JP5131631B2 - Alcohol production method and dehydration system - Google Patents
Alcohol production method and dehydration system Download PDFInfo
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- JP5131631B2 JP5131631B2 JP2006333081A JP2006333081A JP5131631B2 JP 5131631 B2 JP5131631 B2 JP 5131631B2 JP 2006333081 A JP2006333081 A JP 2006333081A JP 2006333081 A JP2006333081 A JP 2006333081A JP 5131631 B2 JP5131631 B2 JP 5131631B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
本発明は、微生物を含有する有機性汚泥からアルコールを生成する方法、及びこの方法で用いる脱水システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing alcohol from organic sludge containing microorganisms, and a dehydration system used in this method.
現在、工場や下水処理場から排出される下水／排水は、主に微生物を利用した生物的処理法で処理されているが、この処理法から発生する大量の余剰汚泥は、焼却または埋立処分されている。しかし、最近では焼却によるダイオキシンの発生や埋立処分場確保が困難になってきており、汚泥処理は深刻な社会問題になってきている。 Currently, sewage / drainage discharged from factories and sewage treatment plants is mainly treated by biological treatment methods using microorganisms, but a large amount of excess sludge generated from these treatment methods is incinerated or landfilled. ing. However, recently, it has become difficult to generate dioxins by incineration and secure a landfill site, and sludge treatment has become a serious social problem.
そこで上述した問題点に鑑み、本発明の目的は、従来埋立処分・焼却処分されていた有機性汚泥をアルコールの原料として有効活用するアルコール生成方法を提供し、地球規模での環境改善を図ることにある。 Accordingly, in view of the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an alcohol generation method that effectively uses organic sludge that has been disposed of in landfill or incineration as an alcohol raw material, and to improve the environment on a global scale. It is in.
このような目的は、特許請求運範囲記載のアルコール生成方法および脱水システムによって達成される。 Such an object is achieved by the alcohol production method and the dehydration system described in the claims.
本発明によれば、汚泥に含まれる気体成分は圧送過程で脱気（排気）されるので、フィルタープレスの濾室に対して汚泥を高密度で圧送・充填することができる。その結果、気泡や空気溜りによるクッション作用が働くことはほとんどなく、圧送装置からの圧力が、濾室内の汚泥にほぼそのまま伝達されることになる。
そして、フィルタープレスの各濾室が汚泥で満たされると、圧送装置からの圧力により脱水が始まり、脱水の初期においては汚泥中の水分（微生物の周囲にある水分）が脱水される。続いて、汚泥中の微生物細胞同士が密接して互いを押しつぶすように状態になり、最終的に細胞壁が互いの押圧力により圧壊して、その内部の細胞質が溶出可能になる。このような脱水処理を所定時間・所定圧力で行うことにより、微生物周囲にあった水分が十分に脱水され、かつ、細胞質成分をそのまま含有する脱水ケーキが形成される。
このようにして得られた脱水ケーキ内では、細胞壁がすでに破壊されているため、微生物細胞の内部にあった細胞質成分が溶出している。そこで、この脱水ケーキを高温蒸気で殺菌した後、麹菌を用いて細胞質成分を糖化し、続いて、酵母を用いてアルコール発酵させる。これによりアルコールが生成される。
According to the present invention, since the gas component contained in the sludge is degassed (exhausted) in the pressure feeding process, the sludge can be pressure fed and filled into the filter chamber of the filter press at a high density. As a result, there is almost no cushioning effect due to bubbles or air pockets, and the pressure from the pressure feeding device is transmitted almost directly to the sludge in the filter chamber.
Then, when each filter chamber of the filter press is filled with sludge, dehydration starts with the pressure from the pumping device, and moisture in the sludge (moisture around the microorganisms) is dehydrated in the initial stage of dehydration. Subsequently, the microbial cells in the sludge are brought into close contact with each other and finally crush each other. Finally, the cell walls are crushed by the mutual pressing force, and the cytoplasm inside thereof can be eluted. By performing such dehydration treatment for a predetermined time and at a predetermined pressure, the water around the microorganisms is sufficiently dehydrated and a dehydrated cake containing the cytoplasm component as it is is formed.
