JP5078198B2 - Ultrasonic flow meter - Google Patents

Ultrasonic flow meter Download PDF

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Publication number
JP5078198B2
JP5078198B2 JP2001175735A JP2001175735A JP5078198B2 JP 5078198 B2 JP5078198 B2 JP 5078198B2 JP 2001175735 A JP2001175735 A JP 2001175735A JP 2001175735 A JP2001175735 A JP 2001175735A JP 5078198 B2 JP5078198 B2 JP 5078198B2
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reception
time
transmission
wave
reference voltage
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JP2002365110A5 (en
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徳行 鍋島
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Aichi Tokei Denki Co Ltd
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Aichi Tokei Denki Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は流体中の超音波の伝播時間を、上流から下流(順方向)と下流から上流(逆方向)の両方について測定して流速を算出し、さらに流量を求める超音波流量計に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
測定原理の一例として、図16に示すように、流体中に距離Lを離して流管3の上流と下流に配置した1組の超音波送受波器の一方の送受波器1から他方の送受波器2への順方向伝播時間t1 は、静止流体中の超音波の音速をC、流体の流れの速さをVとすると、
1 =L/(C+V)
となる。
【0003】
また、送受波器2から送受波器1への逆方向伝播時間t2 は、
2 =L/(C−V)
となる。伝播時間t1 とt2 とから流速Vを、
V=(L/2){(1/t1 )−(1/t2 )}
として求めていた。
【0004】
上述の測定原理において、超音波が受信側の送受波器に到達する時期、つまり到達時点を特定する受信検知の方法として、特定波のゼロクロスポイントを検知するようにしたものがある。図17は発信のタイミングを示す発信駆動信号と受信波を示している。実際の受信波は非常に小さく、先ず増幅される。同図の受信波は増幅後の波形を示している。
【0005】
aが到達時点で、徐々に振幅が大きくなる。その後最大振幅となり徐々に小さくなる。ところが到達時点aはノイズに隠れて検知できない。そこで、次のような方法が行われている。
【0006】
ノイズより十分大きな基準電圧レベルとしてのしきい値VTHを決め、このレベルに最初に達した波、例えば同図の第3波がb点でしきい値に達した後ゼロレベルを通るゼロクロスポイントcを検知して受信検知とする方法である。
【0007】
しきい値VTHは常に何番目かのある特定の波(例えば第3波)のゼロクロスポイントを検知するように定めてあり、実際の伝播時間tは、a点からc点までの時間τを予め求めて記憶しておき、測定した到達時間t+τから時間τを減算することにより求めている。
【0008】
送信から受信までの順方向伝播時間や逆方向伝播時間を求めるのに、単純に測定した到達時間t+τから時間τを減ずるのではなく、伝播時間計測の精度を向上するために、受信すると同時に次の送信を同じ方向に行うことを複数回(n−1回)繰り返すことにより、一方向、例えば順方向の送受信をn回連続して繰り返して、最初(第1回目)の順方向送信から最後(第n回目)の受信までの時間n(t1 +τ)を測定し、次に他方向、例えば逆方向への送受信を同様にしてn回連続して繰り返して、最初の逆方向送信から最後の受信までの時間n(t2 +τ)を測定し、これらの各方向の複数回の送受信で得た測定値からnτを減じ、各方向の伝播時間t1 とt2 とを計算して流速更に流量を求める超音波流量計も公知である。
【0009】
ところが、受信波の大きさは測定する気体の圧力や、或いは超音波送受波器を構成する振動子の個々の特性によって異なる。その結果、個々のしきい値VTHの調整はもちろん、場合によっては流量計の設置場所毎に現地でしきい値VTHや、受信側の送受波器で得た信号を増幅する増幅器の増幅率の調整が必要となる。
【0010】
そこで、自動的に最適なしきい値VTHにできるいくつかの方法が模索されている。その1つは、ピーク値ホールド回路やオートマチックゲインコントロール回路(AGC)を用いて受信波のピーク値が常に一定の大きさになるよう増幅器のゲイン(前記増幅率)を調整して、狙った波をしきい値VTHで捉えるようにすることで、受信波の方をしきい値VTHに合わせる方法である。もう1つは、直前の受信波のピーク値をホールドし、そのピーク値の電圧に一定値を掛けた値をしきい値VTHとして使う方法である。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これらの方法は、消費電流の大きいアナログ回路部が大掛かりになってコスト高になる。また、ある特定電圧を一定時間ホールドしている必要があるとか、或いはしきい値VTHを決めるために、測定とは別の超音波の送受信を行う必要があるため、低消費電流にすることが難しいなどの問題点があった。
【0012】
特にピーク値等のホールド回路は低消費電力化の妨げとなる。1対の送受波器間の距離が200mm程度の気体流量計では伝播時間tが0.5ms程度であるが、繰り返し送受信を行う複数回(n回)が100回程度になるとntが50msにもなり、この長い時間の間、一定の電圧をホールドするのに大きな電力を消費するからである。
【0013】
そこで、本願の発明者は、アナログ回路による消費電流の問題点に対応しようとして、ピーク値ホールド等の回路を無くした超音波流量計を特願平9−138136号(特開平10−332452号)で提案した。この超音波流量計は受信波検知回路に指数関数的な複数の基準電圧を備え、決められた複数段の基準電圧を一気に越える波を狙った波と見なすものであるが、多数の比較回路を必要とするため、コスト高になるという問題点があった。
【0014】
上記に鑑み、本発明は受信波検知部に必要とする比較器の数を最少にすることでコスト高を抑え、かつ低消費電流で確実に狙った波を捉えることができる超音波流量計を提供することを目的とする。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するために、請求項1の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる2つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち一方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち他方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時にねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、或いは2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するよう構成され、かつ複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時はねらった波を捉えられなかったとして送受信を中断し、一定時間後増幅度を変え最初から送受信をやり直すようにした超音波流量計である。
【0016】
〔作用〕
1つの発信による増幅後の一群の受信波は、その先頭から第1波、第2波、第3波、第4波、第5波、第6波、第7波と次第にそのピークが大きくなる。このピークの電圧の大きくなる度合いは最初ほど大きくだんだん小さくなる傾向がある。つまり、ピークの大きさを比較すると、第1波側なら、第3波/第1波が最大で第5波/第3波、第7波/第5波と段々小さくなる。第2波側なら第4波/第2波が最大で第6波/第4波、第8波/第6波と小さくなる。
【0017】
なお、第3波/第1波と表現した比率は厳密には第3波のピーク値と第1波のピーク値との比率である(第3波のピーク/第1波のピーク)を簡略化して表現したもので、他の比率についても同様に簡略化した表現で示している。
【0018】
上記各比率は流体の圧力等で全体の振幅が変化してもほとんど変化しないことが実験等で確認されている。特に第3波/第1波および第4波/第2波は他の比率に比べ十分大きいため区別が容易である。
【0019】
また、受信波を検知すると直ちに次の送信を行うことを繰り返し、複数回の超音波到達時間をまとめて測定する方法では、隣合う受信波同士、例えばm回目の受信波とm+1回目の受信波同士では、気体(流体)の速さがほとんど変化していなくてほぼ同じであるため、振幅の比率だけでなく絶対的な大きさもほとんど同じである。
【0020】
また、同様の理由で隣合う送受信の到達時間は、同じ波を捉えている限りほとんど同じになるはずである。逆に言えば、隣合う到達時間がほとんど等しいときは、同じ波を捉えていると見なすことができる。
図6で説明する。
【0021】
仮に、第3波/第1波が3以上あり、その他の比率は2以下の場合で2つの基準電圧を200mVと500mVとし、この基準電圧を1つの比較器に切り替えて入力できるようにし、最初の受信波が200mVを初めて越えたとき、そのゼロクロス点を受信点(受信ポイント)として検出し、再び第2回目の受信において今度は基準電圧を切り替えて500mVを初めて越えた波のゼロクロス点を受信点としたとき、これら2つの到達時間がほとんど等しいときは、どちらも同じ波であり、しかもその波は、初めて200mVを越え、かつ500mVも越えることから直前の波の2.5倍以上の大きさがあると見なすことができる。この条件を満たすのは第3波だけであるため、その時点でそれが第3波と検知できる。
【0022】
また、2つの到達時間が異なるときは別の波を捉えたことになり、超音波の送受信の繰り返しを中断し、増幅器の増幅度を変化させ最初からやり直すことにより、間違うことなく第3波検知が可能となる。
【0023】
受信波の大きさが変化する要因は気体の圧力、ガス種、流量等の変化であり、それらが変化しない限り基本的には大きさの変化はほとんどないといってよい。したがって、一旦第3波を捉えることのできる増幅度が求まれば、その増幅度を使い続けることが可能でやり直しは少ない。2回の送受信で成功か不成功か判断でき、やり直しによる電力消費の無駄を最小限に抑えることができる。
【0024】
前述のように、1回の送受信の到達時間t1,t2は極めて短い時間である。したがって、連続した送受信の到達時間の差はほとんどないと考えてよい。よって、一旦第3波を捉えたら、その送信から第3波を捉えた受信までの時間がt1であった場合、次の受信波が到達するのは送信後、およそt1たったところである。したがって、その点に最も近いゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知点として良い。
【0025】
つまり、連続する送受信に対し、前回の送受の到達時間を用いて次回の受信点を予想すればよい。以下同じである。一旦ねらった波を捉えた後は、前回の送受信から受信波検知までの時間から一定時間(超音波の半周期程度がよい)を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとすることにより、第3波を捉えた受信波はゼロレベルとの比較のみで基準レベルとの比較は行うことなく第3波を捉え続けることができる。
【0026】
具体的には図1のように、ある送受の到達時間がt1mであったとすると、次回の受信は送信(前回の受信と同時に行われている)からt1m−α経過以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとする。ここでαは超音波の半周期程度の時間である。
【0027】
上記の作用説明では第1波側を正とし、正側に基準電圧レベルを設置して第3波を捉えるようにしたが、負側に基準電圧レベルを設置して第4波を捉えるようにすることもできるし、受信波の極性を逆にして正側で第4波或いは負側で第3波を捉えるようにしてもよい。
【0028】
請求項2の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる2つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち一方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち他方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時にねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、或いは2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するよう構成され、かつ複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時はねらった波を捉えられなかったとして増幅度を変え、前記3回目の送信を最初の送信としてやり直すようにした超音波流量計である。
【0029】
この発明は、請求項1の発明と比較して第3波を検知するまで測定を中断することがないため、超音波の到達時間を測定するのに要する測定時間が短くなり、消費電流を少なくできる。
【0030】
請求項3の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第3基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第3基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、第2の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第3基準電圧、第3基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時、前記3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時、或いは3回目の受信時に行う4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するよう構成され、かつ複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下か、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして送受信を中断し、一定時間後増幅度を変え最初からの送受信をやり直すようにした超音波流量計である。
【0031】
この発明は、請求項1の発明に、第1波或いは第2波の存在を確認するための段階を直前に付加したもので、更に確実に第3波或いは第4波の検知が可能となる。
【0032】
3つの基準電圧を100mV、200mV、500mVとすると、最初の100mVの受信の到達時間と2回目の200mVによる受信の到達時間が異なり、その2回目の到達時間と500mVによる3回目の到達時間が等しいときは、2回目と3回目で受信した波は第3波で、最初に受信した波は第3波ではない、つまり第1波であると確認できる。
【0033】
請求項1,2の発明のように、受信波を2つの基準電圧だけと比較する流量計では、圧力が高い場合等、何らかの理由で第1波が大きくなったとき誤って第1波を第3波としてしまう可能性があったが、この方法でその虞れはない。
【0034】
