JP5090636B2 - Bending machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a bending apparatus that performs bending by moving a bending mechanism around a workpiece when a long workpiece, for example, a pipe or a rod-like material is bent in a predetermined direction.

Conventionally, a workpiece is gripped by a chuck mechanism, and a bending mechanism is attached to the tip of an articulated robot having three joints that rotate around an axis parallel to the axial direction of the workpiece. It is known that the bending mechanism is moved to a predetermined position by moving the chuck mechanism and the chuck mechanism is moved in the axial direction of the workpiece by the moving mechanism to perform bending at a plurality of locations (see Patent Document 1).
JP 2001-212624 A

  However, in such a conventional device, the chuck mechanism is moved by the moving mechanism and the workpiece is moved in the axial direction. Therefore, the moving mechanism moves the chuck mechanism holding the workpiece by a predetermined distance. There is a problem that a space that can be used is required, the apparatus is enlarged, and the installation space is increased.

  The subject of this invention is providing the bending apparatus with a small apparatus and a small installation space.

In order to achieve such a problem, the present invention is a bending apparatus comprising a chuck mechanism for gripping a long workpiece, a bending mold, and a clamping mold capable of revolving around the bending mold. A bending mechanism that clamps the workpiece, revolves the clamping mold to bend the workpiece, and a pivotable joint-type robot having the bending mechanism attached to one end, the joint-type robot including: A first swivel mounted pivotably on the machine base; a first arm having one end pivotally connected to the first swivel via a first swing joint; and the first arm A second arm whose one end is connected to the other end of the second arm via a second swing joint, and a second swivel connected to the other end of the second arm via a second swivel joint so as to be pivotable. And a tip end with one end attached to the second swivel base via a third swing joint. And an auxiliary joint attached to the other end of the tip arm for rotating the bending mechanism by rotating the tip arm, controlling the articulated robot, Control means for moving along the workpiece, and the second arm has an arm front portion, an arm rear portion, and a pivot shaft, and the arm rear portion can be twisted with respect to the arm front portion. It is configured. The control means sandwiches the long workpiece by the bending die and the clamping die, moves the bending mechanism by the articulated robot, and holds the long workpiece to the chuck. A loading control means for gripping the mechanism; a bending control means for bending the elongated workpiece at a plurality of locations by moving the bending mechanism by the articulated robot; and the elongated shape after the bending process is completed. The gripping mechanism is released while the workpiece is clamped between the bending die and the clamping die, and the bending mechanism is moved by the articulated robot to carry out the long workpiece. Carrying-out control means.

  The chuck mechanism may be fixed so as not to move. However, when the bending mechanism attached to the tip of the articulated robot does not reach the target position on the workpiece by the movement of the robot arm alone, the chuck mechanism can approach or move away from the articulated robot. You may comprise so that it can move relatively.

  An articulated robot has a swinging (bending) joint in which two members connected by a joint swing, and a turning (twisting) in which the other member can perform a turning operation on one member connected by the joint. ) A structure having a plurality of joints may be used. Further, the control means may include a bending control means for bending at a plurality of locations by moving the bending mechanism with an articulated robot. Further, the control means may include a carry-in control means for holding the workpiece by the chuck mechanism by holding the workpiece between the bending die and the clamping die and moving the bending mechanism by the articulated robot. Alternatively, the control unit releases the workpiece by unloading the workpiece by releasing the gripping by the chuck mechanism in a state where the workpiece is held between the bending die and the clamping die after the processing is completed, and moving the bending mechanism by the articulated robot. A configuration having control means may also be used.

  The bending apparatus of the present invention is advantageous in that it is small in size and requires a small installation space because a pivotable articulated robot moves the bending mechanism to perform bending.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, an articulated robot 2 is placed on a machine base 1 of the bending apparatus. A bending mechanism 30 (described later) for bending a long workpiece 4 such as a pipe is attached to the tip of the articulated robot 2. The articulated robot 2 includes three first to third oscillating joints 6, 8, and 10 in which two members connected by joints can swing, that is, bend, and one of the joints connected by the joints. Three first to third swivel joints 12, 14, and 15 that allow the other member to swivel with respect to the member are provided. The direction of the axis of the swing joint is perpendicular to the link direction of the two members, and the direction of the axis of the swing joint is the same as the link direction of the two members.

  The articulated robot 2 includes a fixed portion 16 attached to the machine base 1, and the fixed portion 16 and the first swivel base 18 are connected by a first swivel joint 12. The first swivel joint 12 has a mechanism that drives the first swivel base 18 to rotate at a predetermined angle around a vertical axis CV1 (see FIG. 4). In FIG. 4, the rotation direction of the first swivel base 18 is indicated by an arrow A.

