JP5096783B2 - Infrared detector - Google Patents

Infrared detector Download PDF

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JP5096783B2
JP5096783B2 JP2007114888A JP2007114888A JP5096783B2 JP 5096783 B2 JP5096783 B2 JP 5096783B2 JP 2007114888 A JP2007114888 A JP 2007114888A JP 2007114888 A JP2007114888 A JP 2007114888A JP 5096783 B2 JP5096783 B2 JP 5096783B2
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output value
infrared sensor
time
infrared
received light
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JP2008268135A (en
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山中  浩
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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本発明は、赤外線の受光強度を検出する赤外線検出装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an infrared detector that detects the intensity of received infrared light.

従来から、赤外線検出装置として、抵抗ボロメータ型、誘電体ボロメータ型、サーモパイル型など種々の原理で、赤外線の受光光量に応じた出力値の出力が得られる赤外線センサを備えたものが知られている(たとえば、特許文献1、2参照)。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, infrared detectors having an infrared sensor that can output an output value corresponding to the amount of received infrared light according to various principles such as a resistance bolometer type, a dielectric bolometer type, and a thermopile type are known. (For example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2).

また、この種の赤外線検出装置には、赤外線センサを複数配列した赤外線イメージセンサがあり(たとえば、特許文献3参照)、赤外線イメージセンサでは撮像対象の表面温度を反映した熱画像を得ることが要求される。   In addition, this type of infrared detection device includes an infrared image sensor in which a plurality of infrared sensors are arranged (see, for example, Patent Document 3), and the infrared image sensor is required to obtain a thermal image that reflects the surface temperature of an imaging target. Is done.

赤外線センサの構成例について簡単に説明する。図8、図9に示すように、赤外線センサは、シリコンのような半導体からなるベース基板11と、ベース基板11の一表面側(図9の上面側)に配置された温度検出層12と、温度検出層12をベース基板11の前記一表面から離間して配置されるように温度検出層12を支持するとともにベース基板11に対して温度検出層12を熱絶縁する断熱層13と、赤外線を吸収して温度変化する赤外線吸収層14とを備える。温度検出層12は、断熱層13と赤外線吸収層14との間に挟まれており、赤外線吸収層14による赤外線吸収に伴う温度変化を温度検出層12で抵抗変化に変換する。ベース基板11における断熱層13との対向面の一部には、断熱層13を透過した赤外線を温度検出層12側に反射させる反射層15が形成されている。   A configuration example of the infrared sensor will be briefly described. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the infrared sensor includes a base substrate 11 made of a semiconductor such as silicon, a temperature detection layer 12 disposed on one surface side of the base substrate 11 (upper surface side in FIG. 9), A heat insulating layer 13 that supports the temperature detecting layer 12 so that the temperature detecting layer 12 is spaced apart from the one surface of the base substrate 11 and thermally insulates the temperature detecting layer 12 from the base substrate 11, and infrared rays. And an infrared absorption layer 14 that absorbs and changes temperature. The temperature detection layer 12 is sandwiched between the heat insulation layer 13 and the infrared absorption layer 14, and the temperature detection layer 12 converts a temperature change accompanying infrared absorption by the infrared absorption layer 14 into a resistance change. On a part of the surface of the base substrate 11 facing the heat insulating layer 13, a reflective layer 15 is formed that reflects infrared light transmitted through the heat insulating layer 13 toward the temperature detection layer 12.

温度検出層12は、赤外線を受光する受光面側に設けた表面電極12aと受光面に対する反対面側に設けた裏面電極12cとの間に抵抗体層12bを積層した形に形成されている。抵抗体層12bには、アモルファスシリコン、チタン、酸化バナジウムなどを用いる。つまり、温度検出層12としてサーミスタを用いる。   The temperature detection layer 12 is formed in a form in which a resistor layer 12b is laminated between a front surface electrode 12a provided on the light receiving surface side that receives infrared rays and a back surface electrode 12c provided on the opposite surface side to the light receiving surface. For the resistor layer 12b, amorphous silicon, titanium, vanadium oxide, or the like is used. That is, a thermistor is used as the temperature detection layer 12.

断熱層13は、温度検出層12が積層される矩形状の支持部13aと、支持部13aの周縁の2箇所から延設され支持部13aの周縁に沿って延長された一対の腕部13bと、腕部13bの先端部に連結されベース基板11に立設されるポスト部13cとを備える形状に形成されている。温度検出層12の表面電極12aおよび裏面電極12cは、腕部13bおよびポスト部13cに設けた導電部13dを通してベース基板11の導体パターン11aに接続される。   The heat insulating layer 13 includes a rectangular support portion 13a on which the temperature detection layer 12 is stacked, and a pair of arm portions 13b that extend from two locations on the periphery of the support portion 13a and extend along the periphery of the support portion 13a. And a post portion 13c that is connected to the distal end portion of the arm portion 13b and is erected on the base substrate 11. The front surface electrode 12a and the back surface electrode 12c of the temperature detection layer 12 are connected to the conductor pattern 11a of the base substrate 11 through the conductive portion 13d provided on the arm portion 13b and the post portion 13c.