請求項4の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第3基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第3基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、第2の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第3基準電圧、第3基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時、前記3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時、或いは3回目の受信時に行う4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するよう構成され、かつ複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上か、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして増幅度を変え、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとした受信時に行う送信を最初の送信としてやり直すようにした超音波流量計である。
【0035】
この発明では、請求項3の発明に比較して、第3波を検知するまで測定を中断することがないため、超音波の到達時間を測定するのに要する測定時間が短くなり、消費電流を少なくできる。
【0036】
請求項5の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最も低い電圧或いは最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最初の受信が最も高い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も低い電圧の基準電圧、最初の受信が最も低い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、中間の電圧の基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、或いは2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するように構成され、かつ、複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして送受信を中断し、一定時間後増幅度を変えて最初から送受信をやり直すようにした超音波流量計である。
【0037】
請求項6の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最も低い電圧或いは最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最初の受信が最も高い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も低い電圧の基準電圧、最初の受信が最も低い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、中間の電圧の基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、或いは2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するように構成され、かつ、複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして増幅度を変え、前記3回目の送信を最初の送信としてやり直すようにした超音波流量計である。
【0038】
請求項7の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる4つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第4基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第4基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、2回目の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第4基準電圧、第4基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時は、前記2回目、3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、第3基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
2回目の送信、2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信、或いは3回目の受信時に行う4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するように構成され、かつ、複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下か、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして送受を中断し、一定時間後増幅度を変え最初から送受信をやり直すようにした超音波流量計である。
【0039】
請求項8の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる4つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第4基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第4基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、2回目の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第4基準電圧、第4基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時は、前記2回目、3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、第3基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
2回目の送信、2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信、或いは3回目の受信時に行う4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するように構成され、かつ、複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下か、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして増幅度を変え、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとした受信時に行う送信を最初の送信としてやり直すようにした超音波流量計である。
【0040】
請求項9の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間を測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる2つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち一方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち他方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時にねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、2回目の送信、或いは3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計である。
請求項10の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間を測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第3基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第3基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、第2の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第3基準電圧、第3基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時、前記3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
2回目の送信、3回目の送信時、或いは4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計である。
請求項11の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間を測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最も低い電圧或いは最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最初の受信が最も高い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も低い電圧の基準電圧、最初の受信が最も低い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、中間の電圧の基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、2回目の送信、或いは3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計である。
請求項12の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間を測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる4つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第4基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第4基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、2回目の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第4基準電圧、第4基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時は、前記2回目、3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、第3基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
2回目の送信、3回目の送信、或いは4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計である。
請求項13の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる2つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち一方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち他方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時にねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、2回目の送信、或いは3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計である。
請求項14の発明は、送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最も低い電圧或いは最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最初の受信が最も高い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も低い電圧の基準電圧、最初の受信が最も低い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、中間の電圧の基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、2回目の送信、或いは3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計である。
〔請求項5〜8の発明の作用〕
第3波を捉えたとするまでは、それぞれ請求項1,2,3,4の発明と同じである。前述の基準電圧を例に上げると、第3波を捉えた時、第1波は200mVより小さく、第3波は500mVより大きいとできる。よって、それ以降、200mVと500mVの中間である350mVを初めて越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知点とすることで第3波を捉え続けることが可能である。350mVは第1波、第3波の大きさがノイズ等で多少変動しても確実に第3波を捉えられるように200mVと500mVの中間(中央)に決めた値である。これら請求項5〜8の発明では、デジタル回路で構成される比較器とか減算器が必要なくなり、受信波検知部のデジタル回路の規模を小さくできる。
【0041】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に本発明の好ましい実施の形態を図面の実施例に基づいて説明する。図2のブロック図に示す実施例は、請求項2の発明に対応する。なお、受信波検知部は別の図面で詳しく説明する。
【0042】
図2で、送受波器1,2は超音波振動子で、送信にも受信にも使用できる。量送受波器は流体中を上流から下流又は下流から上流への超音波の送受信を行う。受信波検知部4は受信側の送受波器、例えば2が接続され、受信波を検知すると受信波検知信号を出力する。送受波器駆動部5はコントロール部6からの測定ON・OFF信号が“High”から“Low”になると送信側の送受波器、例えば1を先ず駆動し、その後は受信波検知部から受信波検知信号を受ける都度、送信側の送受波器を駆動する。但し、第1のカウンタ7より第n受信波検知信号を受けると、それ以後は新たに測定ON・OFF信号が“High”から“Low”になるまでは駆動を停止する。本実施例では無意味なn+1回目の駆動を行ってしまうようになっているが、受信側で無視するので問題はない。
【0043】
コントロール部6からの測定ON・OFF信号は受信波検知部4にも入力される。測定ON・OFF信号を“High”にすることで測定を中断することができる。再測定は、再び“Low”にすることで行う。
【0044】
第1のカウンタ7はコントロール部6よりの再スタート信号でリセットされるようになっていて、その後のn+1回目の受信波検知信号を検知して第n受信波検知信号を出力する。第2のカウンタ8は再スタート信号入力後の受信波検知信号から第n受信波検知信号までの時間を測定して、カウント値をコントロール部6へ出力するようになっている。
【0045】
コントロール部6は一定間隔で送受切替信号を反転させることにより2つの送受波器の役割の切り替えを行う。各切り替え後、毎回、切り替えによるノイズ等がおさまる時間をおいて、測定ON・OFF信号を“High”から“Low”にする。このとき少し遅れて再スタート信号も出力する。そして、第n受信波検知信号を入力すると、第2のカウンタ8の測定値(カウント値)を読み取り、直前に行った反対向きでの測定値とを用いて、その間の流速流量を演算する。
【0046】
図3は、前記受信波検知部4の電気回路の一部を構成する増幅度可変の増幅部11で、図2の受信側の送受波器、例えば2から入力される信号Vinは増幅部11で増幅される。オペアンプ12に接続されたフィードバック抵抗R20〜R27をアナログスイッチ13で選択的に接続することで増幅度を変える。アナログスイッチ13はラインS10,S11,S12に印加されるコントロール部6からの増幅度選択信号で8個のうちの1つのスイッチが選択的に閉じる。図示の場合、フィードバック抵抗R24と直列のスイッチが閉じているため、増幅部11の増幅度はR24/R1である。なお、フィードバック抵抗R20〜R27の抵抗値は、R20<R21<R22<…R27と順に大きく定めてある。前記信号Vinは増幅部11で増幅されてVoutとなる。このVoutが増幅後の受信波である。
【0047】
