JP5096727B2 - Aggregate type determination method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an aggregate type determination method and apparatus for determining the types of multiple types of aggregate used for concrete production at a construction site such as dam construction.

  Conventionally, a plurality of types of aggregates having different particle sizes (for example, G1 aggregate (particle size 150 to 80 mm), G2 aggregate (particle size 80 to 40 mm), and G3 aggregate are used for the production of concrete. (Grain size of 40 to 20 mm), G4 aggregate (particle size of 20 to 5 mm), and S aggregate (5 types of aggregates of particle size of 5 mm or less) are used. As shown in FIG. 4, the aggregate is sorted into a plurality of aggregate bins 2a to 2f arranged in parallel in the aggregate storage facility 1 in the construction site, and a certain amount is stored and stored. When producing concrete, each aggregate bin is fed with the necessary amount of aggregate from each aggregate bin to a concrete production facility (batcher plant) in the same site to mix each aggregate. .

  The aggregate storage facility 1 includes a hopper 3 that receives aggregate, a transport conveyor 4 that transports the aggregate received in the hopper 3, and an aggregate that is dropped and supplied from the end of the transport conveyor 4. A shuttle conveyor 5 is installed above each of the aggregate bins 2a to 2f so as to be movable left and right so that the conveyor belt can be rotated forward and backward so that it can be put into any of the aggregate bins 2a to 2f depending on the type. The various aggregates that are installed (FIG. 4) and are input from the hopper 3 are determined by the operator, and then the conveyor 4 and the shuttle conveyor 5 are appropriately operated. The above-mentioned aggregate bins 2a to 2f are sorted.

  In recent years, the aggregate stored in the aggregate storage facility 1 as described above is not only produced on the construction site, but also purchased from an aggregate supplier outside the construction site and brought in from the outside. The procedure for sorting and loading the aggregates into the above-described aggregate bins 2a to 2f when carried in is specifically as follows.

  First, the dump truck driver who carries the aggregate hands the slip that describes the type of aggregate loaded on the dump truck to the worker of the aggregate storage facility, and the worker who receives the slip Based on the type of aggregate described in the slip, the aggregate bins 2a to 2f into which the aggregate is to be input are specified.

And the said operator operates the shuttle conveyor 5 and adjusts the position so that the aggregate received in the said hopper 3 may be thrown into the predetermined aggregate bins 2a-2f which store the thing of the kind. Prepare the aggregate.
For example, when the aggregate is put into the right aggregate bins 2d to 2f in FIG. 4, the shuttle conveyor 5 is moved so that the right end thereof is positioned above the corresponding aggregate bins 2d to 2f. Moreover, when putting an aggregate into the left aggregate bins 2a to 2d, the shuttle conveyor 5 is moved so that the left end is positioned above the corresponding aggregate bins 2a to 2c.

Then, after the preparation for the aggregate input is completed, the aggregate loaded on the dump truck is input into the hopper 3 and the conveyor 4 and the shuttle conveyor 5 are operated, so that the aggregate is a predetermined aggregate bin 2a to 2f. Sorted into
In addition, it was not possible for the applicant to find an appropriate document about the fact that the type of aggregate was determined using a slip as described above and the shuttle conveyor 5 was operated.

  However, as described above, the operation of loading the aggregate to be loaded into the hopper 3 into the predetermined aggregate bins 2a to 2f according to the type is performed by the worker based on the slip each time. Therefore, it is unavoidable to use an artificial method of operating the shuttle conveyor 5, so that the aggregate bin is to be thrown in due to misreading of the slip or an operation mistake of the shuttle conveyor 5. There was a possibility of throwing into other aggregate bins 2a to 2f other than 2a to 2f.

In particular, concrete used in the construction of dams, etc. must be manufactured to the required strength by adjusting the composition of the aggregate according to the placement site, and it is not permitted to mix the aggregate. If another type of aggregate is mixed in the aggregate bin in which the specific type of aggregate is to be stored, an aggregate mixing error may occur during concrete production.
Even if other types of aggregate are found to be mixed, the classification requires a lot of labor and time, which not only affects the progress of the construction but also increases the construction cost. To do.