ところで、上述の構成の赤外線センサ1を等価回路で示すと、図10のようになる。図10では、抵抗体層12bの抵抗成分のうち赤外線の受光強度に応じて変化する抵抗成分を抵抗R0、赤外線の吸収によらない環境温度に応じて変化する抵抗成分を抵抗R1、熱容量により生じる遅延を容量C1で表している。また、温度検出層12はサーミスタを構成しているから、出力を取り出すにはバイアス電圧Vbを印加する必要がある。図10に示す構成例では、赤外線センサ1にスイッチング素子Qを介して出力抵抗R2を接続した直列回路にバイアス電圧Vbを印加している。この構成では、スイッチング素子Qのオン時に抵抗体層12bに電圧が印加され、抵抗体層12bの抵抗変化が出力抵抗R2の両端電圧の電圧変化として取り出される。つまり、スイッチング素子Qは、赤外線センサ1の出力値を読み出すか否かを選択するための選択手段として機能する。
特開2000−97765号公報 特許第3040356号公報 特開2002−185852号公報
By the way, the infrared sensor 1 having the above-described configuration is shown in an equivalent circuit as shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, among the resistance components of the resistor layer 12b, the resistance component that changes in accordance with the infrared light receiving intensity is generated by the resistor R0, and the resistance component that changes in accordance with the environmental temperature that is not absorbed by the infrared rays is generated by the resistance R1. The delay is represented by a capacitor C1. Further, since the temperature detection layer 12 constitutes a thermistor, it is necessary to apply a bias voltage Vb to extract the output. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 10, a bias voltage Vb is applied to a series circuit in which an output resistor R2 is connected to the infrared sensor 1 via a switching element Q. In this configuration, a voltage is applied to the resistor layer 12b when the switching element Q is turned on, and the resistance change of the resistor layer 12b is extracted as the voltage change of the voltage across the output resistor R2. That is, the switching element Q functions as a selection unit for selecting whether or not to read the output value of the infrared sensor 1.
JP 2000-97765 A Japanese Patent No. 3040356 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-185852

図10に示した等価回路から明らかなように、スイッチング素子Qをオンにしてバイアス電圧Vbを印加すると、バイアス電圧Vbの印加時刻t0において容量C1に電荷が存在しなければ、図11に示すように、抵抗R2の両端の電圧値は、印加時刻t0において{R2/(R0+R2)}・Vbであり、時間の経過とともに容量C1に電荷が蓄積されることにより、{R2/(R0+R1+R2)}・Vbに漸近する。実際には、容量C1は存在しないから、電荷が蓄積されるわけではないが、スイッチング素子Qがオンになり通電されることによって抵抗体層12bが発熱して時間経過とともに赤外線センサ1のジュール熱により温度が上昇し、温度の上昇率は熱の蓄積とともに低下するから、抵抗R2の両端電圧は、図11に示す傾向を示すことになる。なお、図示例は温度検出層12が正特性サーミスタを構成している場合を示している。   As is apparent from the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 10, when the switching element Q is turned on and the bias voltage Vb is applied, if there is no charge in the capacitor C1 at the application time t0 of the bias voltage Vb, as shown in FIG. In addition, the voltage value across the resistor R2 is {R2 / (R0 + R2)} · Vb at the application time t0, and charges are accumulated in the capacitor C1 over time, so that {R2 / (R0 + R1 + R2)} · Asymptotic to Vb. Actually, since the capacitor C1 does not exist, charges are not accumulated. However, when the switching element Q is turned on and energized, the resistor layer 12b generates heat, and the Joule heat of the infrared sensor 1 over time. As a result, the temperature rises and the rate of temperature rise decreases with the accumulation of heat, so the voltage across the resistor R2 exhibits the tendency shown in FIG. The illustrated example shows a case where the temperature detection layer 12 constitutes a positive temperature coefficient thermistor.

熱画像を得ようとすれば、多数個の赤外線センサ1の出力を順に読み出す必要があるから、スイッチング素子Qをオンにする時間は短く、たとえば100×100個の赤外線センサ1を用いて、30フレーム/秒の熱画像を得ようとすれば、1ラインごとに読み出すとしても1個の赤外線センサ1の読出時間は3000分の1秒より長くすることはできない。つまり、この程度の画素数でも読出時間はたかだか300μs程度しか確保することはできず、赤外線イメージセンサを構成する場合には転送などの他の処理時間を考慮すれば、確保可能な読出時間はさらに短くなる。赤外線センサ1のサイズにもよるが、飽和して安定した後の出力値を用いる程度に読出時間は長くとることができない。   If an attempt is made to obtain a thermal image, it is necessary to sequentially read the outputs of a large number of infrared sensors 1, so that the time for turning on the switching element Q is short, for example, 30 × 100 infrared sensors 1 are used. If a thermal image of frame / second is to be obtained, the readout time of one infrared sensor 1 cannot be longer than 1/3000 seconds even if readout is performed for each line. In other words, even with this number of pixels, the reading time can be secured only at most about 300 μs. When an infrared image sensor is configured, if other processing time such as transfer is taken into consideration, the reading time that can be secured is further increased. Shorter. Although depending on the size of the infrared sensor 1, the reading time cannot be made long enough to use the output value after being saturated and stabilized.