図4は前記受信波検知部4の電気回路の主要部で、前記図3の増幅部11の後段に接続される。比較器14の+入力には受信波Voutが入力され、−入力には2つの基準電圧のうちの1つが選択入力される。この選択はバイナリカウンタ15の出力(Q1とQ2が出力で、Q1=2、Q2=2を示している)で決まり、最初は再スタート信号でリセットされるため200mVが選択される。バイナリカウンタ15はカウント“2”で停止し、それ以上カウントアップしない構成になっている。
【0048】
比較器14が200mVを越える波を捉えて、その出力が“High”となるRSFF16の出力Qは一旦“Low”になり、RSFF16のS入力であるゼロクロス検知用比較器17の出力が受信波のゼロクロスを検知し、“High”となるとともに再び“High”になる。その立上がりエッジを立上りエッジ検知器18で検知した信号が受信波検知信号となっている。
【0049】
この信号はカウンタ15のCK入力となっていてカウンタ15はこれをカウントするようになっている。
【0050】
なお、切り替えスイッチSW1は、バイナリカウンタ15のカウント値が“0”の時に基準電圧200mVを、“1”のとき500mVを選択する。また切り替えスイッチSW2はバイナリカウンタ15のカウント値が“2”でA=B側に切り替わる。
【0051】
これにより、最初の受信は、最初に200mVを越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイント、次は、最初に500mVを越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイント、以降はA=B出力が“High”になった以降のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとするように動く。
【0052】
また前記受信波検知信号は記憶器20のラッチ入力となっていて、この瞬間のカウンタ22のカウント値t11を記憶する。更に、受信波検知信号はORゲート21を介してカウンタ22をリセットするように構成されていて(ラッチ後リセットする)、到達時間を記憶器20が記憶するとリセットされ、次の到達時間の測定に移るようになっている。
【0053】
減算器23は記憶器20で記憶された値(カウント記憶値)がC入力として入力されていて、もう一方にαが入力されている。そして、C−α(t11−α)がデジタル比較器19のB入力に出力されている。
【0054】
またカウンタ22の出力がA入力としてデジタル比較器19に入力されていて、そのABの入力が等しくなると、A=B出力が“High”となる。
【0055】
カウンタ22のカウントが進み、t11−αと等しくなると、A=B出力が“High”となりRSFF16の出力Qは“Low”となり次のゼロクロスを待つ状態になる。そして実際にゼロクロスするときに、ゼロクロス検知用比較器の出力によりRSFF16の出力Qが“High”となり再び受信波検知信号が出力される。ここで、再びt12が記憶される。以下は同じである。αは超音波の約半周期分の時間とした。
【0056】
発信器24はこの半周期分を検知できる周波数でよく、また精度もそれほど要求されない。また、第2のカウンタ8用の基準クロック或いはその分周したものも使用可能である。
【0057】
記憶器20の出力がコントロール部6に入力されていて、バイナリカウンタ15のR入力には測定ON・OFF信号と再スタート信号のOR信号が入力されている。また、このOR信号は比較器のカウンタのリセット信号となっている。
【0058】
本実施例ではコントロール部6としてマイクロコンピュータを使用している。マイクロコンピュータは、先ず送信の向きをセットすると、その切り替え時のノイズが十分小さくなる時間後、測定ON・OFF信号を“High”から“Low”にする。このとき少し遅れて再スタート信号も出力する。
【0059】
受信波検知信号は割り込みとしてコントロール部6へ入力される。コントロール部6の動作を図5にフローチャートで示す。
【0060】
βは超音波の半周期程度に相当するカウント値である。1回目の割り込みではtaを読み取り前回値として記憶する(図6参照)。
【0061】
次の割込みはtbを読み取る。ここでtaと前回値tbの差がβより大きければ、増幅度が合致していなくて狙った波を捉えられなかったとして増幅度を変更して再スタート信号が出力される。その場合はバイナリカウンタ15はリセットされ、選択される基準電圧は最初の状態、つまり低電圧の基準に戻される。よって次の受信が最初の受信と見なされることになる。β以下の場合は狙った波が捉えられたと判定され、本割り込み、すなわち受信波検知信号割込はマスクされ、不許可となり、以後許可されるまでは受信波検知信号が入力されてもこの動きはしない。
【0062】
前述のように、3回目と見なされた以降の受信は、送信より前回の到達時間−α経過後の最初のゼロクロスポイントとなる。
【0063】
実際の測定はtaを読み取った受信時(最初の受信時)にスタートしたことになる。
第1のカウンタ7は実質測定スタート時点の受信波検知信号を1と数えるため、n+1回目がn番目に相当する。なお、図6はtaとtbの差がβ以下だった時の波形図で、請求項1と2に対応する。
【0064】
図6では、2回目の受信波検知信号が、2回目の受信波検知割込となる。ここで読み取ったカウント記憶値は、前回値(1回目の受信時にかかる1回目の割込時、読み取り“前回値”として記憶したもの)と比較、差がβ以下なら以後の受信波検知割込をマスクする。
【0065】
前述のように、送到達時間をカウントするカウンタ8は、再スタート信号後の受信波検知信号からカウントを始める。よって、測定のスタートは最初の受信時(2回目の発信時)である。
図7は、増幅部11の増幅度が最初大きすぎた場合を示し、請求項2で増幅度を1回調整した場合に対応する。
【0066】
図6同様、先ずは2回目の受信波検知信号が2回目の受信波検知割込となる。ここで読み取ったカウント記憶部tb′は、前回値ta′(1回目の受信時にかかる1回目の割込時、読み取り“前回値”として記憶したもの)と比較、最初、差がβより大きいため、増幅度が不適当で、狙った波が捉えられていないとし、増幅度を変更(小さく)して、再スタート信号を出力する。次に、基準レベルは200mVに戻され、割込数はリセットされるため、次の割込が1回目の割込と見なされる。こうして、結局4回目の受信波検知信号が、2回目の受信波検知割込と見なされる。
【0067】
ここで読み取ったカウント記憶値は、前回値(1回目の受信時にかかる1回目の割込時、読み取り“前回値”として記憶したもの)と比較、差がβ以下なら、以後の受信波検知割込をマスクする。前述のように、送到達時間をカウントするカウンタ8は、再スタート信号後の受信波検知信号からカウントを始める。よって、この場合には、測定のスタートは3回目の受信時(4回目の発信時)である。
【0068】
図8の実施例は請求項4に対応し、図4と比較して3つの基準電圧が用意されている点などが異なるが、同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付してその説明を省略する。カウンタ15Aはカウント値が“3”で停止し、それ以上カウントアップしない構成である。切替スイッチSW1はカウンタ15Aのカウント値が0で100mV、1で200mV、2で500mVの基準電圧を選択する。切替スイッチはカウンタ15Aのカウント値が3でA=B側に切り替わる。図9はこの実施例のコントロール部の動作のフローチャートである。図10は成功時の波形図で、請求項3と4に対応する。
【0069】
図11の実施例は請求項6に対応する。この図の受信波検知部の主要部の電気回路図である。カウンタ15Bが受信波検知信号をカウントし、その結果により切替スイッチSW1が切り替えられる。最初の受信時はカウント値はゼロのため比較器に接続される基準電圧は200mV、最初の受信後はカウント値が1となるため500mVに接続され、次の受信時にはカウント値が2となって350mVに接続され、その状態が維持される。各送受信の到達時間はカウンタがカウント受信毎にその値は記録器にラッチされる。この値はカウント記憶値としてコントロール部が読み取って使用する。
【0070】
図12は図11の実施例の最初のトライで成功した時の波形図であるが、請求項5の発明の成功時にも対応している。この波形図は成功時を示す。同じ波が200mVも500mVも越え、しかもその前には200mVに達する波が無い。その波は直前の波の2.5倍以上ある。また、コントロール部の動作のフローは図5と同じである。
【0071】
図13の実施例は請求項8に対応し、受信波検知部の主要部の電気回路図である。切替スイッチSW1は、カウンタ15Aのカウント値が0で100mV、1で200mV、2で500mV、3で350mVに切り替わる。図14は図13の実施例の波形で、成功時を示すが、請求項7の発明の成功時にも対応している。また、コントロール部の動作のフローは図9と同じである。
【0072】
上述のように、各実施例では、基準電圧との比較を1つの比較器で実現でき、コストが下がる。
なお、上記実施例では、基準電圧との比較に1つの比較器を使用し、そのほかにゼロレベルとの比較にもう1つの計2個の比較器で構成しているが、基準レベルとゼロレベルの比較は同時ではないため、それらの比較を1つの比較器で行うことも可能である。図15に、そのときの、波形を示す。(実施例に取り上げての説明は省く)請求項1,2に対応する。受信波と比較する電圧入力を、1つの基準レベルを越えた時点で基準レベルをゼロレベルに変更し、ゼロレベルとの比較を行い、ゼロクロスを検知すると、もう1つの基準レベルに変更し、基準レベルとの比較を行い、その後はゼロレベルに戻し、ゼロクロス検知用比較器として動作する。そうすると、実施例より、コスト的に更に有効である。
【0073】
【発明の効果】
本発明の超音波流量計は上述のように構成されているので、受信波検知部にピーク値ホールド等の消費電流の大きいアナログ回路を用いてなく、しかも比較器の数を最小限にできるため、低消費電流化に寄与し、電池駆動の流量計の実現に役立つ。コスト低減にも役立つ。
【0074】
また、調整なしで流体の圧力変動等による受信波の大きさの変動に追従して対応ができる。
【0075】
アナログ回路が増幅回路と比較器のみで構成でき、しかも受信時のみ機能させれば良い。従来の、ピーク値をホールドして、その値からしきい値VTHを発生させるものでは、前回の受信のピーク値を今回の受信時までホールドする必要があり、その分長時間アナログ回路を作動させるため、消費電流が大きい。
【0076】
更にまた本発明では、ノイズ等で受信波が一時的に歪んでも、間違った波を捉えてしまう虞れがなく、確実な測定ができる。
【0077】
そしてまた、信号に対してある程度のノイズを許容できる。低電圧駆動が可能で電池駆動の実現が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の作用を説明する受信波形図。
【図2】本発明の実施例の全体を示すブロック図。
【図3】本発明の実施例の受信波検知部に用いる増幅部の電気回路図。
【図4】本発明の実施例の要部の電気回路図。
【図5】本発明の実施例のフローチャート。
【図6】本発明の実施例の信号波形図。
【図7】本発明の実施例の信号波形図。
【図8】本発明の実施例の要部の電気回路図。
【図9】本発明の実施例のフローチャート。
【図10】本発明の実施例の信号波形図。
【図11】本発明の実施例の要部の電気回路図。
【図12】本発明の実施例の信号波形図。
【図13】本発明の実施例の要部の電気回路図。
【図14】本発明の実施例の信号波形図。
【図15】本発明の信号波形図。
【図16】超音波流量計の原理を説明する略図。
【図17】従来の超音波流量計の動作を説明する信号波形図。
【符号の説明】
1,2 送受波器
4 受信波検知部
5 送波器駆動部
6 コントロール部
11 増幅部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the propagation time of ultrasonic waves in a fluid both upstream and downstream (forward direction) and downstream to upstream (reverse direction), calculates a flow velocity, and obtains a flow rate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As an example of the measurement principle, as shown in FIG. 16, one transmitter / receiver 1 of one set of ultrasonic transducers arranged at the upstream and downstream of the flow tube 3 at a distance L in the fluid and the other transmitter / receiver. Forward propagation time t to wave 2 1 , Where C is the velocity of ultrasonic waves in a static fluid and V is the velocity of fluid flow,
t 1 = L / (C + V)
It becomes.
[0003]
The backward propagation time t from the transducer 2 to the transducer 1 2 Is
t 2 = L / (C-V)
It becomes. Propagation time t 1 And t 2 And the flow velocity V from
V = (L / 2) {(1 / t 1 )-(1 / t 2 )}
Was asking.
[0004]
In the above-described measurement principle, there is a method of detecting a zero cross point of a specific wave as a reception detection method for specifying the time when the ultrasonic wave reaches the transmitter / receiver on the receiving side, that is, the arrival time. FIG. 17 shows a transmission drive signal and a reception wave indicating the timing of transmission. The actual received wave is very small and is first amplified. The received wave in the figure shows the waveform after amplification.
[0005]
When a reaches, the amplitude gradually increases. After that, it becomes maximum amplitude and gradually decreases. However, the arrival point a is hidden behind noise and cannot be detected. Therefore, the following method is performed.
[0006]
Threshold V as a reference voltage level sufficiently larger than noise TH The first wave that reaches this level, for example, the third wave in the figure reaches the threshold at the point b and then detects the zero cross point c that passes through the zero level to detect reception.
[0007]
Threshold V TH Is always set to detect the zero crossing point of a certain specific wave (for example, the third wave), and the actual propagation time t is obtained by storing the time τ from point a to point c in advance. It is obtained by subtracting the time τ from the measured arrival time t + τ.