  In addition, in an aggregate production plant, if the particle size of the produced aggregate can be constantly monitored, it will contribute to the improvement of the quality of the aggregate, and the aggregate supply from the aggregate storage facility to the concrete production facility At that time, if the particle size of the aggregate can be monitored, it will contribute to the improvement of the quality of the concrete.

  Accordingly, the present invention prevents the above-described artificial mistakes when determining the type of aggregate, makes it easy to find the mistake that has occurred, and further monitors the particle size during aggregate production and the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide an aggregate type determination method and apparatus that can also be used.

In the first aspect of the present invention, the distance sensor 8 which is arranged to face the upper surface of the aggregate 7 whose type is to be determined and detects the distance to the aggregate 7 as aggregate distance data is conveyed to the aggregate. The upper and lower surfaces of the aggregate 7 conveyed by the conveyor are scanned, and the uneven shape is detected by continuously detecting a plurality of aggregate distance data. A plurality of aggregates detected by the distance sensor , wherein a threshold value in a predetermined range is set in advance for each type of various aggregates having different particle sizes. This is an aggregate type determination method for determining the type of aggregate according to which threshold range the average deviation of the distance data is included .

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the distance sensor 8 that detects the distance between the upper surface of the aggregate 7 whose type is to be determined as aggregate distance data, and the distance sensor 8 conveys the aggregate 7. Various aggregates whose average deviation of a plurality of aggregate distance data detected by the distance sensor 8 is set on the upper surface of the conveyor and scanned on the upper surface of the aggregate 7 conveyed by the conveyor are different in particle diameter. This is an aggregate type determination device including a calculation unit 9 that determines an aggregate type depending on which threshold range is included in a predetermined range of threshold values preset for each type .

  According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent an artificial mistake in determining the type of aggregate and the like, and to make it easier to find an error that has occurred. Easy to do.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to this.

  As an embodiment of the present invention, an aggregate type determination device installed in an aggregate storage facility at a construction site of a dam construction work will be described with reference to the drawings.

The aggregate storage facility 1 'of the present embodiment sorts a plurality of types of aggregates that are put into the hopper 3 into a plurality of aggregate bins 2a to 2f according to the type, as in the conventional aggregate storage facility. (The same parts as those in the conventional aggregate storage facility shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals).
Specifically, G1 aggregate (particle size 150 to 80 mm) is used in the aggregate bin 2a, G2 aggregate (particle size 80 to 40mm) is used in the aggregate bin 2b, and G3 aggregate (particle size is used). 40-20 mm) in the aggregate bin 2c, G4 aggregate (particle size 20-5 mm) in the aggregate bin 2d, and S aggregate (particle size 5 mm or less) in the aggregate bin 2e or 2f. Each of them is sorted and stored.

  The aggregate storage facility includes a transport conveyor 4 that transports the aggregate received in the hopper 3 above the aggregate bins 2a to 2f, and an aggregate that is dropped and supplied from the transport end of the transport conveyor 4. There is provided a shuttle conveyor 5 capable of controlling horizontal movement to the left and right and forward / reverse rotation for feeding and feeding to the predetermined aggregate bins 2a to 2f according to the type.

The aggregate type determination device 6 used in the aggregate type determination method of the present embodiment is installed at a position of, for example, 50 cm above the conveyor belt 4 ′ of the transport conveyor 4 and is transported on the transport conveyor 4. A laser displacement meter 8 that is a distance sensor that detects the distance to the upper surface of the aggregate 7 by emitting a laser beam toward the surface and detecting the reflected light, and controls the laser displacement meter 8 and the laser displacement meter 8 includes a programmable logic controller (PLC) 9 that performs a required calculation for determining the aggregate type based on the detected value of 8.
As a calculation means, a personal computer can be used instead of the PLC.

The laser displacement meter 8 intermittently detects the distance from the upper surface of the aggregate 7 as aggregate distance data at every required minute detection period.
By making the detection cycle a minute time, the above-mentioned aggregate distance data is continuously detected. As a result, the upper surface of the aggregate 7 conveyed on the conveyor 4 is scanned linearly, and the uneven shape ( Vertical cross-sectional shape) can be detected.