ちなみに、図11に示す例では熱画像を得るための赤外線イメージセンサでの特性を示しており、スイッチング素子Qのオン期間Tonを100μsとした場合の例である。このように、赤外線センサ1の出力値が変化している途中で出力値を読み出すから、赤外線センサ1の出力値が受光強度を反映しているとしても、読出タイミングがずれると出力値が異なることになり、出力値の信頼度が低下するという問題を生じる。   Incidentally, the example shown in FIG. 11 shows the characteristics of an infrared image sensor for obtaining a thermal image, and is an example in which the ON period Ton of the switching element Q is set to 100 μs. As described above, since the output value is read while the output value of the infrared sensor 1 is changing, even if the output value of the infrared sensor 1 reflects the received light intensity, the output value is different when the reading timing is shifted. This causes a problem that the reliability of the output value is lowered.

本発明は上記事由に鑑みて為されたものであり、その目的は、赤外線センサの読出時間が短くても赤外線の受光強度を精度よく検出することを可能にした赤外線検出装置を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above reasons, and an object of the present invention is to provide an infrared detector capable of accurately detecting the received light intensity of infrared rays even when the readout time of the infrared sensor is short. is there.

請求項1の発明は、赤外線の受光光量に応じた出力値の出力が得られる赤外線センサと、赤外線センサの駆動を制御するとともに赤外線センサの出力値を用いて受光強度を算出する演算制御部とを有し、演算制御部は、赤外線センサでの受光強度が規定の基準強度であるときの赤外線センサの出力値を基準出力値とし基準出力値を近似するように工場出荷前に定めた時間のn次関数を用いて基準出力値を求める基準出力算出部と、赤外線センサの出力値をサンプリングするサンプリング部と、実測時において各サンプリング時刻ごとにサンプリングした出力値を用いて前記n次関数と同次数であって前記出力値を近似する時間のn次関数の係数を算出し、当該係数と基準出力値を規定する係数との差を基準強度に対する受光強度の変化分に換算する受光強度算出部とを備えることを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 1 is an infrared sensor that can output an output value corresponding to the amount of received light of infrared rays, an arithmetic control unit that controls driving of the infrared sensor and calculates received light intensity using the output value of the infrared sensor; And the calculation control unit uses the output value of the infrared sensor when the received light intensity at the infrared sensor is a specified reference intensity as a reference output value, and approximates the reference output value for a time set before factory shipment. The same as the n-th order function using a reference output calculation unit that obtains a reference output value using an n-order function, a sampling unit that samples the output value of the infrared sensor, and an output value sampled at each sampling time during measurement. a order to calculate the coefficients of the order n a function of time that approximates the output value, conversion to change in the received light intensity with respect to the reference intensity difference between the coefficients specifying the coefficients and the reference output value It characterized in that it comprises a light receiving intensity calculator for.

請求項2の発明では、請求項1の発明において、前記基準出力算出部は、基準出力値を求める基準強度を前記赤外線センサに赤外線が入射していない非露光時の受光強度とし、基準出力値を赤外線センサの駆動開始から経過した時間のn次関数とすることを特徴とする。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention , the reference output calculation unit sets a reference intensity for obtaining a reference output value as a received light intensity during non-exposure when no infrared light is incident on the infrared sensor, and a reference output value Is an n-order function of the time elapsed from the start of driving of the infrared sensor.

請求項3の発明では、請求項1または請求項2の発明において、前記基準出力演算部は、基準出力値の時間変化を時間の2次関数として求めることを特徴とする。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention , the reference output calculation unit obtains a time change of the reference output value as a quadratic function of time.

請求項1の発明の構成によれば、受光強度を基準強度とするときの赤外線センサの出力値の変化を時間のn次関数で表し、実測時に赤外線センサの出力値をサンプリングして求めたn次関数の係数と基準出力値を規定する係数との差を受光強度の変化分に換算するから、赤外線センサの出力値が飽和して安定した後ではなく、変動している期間の出力値を用いながらも受光強度を精度よく算出することが可能になる。 According to the configuration of the invention of claim 1, and tables in time n-order function of change in the output value of the infrared sensor when the received light intensity and reference intensity was determined by sampling the output value of the infrared sensor at the time of actual measurement Since the difference between the coefficient of the nth order function and the coefficient that defines the reference output value is converted into the change in the received light intensity, the output value of the fluctuation period is not after the output value of the infrared sensor is saturated and stabilized. It is possible to calculate the received light intensity with high accuracy while using.