[0008]
In order to obtain the forward propagation time and the backward propagation time from transmission to reception, instead of simply subtracting the time τ from the measured arrival time t + τ, in order to improve the accuracy of the propagation time measurement, By repeating the transmission in the same direction a plurality of times (n-1 times), transmission / reception in one direction, for example, the forward direction is repeated continuously n times, and the first (first) forward transmission to the last Time until reception of (nth) n (t 1 + Τ) is measured, and then transmission / reception in the other direction, for example, in the reverse direction is repeated n times in a similar manner, so that time n (t from the first reverse transmission to the last reception is obtained. 2 + Τ), and nτ is subtracted from the measured value obtained by a plurality of times of transmission and reception in each direction, and the propagation time t in each direction 1 And t 2 Ultrasonic flowmeters that calculate the flow rate and the flow rate by calculating the above are also known.
[0009]
However, the magnitude of the received wave varies depending on the pressure of the gas to be measured or the individual characteristics of the transducers constituting the ultrasonic transducer. As a result, the individual threshold V TH Of course, depending on the situation, the threshold V may be set locally at each location where the flow meter is installed. TH In addition, it is necessary to adjust the amplification factor of the amplifier that amplifies the signal obtained by the transmitter / receiver on the receiving side.
[0010]
Therefore, the optimum threshold value V is automatically set. TH Several methods are being explored. One of them is to adjust the gain of the amplifier (the amplification factor) so that the peak value of the received wave always becomes a constant value by using a peak value hold circuit or an automatic gain control circuit (AGC), and target wave To threshold V TH So that the received wave is the threshold V TH It is a method to match. The other is to hold the peak value of the previous received wave and to multiply the peak value voltage by a certain value to the threshold value V TH It is a method to use as.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In these methods, an analog circuit portion with a large current consumption becomes large and the cost becomes high. In addition, it is necessary to hold a specific voltage for a certain time, or the threshold value V TH Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to reduce current consumption because it is necessary to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves different from the measurement.
[0012]
In particular, a hold circuit such as a peak value hinders low power consumption. In a gas flowmeter having a distance between a pair of transducers of about 200 mm, the propagation time t is about 0.5 ms. However, when the number of repeated transmissions / receptions (n times) is about 100 times, the nt becomes as much as 50 ms. This is because a large amount of power is consumed to hold a constant voltage for this long time.
[0013]
Therefore, the inventors of the present application have proposed an ultrasonic flowmeter in which a circuit such as a peak value hold is eliminated in order to cope with the problem of current consumption due to an analog circuit (Japanese Patent Application No. 9-138136). Proposed in This ultrasonic flowmeter is equipped with a plurality of exponential reference voltages in the received wave detection circuit, and is regarded as a wave aimed at a wave that exceeds a predetermined plurality of stages of reference voltage. There is a problem that the cost is high because it is necessary.
[0014]
In view of the above, the present invention provides an ultrasonic flowmeter that can suppress the high cost by minimizing the number of comparators required for the received wave detection unit, and can capture the targeted wave reliably with low current consumption. The purpose is to provide.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act both as a transmitting side and a receiving side, and in a fluid flow from upstream to downstream forward and downstream. An ultrasonic flowmeter that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves in the reverse direction upstream, obtains the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time in each direction, and first transmits one transducer as the transmitting side for each direction, When the received wave detector that receives the signal of the receiving side transmitter / receiver detects the received wave, the transmitting side transmitter / receiver is driven again and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time from the first transmission to the reception of multiple times, that is, multiple times of the arrival time, and obtains the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detector has two reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the voltage of one of the two reference voltages.
In the next second reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the above two reference voltages is the received wave detection point,
Suppose you capture a wave aimed at when the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is below a certain level,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
First transmission Time , The second transmission performed at the time of the first reception Time Or the third transmission performed at the second reception Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions What
The received wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
When the difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is greater than or equal to a certain value, the transmission / reception is interrupted because the target wave is not captured, and the amplification is changed after a certain time. It is an ultrasonic flowmeter that tried to send and receive again.
[0016]
[Action]
A group of received waves after amplification by one transmission gradually increase in peak from the first wave, the second wave, the third wave, the fourth wave, the fifth wave, the sixth wave, and the seventh wave. . The degree of increase of the peak voltage tends to increase and decrease gradually from the beginning. That is, when comparing the magnitudes of the peaks, on the first wave side, the third wave / first wave is gradually reduced to the fifth wave / third wave and the seventh wave / fifth wave. On the second wave side, the maximum of the fourth wave / second wave is as small as the sixth wave / fourth wave and the eighth wave / sixth wave.
[0017]
The ratio expressed as the third wave / first wave is strictly the ratio between the peak value of the third wave and the peak value of the first wave (peak of the third wave / peak of the first wave). The other ratios are similarly expressed in a simplified manner.
[0018]
It has been confirmed by experiments and the like that the above ratios hardly change even if the overall amplitude changes due to the pressure of the fluid or the like. In particular, the third wave / first wave and the fourth wave / second wave are sufficiently large as compared with other ratios, so that they can be easily distinguished.
[0019]
In addition, when a reception wave is detected, the next transmission is repeated immediately, and a plurality of ultrasonic arrival times are measured together, so that adjacent reception waves, for example, the mth reception wave and the (m + 1) th reception wave are measured. Since the speeds of the gases (fluids) are almost the same with each other, they are almost the same, not only the amplitude ratio but also the absolute size.
[0020]
For the same reason, the arrival times of adjacent transmission / reception should be almost the same as long as the same wave is captured. In other words, when the arrival times of adjacent ones are almost equal, it can be regarded as capturing the same wave.
This will be described with reference to FIG.
[0021]
If the third wave / first wave is 3 or more and the other ratio is 2 or less, the two reference voltages are set to 200 mV and 500 mV, and this reference voltage can be switched and input to one comparator. When the received wave exceeds 200 mV for the first time, the zero cross point is detected as a receiving point (reception point), and the reference voltage is switched again in the second reception again, and the zero cross point of the wave exceeding 500 mV for the first time is received. When the two arrival times are almost equal, both are the same wave, and the wave exceeds 200 mV for the first time and also exceeds 500 mV, so it is 2.5 times larger than the previous wave. It can be considered that there is. Since only the third wave satisfies this condition, it can be detected as the third wave at that time.
[0022]
In addition, when the two arrival times differ, it means that another wave has been captured, and the third wave can be detected without error by interrupting repeated transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves and changing the amplification level of the amplifier and starting over from the beginning. Is possible.
[0023]
The factors that change the magnitude of the received wave are changes in gas pressure, gas type, flow rate, and the like, and it can be said that there is almost no change in magnitude as long as they do not change. Therefore, once an amplification level that can capture the third wave is obtained, it is possible to continue using the amplification level and there is little redo. It is possible to determine success or failure by two transmissions and receptions, and it is possible to minimize waste of power consumption due to redoing.
[0024]
As described above, arrival times t1 and t2 for one transmission / reception are extremely short. Therefore, it can be considered that there is almost no difference in arrival time between consecutive transmission and reception. Therefore, once the third wave is captured, if the time from the transmission to the reception when the third wave is captured is t1, the next received wave arrives at about t1 after transmission. Therefore, the zero cross point closest to that point may be used as the received wave detection point.
[0025]
That is, the next reception point may be predicted using the arrival time of the previous transmission / reception for continuous transmission / reception. The same applies hereinafter. Once the target wave has been captured, the first time after the time after the transmission of that time has subtracted a certain amount of time (preferably about half a cycle of the ultrasonic wave) from the time from the previous transmission / reception to the reception wave detection. By using the zero cross point as the received wave detection point, the received wave that captures the third wave can continue to capture the third wave only by comparison with the zero level without comparison with the reference level.
[0026]
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, if the arrival time of a certain transmission / reception is t1m, the next reception will be the first zero cross point after the elapse of t1m-α from the transmission (performed at the same time as the previous reception). The received wave detection point. Here, α is a time of about a half cycle of the ultrasonic wave.
[0027]
In the above description of the operation, the first wave side is positive and the reference voltage level is set on the positive side to capture the third wave. However, the reference voltage level is set on the negative side and the fourth wave is captured. It is also possible to reverse the polarity of the received wave and capture the fourth wave on the positive side or the third wave on the negative side.
[0028]
The invention of claim 2 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers acting both as a transmitting side and as a receiving side, and transmits ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission and reception and obtains the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time in each direction, and first transmits one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side for each direction, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver When the received wave detection unit detects the received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and a plurality of times from the first transmission for each direction is configured. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time until reception, that is, multiple times of arrival time, and calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detector has two reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the voltage of one of the two reference voltages.
In the next second reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the above two reference voltages is the received wave detection point,
Suppose you capture a wave aimed at when the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is below a certain level,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
First transmission Time , The second transmission performed at the time of the first reception Time Or the third transmission performed at the second reception Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions What
The received wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
When the difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the next transmission to the reception is greater than or equal to a certain level, the amplification is changed so that the aimed wave is not captured, and the third transmission is changed to the first transmission. It is an ultrasonic flowmeter that I tried again as.
[0029]
Since the present invention does not interrupt the measurement until the third wave is detected as compared with the first aspect of the present invention, the measurement time required for measuring the arrival time of the ultrasonic wave is shortened, and the current consumption is reduced. it can.
[0030]
The invention of claim 3 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act both as a transmission side and a reception side, and in the fluid flow, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission and reception and obtains the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time in each direction, and first transmits one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side for each direction, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver When the received wave detection unit detects the received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and a plurality of times from the first transmission for each direction is configured. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time until reception, that is, multiple times of arrival time, and calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detection unit is provided with first to third reference voltages from the lower voltage as three reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded the second reference voltage or the third reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
In the next third reception, the second reception is the third reference voltage when the second reference voltage is applied, and when the third reference voltage is applied, the zero cross of the wave that first exceeds the voltage with respect to the second reference voltage. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value At that time, the third reception received the target wave,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
Second transmission performed at the time of the first reception Time 3rd transmission when receiving 2nd time Time, Or the 4th transmission performed at the time of the 3rd reception Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions What
The received wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is less than a certain value, or the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is constant In the above-described case, the ultrasonic flowmeter is configured such that transmission / reception is interrupted and the amplification is changed after a certain time and transmission / reception is performed again from the beginning because the target wave is not captured.
[0031]
According to the present invention, the step of confirming the presence of the first wave or the second wave is added immediately before the invention of the first aspect, and the third wave or the fourth wave can be detected more reliably. .