The PLC 9 has a large number of aggregate distance data detected continuously by the laser displacement meter 8 during a measurement time of about several seconds or a required number of extracted data extracted from the aggregate distance data (hereinafter referred to as “ For the “aggregate distance data group”), an average deviation (Mdev) is obtained by the following formula 1.

（ここで、ｎは骨材距離データ群に含まれる全骨材距離データの数、Ｘiはｉ個目の骨材距離データの値、Ｘaveはｎ個の全骨材距離データの平均値である。）

(Where n is the number of total aggregate distance data included in the aggregate distance data group, Xi is the value of the i-th aggregate distance data, and Xave is the average value of the n total aggregate distance data. .)

Since the average deviation obtained as described above corresponds to the average value of the width (amplitude) of the vertical vibration of the uneven shape on the upper surface of the aggregate to be conveyed, it is strong between the particle size of the aggregate 7. A correlation is recognized, and the value increases as the particle size of the aggregate 7 increases, and conversely decreases as the particle size decreases.
Therefore, the aggregate type can be determined by determining whether or not the average deviation is within a predetermined threshold range appropriately set for each type of aggregate.

  That is, the PLC 9 compares the threshold value of the required range set in advance for each of the various aggregates with the average deviation, and determines which type of aggregate the threshold value is included in the threshold value range. Thus, the type of aggregate is determined, and the result is output as an aggregate type signal.

  Therefore, for example, the aggregate signal is input to an indicator that displays the aggregate type, and the indicator is installed in a place where an operator who operates the shuttle conveyor 5 can visually check the aggregate type. If it is made to display, even if it is a case where an operator operates the shuttle conveyor 5 based on a slip as in the prior art, the misreading of the slip can be confirmed by reconfirming the display of the aggregate type of the indicator. It becomes easy to prevent an operation mistake of the shuttle conveyor 5, and even if there is a mistake, it is easy to find the mistake.

  Further, if the worker confirms the type of the aggregate 7 only by displaying the display and operates the shuttle conveyor 5, it is possible to omit the conventional delivery of slips.

  Further, if the aggregate type signal is directly input to a control device (not shown) that controls the shuttle conveyor 5 and is automatically operated without an operator's operation, the aggregate 7 is generated without causing human error. Can be reliably sorted based on the type.

FIG. 3 shows the result of the aggregate type determination test performed by the aggregate type determination apparatus 6 of this example.
In this test, the various aggregates 7 are conveyed by the conveyor 4 at a speed of 100 m / min, and the distance to the upper surface of the aggregate 7 (aggregate distance data) is detected by the laser displacement meter 8 as a detection cycle. Measurements were taken at 10,000 measuring points for 5 seconds at 500 μs intervals. Therefore, in this case, the concavo-convex shape on the upper surface of the aggregate 7 to be conveyed is measured at measuring points at intervals of 0.1667 mm.

As shown in FIG. 3, this test was performed five times for the G1 aggregate (tests 1 to 5), four times for the G2 aggregate (tests 6 to 9), and twice for the G3 aggregate (test 10). 11), and G4 aggregate (tests 12 and 13) and S aggregate (tests 14 and 15) twice. Note that the test 16 is a measurement of the position of the upper surface of the conveyor belt 4 ′ with no aggregate on the conveyor 4.
In FIG. 3, the measured aggregate distance data is indicated by a distance (unit: mm) from the reference position virtually set at a predetermined height on the conveyor belt 4 ′.

  About each aggregate distance data group of tests 1-16 obtained as mentioned above, while obtaining an average deviation by the above-mentioned numerical formula 1, 1000 aggregate distance data were extracted from each aggregate distance data group. Data group, data group obtained by extracting 2000 aggregate distance data, data group obtained by extracting 4000 aggregate distance data, data group obtained by extracting 6000 aggregate distance data, and 8000 bones For the data group from which the material distance data was extracted, the average deviation was calculated by the above formula 1.