請求項2の発明の構成によれば、赤外線センサに赤外線が入射していない状態で赤外線センサの駆動を開始してからの経過時間に対する出力値の変化を時間のn次関数で表したものを基準出力値に用いるから、受光強度の絶対値を算出することが可能になる。 According to the configuration of the second aspect of the invention, the change in the output value with respect to the elapsed time since the start of the driving of the infrared sensor in a state where the infrared sensor is not incident on the infrared sensor is expressed by an n-th order function of time. Since it is used as the reference output value, it is possible to calculate the absolute value of the received light intensity.

請求項3の発明の構成によれば、3次以上の高次関数を用いる場合よりも演算処理の処理負荷が小さくなる。 According to the configuration of the invention of claim 3 , the processing load of the arithmetic processing is reduced as compared with the case of using a higher order function of the third order or higher.

本実施形態では、図1に示すように、1枚の基板11(図8、図9のベース基板11に相当)に複数個の赤外線センサ1を配列した赤外線イメージセンサを例示する。図示例では赤外線センサ1が縦方向の一列に配列されているが、実際には2次元格子の格子点上に赤外線センサ1が配置される。   In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, an infrared image sensor in which a plurality of infrared sensors 1 are arranged on one substrate 11 (corresponding to the base substrate 11 in FIGS. 8 and 9) is illustrated. In the illustrated example, the infrared sensors 1 are arranged in a vertical row, but in reality, the infrared sensors 1 are arranged on lattice points of a two-dimensional lattice.

各赤外線センサ1は、抵抗ボロメータ型であって背景技術として説明したものと同様の構造を有しているものとする。ただし、誘電体ボロメータ型やサーモパイル型などを用いることも可能である。赤外線センサ1の前方には、液晶シャッタのように光の透過と遮断とを選択可能なシャッタ手段(図示せず)を配置するのが望ましい。   Each infrared sensor 1 is a resistance bolometer type and has the same structure as that described as the background art. However, it is also possible to use a dielectric bolometer type, a thermopile type, or the like. In front of the infrared sensor 1, it is desirable to dispose shutter means (not shown) capable of selecting transmission and blocking of light, such as a liquid crystal shutter.

各赤外線センサ1は受光光量に応じて抵抗値が変化する。各赤外線センサ1は、背景技術として説明したように、スイッチング素子Qおよび出力抵抗R2(図10参照)と直列接続される。各赤外線センサ1にはそれぞれスイッチング素子Qが対応付けられており、スイッチング素子Qをオンにして赤外線センサ1に通電することにより、各赤外線センサ1の抵抗値の変化を出力抵抗R2の両端電圧の電圧値の変化として検出する。   Each infrared sensor 1 changes its resistance value according to the amount of received light. As described in the background art, each infrared sensor 1 is connected in series with the switching element Q and the output resistor R2 (see FIG. 10). Each infrared sensor 1 is associated with a switching element Q. When the switching element Q is turned on and the infrared sensor 1 is energized, a change in the resistance value of each infrared sensor 1 is represented by the voltage across the output resistor R2. It is detected as a change in voltage value.

図10に示すように、出力抵抗R2の両端電圧は、減算回路16(差動増幅器を用いて構成する)により定電圧(たとえば、バイアス電圧Vbの2分の1の電圧)から減算され、コンデンサCに蓄積される。このコンデンサCはオフセット調整回路17により電荷の充放電が制御されており、オフセット調整回路17では、減算回路16の出力電圧に相当する充電電流とオフセット分に相当する放電電流との差分の電流でコンデンサCを充電することにより、コンデンサCの両端電圧をオフセット調整後の出力電圧として利用できるようにしてある。以下では、このコンデンサCにより生じる時定数は赤外線センサ1の時定数に含めて考える。   As shown in FIG. 10, the voltage across the output resistor R2 is subtracted from a constant voltage (for example, a voltage half of the bias voltage Vb) by a subtraction circuit 16 (configured using a differential amplifier), and the capacitor Accumulated in C. The charge and discharge of the capacitor C is controlled by the offset adjustment circuit 17, and the offset adjustment circuit 17 is a difference current between the charging current corresponding to the output voltage of the subtraction circuit 16 and the discharging current corresponding to the offset. By charging the capacitor C, the voltage across the capacitor C can be used as the output voltage after offset adjustment. Hereinafter, the time constant generated by the capacitor C is considered to be included in the time constant of the infrared sensor 1.

