JP5071896B2 - Method and apparatus for producing carbon fine particles - Google Patents

Description

  In particular, the present invention effectively uses methane gas generated from biomass resources including plants, livestock products, fishery products or their wastes, or filth such as food waste and livestock dung, and produces two types of combustion reactions. It is related with the manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus of carbon microparticles | fine-particles which can produce | generate carbon microparticles instantaneously.

Conventionally, as described in Patent Document 1, a method for producing carbon fine particles includes applying a voltage between a first electrode and a second electrode containing a carbon material as a main component to generate an arc discharge. And carbon fine particles were manufactured.
JP 2002-220215 A

  However, since the method for producing carbon fine particles described in Patent Document 1 generates arc discharge, there is a problem that the power consumption is large and the production cost of the carbon fine particles is high.

  The object of the present invention is to effectively utilize methane gas generated from biomass resources including filth such as plants, livestock products, fishery products or their wastes, or garbage such as garbage or livestock dung, and two types of combustion reactions. It is an object of the present invention to provide a carbon fine particle production method and production apparatus capable of instantaneously generating carbon fine particles by generating the above.

  In order to achieve the above object, the method for producing carbon fine particles of the present invention is different in the mixing ratio of hydrocarbon-based gas and oxygen-containing gas obtained by heating and fermenting biomass resources at 35-60 ° C. 2 One kind of mixed gas is produced, a complete combustion reaction is caused in one mixed gas, a high temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor is generated at 820 ° C. or more, and the other high temperature mixed gas added is added. An incomplete combustion reaction is caused by the mixed gas to instantaneously generate carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas.

  The hydrocarbon gas is preferably methane gas.

  Furthermore, the complete combustion reaction and the incomplete combustion reaction may occur in separate reaction chambers, or may occur in the same reaction chamber.

  Furthermore, the oxygen-containing gas is preferably pure oxygen or air enriched with oxygen.

  The apparatus for producing carbon fine particles of the present invention has a mixing ratio between a methane fermentation apparatus that charges biomass resources and heats at 35 to 60 ° C. to generate methane gas, and a methane gas generated by the methane fermentation apparatus and an oxygen-containing gas. A first reaction chamber for producing two different kinds of mixed gases and causing a complete combustion reaction with one of the mixed gases to generate a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher, and the generated high temperature A second reaction chamber that instantaneously generates carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas by causing an incomplete combustion reaction with the other mixed gas to which the mixed gas has been added; or A methane fermentation apparatus that generates methane gas by heating at 60 ° C., and two types of mixed gases having different mixing ratios of the methane gas and oxygen-containing gas generated by the methane fermentation apparatus. In one mixed gas, a complete combustion reaction is caused to generate a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher, and the generated mixed gas is added to the other mixed gas. It is to provide a composite reaction chamber that instantaneously generates carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas by causing an incomplete combustion reaction.

  In addition, a high-temperature heating device that heats the other mixed gas to a high temperature of 3000 ° C. or more is integrally provided at the supply port of the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber, The gas is preferably used as a raw material for the hydrogen fuel cell, and / or the carbon fine particles generated in the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber are preferably nanocarbon, carbon graphite, or carbon fullerene.

  According to this invention, in particular, methane gas generated from biomass resources containing filth such as plants, livestock products, fishery products or wastes thereof, or wastes such as garbage and feces of livestock products is effectively used, and two types of combustion reactions are performed. It has become possible to provide a carbon fine particle production method and a production apparatus capable of instantaneously generating carbon fine particles by generating the above.

An apparatus for producing fine carbon particles according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a typical manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

  The carbon fine particle production apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a biomass receiving tank 2 for storing and storing biomass resources, and charging the biomass resources from the biomass receiving tank 2, and the CN ratio of the biomass resources (atomic ratio of carbon and nitrogen). The adjustment tank 3 for adjusting the temperature, the methane fermentation apparatus 4 for generating the methane gas by heating the adjusted biomass resource at 35 to 60 ° C., the gas holder 5 for recovering the methane gas generated by the methane fermentation apparatus 4, and the gas holder Two kinds of mixed gases having different mixing ratios of methane gas recovered in 5 and oxygen-containing gas such as pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air supplied from inside the gas cylinder 6 are prepared. A first reaction chamber 7 for generating a complete combustion reaction and generating a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher, and the generated high-temperature mixed gas A second reaction chamber 8 that instantaneously generates carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas by causing an incomplete combustion reaction with the other mixed gas to which gas is added, and a gas holder 9 that recovers the generated hydrogen gas are provided. Yes.

  The reason why the CN ratio of the biomass resource is adjusted in the adjustment tank 3 is to facilitate methane fermentation in the methane fermentation apparatus 4 performed thereafter, and is appropriately arranged as necessary. In addition, when comprising CN ratio with an adjustment tank, it is suitable for the said CN ratio to be the range of 10-15: 1 by the atomic ratio of C: N.

