that inconveniences such as peeling and cracking of the sticking surface are less likely to occur. There are advantages.

[ Second structure ]
As shown in FIG. 5, the elastic body 6 having the second different structure is provided with the above-described first and third lateral deviation regulating means K1 and K3 as lateral deviation regulating means K. Not formed. The rest is basically the same as the elastic body 6 in the axle box support structure of the first embodiment. In the third lateral displacement restricting means K3 according to the second different structure, the inclination angles of the front downward inclined surface 11f and the rear downward inclined surface 11r before and after the upper flange 11 are looser than those according to the first embodiment, and each plate rubber The front and rear end portions on the top surfaces of 12A and 12B are extended to the inside to some extent so as to form a downwardly inclined surface 12d. However, the length in the front-rear direction of the outer downward inclined surface 12d in this case is set to a value that is clearly shorter than that of the first separate structure (the outer downward inclined surface 12d in FIG. 4).

In the case where the upper flange 11 is made of metal, the upper flange 11 of the elastic body 6 having the first different structure has a horizontal upper surface 11A for making surface contact with the lower spring seat 9 over a wide area, and a long outer downward inclined surface 12d. To achieve this, cast iron by casting or forging is used. On the other hand, in the upper flange 11 of the elastic body 6 having the second different structure having the short outwardly inclined surface 12d, while ensuring the contact area with the lower spring seat 9 which is substantially equivalent to the flat one, There is an advantage that inexpensive plate materials such as pressed steel plates can be used.

[ 3rd structure ]
As shown in FIG. 6, the elastic body 6 having the third different structure is provided with the above-described second lateral deviation regulating means K2 alone as lateral deviation regulating means K. However, the angle R (curvature) of the front lower corner (rear lower corner) 12e and the middle lower corner 12f facing the laterally long groove 12y in the rubber layers 12A and 12B is clearly increased, and the effect (prevention of tearing cracks) by the first lateral deviation regulating means K1. Etc.) is devised so as to produce an effect equivalent to.

Next, as a second embodiment , a description will be given of an axle box support structure in which the axle box 1 is provided with the lateral deviation regulating means K. As shown in FIG. 7, the elastic body (shaft box supporting elastic body) 6 is applied to the upper flange 11 made of a hard plate on which the lower spring seat 9 of the coil spring 5 is placed, and the lower surface of the upper flange 11. It is composed of a rubber layer (elastic member) 12 that is sulfur-bonded (attached) and placed on the upper surface 1T of the axle box 1. The inner end portion 12b on the bottom surface of the rubber layer 12 is closer to the upper side. The rubber layer 12 is set to an inclined surface so that the rubber layer 12 conforms to the shape of the upper surface 1T of the axle box 1 with the raised central portion, and the compression load in the direction in which the axle box 1 and the coil spring 5 approach each other is The lateral deviation restricting means K is configured that can regulate the lateral expansion deformation of the outer end portion of the elastic member 12 when acting on the elastic member 12.

  The lateral displacement regulating means K is configured by setting the outer end portion of the shaft box upper surface 1T to an inclined surface 1d that is closer to the upper side as it goes outward. Specifically, the standing wall 1H having a narrow front and rear width and a wide lateral width is integrally formed at the front and rear ends of the upper surface of the axle box, and the inner side surface is an inclined surface 1d. In this case, the inclined surface 1d is almost vertical, and is configured to function as a stopper that physically prevents the front and rear plate-like rubbers 12A and 12B from projecting back and forth.

[Another Example]
Although not shown in the drawing, the rubber layer 12 is a single unit in which the rubber layer 12 is connected to the front and rear (the thicker one in which the portion between the front and rear elastic layers 12A and 12B abuts the front and rear intermediate portion of the shaft box upper surface 1T The present invention can be applied to both of thin-walled products that do not. The material of the elastic member 12 may be a synthetic resin or an elastomer.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 axle box 1d inclined surface 1T upper surface 5 coil spring 6 axle box support elastic body 9 lower spring seat 11 upper flange 11f inclined surface 12 elastic member 12A front elastic layer 12B rear elastic layer 12a side surface 12b inclined surface 12y groove A shaft beam Type cart K

Claims (2)

An axle box support structure comprising an axle box, a coil spring for suspension disposed above the axle box, and an axle box support elastic body interposed between the upper and lower sides of the axle box and the coil spring. ,
The elastic body for supporting the axle box is attached to the upper flange made of a hard plate on which the lower spring seat of the coil spring is placed, and is attached to the lower surface of the upper flange, and is placed on the upper surface of the axle box The inner end of the bottom surface of the elastic member is set to an inclined surface that is closer to the inner side of the elastic member, and the elastic member matches the shape of the upper surface of the axle box with the central portion raised. In addition, the compressive load in the direction in which the axle box and the coil spring approach each other is caused by lateral expansion deformation and / or lateral expansion deformation of the outer end portion of the elastic member when acting on the elastic body for supporting the axle box. The axle box support structure in which the lateral deviation control means which can control the damage of the sticking surface of the said upper flange and the said elastic member is comprised.   2. The axle box support structure according to claim 1, wherein the lateral displacement regulating means is configured by setting an outer end portion of the upper surface of the axle box to an inclined surface that is closer to the outer side.

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