The obtained average deviation is set to a preset threshold value (as shown in FIG. 3, 50.0 to 25.0 for the G1 aggregate, 24.9 to 14.0 for the G2 aggregate, and 13.9 to 7.0 for the G3 aggregate). , G4 aggregate is 6.9 to 4.4, S aggregate is 4.3 to 2.0, and no aggregate is 1.9 to 0. All units are in [mm]. The type (and presence / absence) was determined.
Note that the above-described threshold range may be changed as appropriate to further increase the accuracy of determination.

In Test 2 and Test 5 performed on the aggregate of G1, the average deviation (marked with * in FIG. 3) obtained for the aggregate distance data group consisting of 2000 and 1000 aggregate distance data is: Since it deviated from the range of 50.0 to 25.0 which is the threshold value of the aggregate of G1, the aggregate type could not be accurately determined.
However, in all of Test 1 to Test 16, the average deviation obtained for the data group consisting of 4000 or more aggregate distance data was within the threshold range according to the type of each aggregate. It was possible to accurately determine the aggregate type.
Therefore, it is preferable to determine the aggregate type on the transport conveyor 4 at a speed of 100 m / min based on an aggregate distance data group including 4000 or more aggregate distance data. When the speed of the conveyor 4 is different, by appropriately increasing / decreasing the number of data of the aggregate distance data group, it is possible to determine with sufficient accuracy without excessively increasing the amount of data to be calculated.

  The installation height of the laser displacement meter 8 (the distance above the conveyor belt 4 'from the conveyor belt 4') can be changed as appropriate. In addition, various other distance sensors such as an infrared sensor can be used instead of the laser displacement meter 8.

  Although the example which installed the distance sensor on the conveyance conveyor 4 was shown above, the position of a distance sensor can be changed suitably. For example, it is possible to determine the type of aggregate loaded on the loading platform of the dump truck before the aggregate is put into the hopper. In this case, for example, a distance sensor may be provided on the arm of the robot arm so as to be movable, and the upper surface of the aggregate on the loading platform of the dump truck may be scanned while moving the sensor at a constant speed.

  In addition, the aggregate type determination device of the present invention is used to prevent mixing of different types of aggregates in the aggregate storage facility, and by determining the type of aggregate on the conveyor for carrying out aggregates to the batcher plant. It can also be used for monitoring the particle size of the aggregate, and it can also be used for quality control by monitoring the particle size on the conveyor in the aggregate production facility.

It is explanatory drawing of the aggregate storage equipment provided with the aggregate classification determination apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a principal part expanded sectional view same as the above. It is the table | surface which showed the experimental result by a present Example. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional aggregate storage equipment.

Explanation of symbols

1, 1 'Aggregate storage facilities 2a to 2f Aggregate bin 3 Hopper 4 Conveyor 5 Shuttle conveyor 6 Aggregate type determination device 7 Aggregate 8 Laser displacement meter (distance sensor)
9 PLC

Claims (2)

A distance sensor that is arranged opposite to the upper surface of the aggregate whose type is to be determined and detects the distance to the aggregate as aggregate distance data is installed above the conveyor that conveys the aggregate. An aggregate type determination method for scanning the upper surface of the aggregate to be conveyed and detecting the uneven shape by continuously detecting a plurality of aggregate distance data, and determining the type of the aggregate,
A threshold value in a predetermined range is set in advance for each type of aggregate having different particle sizes, and the average deviation of the plurality of aggregate distance data detected by the distance sensor is in any threshold range. An aggregate type determination method, wherein the type of aggregate is determined depending on whether it is included in the aggregate. The distance sensor for detecting the distance between the upper surface of the aggregate whose type is to be determined as aggregate distance data and the distance sensor are installed above the conveyor for conveying the aggregate and are conveyed by the conveyor. The average deviation of a plurality of aggregate distance data detected by scanning the upper surface of the aggregate and detected by the distance sensor is within a predetermined range of threshold values set in advance for each type of aggregate having different particle sizes. An aggregate type determining apparatus comprising: calculating means for determining an aggregate type depending on which threshold range is included .

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