  The reason why the biomass resource is heated at 35 to 60 ° C. in the methane fermentation apparatus 4 is that the methane bacteria are inactivated when the temperature is lower than 35 ° C., and the methane bacteria are killed when the temperature exceeds 60 ° C. In addition, in order to produce | generate methane gas more efficiently, it is preferable to heat biomass resources in 35-37 degreeC mesophilic methane-bacterium active temperature range or 55-60 degreeC high-temperature methane-bacterium active temperature range.

  One of the mixed gases introduced into the first reaction chamber 7 generates a high temperature gas of 820 ° C. or more by causing a complete combustion reaction, that is, a reaction of CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2H 2 O. The mixing ratio of oxygen is preferably 1: 2 in terms of molar ratio.

  Furthermore, in the second reaction chamber 8, the other mixed gas introduced by adding the high temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor generated in the first reaction chamber 7 is an incomplete combustion reaction, that is, 6CH 4 +7 CO 2 + O 2. → 10CO + 10H2 + 2CO2 + 2H2O + C and / or 7CH4 + 8O2 → 5CO + 5H2 + CO2 + 9H2O + C is generated to instantaneously generate carbon fine particles (C) and hydrogen gas (H2). In this case, the molar ratio is preferably 6: 1, and in the latter reaction, the molar ratio is preferably 7: 8.

  The atmosphere in the second reaction chamber 8 is preferably in the range of 0 kPa (normal pressure) to 50 kPa, 1300 to 2500 ° C., and optimally 29 kPa to 2000 ° C., in order to obtain carbon fine particles in a high yield.

FIG. 2 shows the temperature of a high-temperature mixed gas produced by a complete combustion reaction when one mixed gas introduced into the first reaction chamber 7 is produced by an incomplete combustion reaction when this high-temperature mixed gas is introduced into the second reaction chamber. It shows the relationship with the amount of production (kg) of carbon fine particles (C) per ton of input biomass resources (raw material).
From FIG. 2, it can be seen that when the temperature of the high-temperature mixed gas reaches 820 ° C. or higher, the amount of carbon fine particles generated increases rapidly.

  In the present invention, carbon fine particles are obtained instantaneously (specifically, 1/100 second to 1/500 second) from the CH 4 gas supplied into the second reaction chamber 8 by using the apparatus having the above-described configuration.

FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of another manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
The production apparatus shown in FIG. 3 is the production shown in FIG. 1 except that the methane gas used for producing the carbon fine particles is not methane gas generated by fermenting biomass resources, but methane gas recovered from the natural gas field 10 is used. Although it is the same as an apparatus and this case is also included in this invention, utilization of biomass resources, such as a waste, is preferable from the viewpoint of being able to manufacture carbon particulates at low cost, and an environmental point.

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of another manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
The manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is the same as the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 except that instead of the first reaction chamber 7 and the second reaction chamber 8, a single chamber, that is, the composite reaction chamber 11, is used. Yes, the combined reaction chamber 11 produces two types of mixed gases having different mixing ratios of the methane gas and the oxygen-containing gas generated in the methane fermentation apparatus 4 and blows one of the mixed gases to generate a complete combustion reaction region 12. To generate a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher, and blow the other mixed gas to which the generated high-temperature mixed gas is added to generate an incomplete combustion reaction region 13. Carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas can be generated instantaneously.

FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of another manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
The manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 5 has a high temperature of 3000 ° C. or higher, preferably 3000 to 5000 ° C., immediately before mixing the methane gas generated in the methane fermentation apparatus 4 with an oxygen-containing gas, for example, by a heating device 14 such as a plasma device. 4 is substantially the same as the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. As described above, the carbon fine particles generated by heating methane gas to a high temperature become hard particles, and are particularly suitable for use in materials that require wear resistance.

  5 shows a case where the heating device 14 is provided as a separate device separated from the reaction chamber, the second reaction chamber shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 or the combined reaction chamber shown in FIG. It may be provided integrally at the supply port.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, introduction of methane gas into the composite reaction chamber 11 can be provided at a plurality of locations as required.

  In addition, FIG. 5 shows a case where a cooling chamber 15 for cooling the discharged hydrogen gas and carbon fine particles is provided at the discharge port of the composite reaction chamber 11, but this cooling chamber 15 is also appropriately set as necessary. What is necessary is just to provide.

  And the hydrogen gas produced | generated in the 2nd reaction chamber 8 or the composite reaction chamber 11 can be used as a raw material of a hydrogen fuel cell, According to this, biomass resources can be used effectively.

  The carbon fine particles generated in the second reaction chamber 8 or the composite reaction chamber 11 are specifically carbon black or nanocarbon, and the carbon black can be used for tires, inks, paints, etc. Nanocarbons such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes can be used in fields such as electronics, medicine, cosmetics, and batteries.

Next, an example (in the case of FIG. 1) of the method for producing carbon fine particles according to the present invention will be described.
First, after charging biomass resources into the methane fermentation apparatus 4 and heating at 35 to 60 ° C. to generate methane gas, two kinds of mixed gases having different mixing ratios of the methane gas and the oxygen-containing gas are produced.