赤外線センサ1の出力電圧は、図11に示したように、時間経過に伴って減少するが(温度検出層12に正特性サーミスタを用い、時間とともに温度上昇するから)、減算回路16を用いることにより、図2に示すように、時間経過に伴って上昇する出力が得られる。   As shown in FIG. 11, the output voltage of the infrared sensor 1 decreases with time (because a positive temperature coefficient thermistor is used for the temperature detection layer 12 and the temperature rises with time), but the subtraction circuit 16 is used. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, an output that rises with time is obtained.

スイッチング素子Qのオンオフのタイミングは、演算制御部2に設けたタイミング制御部21から指示される。また、演算制御部2には、赤外線センサ1の出力値(実際にはコンデンサCの両端電圧)である電圧値をデジタル値に変換するA/D変換部22が設けられている。   The on / off timing of the switching element Q is instructed from the timing control unit 21 provided in the arithmetic control unit 2. Further, the arithmetic control unit 2 is provided with an A / D conversion unit 22 that converts a voltage value that is an output value of the infrared sensor 1 (actually, a voltage across the capacitor C) into a digital value.

タイミング制御部21は各赤外線センサ1を順に択一的に選択し、A/D変換部22では、タイミング制御部21で制御された読出タイミングに同期して各赤外線センサ1の出力を順にデジタル値に変換する。   The timing control unit 21 alternatively selects each infrared sensor 1 in order, and the A / D conversion unit 22 sequentially converts the output of each infrared sensor 1 to a digital value in synchronization with the read timing controlled by the timing control unit 21. Convert to

ところで、演算制御部2は、以下の原理に基づいて赤外線センサ1の出力値から受光強度を算出する。すなわち、受光強度について基準強度を規定し、この基準強度において赤外線センサ1の駆動を開始(つまり、スイッチング素子Qをオンにして通電を開始)してからの経過時間に伴う出力値の変化を基準出力値として求め、赤外線の受光強度を計測しているときの赤外線センサ1の出力値について基準出力値との差を求め、この差を基準強度と実測した受光強度との差による出力値との差とし、求めた差から基準強度に対する受光強度の変化分を求めるのである。   By the way, the arithmetic control unit 2 calculates the received light intensity from the output value of the infrared sensor 1 based on the following principle. That is, the reference intensity is defined for the received light intensity, and the change in the output value with the elapsed time from the start of driving of the infrared sensor 1 at this reference intensity (that is, the switching element Q is turned on to start energization) is used as a reference. Obtained as an output value, the difference between the output value of the infrared sensor 1 when measuring the received light intensity of the infrared light and the reference output value is obtained, and this difference is calculated from the difference between the reference intensity and the measured received light intensity. The difference is obtained, and the change in the received light intensity with respect to the reference intensity is obtained from the obtained difference.

したがって、図3に示すように、基準出力値Vsの時間変化を時間を変数とする適宜の関数で表しておき、赤外線センサ1の出力値Vmについて赤外線センサ1の駆動開始から適宜の時間(t1)が経過した時点の出力値Vm(t1)を求めるとともに、基準出力値Vsについて時刻t1の値Vs(t1)を求め、両者の差(=Vs(t1)−Vm(t1))を求めると、この値が基準強度に対する受光強度の変化分を反映していることになる。ここで、赤外線センサ1が赤外線を受光していないときの受光強度を基準強度とすれば、受光強度の変化分は受光強度の絶対値を表すことになる。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the time change of the reference output value Vs is expressed by an appropriate function using time as a variable, and the appropriate time (t1) from the start of driving of the infrared sensor 1 with respect to the output value Vm of the infrared sensor 1. When the output value Vm (t1) at the time when) has elapsed is obtained, the value Vs (t1) at time t1 is obtained for the reference output value Vs, and the difference between the two (= Vs (t1) −Vm (t1 )) is obtained. This value reflects the change in the received light intensity with respect to the reference intensity. Here, if the received light intensity when the infrared sensor 1 is not receiving infrared light is a reference intensity, the change in the received light intensity represents the absolute value of the received light intensity.

ところで、基準出力値Vsの時間変化を定義する関数は、赤外線センサ1の等価回路(図10参照)を考慮すれば、時間tに対してexp(t)を含む形で表されることが容易に推定される。exp(t)は、時間tのn次式で表された多項式に展開することができるから、各項に適宜の係数を与えると、時間を変数とする基準出力値Vs(t)の近似式が得られる。   By the way, the function defining the time change of the reference output value Vs can be easily expressed in a form including exp (t) with respect to the time t in consideration of the equivalent circuit of the infrared sensor 1 (see FIG. 10). Is estimated. Since exp (t) can be expanded into a polynomial expressed by an n-th order expression of time t, if an appropriate coefficient is given to each term, an approximate expression of the reference output value Vs (t) using time as a variable Is obtained.

スイッチング素子Qがオンになると赤外線センサ1に通電されるから、ステップ応答として考えることができるから、抵抗R2の両端電圧Vr(t)は、数1のように表すことができる。τは時定数である。   Since the infrared sensor 1 is energized when the switching element Q is turned on, it can be considered as a step response. Therefore, the both-ends voltage Vr (t) of the resistor R2 can be expressed as Equation 1. τ is a time constant.