[0032]
If the three reference voltages are 100 mV, 200 mV, and 500 mV, the arrival time of the first 100 mV and the arrival time of the second 200 mV are different, and the second arrival time is equal to the third arrival time of 500 mV. Sometimes it can be confirmed that the second and third received waves are the third wave, and the first received wave is not the third wave, that is, the first wave.
[0033]
As in the first and second aspects of the invention, in the flowmeter that compares the received wave with only two reference voltages, when the first wave becomes large for some reason, such as when the pressure is high, the first wave is erroneously changed to the first wave. Although there was a possibility that it would be 3 waves, there is no fear of this by this method.
[0034]
The invention of claim 4 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers acting both as a transmission side and a reception side, and transmits ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from the upstream to the downstream forward direction and from the downstream to the upstream reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission and reception and obtains the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time in each direction, and first transmits one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side for each direction, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver When the received wave detection unit detects the received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and a plurality of times from the first transmission for each direction is configured. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time until reception, that is, multiple times of arrival time, and calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detection unit is provided with first to third reference voltages from the lower voltage as three reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded the second reference voltage or the third reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
In the next third reception, the second reception is the third reference voltage when the second reference voltage is applied, and when the third reference voltage is applied, the zero cross of the wave that first exceeds the voltage with respect to the second reference voltage. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value At that time, the third reception received the target wave,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
Second transmission performed at the time of the first reception Time 3rd transmission when receiving 2nd time Time, Or the 4th transmission performed at the time of the 3rd reception Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions What
The received wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, or the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is constant In the above-described case, the ultrasonic flowmeter changes the amplification degree when the target wave cannot be captured, and redoes the transmission performed at the time of reception that the target wave cannot be captured as the first transmission.
[0035]
In this invention, compared with the invention of claim 3, the measurement is not interrupted until the third wave is detected. Therefore, the measurement time required for measuring the arrival time of the ultrasonic wave is shortened, and the current consumption is reduced. Less.
[0036]
The invention of claim 5 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act both as a transmission side and a reception side, and in the fluid flow, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission and reception and obtains the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time in each direction, and first transmits one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side for each direction, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver When the received wave detection unit detects the received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and a plurality of times from the first transmission for each direction is configured. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time until reception, that is, multiple times of arrival time, and calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detector has three reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the lowest voltage or the highest voltage among the above three reference voltages is the reception wave detection point,
The next reception is the lowest reference voltage when the first reception is the highest reference voltage among the above three reference voltages, and the highest voltage when the first reception is the lowest reference voltage. The zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
If the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is less than a certain value,
After that, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the intermediate voltage,
First transmission Time , The second transmission performed at the time of the first reception Time Or the third transmission performed at the second reception Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions What
The reception wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
If the difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is greater than or equal to a certain value, transmission / reception is interrupted because the target wave is not captured, and the amplification is changed after a certain time. This is an ultrasonic flowmeter that re-transmits / receives from the beginning.
[0037]
The invention of claim 6 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers acting both as a transmitting side and a receiving side, and transmits ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from the upstream to the downstream forward direction and from the downstream to the upstream reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission and reception and obtains the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time in each direction, and first transmits one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side for each direction, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver When the received wave detection unit detects the received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and a plurality of times from the first transmission for each direction is configured. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time until reception, that is, multiple times of arrival time, and calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detector has three reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the lowest voltage or the highest voltage among the above three reference voltages is the reception wave detection point,
The next reception is the lowest reference voltage when the first reception is the highest reference voltage among the above three reference voltages, and the highest voltage when the first reception is the lowest reference voltage. The zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
If the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is less than a certain value,
After that, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the intermediate voltage,
First transmission Time , The second transmission performed at the time of the first reception Time Or the third transmission performed at the second reception Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions What
The reception wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
When the difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the next transmission to the reception is greater than or equal to a certain value, the amplification degree is changed so that the aimed wave is not captured, and the third transmission is changed to the first transmission. This is an ultrasonic flow meter that is re-transmitted as a transmission.
[0038]
The invention of claim 7 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act both as a transmission side and a reception side, and in the fluid flow, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission and reception and obtains the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time in each direction, and first transmits one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side for each direction, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver When the received wave detection unit detects the received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and a plurality of times from the first transmission for each direction is configured. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time until reception, that is, multiple times of arrival time, and calculates the arrival time from the result,
In the received wave detection unit, first to fourth reference voltages are prepared from the lower voltage as four reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded that voltage with respect to the second reference voltage or the fourth reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
The next reception of the third time is the zero crossing of the wave that first exceeds the fourth reference voltage when the second reception is the second reference voltage and the second reference voltage when the fourth reference voltage is first. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value In the case of the above, suppose that the second and third receptions were caught.
After that, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the third reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
Second transmission Time 3rd transmission when receiving 2nd time Time Or 4th transmission when receiving 3rd time Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions What
The reception wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is less than a certain value, or the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is constant In the above-described case, the ultrasonic flowmeter is configured such that transmission / reception is interrupted because the target wave is not captured, and the amplification degree is changed after a certain time and transmission / reception is performed again from the beginning.
[0039]
The invention of claim 8 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both a transmitting side and a receiving side, and ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the fluid flow from the upstream to the downstream forward direction and from the downstream to the upstream reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission and reception and obtains the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time in each direction, and first transmits one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side for each direction, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver When the received wave detection unit detects the received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and a plurality of times from the first transmission for each direction is configured. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time until reception, that is, multiple times of arrival time, and calculates the arrival time from the result,
In the received wave detection unit, first to fourth reference voltages are prepared from the lower voltage as four reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded that voltage with respect to the second reference voltage or the fourth reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
The next reception of the third time is the zero crossing of the wave that first exceeds the fourth reference voltage when the second reception is the second reference voltage and the second reference voltage when the fourth reference voltage is first. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value In the case of the above, suppose that the second and third receptions were caught.
After that, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the third reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
Second transmission Time 3rd transmission when receiving 2nd time Time Or 4th transmission when receiving 3rd time Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions What
The reception wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is less than a certain value, or the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is constant In the above-described case, the ultrasonic flowmeter changes the amplification degree when the target wave cannot be captured, and redoes the transmission performed at the time of reception that the target wave cannot be captured as the first transmission.
[0040]
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both the transmitting side and the receiving side is provided, and ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the fluid flow from the upstream to the downstream forward direction and from the downstream to the upstream reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission / reception and obtains the flow rate from the arrival time in each direction. First, in each direction, one transmitter / receiver is transmitted as the transmitting side, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver is input. When the received wave detection unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, from the first transmission to each reception for each direction. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time of and calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detector has two reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the voltage of one of the two reference voltages.
In the next second reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the above two reference voltages is the received wave detection point,
Suppose you capture a wave aimed at when the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is below a certain level,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
First transmission Time Second transmission Time Or the third transmission Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions This is an ultrasonic flow meter.
The invention of claim 10 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act both as a transmission side and a reception side, and in the fluid flow, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission / reception and obtains the flow rate from the arrival time in each direction. First, in each direction, one transmitter / receiver is transmitted as the transmitting side, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver is input. When the received wave detection unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, from the first transmission to each reception for each direction. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time of and calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detection unit is provided with first to third reference voltages from the lower voltage as three reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded the second reference voltage or the third reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
In the next third reception, the second reception is the third reference voltage when the second reference voltage is applied, and when the third reference voltage is applied, the zero cross of the wave that first exceeds the voltage with respect to the second reference voltage. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value At that time, the third reception received the target wave,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
Second transmission Time 3rd transmission Time, Or the fourth transmission Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions This is an ultrasonic flow meter.
The invention of claim 11 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers acting both as a transmission side and a reception side, and transmits ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission / reception and obtains the flow rate from the arrival time in each direction. First, in each direction, one transmitter / receiver is transmitted as the transmitting side, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver is input. When the received wave detection unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, from the first transmission to each reception for each direction. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time of and calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detector has three reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the lowest voltage or the highest voltage among the above three reference voltages is the reception wave detection point,
The next reception is the lowest reference voltage when the first reception is the highest reference voltage among the above three reference voltages, and the highest voltage when the first reception is the lowest reference voltage. The zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
If the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is less than a certain value,
After that, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the intermediate voltage,
First transmission Time Second transmission Time Or the third transmission Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions This is an ultrasonic flow meter.
The invention of claim 12 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers acting both as a transmission side and a reception side, and transmits ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission / reception and obtains the flow rate from the arrival time in each direction. First, in each direction, one transmitter / receiver is transmitted as the transmitting side, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver is input. When the received wave detection unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, from the first transmission to each reception for each direction. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the time of and calculates the arrival time from the result,
In the received wave detection unit, first to fourth reference voltages are prepared from the lower voltage as four reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded that voltage with respect to the second reference voltage or the fourth reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
The next reception of the third time is the zero crossing of the wave that first exceeds the fourth reference voltage when the second reception is the second reference voltage and the second reference voltage when the fourth reference voltage is first. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value In the case of the above, suppose that the second and third receptions were caught.
After that, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the third reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
Second transmission Time 3rd transmission Time Or the fourth transmission Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions This is an ultrasonic flow meter.
The invention of claim 13 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act both as a transmission side and a reception side, and in the fluid flow, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission / reception and obtains the flow rate from the arrival time in each direction. First, in each direction, one transmitter / receiver is transmitted as the transmitting side, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver is input. In the ultrasonic flowmeter, the received wave detector detects the received wave and repeats this multiple times, and measures multiple times of arrival time for each direction, and calculates the arrival time from the results. ,
The received wave detector has two reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the voltage of one of the two reference voltages.
In the next second reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the above two reference voltages is the received wave detection point,
Suppose you capture a wave aimed at when the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is below a certain level,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
First transmission Time Second transmission Time Or the third transmission Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions This is an ultrasonic flow meter.