In the dehydrated cake obtained in this way, the cell wall has already been destroyed, so that the cytoplasm components that exist inside the microbial cells are eluted. Therefore, this dehydrated cake is sterilized with high-temperature steam, and then cytoplasmic components are saccharified using koji molds, followed by alcoholic fermentation using yeast. This produces alcohol.
本発明のアルコール生成方法および脱水システムは、添付図面に示すとおりの以下の形態を有している。 The alcohol production method and dehydration system of the present invention have the following forms as shown in the accompanying drawings.
［アルコール生成方法］
本発明は、微生物を含有する有機性汚泥からアルコールを生成する方法であって、
圧送装置を用いて、汚泥に含まれる気体成分を脱気（排気）しつつ該汚泥をフィルタープレスに圧送し、
前記圧送装置から送られた汚泥をフィルタープレスにて加圧脱水し、その際、汚泥に含まれる微生物細胞の細胞壁（細胞膜）を加圧破壊してその細胞質が溶出可能な状態にし、
前記フィルタープレスで得られた脱水物（脱水ケーキ）に対して殺菌処理を施し、
殺菌済みの前記脱水物に含まれる細胞質成分をアルコール発酵させることを特徴とする。
[Alcohol production method]
The present invention is a method for producing alcohol from organic sludge containing microorganisms,
Using a pumping device, the sludge is pumped to a filter press while degassing (exhausting) gas components contained in the sludge.
The sludge sent from the pressure feeding device is pressure dehydrated with a filter press, and at that time, the cell wall (cell membrane) of the microbial cells contained in the sludge is pressurized and broken so that the cytoplasm can be eluted,
Sterilizing the dehydrated product (dehydrated cake) obtained by the filter press,
The cytoplasm component contained in the sterilized dehydrated product is subjected to alcohol fermentation.
また別の態様において、本発明は、微生物を含有する有機性汚泥からアルコールを生成する方法であって、
圧送装置を用いて、汚泥に含まれる気体成分を脱気（排気）しつつ該汚泥をフィルタープレスに圧送して、フィルタープレスの濾板間に形成される濾室に該汚泥を充填し、
前記濾室内に充填された汚泥を前記圧送装置からの圧力によって加圧脱水し、その際、汚泥に含まれる微生物細胞の細胞壁（細胞膜）を加圧破壊してその細胞質が溶出可能な状態にし、
前記フィルタープレスで得られた脱水物（脱水ケーキ）に対して殺菌処理を施し、
殺菌済みの前記脱水物に含まれる細胞質成分をアルコール発酵させることを特徴とする。
In another aspect, the present invention is a method for producing alcohol from organic sludge containing microorganisms,
Using a pressure feeding device, the gas component contained in the sludge is degassed (exhausted), the sludge is pumped to the filter press, and the sludge is filled in the filter chamber formed between the filter plates of the filter press,
The sludge filled in the filter chamber is pressurized and dehydrated by the pressure from the pumping device, and at that time, the cell wall (cell membrane) of the microbial cell contained in the sludge is pressurized and broken so that the cytoplasm can be eluted,
Sterilizing the dehydrated product (dehydrated cake) obtained by the filter press,
The cytoplasm component contained in the sterilized dehydrated product is subjected to alcohol fermentation.
上記の場合において、前記汚泥は活性汚泥（余剰汚泥）である。 In the above case, the sludge is activated sludge (excess sludge).
なお、前記フィルタープレスによる加圧脱水処理に先立って、汚泥を予備脱水しておくことが好ましい。 In addition, it is preferable to pre-dehydrate sludge prior to the pressure dehydration treatment by the filter press.
また、前記フィルタープレスによる加圧脱水処理に先立って、汚泥をミキシングしておくことが好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable to mix sludge prior to the pressure dehydration process by the filter press.
また、前記フィルタープレスによる加圧脱水処理に先立って、汚泥に凝集剤を添加しておくことが好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable to add a flocculant to the sludge prior to the pressure dehydration treatment by the filter press.
また、前記脱水物の含水率が５０％以下になるように、前記フィルタープレスにおいて加圧脱水を施すことが好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable to perform pressure dehydration in the filter press so that the water content of the dehydrated product is 50% or less.
また、前記脱水物の含水率が３０〜４５％程度になるように、前記フィルタープレスにおいて加圧脱水を施すことことが好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable to perform pressure dehydration in the filter press so that the water content of the dehydrated product is about 30 to 45%.