Figure 0005096783
Figure 0005096783

演算制御部2への入力電圧Vi(t)は、減算回路16を用いてVi(t)=(Vb/2)−Vr(t)の形で与えられるから(オフセットは無視する)、数2のように表される。 Since the input voltage Vi (t) to the arithmetic control unit 2 is given in the form of Vi (t) = (Vb / 2) −Vr (t) using the subtracting circuit 16 (offset is ignored), Equation 2 It is expressed as

Figure 0005096783
Figure 0005096783

ここで、入力電圧Vi(t)には、exp(t/τ)が含まれているから、時間tのn次式に多項式展開(たとえば、テーラー展開)することによって、Vi(t)=Σρ・tという形式で表すことが可能になる。ただし、n=0,1,……である。nを3以上とする高次多項式で表すと、基準出力値Vs(t)を近似の程度が高くなると考えられるが、現実の赤外線センサ1の出力値の時間変化は、exp(t)に完全に比例するわけではない上に係数の決定に手間がかかるから、高次多項式を用いることが必ずしもよいとは言えない。 Here, since exp (t / τ) is included in the input voltage Vi (t), Vi (t) = Σρ is obtained by performing polynomial expansion (for example, Taylor expansion) to an n-order expression at time t. It can be expressed in the form of n · t n . However, n = 0, 1,... When expressed by a high-order polynomial in which n is 3 or more, it is considered that the degree of approximation of the reference output value Vs (t) is high, but the time change of the actual output value of the infrared sensor 1 is completely in exp (t). Since it is not proportional to the above and it takes time to determine the coefficient, it is not always good to use a high-order polynomial.

したがって、以下では、時間を変数とする2次式で基準出力値Vs(t)を表す。すなわち、Vs(t)=at+bt+cと表す。各係数a,b,cの決定には、3以上の複数回の計測値を用いて連立方程式を解くか、あるいは統計的手法(最小二乗法による予測式の係数決定)を用いる。ここに、各計測値は時間tを異ならせて求める。 Therefore, in the following, the reference output value Vs (t) is expressed by a quadratic expression using time as a variable. That is, Vs (t) = at 2 + bt + c. Each coefficient a, b, c is determined by solving simultaneous equations using three or more measured values or by using a statistical method (determining the coefficient of the prediction formula by the least square method). Here, each measured value is obtained by varying the time t.

しかして、演算制御部2には、上述のようにして求めた係数a,b,cを格納する記憶部23と、記憶部23に設定された係数a,b,cを用いて赤外線センサ1の駆動(スイッチング素子Qのオンにより赤外線センサ1に通電)を開始してから規定した時間t1後の基準出力値Vs(t1)を算出する基準出力算出部24とが設けられる。また、演算制御部2には、赤外線センサ1の駆動開始から時間t1後の赤外線センサ1の出力値Vm(t1)と基準出力算出部24で算出した基準出力値Vs(t1)との差を求め、赤外線センサ1で受光している赤外線の受光強度(つまり、基準強度に対する受光強度の変化分)に換算する受光強度算出部25が設けられる。演算制御部2におけるこれらの構成は、CPUとROMとRAMとを備えるマイクロコンピュータにより構成される(マイクロコンピュータは図1において一点鎖線で囲んだ部分)。   Therefore, the arithmetic control unit 2 uses the storage unit 23 that stores the coefficients a, b, and c obtained as described above, and the infrared sensor 1 using the coefficients a, b, and c set in the storage unit 23. And a reference output calculation unit 24 for calculating a reference output value Vs (t1) after a predetermined time t1 after starting the driving (the infrared sensor 1 is energized when the switching element Q is turned on). Further, the arithmetic control unit 2 calculates the difference between the output value Vm (t1) of the infrared sensor 1 after time t1 from the start of driving the infrared sensor 1 and the reference output value Vs (t1) calculated by the reference output calculation unit 24. The received light intensity calculation unit 25 that converts the received light intensity of the infrared light received by the infrared sensor 1 (that is, the change in the received light intensity with respect to the reference intensity) is provided. These configurations in the arithmetic control unit 2 are configured by a microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM (the microcomputer is surrounded by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 1).

ところで、基準出力値Vs(t)と赤外線センサ1の出力値Vm(t)との差は、赤外線の受光強度が時間変化しなければ、理想的には時間tが異なっても一定になると考えられるが、実際には図4に示すように、時間の経過に伴って差Vs(t)−Vm(t)に変動が生じる。つまり、予測誤差による変動である。   By the way, it is considered that the difference between the reference output value Vs (t) and the output value Vm (t) of the infrared sensor 1 is ideally constant even if the time t is different unless the infrared light receiving intensity changes with time. In practice, however, the difference Vs (t) −Vm (t) varies with time as shown in FIG. That is, it is a fluctuation due to a prediction error.