The invention of claim 14 is provided with at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act both as a transmission side and a reception side, and in the fluid flow, ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the forward direction from upstream to downstream and in the reverse direction from downstream to upstream. An ultrasonic flowmeter that performs transmission / reception and obtains the flow rate from the arrival time in each direction. First, in each direction, one transmitter / receiver is transmitted as the transmitting side, and the signal of the other receiving side transmitter / receiver is input. In the ultrasonic flowmeter, the received wave detector detects the received wave and repeats this multiple times, and measures multiple times of arrival time for each direction, and calculates the arrival time from the results. ,
The received wave detector has three reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the lowest voltage or the highest voltage among the above three reference voltages is the reception wave detection point,
The next reception is the lowest reference voltage when the first reception is the highest reference voltage among the above three reference voltages, and the highest voltage when the first reception is the lowest reference voltage. The zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
If the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is less than a certain value,
After that, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the intermediate voltage,
First transmission Time Second transmission Time Or the third transmission Occasionally start time measurement for multiple receptions This is an ultrasonic flow meter.
[Operation of the Invention of Claims 5 to 8]
The steps up to the third wave are the same as the first, second, third, and fourth aspects of the invention, respectively. Taking the above-mentioned reference voltage as an example, when the third wave is captured, the first wave can be smaller than 200 mV and the third wave can be larger than 500 mV. Therefore, after that, it is possible to continue to capture the third wave by setting the received wave detection point to the zero cross point of the wave exceeding 350 mV, which is the middle between 200 mV and 500 mV, for the first time. 350 mV is a value determined in the middle (center) between 200 mV and 500 mV so that the third wave can be reliably captured even if the magnitudes of the first wave and the third wave fluctuate somewhat due to noise or the like. In the inventions according to the fifth to eighth aspects, a comparator or a subtractor constituted by a digital circuit is not necessary, and the scale of the digital circuit of the received wave detection unit can be reduced.
[0041]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples of the drawings. The embodiment shown in the block diagram of FIG. 2 corresponds to the invention of claim 2. The received wave detection unit will be described in detail in another drawing.
[0042]
In FIG. 2, the transducers 1 and 2 are ultrasonic transducers that can be used for both transmission and reception. The volume transducer transmits and receives ultrasonic waves in the fluid from upstream to downstream or from downstream to upstream. The reception wave detection unit 4 is connected to a reception-side transducer, for example, 2 and outputs a reception wave detection signal when a reception wave is detected. When the measurement ON / OFF signal from the control unit 6 changes from “High” to “Low”, the transmitter / receiver drive unit 5 first drives the transmitter / receiver, for example, 1 and then receives the received wave from the received wave detection unit. Each time a detection signal is received, the transmitter / receiver is driven. However, when the nth received wave detection signal is received from the first counter 7, the driving is stopped until the measurement ON / OFF signal is changed from "High" to "Low" after that. In this embodiment, meaningless (n + 1) th driving is performed, but there is no problem because it is ignored on the receiving side.
[0043]
The measurement ON / OFF signal from the control unit 6 is also input to the received wave detection unit 4. Measurement can be interrupted by setting the measurement ON / OFF signal to “High”. Re-measurement is performed by setting it to “Low” again.
[0044]
The first counter 7 is reset by a restart signal from the control unit 6, detects the subsequent (n + 1) th received wave detection signal, and outputs the nth received wave detection signal. The second counter 8 measures the time from the received wave detection signal to the nth received wave detection signal after the restart signal is input, and outputs the count value to the control unit 6.
[0045]
The control unit 6 switches the roles of the two transducers by inverting the transmission / reception switching signal at regular intervals. After each changeover, the measurement ON / OFF signal is changed from “High” to “Low” after a period of time during which the noise, etc. due to the changeover is reduced. At this time, a restart signal is also output with a slight delay. When the n-th received wave detection signal is input, the measurement value (count value) of the second counter 8 is read, and the flow rate flow rate between them is calculated using the measurement value in the opposite direction performed immediately before.
[0046]
FIG. 3 shows an amplifying unit 11 having a variable amplification degree which constitutes a part of the electric circuit of the received wave detecting unit 4. A signal Vin inputted from the transmitter / receiver on the receiving side in FIG. It is amplified by. By selectively connecting the feedback resistors R20 to R27 connected to the operational amplifier 12 by the analog switch 13, the amplification degree is changed. The analog switch 13 selectively closes one of the eight switches by an amplification degree selection signal from the control unit 6 applied to the lines S10, S11, and S12. In the illustrated case, since the switch in series with the feedback resistor R24 is closed, the amplification degree of the amplification unit 11 is R24 / R1. Note that the resistance values of the feedback resistors R20 to R27 are set to increase in order of R20 <R21 <R22 <. The signal Vin is amplified by the amplifying unit 11 and becomes Vout. This Vout is the amplified received wave.
[0047]
FIG. 4 shows the main part of the electric circuit of the received wave detection unit 4, which is connected to the subsequent stage of the amplification unit 11 of FIG. The received wave Vout is input to the + input of the comparator 14, and one of the two reference voltages is selectively input to the − input. This selection is based on the output of the binary counter 15 (Q1 and Q2 are outputs, Q1 = 2 0 , Q2 = 2 1 200mV is selected because it is initially reset by a restart signal. The binary counter 15 stops at the count “2” and does not count up any further.
[0048]
When the comparator 14 detects a wave exceeding 200 mV, the output Q of the RSFF 16 whose output becomes “High” once becomes “Low”, and the output of the zero cross detection comparator 17 which is the S input of the RSFF 16 is the received wave. A zero cross is detected and becomes “High” and becomes “High” again. A signal obtained by detecting the rising edge by the rising edge detector 18 is a received wave detection signal.
[0049]
This signal is the CK input of the counter 15, and the counter 15 counts it.
[0050]
The changeover switch SW1 selects a reference voltage of 200 mV when the count value of the binary counter 15 is “0” and 500 mV when it is “1”. The changeover switch SW2 is switched to the A = B side when the count value of the binary counter 15 is “2”.
[0051]
As a result, the first reception is the reception wave detection point at the zero cross point of the wave exceeding 200 mV first, the next is the reception wave detection point at the zero cross point of the wave exceeding 500 mV first, and the A = B output thereafter. It moves so that the zero-cross point after becoming “High” is the received wave detection point.
[0052]
The received wave detection signal is a latch input of the storage device 20, and stores the count value t11 of the counter 22 at this moment. Further, the reception wave detection signal is configured to reset the counter 22 via the OR gate 21 (reset after latching), and is reset when the storage device 20 stores the arrival time, and the next arrival time is measured. It has come to move.
[0053]
In the subtracter 23, the value (count stored value) stored in the storage device 20 is input as the C input, and α is input to the other. C-α (t11-α) is output to the B input of the digital comparator 19.
[0054]
When the output of the counter 22 is input to the digital comparator 19 as an A input and the input of AB becomes equal, the A = B output becomes “High”.
[0055]
When the count of the counter 22 advances and becomes equal to t11−α, the A = B output becomes “High” and the output Q of the RSFF 16 becomes “Low” and waits for the next zero cross. When the zero cross is actually performed, the output Q of the RSFF 16 becomes “High” by the output of the comparator for detecting the zero cross, and the reception wave detection signal is output again. Here, t12 is stored again. The following is the same. α is a time corresponding to about half a cycle of ultrasonic waves.
[0056]
The transmitter 24 may have a frequency that can detect the half period, and accuracy is not so required. Further, a reference clock for the second counter 8 or a frequency-divided one thereof can be used.
[0057]
The output of the storage device 20 is input to the control unit 6, and the measurement ON / OFF signal and the OR signal of the restart signal are input to the R input of the binary counter 15. The OR signal is a reset signal for the counter of the comparator.
[0058]
In this embodiment, a microcomputer is used as the control unit 6. When the microcomputer first sets the direction of transmission, the microcomputer turns the measurement ON / OFF signal from “High” to “Low” after a time when the noise at the time of switching becomes sufficiently small. At this time, a restart signal is also output with a slight delay.
[0059]
The received wave detection signal is input to the control unit 6 as an interrupt. The operation of the control unit 6 is shown in a flowchart in FIG.
[0060]
β is a count value corresponding to about a half cycle of the ultrasonic wave. In the first interrupt, ta is read and stored as the previous value (see FIG. 6).
[0061]
The next interrupt reads tb. Here, if the difference between ta and the previous value tb is larger than β, the amplification level is changed and the restart signal is output because the amplification level does not match and the target wave cannot be captured. In this case, the binary counter 15 is reset, and the selected reference voltage is returned to the initial state, that is, the low voltage reference. Therefore, the next reception is regarded as the first reception. If it is β or less, it is determined that the target wave has been captured, and this interrupt, that is, the reception wave detection signal interrupt is masked and is not permitted. I do not.
[0062]
As described above, the reception after the third time is regarded as the first zero cross point after the previous arrival time-α has elapsed from the transmission.
[0063]
The actual measurement is started at the time of reception (at the time of initial reception) when ta is read.
Since the first counter 7 counts the received wave detection signal at the actual measurement start time as 1, the (n + 1) th time corresponds to the nth. FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram when the difference between ta and tb is equal to or less than β, and corresponds to claims 1 and 2.
[0064]
In FIG. 6, the second received wave detection signal is the second received wave detection interrupt. The stored count value read here is compared with the previous value (stored as the read “previous value” at the time of the first interrupt at the time of the first reception). Mask.
[0065]
As described above, the counter 8 that counts the transmission arrival time starts counting from the received wave detection signal after the restart signal. Therefore, the start of measurement is at the first reception (at the time of the second transmission).
FIG. 7 shows a case where the amplification degree of the amplification unit 11 is initially too large, and corresponds to the case where the amplification degree is adjusted once in claim 2.
[0066]
As in FIG. 6, first, the second received wave detection signal becomes the second received wave detection interrupt. The count storage unit tb ′ read here is compared with the previous value ta ′ (stored as the read “previous value” at the time of the first interrupt at the time of the first reception), and initially the difference is larger than β. If the amplification is inappropriate and the target wave is not captured, the amplification is changed (smaller) and a restart signal is output. Next, since the reference level is returned to 200 mV and the number of interrupts is reset, the next interrupt is regarded as the first interrupt. Thus, the fourth received wave detection signal is eventually regarded as the second received wave detection interrupt.
[0067]
The count stored value read here is compared with the previous value (stored as the read “previous value” at the time of the first interrupt at the time of the first reception). Mask the error. As described above, the counter 8 that counts the transmission arrival time starts counting from the received wave detection signal after the restart signal. Therefore, in this case, the measurement is started at the time of the third reception (at the time of the fourth transmission).