  Then, one mixed gas is introduce | transduced into the 1st reaction chamber 7, a complete combustion reaction is produced, and the high temperature mixed gas of 820 degreeC or more containing a carbon dioxide and water vapor | steam is produced | generated.

  Subsequently, the other mixed gas to which the generated high-temperature mixed gas is added is introduced into the second reaction chamber 8 to cause an incomplete combustion reaction, thereby generating carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas instantaneously.

  When carbon fine particles were produced using the production apparatus of the present invention (FIG. 5), 200 kg of carbon fine particles (nanocarbon powder having a particle size of 18 to 300 nm) could be produced from 1 ton of biomass resource (raw material). . Since biomass resources such as waste are used as raw materials, raw material costs are not incurred, and thus manufacturing costs are low.

  On the other hand, when carbon microparticles were manufactured using a conventional manufacturing apparatus using arc discharge, 150 kg of carbon microparticles (particle size: 18 to 300 nm nanocarbon powder) per 1 ton of petrochemical fuel. Could be manufactured. However, since a petrochemical fuel such as petroleum is used as a raw material, the raw material cost becomes expensive, and accordingly, the manufacturing cost also becomes expensive.

  The above description is merely an example of the embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims.

  According to this invention, in particular, methane gas generated from biomass resources containing filth such as plants, livestock products, fishery products or wastes thereof, or wastes such as garbage and feces of livestock products is effectively used, and two types of combustion reactions are performed. It has become possible to provide a carbon fine particle production method and a production apparatus capable of instantaneously generating carbon fine particles by generating the above.

It is a flowchart of the manufacturing apparatus of the carbon fine particle according to this invention. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the temperature of a high temperature mixed gas, and the production amount (kg) of the carbon fine particle (C) per ton of the input biomass resource (raw material). It is a flowchart of the manufacturing apparatus of the other carbon fine particle according to this invention. It is a flowchart of the manufacturing apparatus of the other carbon fine particle according to this invention. It is a flowchart of the manufacturing apparatus of the other carbon fine particle according to this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbon fine particle manufacturing apparatus 2 Biomass receiving tank 3 Adjustment tank 4 Methane fermentation apparatus 5 Gas holder 6 Gas cylinder 7 1st reaction chamber 8 2nd reaction chamber 9 Gas holder 10 Natural gas field 11 Combined reaction chamber 12 Complete combustion reaction area 13 Not Complete combustion reaction zone 14 Heating device 15 Cooling chamber

Claims (10)

Two kinds of mixed gases with different mixing ratios of hydrocarbon-based gas and oxygen-containing gas obtained by heating and fermenting biomass resources at 35-60 ° C. are produced, and complete combustion reaction is performed with one of the mixed gases. By producing a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher, and causing the incomplete combustion reaction with the other mixed gas to which the generated high-temperature mixed gas is added, carbon fine particles and hydrogen A method for producing carbon fine particles, characterized by generating gas instantaneously. The method for producing carbon fine particles according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon-based gas is methane gas. The method for producing carbon fine particles according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the complete combustion reaction and the incomplete combustion reaction are caused in separate reaction chambers. The method for producing carbon fine particles according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the complete combustion reaction and the incomplete combustion reaction are caused in the same reaction chamber. The method for producing carbon fine particles according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the oxygen-containing gas is pure oxygen or air enriched with oxygen. A methane fermentation apparatus that charges biomass resources and heats at 35 to 60 ° C. to generate methane gas, and two types of mixed gases having different mixing ratios of the methane gas and oxygen-containing gas generated by the methane fermentation apparatus are produced, A first reaction chamber that causes a complete combustion reaction with one mixed gas to generate a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher;
A second reaction chamber that instantaneously generates carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas by causing an incomplete combustion reaction with the other mixed gas to which the generated high-temperature mixed gas is added;
An apparatus for producing carbon fine particles, comprising: A methane fermentation apparatus that charges biomass resources and heats at 35 to 60 ° C. to generate methane gas;
Two kinds of mixed gases having different mixing ratios of methane gas and oxygen-containing gas generated in the methane fermentation apparatus are produced, and a complete combustion reaction is caused by one of the mixed gases to contain carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher. A combined reaction chamber that instantaneously generates carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas by generating an incomplete combustion reaction with the other mixed gas to which the generated high-temperature mixed gas is added, and
An apparatus for producing carbon fine particles, comprising: The apparatus for producing carbon fine particles according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a high-temperature heating device for heating the other mixed gas to a high temperature of 3000 ° C or higher is integrally provided at a supply port of the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber. The apparatus for producing carbon fine particles according to claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein hydrogen gas generated in the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber is used as a raw material for a hydrogen fuel cell. The apparatus for producing carbon fine particles according to claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein the carbon fine particles generated in the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber are carbon black or nanocarbon.

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