そこで、赤外線センサ1の出力値Vm(t)の時間変化が基準出力値Vs(t)と同形式の関数(Vm(t)=a′t+b′t+c′)で表されるとみなし、係数a′,b′,c′を決定する。基準出力値Vs(t)と出力値Vm(t)の差は、Vs(t)−Vm(t)=(a−a′)t+(b−b′)t+(c−c′)であって、(a−a′)、(b−b′)、(c−c′)は時間に依存しないから、係数の差を受光強度の変化分に換算すれば、時間に依存しない受光強度を求めることができる。係数a′,b′,c′を求めるには、工場出荷前に係数a,b,cを算出する場合と同様に複数の時間について出力値Vm(t)を求めればよい。つまり、演算制御部2においてサンプリング部(A/D変換部22で兼用)を設け、サンプリング時刻ごとにサンプリングした出力値Vm(t)から係数a′,b′,c′を決定する。 Therefore, it is considered that the time change of the output value Vm (t) of the infrared sensor 1 is expressed by a function (Vm (t) = a′t 2 + b′t + c ′) having the same format as the reference output value Vs (t). Coefficients a ′, b ′ and c ′ are determined. The difference between the reference output value Vs (t) and the output value Vm (t) is Vs (t) −Vm (t) = (a−a ′) t 2 + (b−b ′) t + (c−c ′) Since (a−a ′), (b−b ′), and (c−c ′) do not depend on time, if the difference in coefficient is converted into a change in received light intensity, light reception that does not depend on time. The strength can be determined. In order to obtain the coefficients a ′, b ′, and c ′, the output values Vm (t) may be obtained for a plurality of times as in the case of calculating the coefficients a, b, and c before shipment from the factory. That is, the arithmetic control unit 2 is provided with a sampling unit (also used as the A / D conversion unit 22), and the coefficients a ′, b ′, and c ′ are determined from the output value Vm (t) sampled at each sampling time.

上述した処理によって、赤外線センサ1で検出された受光強度と演算制御部2の受光強度算出部25で求めた出力値とのリニアリティが高くなり、受光強度と比例関係を有する出力を得ることが可能になる。   Through the processing described above, the linearity between the received light intensity detected by the infrared sensor 1 and the output value obtained by the received light intensity calculation unit 25 of the calculation control unit 2 is increased, and an output having a proportional relationship with the received light intensity can be obtained. become.

図5に工場出荷前の係数a,b,cの決定および温度補正係数k2(θ)を設置する手順を示し、図6に実測時の動作手順を示す。すなわち、工場出荷前には、まずシャッタ手段を閉じた状態で(S1)、着目する赤外線センサ1に対応したスイッチング素子Qをオンにして赤外線センサ1を駆動し(S2)、駆動から所定時間が経過した時点の出力値を計測する(S3)。この計測は係数a,b,cを算出するのに必要な回数だけ行われる(S4)。実際には赤外線センサ1に1回通電すれば、複数回のサンプリングによって係数a,b,cを算出するのに必要な出力値を得ることができる。これらの出力値を用いることによって、設定温度に対する係数a,b,cを算出することができる(S5)。算出した係数a,b,cは記憶部23(ROM)に格納される。その後、シャッタ手段が開放され赤外線センサ1を使用することが可能になる(S6)。   FIG. 5 shows a procedure for determining coefficients a, b, and c before shipment from the factory and setting a temperature correction coefficient k2 (θ), and FIG. 6 shows an operation procedure for actual measurement. That is, before shipment from the factory, the shutter means is first closed (S1), the switching element Q corresponding to the target infrared sensor 1 is turned on, and the infrared sensor 1 is driven (S2). The output value at the time of elapse is measured (S3). This measurement is performed as many times as necessary to calculate the coefficients a, b, and c (S4). Actually, if the infrared sensor 1 is energized once, output values necessary for calculating the coefficients a, b and c can be obtained by sampling a plurality of times. By using these output values, the coefficients a, b, and c for the set temperature can be calculated (S5). The calculated coefficients a, b, and c are stored in the storage unit 23 (ROM). Thereafter, the shutter means is opened and the infrared sensor 1 can be used (S6).

実測時には、図6に示すように、各赤外線センサ1に電圧を印加して駆動し(S1)、時間t1が経過した後の出力値Vm(t1)を取り込む(S2)。また、記憶部23に格納された係数a,b,cを用いて、時間t1における基準出力値Vs(t1)を求め(S3)、求めた基準出力値Vs(t1)と実測した出力値Vm(t1)との差から受光強度を求める(S4)。   At the time of actual measurement, as shown in FIG. 6, a voltage is applied to each infrared sensor 1 to drive it (S1), and an output value Vm (t1) after the time t1 has elapsed is captured (S2). Further, using the coefficients a, b, and c stored in the storage unit 23, a reference output value Vs (t1) at time t1 is obtained (S3), and the obtained reference output value Vs (t1) and the actually measured output value Vm. The received light intensity is obtained from the difference from (t1) (S4).