また、前記アルコール発酵に先立って、前記脱水物に含まれる細胞質成分（タンパク質等）を糖化させることが好ましい。。 Further, prior to the alcohol fermentation, it is preferable to saccharify cytoplasmic components (proteins, etc.) contained in the dehydrated product. .
また、アルコール発酵させた前記脱水物を圧搾してアルコールを搾り出すことが好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable to squeeze the alcohol by squeezing the dehydrated product obtained by alcohol fermentation.
［脱水システム］
また別の本発明は、有機性汚泥からアルコールを生成するために用いられる脱水システムであって、
圧締された状態で隣接する濾板間に濾室を形成するようになっている複数の濾板を備えており、アルコールの原料となる汚泥を脱水処理するためのフィルタープレスと、
汚泥に含まれる気体成分を脱気（排気）しながら該汚泥をフィルタープレスに圧送するとともに、濾室に充填された汚泥に含まれる微生物細胞の細胞壁（細胞膜）を圧壊させるための圧送装置と、を有していることを特徴とする。
[Dehydration system]
Another invention of the present invention is a dehydration system used to produce alcohol from organic sludge,
A filter press for dewatering sludge as a raw material for alcohol, comprising a plurality of filter plates adapted to form filter chambers between adjacent filter plates in a compressed state;
While pumping the sludge to the filter press while degassing (exhausting) the gas components contained in the sludge, a pumping device for crushing the cell wall (cell membrane) of the microbial cells contained in the sludge filled in the filter chamber; It is characterized by having.
この場合、前記フィルタープレスの各濾室は、厚さ６〜８ｍｍ程度の脱水ケーキが形成される寸法を有していることが好ましい。 In this case, it is preferable that each filter chamber of the filter press has a dimension for forming a dehydrated cake having a thickness of about 6 to 8 mm.
また、前記圧送装置は、
汚泥を一時的に収容するための圧送室を有する圧力容器と、
前記圧送室に収容された汚泥を加圧するための加圧手段（例えば油圧シリンダ）と、
圧力容器の外部から前記圧送室に汚泥を投入するための投入口と、
前記加圧体が加圧方向に作動した際に、前記フィルタープレスへ向けて汚泥を前記圧送室から吐出させるための吐出口と、を有しており、
前記圧力容器には、前記圧送室と圧力容器の外部との間を連通する切れ込みが形成されており、
当該切れ込み（スリット）には、前記汚泥を濾過するための濾過部材（例えば濾布，スポンジなど）が埋設されており、
前記加圧手段が加圧方向に作動した際には、圧送室内の圧力の上昇に伴って、当該圧送室に収容された汚泥に含まれる気体成分が、前記切れ込み内の濾過部材を介して外部へ排気されるとともに、当該汚泥の液体成分及び固体成分が、前記吐出口から吐出されるようになっていることが好ましい。
In addition, the pumping device is
A pressure vessel having a pressure feeding chamber for temporarily containing sludge;
A pressurizing means (for example, a hydraulic cylinder) for pressurizing the sludge accommodated in the pressure feeding chamber;
An inlet for pouring sludge into the pumping chamber from the outside of the pressure vessel;
A discharge port for discharging sludge from the pumping chamber toward the filter press when the pressurizer operates in the pressurizing direction;
The pressure vessel has a notch communicating between the pressure feeding chamber and the outside of the pressure vessel,
A filter member (for example, a filter cloth, a sponge, etc.) for filtering the sludge is embedded in the slit (slit),
When the pressurizing means operates in the pressurizing direction, the gas component contained in the sludge accommodated in the pressure feeding chamber is externally passed through the filtration member in the notch as the pressure in the pressure feeding chamber increases. It is preferable that the liquid component and the solid component of the sludge are discharged from the discharge port.