  One end of the first arm 20 is connected to the first swivel base 18 via the first swing joint 6. The first swing joint 6 has a mechanism for rotating the first arm 20 at a predetermined angle around a horizontal axis CH1 (see FIG. 4). The horizontal axis CH1 of the first swing joint 6 and the vertical axis CV1 of the first swing joint 12 are orthogonal to each other. In FIG. 4, the rotation direction of the first arm 20 is indicated by an arrow B.

  The other end of the first arm 20 and one end of the second arm 22 are connected via the second swing joint 8. The second swing joint 8 has a mechanism for driving the second arm 22 to rotate at a predetermined angle around an axis CH2 (see FIG. 4) parallel to the horizontal axis CH1 of the first swing joint 6. In FIG. 4, the rotation direction of the second arm 22 is indicated by an arrow C.

  A second swivel base 24 (see FIG. 3) is connected to the other end of the second arm 22 via a second swivel joint 14. The second swivel joint 14 rotates the second swivel base 24 at a predetermined angle around an axis CV2 (see FIG. 4) orthogonal to the horizontal axes CH1 and CH2 of the first and second swing joints 6 and 8. It has a mechanism to do. In FIG. 3, the rotation direction of the second swivel base 24 is indicated by an arrow D. One end of a tip arm 26 is connected to the second swivel base 24 via the third swing joint 10. The third swing joint 10 rotates the tip arm 26 around the axis CH3 (see FIG. 4). In FIG. 4, the rotation direction of the distal arm 26 is indicated by an arrow E.

  The second arm 22 is provided with a third turning joint 15, and the rear portion 22 b of the second arm 22 can twist with respect to the front portion 22 a around the turning shaft 17 (see FIG. 4). it can. In FIG. 4, the rotation direction of the rear portion 22b is indicated by an arrow F.

Note that the second swivel joint 14 and the second swivel base 24 shown in FIG. 3 are not shown because they are hidden in FIG. 4.
As shown in FIG. 4, a rotatable auxiliary joint 28 is provided at the distal end of the distal arm 26, and a bending mechanism 30 is attached to the auxiliary joint 28. The auxiliary joint 28 is mechanically connected to the third swing joint 10 by a gear mechanism (not shown). When the tip arm 26 is rotated 360 degrees by the third swing joint 10, the bending mechanism 30 is configured to rotate 360 degrees by the auxiliary joint 28.

  With the above-described configuration, the bending mechanism 30 can be rotated around the workpiece 4 without causing the workpiece 4 as an obstacle. In the above example, the auxiliary joint 28 is mechanically connected to the third rocking joint 10 by a gear mechanism (not shown), but the present invention is not limited to this. The auxiliary joint 28 may be configured to turn independently of the third swing joint 10 by another drive motor, for example.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the bending mechanism 30 includes a bending die 32, and the bending die 32 is formed by stacking three groove portions 34, 36 and 38 corresponding to three kinds of bending radii in the axial direction. Has been. In addition, a clamping mold 42 that clamps the workpiece 4 in cooperation with the bending mold 32 is provided, and the clamping mold 42 is driven by the cylinder 40 and moves toward the bending mold 32. The clamping die 42 revolves around the bending die 32 in a state where the workpiece 4 is sandwiched, and the workpiece 4 can be bent at a predetermined angle. A pressure die 44 is provided alongside the clamping die 42 to receive a reaction force during bending. In FIG. 6, the revolution direction of the clamping die 42 is indicated by an arrow G.

  In addition, a chuck mechanism 46 that holds the rear end of the workpiece 4 is provided, and the chuck mechanism 46 is attached to a fixed base 48. The chuck mechanism 46 is configured such that the workpiece 4 gripped by the chuck mechanism 46 is in a horizontal state, that is, perpendicular to the vertical axis CV1 of the first revolving joint 12. Further, on both sides of the articulated robot 2, a carry-in cradle 50 and a carry-out cradle 52 are provided.

  The articulated robot 2 turns the first to third swing joints 6, 8, 10 and the first to third turning joints 12, 14, 15, whereby FIGS. 10 (a), 10 (b) and 11. As shown in (a), 11 (b), 11 (c), 11 (d), and 11 (e), the posture and moving position of the bending mechanism 30 can be controlled.