[0068]
The embodiment of FIG. 8 corresponds to claim 4 and differs from that of FIG. 4 in that three reference voltages are prepared. However, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. . The counter 15A is configured to stop when the count value is “3” and not count up any further. The changeover switch SW1 selects a reference voltage of 100 mV when the count value of the counter 15A is 0, 200 mV when 1, 2 and 500 mV. The changeover switch is switched to the A = B side when the count value of the counter 15A is 3. FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the operation of the control unit of this embodiment. FIG. 10 is a waveform diagram at the time of success, and corresponds to claims 3 and 4.
[0069]
The embodiment of FIG. 11 corresponds to claim 6. It is an electric circuit diagram of the principal part of the received wave detection part of this figure. The counter 15B counts the received wave detection signal, and the changeover switch SW1 is switched according to the result. At the first reception, the count value is zero, so the reference voltage connected to the comparator is 200 mV. After the first reception, the count value is 1, so it is connected to 500 mV, and at the next reception, the count value is 2. Connected to 350 mV and maintained in that state. The arrival time of each transmission / reception is latched in the recorder every time the counter receives a count. This value is read and used by the control unit as a count storage value.
[0070]
FIG. 12 is a waveform diagram when the first try of the embodiment of FIG. 11 is successful, but also corresponds to the success of the invention of claim 5. This waveform diagram shows the success. The same wave exceeds 200mV and 500mV, and there is no wave that reaches 200mV before that. The wave is more than 2.5 times the previous wave. The operation flow of the control unit is the same as that in FIG.
[0071]
The embodiment of FIG. 13 corresponds to claim 8 and is an electric circuit diagram of the main part of the received wave detector. The change-over switch SW1 is switched to 100 mV when the count value of the counter 15A is 0, 200 mV for 1, 1 to 500 mV, 2 to 500 mV, and 3 to 350 mV. FIG. 14 is a waveform of the embodiment of FIG. 13 and shows the time of success, but also corresponds to the time of success of the invention of claim 7. The operation flow of the control unit is the same as in FIG.
[0072]
As described above, in each embodiment, the comparison with the reference voltage can be realized by one comparator, and the cost is reduced.
In the above embodiment, one comparator is used for comparison with the reference voltage, and another two comparators are used for comparison with the zero level. Since these comparisons are not simultaneous, it is also possible to perform these comparisons with a single comparator. FIG. 15 shows the waveform at that time. (The description taken up in the examples is omitted). When the voltage input to be compared with the received wave exceeds one reference level, the reference level is changed to zero level, compared with the zero level, and when a zero cross is detected, the reference level is changed to another reference level. Comparison with the level is performed, and thereafter, the level is returned to the zero level to operate as a zero cross detection comparator. Then, it is more effective in cost than the embodiment.
[0073]
【Effect of the invention】
Since the ultrasonic flowmeter of the present invention is configured as described above, an analog circuit with a large current consumption such as a peak value hold is not used in the received wave detection unit, and the number of comparators can be minimized. This contributes to lower current consumption and helps to realize a battery-driven flow meter. It also helps to reduce costs.
[0074]
Further, it is possible to respond by following the variation in the magnitude of the received wave due to the fluid pressure variation without adjustment.
[0075]
The analog circuit can be composed only of an amplifier circuit and a comparator, and it only needs to function during reception. The conventional peak value is held, and from that value, the threshold value V TH Is required to hold the peak value of the previous reception until the current reception, and the analog circuit is operated for that amount of time, so that the current consumption is large.
[0076]
Furthermore, in the present invention, even if the received wave is temporarily distorted due to noise or the like, there is no possibility of catching the wrong wave, and reliable measurement can be performed.
[0077]
In addition, a certain amount of noise can be allowed for the signal. Low voltage driving is possible, and battery driving can be realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a received waveform diagram illustrating the operation of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the entirety of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an electric circuit diagram of an amplifying unit used in a received wave detecting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an electric circuit diagram of a main part of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a signal waveform diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a signal waveform diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an electric circuit diagram of a main part of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a signal waveform diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an electric circuit diagram of a main part of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a signal waveform diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is an electric circuit diagram of a main part of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a signal waveform diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a signal waveform diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of an ultrasonic flow meter.
FIG. 17 is a signal waveform diagram for explaining the operation of a conventional ultrasonic flowmeter.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 2 transducer
4 Received wave detector
5 Transmitter drive
6 Control part
11 Amplifier

Claims (14)

送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる2つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち一方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち他方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時にねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、或いは2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するよう構成され、かつ複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時はねらった波を捉えられなかったとして送受信を中断し、一定時間後増幅度を変え最初から送受信をやり直すようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and in each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side, and receives the signal from the other receiving side transmitter / receiver as input. When the reception unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions in each direction, that is, arrival In an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures multiple times of time and calculates the arrival time from the results,
The received wave detector has two reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the voltage of one of the two reference voltages.
In the next second reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the above two reference voltages is the received wave detection point,
Suppose you capture a wave aimed at when the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is below a certain level,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
At the first transmission, at the second transmission performed at the first reception, or at the third transmission performed at the second reception, time measurement until the second reception is started ,
The received wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
When the difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is greater than or equal to a certain value, the transmission / reception is interrupted because the target wave is not captured, and the amplification is changed after a certain time. Ultrasonic flow meter that tried to send and receive again.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる2つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち一方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち他方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時にねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、或いは2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するよう構成され、かつ複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時はねらった波を捉えられなかったとして増幅度を変え、前記3回目の送信を最初の送信としてやり直すようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and in each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side, and receives the signal from the other receiving side transmitter / receiver as input. When the reception unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions in each direction, that is, arrival In an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures multiple times of time and calculates the arrival time from the results,
The received wave detector has two reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the voltage of one of the two reference voltages.
In the next second reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the above two reference voltages is the received wave detection point,
Suppose you capture a wave aimed at when the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is below a certain level,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
At the first transmission, at the second transmission performed at the first reception, or at the third transmission performed at the second reception, time measurement until the second reception is started ,
The received wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
When the difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the next transmission to the reception is greater than or equal to a certain value, the amplification is changed so that the aimed wave is not captured, and the third transmission is changed to the first transmission. As an ultrasonic flow meter to try again.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第3基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第3基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、第2の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第3基準電圧、第3基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時、前記3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時、或いは3回目の受信時に行う4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するよう構成され、かつ複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下か、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして送受信を中断し、一定時間後増幅度を変え最初からの送受信をやり直すようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and in each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side, and receives the signal from the other receiving side transmitter / receiver as input. When the reception unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions in each direction, that is, arrival In an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures multiple times of time and calculates the arrival time from the results,
The received wave detection unit is provided with first to third reference voltages from the lower voltage as three reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded the second reference voltage or the third reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
In the next third reception, the second reception is the third reference voltage when the second reference voltage is applied, and when the third reference voltage is applied, the zero cross of the wave that first exceeds the voltage with respect to the second reference voltage. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value At that time, the third reception received the target wave,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
Time measurement until the second reception is started at the second transmission performed at the first reception, at the third transmission performed at the second reception , or at the fourth transmission performed at the third reception. With
The received wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is less than a certain value, or the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is constant At the above time, an ultrasonic flowmeter that interrupts transmission / reception as if the target wave could not be captured, changes the amplification after a certain period of time, and restarts transmission / reception from the beginning.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第3基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第3基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、第2の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第3基準電圧、第3基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時、前記3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時、或いは3回目の受信時に行う4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するよう構成され、かつ複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上か、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして増幅度を変え、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとした受信時に行う送信を最初の送信としてやり直すようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and in each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side, and receives the signal from the other receiving side transmitter / receiver as input. When the reception unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions in each direction, that is, arrival In an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures multiple times of time and calculates the arrival time from the results,
The received wave detection unit is provided with first to third reference voltages from the lower voltage as three reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded the second reference voltage or the third reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
In the next third reception, the second reception is the third reference voltage when the second reference voltage is applied, and when the third reference voltage is applied, the zero cross of the wave that first exceeds the voltage with respect to the second reference voltage. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value At that time, the third reception received the target wave,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
Time measurement until the second reception is started at the second transmission performed at the first reception, at the third transmission performed at the second reception , or at the fourth transmission performed at the third reception. With
The received wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, or the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is constant At the above time, the ultrasonic flowmeter has changed the amplification degree as if the target wave could not be captured, and redoed the transmission performed at the time of reception assuming that the target wave could not be captured.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最も低い電圧或いは最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最初の受信が最も高い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も低い電圧の基準電圧、最初の受信が最も低い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、中間の電圧の基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、或いは2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するように構成され、かつ、複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして送受信を中断し、一定時間後増幅度を変えて最初から送受信をやり直すようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and in each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side, and receives the signal from the other receiving side transmitter / receiver as input. When the reception unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions in each direction, that is, arrival In an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures multiple times of time and calculates the arrival time from the results,
The received wave detector has three reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the lowest voltage or the highest voltage among the above three reference voltages is the reception wave detection point,
The next reception is the lowest reference voltage when the first reception is the highest reference voltage among the above three reference voltages, and the highest voltage when the first reception is the lowest reference voltage. The zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
If the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is less than a certain value,
After that, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the intermediate voltage,
At the first transmission, at the second transmission performed at the first reception, or at the third transmission performed at the second reception, time measurement until the second reception is started ,
The reception wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
If the difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is greater than or equal to a certain value, transmission / reception is interrupted because the target wave is not captured, and the amplification is changed after a certain time. Ultrasonic flow meter that starts sending and receiving again from the beginning.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最も低い電圧或いは最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最初の受信が最も高い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も低い電圧の基準電圧、最初の受信が最も低い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、中間の電圧の基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、最初の受信時に行う2回目の送信、或いは2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するように構成され、かつ、複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして増幅度を変え、前記3回目の送信を最初の送信としてやり直すようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and in each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side, and receives the signal from the other receiving side transmitter / receiver as input. When the reception unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions in each direction, that is, arrival In an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures multiple times of time and calculates the arrival time from the results,
The received wave detector has three reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the lowest voltage or the highest voltage among the above three reference voltages is the reception wave detection point,
The next reception is the lowest reference voltage when the first reception is the highest reference voltage among the above three reference voltages, and the highest voltage when the first reception is the lowest reference voltage. The zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
If the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is less than a certain value,
After that, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the intermediate voltage,
At the first transmission, at the second transmission performed at the first reception, or at the third transmission performed at the second reception, time measurement until the second reception is started ,
The reception wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
When the difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the next transmission to the reception is greater than or equal to a certain value, the amplification degree is changed so that the aimed wave is not captured, and the third transmission is changed to the first transmission. An ultrasonic flow meter that is redone as a transmission.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる4つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第4基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第4基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、2回目の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第4基準電圧、第4基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時は、前記2回目、3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、第3基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
2回目の送信、2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信、或いは3回目の受信時に行う4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するように構成され、かつ、複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下か、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして送受を中断し、一定時間後増幅度を変え最初から送受信をやり直すようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and in each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side, and receives the signal from the other receiving side transmitter / receiver as input. When the reception unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions in each direction, that is, arrival In an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures multiple times of time and calculates the arrival time from the results,
In the received wave detection unit, first to fourth reference voltages are prepared from the lower voltage as four reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded that voltage with respect to the second reference voltage or the fourth reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
The next reception of the third time is the zero crossing of the wave that first exceeds the fourth reference voltage when the second reception is the second reference voltage and the second reference voltage when the fourth reference voltage is first. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value In the case of the above, suppose that the second and third receptions were caught.