実測時においてサンプリングを行って受光強度を補正する場合には、図7に示すように、各赤外線センサ1に電圧を印加して駆動し(S1)、赤外線センサ1の出力値Vm(t)を必要数だけサンプリングする(S2,S3)。さらに、出力値Vm(t)について複数個のサンプリング値から係数a′,b′,c′を求める(S4)。このようにして係数a′,b′,c′を求めると、(a−a′)、(b−b′)、(c−c′)が求められるから、適宜のデータテーブルなどを用いて受光強度に換算する(S5)。   When sampling is performed at the time of actual measurement to correct the received light intensity, as shown in FIG. 7, each infrared sensor 1 is driven by applying a voltage (S1), and the output value Vm (t) of the infrared sensor 1 is set. The required number is sampled (S2, S3). Further, coefficients a ', b', c 'are obtained from a plurality of sampling values for the output value Vm (t) (S4). When the coefficients a ′, b ′, and c ′ are obtained in this way, (a−a ′), (b−b ′), and (c−c ′) are obtained, so that an appropriate data table or the like is used. Conversion to received light intensity (S5).

実施形態を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows embodiment. 同上の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. 同上の原理説明図である。It is principle explanatory drawing same as the above. 同上の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing same as the above. 同上の基準出力値の決定方法を示す動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which shows the determination method of a reference | standard output value same as the above. 同上の測定時の動作を示す動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which shows the operation | movement at the time of a measurement same as the above. 同上の他例の測定時の動作を示す動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which shows the operation | movement at the time of the measurement of the other example same as the above. 赤外線センサの構成例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structural example of an infrared sensor. 赤外線センサの構成例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of an infrared sensor. 赤外線センサの等価回路を含む回路図である。It is a circuit diagram containing the equivalent circuit of an infrared sensor. 赤外線センサの出力変化を示す動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which shows the output change of an infrared sensor.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 赤外線センサ
1a 温度センサ(温度検出手段)
2 演算制御部
11 ベース基板(基板)
22 A/D変換部(サンプリング部)
24 基準出力算出部
25 受光強度算出部
1 Infrared sensor 1a Temperature sensor (temperature detection means)
2 Arithmetic control unit 11 Base substrate (substrate)
22 A / D converter (sampling unit)
24 reference output calculation unit 25 received light intensity calculation unit

Claims (3)

赤外線の受光光量に応じた出力値の出力が得られる赤外線センサと、赤外線センサの駆動を制御するとともに赤外線センサの出力値を用いて受光強度を算出する演算制御部とを有し、演算制御部は、赤外線センサでの受光強度が規定の基準強度であるときの赤外線センサの出力値を基準出力値とし基準出力値を近似するように工場出荷前に定めた時間のn次関数を用いて基準出力値を求める基準出力算出部と、赤外線センサの出力値をサンプリングするサンプリング部と、実測時において各サンプリング時刻ごとにサンプリングした出力値を用いて前記n次関数と同次数であって前記出力値を近似する時間のn次関数の係数を算出し、当該係数と基準出力値を規定する係数との差を基準強度に対する受光強度の変化分に換算する受光強度算出部とを備えることを特徴とする赤外線検出装置。 An infrared sensor that can output an output value corresponding to the amount of received infrared light, and an arithmetic control unit that controls the driving of the infrared sensor and calculates the received light intensity using the output value of the infrared sensor. Is a reference using an n-order function of time determined before factory shipment so that the output value of the infrared sensor when the received light intensity at the infrared sensor is a specified reference intensity is used as a reference output value. A reference output calculation unit for obtaining an output value; a sampling unit for sampling the output value of the infrared sensor; and an output value that is of the same order as the n-order function using an output value sampled at each sampling time in actual measurement. calculating the coefficients of the order n a function of time that approximates the difference received light intensity calculation to convert the change in the received light intensity to the reference intensity of the coefficients specifying the coefficients and the reference output value Infrared detection device, characterized in that it comprises and. 前記基準出力算出部は、基準出力値を求める基準強度を前記赤外線センサに赤外線が入射していない非露光時の受光強度とし、基準出力値を赤外線センサの駆動開始から経過した時間のn次関数とすることを特徴とする請求項1記載の赤外線検出装置。 The reference output calculation unit uses a reference intensity for obtaining a reference output value as a received light intensity during non-exposure when no infrared light is incident on the infrared sensor, and the reference output value is an n-order function of time elapsed from the start of driving the infrared sensor. infrared detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that a. 前記基準出力演算部は、基準出力値の時間変化を時間の2次関数として求めることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載の赤外線検出装置。 The reference output calculation unit, according to claim 1 or claim 2 an infrared sensing device according and obtains the time variation of the reference output value as a quadratic function of time.
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