  For example, as shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b), according to the bending direction of the workpiece 4, the bending direction of the workpiece 4 and the direction of the groove 34 of the bending die 32 are matched. The bending mechanism 30 can be moved. That is, the attitude of the bending mechanism 30 can be changed in accordance with the bending direction. In the present embodiment, since the third rocking joint 10 and the auxiliary joint 28 have a fixed synchronized relationship, the positions of the distal arm 26 and the third rocking joint 10 are determined when the bending direction is determined.

  The position of the second swing joint 8 is on an arc whose center is the first swing joint 6 and whose radius is the distance between the first swing joint 6 and the second swing joint 8. It is on an arc whose center is the swing joint 10 and whose radius is the distance between the second swing joint 8 and the third swing joint 10. Therefore, if the second swing joint 8 is at the intersection of these two arcs, the position of the bending die 32 is determined. At this time, there may be two intersecting points. In this case, the second arm 22 interferes with the workpiece 4, or the tip of the workpiece 4 after bending interferes with the second arm 22. Select intersections that you don't want to do.

  Thus, by determining the position of each of the first to third swing joints 6, 8, 10, the angle formed by the fixed portion 16 and the first arm 20, the angle formed by the first arm 20 and the second arm 22, The angles formed by the second arm 22 and the tip arm 26 are respectively determined. The first arm 20, the second arm 22, and the tip arm 26 are turned to a predetermined angle by the first to third swing joints 6, 8, and 10 according to the obtained angles. As a result, the groove 34 of the bending die 32 is moved so as to contact the workpiece 4.

  As shown in FIG. 11A, when the first arm 20, the second arm 22, and the tip arm 26 of the articulated robot 2 are in a plane orthogonal to the workpiece 4, the first to third As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the bending mechanism 30 is moved around the workpiece 4 so that the bending direction is a predetermined direction by turning the swinging joints 6, 8, and 10. Can move.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 11B, when the bending position is on the distal end side of the workpiece 4 opposite to the chuck mechanism 46, the first turning joint 12 is driven and the second turning joint 14 is moved. The first pivot joint 12 is driven in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the first swing joint 12 so that the axial direction of the distal end arm 26 is orthogonal to the workpiece 4, and the first to third swing joints 6, 8, and 10 are moved. To drive. When the first turning joint 12 is turned, the bending mechanism 30 is separated from the workpiece 4, and accordingly, the second turning joint 14 and the first to third swinging joints 6, 8, 10 are driven. Thus, the groove 34 of the bending die 32 is brought into contact with the workpiece 4. Of course, the bending shape can be changed by contacting the other groove portions 36 and 38.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 11C, when bending is performed at a bending position close to the chuck mechanism 46, the first turning joint 12 is similarly driven to move the bending mechanism 30 to the bending position. Let At that time, the second turning joint 14 is driven in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the first turning joint 12 to move the tip arm 26 so that the axial direction of the tip arm 26 is orthogonal to the workpiece 4. The swing joints 6, 8, and 10 are driven.

  When bending at a plurality of locations, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), from the bending position on the tip side of the workpiece 4 on the opposite side to the chuck mechanism 46 to the bending position approaching the chuck mechanism 46. On the other hand, the workpiece 4 is sequentially bent by repeating the above-described operation. The workpiece 4 is gripped by the bending die 32 and the clamping die 42, and the bending mechanism 30 is turned around the workpiece 4 to twist the workpiece 4 and change the bending direction. Also good. Thereby, the bent workpiece 4 can be prevented from interfering with the apparatus and the floor.

  Referring to FIG. 7, the bending apparatus performs drive processing on the workpiece 4 by the host computer 100 and the control apparatus 104. The host computer 100 includes a CPU 106, a ROM 108, and a RAM 110 as the main components of the logical operation circuit. The CPU 106, ROM 108, and RAM 110 are connected via a common bus 116 to an input / output circuit 114 that inputs and outputs signals between the keyboard 112 and the TFT display device 113.

  Data relating to processing or processing performed on the workpiece 4 is input to the host computer 100 from a keyboard 112 operated by an operator. In the host computer 100, a program for operating the articulated robot 2, the bending mechanism 30, and the chuck mechanism 46 is created, and the created program is transmitted from the host computer 100 to the control device 104.

  The control device 104 includes a CPU 150, a ROM 152, and a RAM 154 as the main components of the logical operation circuit. The CPU 150, ROM 152, and RAM 154 are connected to an input / output circuit 156 via a common bus 158, and the articulated robot 2, the bending mechanism 30, and the chuck mechanism 46 are connected to the input / output circuit 156.