また、前記圧送装置は、
汚泥を一時的に収容するための圧送室を有する圧力容器と、
前記圧送室に収容された汚泥を加圧するための加圧手段（例えば油圧シリンダ）と、
圧力容器の外部から前記圧送室に汚泥を投入するための投入口と、
前記加圧体が加圧方向に作動した際に、前記フィルタープレスへ向けて汚泥を前記圧送室から吐出させるための吐出口と、を有しており、
前記圧力容器には、前記圧送室に収容された汚泥に含まれる気体成分を外部へ排気するための脱気手段が形成されており、
当該脱気手段は、前記汚泥を濾過するための濾過部材（例えば濾布，スポンジなど）を含んで構成されており、
前記加圧手段が加圧方向に作動した際には、圧送室内の圧力の上昇に伴って、当該圧送室に収容された汚泥に含まれる気体成分が、前記脱気手段の濾過部材を介して外部へ排気されるとともに、当該汚泥の液体成分及び固体成分が、前記吐出口から吐出されるようになっていることが好ましい。
In addition, the pumping device is
A pressure vessel having a pressure feeding chamber for temporarily containing sludge;
A pressurizing means (for example, a hydraulic cylinder) for pressurizing the sludge accommodated in the pressure feeding chamber;
An inlet for pouring sludge into the pumping chamber from the outside of the pressure vessel;
A discharge port for discharging sludge from the pumping chamber toward the filter press when the pressurizer operates in the pressurizing direction;
The pressure vessel is formed with a deaeration means for exhausting a gas component contained in the sludge accommodated in the pressure feeding chamber to the outside,
The deaeration means includes a filtering member (for example, a filter cloth, a sponge, etc.) for filtering the sludge,
When the pressurizing means is operated in the pressurizing direction, the gas component contained in the sludge accommodated in the pressure feeding chamber passes through the filtering member of the degassing means as the pressure in the pressure feeding chamber increases. It is preferable that the liquid component and the solid component of the sludge are discharged from the discharge port while being exhausted to the outside.
また、前記圧送装置は、
汚泥を一時的に収容するための圧送室と；
前記圧送室に収容された汚泥を加圧するための加圧手段（例えば油圧シリンダ）と；
一端が前記圧送装置に接続されており、前記容器からの汚泥を前記圧送室に投入させるための送給管と；
一端が前記圧送装置に接続されており、前記圧送装置によって圧送された汚泥が前記フィルタープレスへ向けて流動するようになっている圧送管と；
一端が前記圧送装置に接続されており、排気口を有し、圧送室内にある汚泥の気体成分をシステム外部へ放出させるための脱気管と；
前記送給管に設けられ、該送給管における汚泥の流れを制御するための第１の制御弁と；
前記圧送管に設けられ、該圧送管における汚泥の流れを制御するための第２の制御弁と；
前記脱気管に設けられており、一方と他方の間で脱気チャンバーを構成するための一組の制御弁であって、圧送装置寄りに配置された第３の制御弁と、排気口寄りに配置された第４の制御弁とを含むものと；を有しており、
前記加圧手段が加圧方向に作動する際（及び作動している間）には、
第１の制御弁を閉弁して、圧送室内の汚泥が容器へ向けて逆流しないようにし、
第２の制御弁を開弁して、加圧された汚泥が圧送管へ送出されるようにし、
第３の制御弁を開弁して、汚泥の気体成分が第３の制御弁と第４の制御弁との間の脱気チャンバーに進入できるようにし、
第４の制御弁を閉弁して、第３の制御弁を通過した気体成分を脱気チャンバー内に閉じ込めるようにし；
前記加圧手段が反加圧方向に作動する際（及び作動している間）には、
第１の制御弁を開弁して、容器からの汚泥が圧送室に進入できるようにし、
第２の制御弁を閉弁して、圧送管内の汚泥が圧送室へ向けて逆流しないようにし、
第３の制御弁を閉弁して、脱気チャンバー内に閉じ込められた気体成分が圧送室へ向けて逆流しないようにし、
第４の制御弁を開弁して、脱気チャンバー内にある気体成分をシステム外に放出させることが好ましい。
In addition, the pumping device is
A pumping chamber for temporarily containing sludge;
Pressurizing means (for example, a hydraulic cylinder) for pressurizing the sludge accommodated in the pressure feeding chamber;
A feed pipe, one end of which is connected to the pressure feeding device, and for introducing sludge from the container into the pressure feeding chamber;
A pumping pipe having one end connected to the pumping apparatus, and the sludge pumped by the pumping apparatus flows toward the filter press;
A deaeration pipe, one end of which is connected to the pumping device, has an exhaust port, and discharges a gaseous component of sludge in the pumping chamber to the outside of the system;
A first control valve provided in the feed pipe for controlling the flow of sludge in the feed pipe;
A second control valve provided in the pressure feed pipe for controlling the flow of sludge in the pressure feed pipe;
A set of control valves provided in the deaeration pipe and constituting a deaeration chamber between one and the other, a third control valve disposed near the pressure feeding device, and near the exhaust port Including a fourth control valve disposed; and
When the pressurizing means operates in the pressurizing direction (and while operating),