After that, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the third reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
At the time of the second transmission, at the time of the third transmission performed at the time of the second reception, or at the time of the fourth transmission performed at the time of the third reception, the time measurement until the second reception is started .
The reception wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is less than a certain value, or the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is constant At the above time, an ultrasonic flowmeter that interrupts transmission / reception as if the target wave could not be captured, changes the amplification after a certain time, and starts transmission / reception again from the beginning.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流速さらに流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間、つまり到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる4つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第4基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第4基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、2回目の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第4基準電圧、第4基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時は、前記2回目、3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、第3基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
2回目の送信、2回目の受信時に行う3回目の送信、或いは3回目の受信時に行う4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにしたもので、
前記受信波検知部は、入力した受信側送受波器の信号を最初に増幅するように構成され、かつ、複数の増幅度が用意されていて、
前記最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下か、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上の時は、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとして増幅度を変え、ねらった波を捉えられなかったとした受信時に行う送信を最初の送信としてやり直すようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the flow rate and flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and in each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transmitter / receiver as the transmitting side, and receives the signal from the other receiving side transmitter / receiver as input. When the reception unit detects a received wave, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is again driven and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions in each direction, that is, arrival In an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures multiple times of time and calculates the arrival time from the results,
In the received wave detection unit, first to fourth reference voltages are prepared from the lower voltage as four reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded that voltage with respect to the second reference voltage or the fourth reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
The next reception of the third time is the zero crossing of the wave that first exceeds the fourth reference voltage when the second reception is the second reference voltage and the second reference voltage when the fourth reference voltage is first. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value In the case of the above, suppose that the second and third receptions were caught.
After that, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the third reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
At the time of the second transmission, at the time of the third transmission performed at the time of the second reception, or at the time of the fourth transmission performed at the time of the third reception, the time measurement until the second reception is started .
The reception wave detection unit is configured to first amplify the input signal of the reception-side transducer, and a plurality of amplification degrees are prepared,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is less than a certain value, or the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is constant At the above time, the ultrasonic flowmeter has changed the amplification degree as if the target wave could not be captured, and redoed the transmission performed at the time of reception that the target wave could not be captured as the first transmission.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間を測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる2つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち一方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち他方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時にねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、2回目の送信、或いは3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that obtains a flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and for each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transducer as a transmission side, and receives a signal from the other reception transducer as an input. When the received wave is detected, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is driven again and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions is measured for each direction, In the ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detector has two reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the voltage of one of the two reference voltages.
In the next second reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the above two reference voltages is the received wave detection point,
Suppose you capture a wave aimed at when the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is below a certain level,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
The first transmission, when the second transmission, or third transmission at ultrasonic flowmeter so as to start the time measurement to a plurality th received.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間を測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第3基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第3基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、第2の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第3基準電圧、第3基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時、前記3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
2回目の送信、3回目の送信時、或いは4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that obtains a flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and for each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transducer as a transmission side, and receives a signal from the other reception transducer as an input. When the received wave is detected, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is driven again and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions is measured for each direction, In the ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detection unit is provided with first to third reference voltages from the lower voltage as three reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded the second reference voltage or the third reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
In the next third reception, the second reception is the third reference voltage when the second reference voltage is applied, and when the third reference voltage is applied, the zero cross of the wave that first exceeds the voltage with respect to the second reference voltage. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value At that time, the third reception received the target wave,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
During the second transmission, when the third transmission, or the fourth transmission at ultrasonic flowmeter so as to start the time measurement to a plurality th received.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間を測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最も低い電圧或いは最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最初の受信が最も高い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も低い電圧の基準電圧、最初の受信が最も低い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、中間の電圧の基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、2回目の送信、或いは3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that obtains a flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and for each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transducer as a transmission side, and receives a signal from the other reception transducer as an input. When the received wave is detected, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is driven again and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions is measured for each direction, In the ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the arrival time from the result,
The received wave detector has three reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the lowest voltage or the highest voltage among the above three reference voltages is the reception wave detection point,
The next reception is the lowest reference voltage when the first reception is the highest reference voltage among the above three reference voltages, and the highest voltage when the first reception is the lowest reference voltage. The zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
If the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is less than a certain value,
After that, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the intermediate voltage,
The first transmission, when the second transmission, or third transmission at ultrasonic flowmeter so as to start the time measurement to a plurality th received.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知すると再び送信側送受波器を駆動して送信し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に第1回目の送信から複数回目の受信までの時間を測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる4つの基準電圧として電圧の低い方より第1〜第4基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、第1基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、第2基準電圧或いは第4基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
その次の3回目の受信は、2回目の受信が、第2基準電圧の時は第4基準電圧、第4基準電圧の時は第2基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以上で、2回目の送信から受信までの時間と3回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時は、前記2回目、3回目の受信はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、第3基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
2回目の送信、3回目の送信、或いは4回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that obtains a flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and for each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transducer as a transmission side, and receives a signal from the other reception transducer as an input. When the received wave is detected, the transmitter side transmitter / receiver is driven again and transmitted, and this is repeated a plurality of times, and the time from the first transmission to the plurality of receptions is measured for each direction, In the ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates the arrival time from the result,
In the received wave detection unit, first to fourth reference voltages are prepared from the lower voltage as four reference voltages having different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
For the first reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the first reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
The next reception of the second time, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeded that voltage with respect to the second reference voltage or the fourth reference voltage as the reception wave detection point,
The next reception of the third time is the zero crossing of the wave that first exceeds the fourth reference voltage when the second reception is the second reference voltage and the second reference voltage when the fourth reference voltage is first. The point is the received wave detection point,
The difference between the time from the first transmission to the reception and the time from the second transmission to the reception is more than a certain value, and the difference between the time from the second transmission to the reception and the time from the third transmission to the reception is less than a certain value In the case of the above, suppose that the second and third receptions were caught.
After that, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the third reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
During the second transmission, when the third transmission, or the fourth transmission at ultrasonic flowmeter so as to start the time measurement to a plurality th received.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる2つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち一方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の2回目の受信は、上記2つの基準電圧のうち他方の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時にねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、前回の送信から受信検知までの時間から一定時間を減じた時間がその回の送信から経った時以降の最初のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、2回目の送信、或いは3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that obtains a flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and for each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transducer as a transmission side, and receives a signal from the other reception transducer as an input. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that detects the received wave and repeats this multiple times, measures multiple times the arrival time for each direction, and calculates the arrival time from the result.
The received wave detector has two reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the voltage of one of the two reference voltages.
In the next second reception, the zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the above two reference voltages is the received wave detection point,
Suppose you capture a wave aimed at when the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is below a certain level,
After that, the first zero cross point after the time when the fixed time is subtracted from the time from the previous transmission to the reception detection passed from the transmission of that time is the reception wave detection point,
The first transmission, when the second transmission, or third transmission at ultrasonic flowmeter so as to start the time measurement to a plurality th received.
送信側としても受信側としても働く超音波送受波器を少なくとも1対設け、流体の流れの中を上流から下流の順方向及び下流から上流の逆方向に超音波の送受信を行い、その各方向の到達時間より流量を求める超音波流量計で、かつ、各方向毎に先ず一方の送受波器を送信側として送信し、他方の受信側送受波器の信号を入力とする受信波検知部が受信波を検知し、これを複数回繰り返すように構成し、各方向毎に到達時間の複数倍をまとめて測定し、その結果から到達時間を求める超音波流量計において、
前記受信波検知部は、電圧が異なる3つの基準電圧が用意されていて、
各方向毎に繰り返す超音波の送受信において、
最初の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最も低い電圧或いは最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
次の受信は、上記3つの基準電圧のうち最初の受信が最も高い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も低い電圧の基準電圧、最初の受信が最も低い電圧の基準電圧だった時は最も高い電圧の基準電圧に対し最初にその電圧を越えた波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信から受信までの時間と、次の2回目の送信から受信までの時間の差が一定以下の時はねらった波を捉えたとし、
その後は、中間の電圧の基準電圧を最初に越える波のゼロクロスポイントを受信波検知ポイントとし、
最初の送信、2回目の送信、或いは3回目の送信時に、複数回目の受信までの時間測定を開始するようにした超音波流量計。
Provide at least one pair of ultrasonic transducers that act as both transmitter and receiver, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in the fluid flow from upstream to downstream in the forward direction and from downstream to upstream in the reverse direction. An ultrasonic flowmeter that obtains a flow rate from the arrival time of the first wave, and for each direction, firstly transmits and receives one transducer as a transmission side, and receives a signal from the other reception transducer as an input. In the ultrasonic flowmeter that detects the received wave and repeats this multiple times, measures multiple times the arrival time for each direction, and calculates the arrival time from the result.
The received wave detector has three reference voltages with different voltages,
In the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves repeated for each direction,
In the first reception, the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the lowest voltage or the highest voltage among the above three reference voltages is the reception wave detection point,
The next reception is the lowest reference voltage when the first reception is the highest reference voltage among the above three reference voltages, and the highest voltage when the first reception is the lowest reference voltage. The zero-cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage is the received wave detection point,
If the difference between the time from the first transmission to reception and the time from the second transmission to reception is less than a certain value,
After that, the received wave detection point is the zero cross point of the wave that first exceeds the reference voltage of the intermediate voltage,
The first transmission, when the second transmission, or third transmission at ultrasonic flowmeter so as to start the time measurement to a plurality th received.
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