  Referring to FIG. 8, the software 200 stored in the control device 104 includes a pre-bending control program 210 that allows the user to appropriately perform necessary processing on the workpiece 4 before bending, and a bending process. A bending control program 220 for performing processing and a post-bending control program 230 for allowing the user to appropriately perform necessary processing on the workpiece 4 after bending.

  The pre-bending control program 210 and the post-bending control program 230 are set by the user, but it is preferable that the programs are automatically created by teaching necessary operations. It should be noted that the pre-bending control program, the bending control program, and the post-bending control program are required as necessary in the host computer 100 so that a series of operations can be smoothly performed from the start of the operation to the workpiece 4 to the end of the operation. Various settings and corrections are made and transmitted to the control device 104 as one program.

Next, the operation of the above-described bending apparatus according to this embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9 together with the bending control process performed in the control apparatus 104.
First, the workpiece 4 cut in advance to a predetermined length is conveyed onto the carry-in receiving stand 50. Then, as shown in FIG. 11 (d), the first turning joint 12 of the articulated robot 2 is driven so that the articulated robot 2 faces the workpiece 4 of the carry-in receiving base 50. Further, the first to third swing joints 6, 8, and 10 of the articulated robot 2 are driven to move the bending mechanism 30, so that the workpiece 4 moves so as to contact the groove 34 of the bending mold 32. (Step 100).

  Next, the clamping die 42 is moved, and the workpiece 4 is clamped by the bending mechanism 30 (step 110). After clamping the workpiece 4 by the bending mechanism 30, the articulated robot 2 is controlled to connect the first to third swing joints 6, 8, 10 and the first to third swing joints 12, 14, 15. When driven, the workpiece 4 is moved to the chuck mechanism 46 as shown in FIG. 11A) (step 120).

  The workpiece 4 is moved by moving the workpiece 4 on the carry-in receiving base 50 toward the chuck mechanism 46 so that the end of the workpiece 4 can be gripped by the chuck mechanism 46. Then, after moving the end of the workpiece 4 to the chuck mechanism 46, the chuck mechanism 46 is controlled to grip the end of the workpiece 4 by the chuck mechanism 46 (step 130).

  Subsequently, the articulated robot 2 is controlled to move the bending mechanism 30 to the bending position of the workpiece 4 (step 140). When there are a plurality of bending portions, bending is started from the front end side of the workpiece 4 on the side opposite to the chuck mechanism 46. After the bending mechanism 30 is moved to the bending position, the clamping die 42 and the pressure die 44 are driven to abut against the workpiece 4, and the clamping die 42 is revolved around the pressure die 44 according to a predetermined bending angle. (Step 150).

  After the bending process is completed, when the clamping mold 42 and the pressure mold 44 are released and the next bending process is performed (step 160), the processes of steps 140 and 150 are repeated to control the articulated robot 2 to perform the next process. The bending mechanism 30 is moved to the bending position, and the workpiece 4 is bent by the bending mechanism 30.

  When the bending mechanism 30 is moved, the movement of each joint is controlled so that the bending mechanism 30 moves linearly along the workpiece 4. That is, the arm end is controlled to linearly move within the turning range of the arm.

  When all the bending processes are completed (step 160), the articulated robot 2 is controlled to move the bending mechanism 30 to a position where the left and right of the workpiece 4 after the bending process can be balanced. Then, the clamping die 42 of the bending mechanism 30 is driven to clamp the workpiece 4 between the clamping die 42 and the bending die 32 (step 170).

  After clamping the workpiece 4, the chuck mechanism 46 is controlled to release the grip of the workpiece 4 (step 180). Then, the articulated robot 2 is controlled, and the bending mechanism 30 is moved as shown in FIG. 11E to move the workpiece 4 onto the carry-out receiving table 52, and the workpiece by the bending mechanism 30 is moved. 4 is released and the workpiece 4 is placed on the unloading table 52 (step 190).

  As described above, the workpiece 4 is gripped by the fixed chuck mechanism 46, and the articulated robot 2 moves the bending mechanism 30 to bend the workpiece 4. Therefore, the size can be reduced and the installation space can be reduced. . Further, the articulated robot 2 can be controlled and the chuck mechanism 46 can be controlled so that the workpiece 4 can be carried in and out.

  In FIGS. 11A to 11E, only the overlapping portions of the first arm 20 and the second arm 22 are drawn as reference numerals 22 for the sake of simplicity. Also note that the figure is drawn with the second swivel 24 omitted.