Close the first control valve so that the sludge in the pressure feeding chamber does not flow back toward the container,
Open the second control valve so that the pressurized sludge is sent to the pumping pipe,
Opening the third control valve so that the gaseous component of the sludge can enter the deaeration chamber between the third control valve and the fourth control valve;
Closing the fourth control valve so as to confine the gas component that has passed through the third control valve in the deaeration chamber;
When the pressurizing means operates in the anti-pressurizing direction (and while operating),
Open the first control valve so that the sludge from the container can enter the pumping chamber,
Close the second control valve so that the sludge in the pressure feed pipe does not flow back toward the pressure feed chamber,
Close the third control valve so that the gas component confined in the deaeration chamber does not flow back toward the pumping chamber;
It is preferable to open the fourth control valve to release the gas component in the deaeration chamber out of the system.
Claims (2)
汚泥に含まれる気体成分を脱気（排気）しながら該汚泥をフィルタープレスに圧送するとともに、濾室に充填された汚泥に含まれる微生物細胞の細胞壁（細胞膜）を圧壊させるための圧送装置と、を有している、有機性汚泥からアルコールを生成するために用いられる脱水システムであって、
前記圧送装置は、
汚泥を一時的に収容するための圧送室を有する圧力容器と、
前記圧送室に収容された汚泥を加圧するための加圧手段（例えば油圧シリンダ）と、
圧力容器の外部から前記圧送室に汚泥を投入するための投入口と、
前記加圧体が加圧方向に作動した際に、前記フィルタープレスへ向けて汚泥を前記圧送室から吐出させるための吐出口と、を有しており、
前記圧力容器には、前記圧送室と圧力容器の外部との間を連通する切れ込みが形成されており、
当該切れ込み（スリット）には、前記汚泥を濾過するための濾過部材（例えば濾布，スポンジなど）が埋設されており、
前記加圧手段が加圧方向に作動した際には、圧送室内の圧力の上昇に伴って、当該圧送室に収容された汚泥に含まれる気体成分が、前記切れ込み内の濾過部材を介して外部へ排気されるとともに、当該汚泥の液体成分及び固体成分が、前記吐出口から吐出されるようになっていることを特徴とする脱水システム。 A filter press for dewatering sludge as a raw material for alcohol, comprising a plurality of filter plates adapted to form filter chambers between adjacent filter plates in a compressed state;
While pumping the sludge to the filter press while degassing (exhausting) the gas components contained in the sludge, a pumping device for crushing the cell wall (cell membrane) of the microbial cells contained in the sludge filled in the filter chamber; A dehydration system used to produce alcohol from organic sludge,
The pumping device is
A pressure vessel having a pressure feeding chamber for temporarily containing sludge;
A pressurizing means (for example, a hydraulic cylinder) for pressurizing the sludge accommodated in the pressure feeding chamber;
An inlet for pouring sludge into the pumping chamber from the outside of the pressure vessel;
A discharge port for discharging sludge from the pumping chamber toward the filter press when the pressurizer operates in the pressurizing direction;
The pressure vessel has a notch communicating between the pressure feeding chamber and the outside of the pressure vessel,
A filter member (for example, a filter cloth, a sponge, etc.) for filtering the sludge is embedded in the slit (slit),
When the pressurizing means operates in the pressurizing direction, the gas component contained in the sludge accommodated in the pressure feeding chamber is externally passed through the filtration member in the notch as the pressure in the pressure feeding chamber increases. And a liquid component and a solid component of the sludge are discharged from the discharge port.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006333081A JP5131631B2 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2006-12-11 | Alcohol production method and dehydration system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006333081A JP5131631B2 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2006-12-11 | Alcohol production method and dehydration system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2008142015A JP2008142015A (en) | 2008-06-26 |
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