The present invention is not limited to such embodiments as described above, and can be implemented in various modes without departing from the gist of the present invention.
For example, in the above embodiment, the chuck mechanism 46 is fixed so as not to move, but may be movable. Conversely, the articulated robot 2 may be configured to be movable. Furthermore, both may be configured to be movable. In any case, if the chuck mechanism 46 and the articulated robot 2 can move relative to each other, the reaching position of the robot arm can be widened, and the restriction on the position where bending should be performed on the workpiece can be relaxed. It can be done.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 12, the present invention is applied to a case where a long metal pipe 320 is connected by crimping metal fittings 310 to both ends of the rubber hose 300. Conventionally, after bending each of the two metal pipes, the work of assembling the two bent metal pipes to the rubber hose was performed, but adjusting the mounting direction (orientation) of the two bent pipes It was cumbersome to do.

  In the present invention, the pipe 320 to be bent is assembled to the rubber hose 300 from the beginning and fixed with the caulking bracket 310. The portion of the caulking metal fitting 310 is clamped by the chuck mechanism 46, and the two metal pipes 320 are sequentially bent from the outer portion toward the portion (inner side) clamped by the chuck mechanism 46. At this time, after all the bending is performed on one pipe, the bending mechanism 30 is reversed, and the bending is performed on the other pipe. As a result, it is possible to obtain a structure in which two pipes bent in a predetermined direction are connected by an intermediate pipe without the above-described problems.

It is a front view of the bending apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention. It is a left view of the bending apparatus of this embodiment. It is a top view of the bending apparatus of this embodiment. It is a left view of the joint type robot of this embodiment. It is an enlarged side view of the bending mechanism of this embodiment. It is an enlarged plan view of the bending mechanism of this embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the control system of the bending apparatus of this embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the program structure used with the bending apparatus of this embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the bending process control process performed with the control apparatus of this embodiment. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing at the time of seeing the joint type robot of this embodiment from a horizontal direction. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing when it sees from the top of the joint type robot of this embodiment. It is the schematic for demonstrating the aspect which clamps from the both outer sides of a workpiece, pinching | interposing the center part of a workpiece.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Machine stand 2 ... Articulated robot 4 ... Work piece 6 ... 1st rocking joint 8 ... 2nd rocking joint 10 ... 3rd rocking joint 12 ... 1st turning joint 14 ... 2nd turning joint 15 ... 1st 3 swivel joint 16 ... fixed part 17 ... swivel axis 18 ... first swivel base 20 ... first arm 22 ... second arm 24 ... second swivel base 26 ... tip arm 28 ... auxiliary joint 30 ... bending mechanism 32 ... bending mold 34 , 36, 38 ... groove 42 ... clamping die 44 ... pressure die 46 ... chuck mechanism 48 ... fixed base 50 ... carry-in stand 52 ... carry-out stand 104 ... control device

Claims (3)

A bending device,
A chuck mechanism for gripping a long workpiece;
A bending mechanism that sandwiches the workpiece by a bending die and a clamping die that can revolve around the bending die, and revolves the clamping die to bend the workpiece;
A pivotable articulated robot with the bending mechanism attached to one end,
The articulated robot is
A first swivel mounted pivotably on the machine base;
A first arm having one end pivotably connected to the first swivel base via a first swing joint;

A second arm having one end connected to the other end of the first arm via a second swing joint;
A second swivel connected to the other end of the second arm via a second swivel joint so as to be capable of swiveling;
A tip arm having one end attached to the second swivel base via a third swing joint;
An auxiliary joint attached to the other end of the tip arm and for rotating the bending mechanism by rotating the tip arm;
Control means for controlling the articulated robot and moving the bending mechanism along the workpiece;
The second arm has an arm front part, an arm rear part, and a pivot axis, and the arm rear part is configured to be capable of twisting movement with respect to the arm front part,
The control means includes
The long workpiece is held between the bending die and the clamping die, and the bending mechanism is moved by the articulated robot so that the long workpiece is held by the chuck mechanism. Control means;
A bending control means for bending the elongated workpiece at a plurality of locations by moving the bending mechanism by the articulated robot;
After the bending process is finished, the long workpiece is held by the bending mold and the clamping mold to release the chuck mechanism, and the articulated robot moves the bending mechanism to move the long workpiece. Unloading control means for unloading the scale-shaped workpiece;
Bending machine equipped with. The bending apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the chuck mechanism is fixed so as not to move. The bending apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the chuck mechanism and the articulated robot are relatively movable.

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