JP5069036B2 - Polarizing plate with high degree of polarization - Google Patents

Polarizing plate with high degree of polarization Download PDF

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JP5069036B2
JP5069036B2 JP2007107541A JP2007107541A JP5069036B2 JP 5069036 B2 JP5069036 B2 JP 5069036B2 JP 2007107541 A JP2007107541 A JP 2007107541A JP 2007107541 A JP2007107541 A JP 2007107541A JP 5069036 B2 JP5069036 B2 JP 5069036B2
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宏 山木
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Asahi Kasei Corp
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Description

本発明は、極めて高い偏光度を持つ偏光板に関する。   The present invention relates to a polarizing plate having an extremely high degree of polarization.

近年、液晶表示装置がテレビジョン装置に用いられてきており、かなり普及してきている。しかしながら、液晶表示装置は、コントラストが十分ではないために、暗い環境において黒表示が黒く視認されずに、グレーに視認されてしまうという問題がある。このため、放送局などの暗い環境下で用いるモニタなどには液晶表示装置は採用されていない。   In recent years, liquid crystal display devices have been used in television devices and have become quite popular. However, the liquid crystal display device has a problem in that since the contrast is not sufficient, the black display is not visually recognized as black in a dark environment but is recognized as gray. For this reason, a liquid crystal display device is not adopted for a monitor used in a dark environment such as a broadcasting station.

このように、従来の液晶表示装置においては、暗い環境における黒表示を黒く視認させるだけのコントラストが取れていないのが現状である。   As described above, in the conventional liquid crystal display device, the contrast is not so high that a black display in a dark environment is visually recognized as black.

本発明はかかる点に鑑みてなされたものであり、液晶表示装置に用いた際に、暗い環境における黒表示を黒く視認させるだけのコントラストを示す高偏光度を持つ偏光板を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of such a point, and an object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization showing a contrast that allows a black display in a dark environment to be visually recognized as black when used in a liquid crystal display device. And

本発明の高偏光度を持つ偏光板は、入射した光の透過しない偏光成分を吸収して偏光を作る吸収型偏光板と、前記吸収型偏光板上に配設され、前記入射した光の透過しない偏光成分を反射して偏光を作る反射型偏光板と、を具備し、偏光度が99.9999%以上であり、透過率が35%以上であり、反射率が30%以上であって、前記反射型偏光板は、表面にピッチが80nmから120nmである台形又は正弦波状の格子状凸部を有する基材と、前記格子状凸部の一方の側面に偏って選択積層された金属ワイヤと、前記基材と前記金属ワイヤとの間に設けられ、前記基材を構成する材料及び前記金属ワイヤを構成する金属との間の密着性が強い誘電体材料で構成された誘電体層と、を有し、前記反射型偏光板の偏光軸と前記吸収型偏光板の偏光軸とのずれが0.1度以内で接合されたことを特徴とする
The polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization according to the present invention includes an absorptive polarizing plate that absorbs a polarized light component that does not transmit incident light and produces polarized light, and is disposed on the absorbing polarizing plate and transmits the incident light. A reflective polarizing plate that reflects the polarized light component to create polarized light, the degree of polarization is 99.9999% or more, the transmittance is 35% or more, and the reflectance is 30% or more, The reflective polarizing plate includes a base material having a trapezoidal or sinusoidal lattice-shaped convex portion having a pitch of 80 nm to 120 nm on the surface, and a metal wire selectively laminated on one side surface of the lattice-shaped convex portion. A dielectric layer made of a dielectric material provided between the base material and the metal wire and having strong adhesion between the material constituting the base material and the metal constituting the metal wire; A polarizing axis of the reflective polarizing plate and the absorbing polarizing plate Deviation between polarization axes are characterized by being bonded within 0.1 degrees.

発明の高偏光度を持つ偏光板においては、前記誘電体が、珪素の酸化物、窒化物、ハロゲン化物、炭化物の単体若しくはその複合物、又はアルミニウム、クロム、イットリウム、ジルコニア、タンタル、チタン、バリウム、インジウム、錫、亜鉛、マグネシウム、カルシウム、セリウム、銅などの金属の酸化物、窒化物、ハロゲン化物、炭化物の単体若しくはそれらの複合物を含んだ誘電体材料で構成されていることが好ましい。
In the polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization according to the present invention, the dielectric layer is composed of silicon oxide, nitride, halide, carbide alone or a composite thereof, or aluminum, chromium, yttrium, zirconia, tantalum, titanium. It is made of a dielectric material containing a simple substance of a metal oxide such as barium, indium, tin, zinc, magnesium, calcium, cerium, copper, nitride, halide, carbide or a composite thereof. preferable.

本発明の液晶表示装置は、液晶パネルと、前記液晶パネルに光を照射する照明手段と、前記液晶パネルと前記照明手段との間に配置された上記高偏光度を持つ偏光板と、を具備することを特徴とする。   The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal panel, illumination means for irradiating the liquid crystal panel with light, and a polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization disposed between the liquid crystal panel and the illumination means. It is characterized by doing.

本発明の高偏光度を持つ偏光板によれば、入射した光の透過しない偏光成分を吸収して偏光を作る吸収型偏光板と、前記吸収型偏光板上に配設され、前記入射した光の透過しない偏光成分を反射して偏光を作る反射型偏光板と、を具備し、偏光度が99.9999%以上であり、透過率が35%以上であり、反射率が30%以上であって、前記反射型偏光板は、表面にピッチが80nmから120nmである台形又は正弦波状の格子状凸部を有する基材と、前記格子状凸部の一方の側面に偏って選択積層された金属ワイヤと、前記基材と前記金属ワイヤとの間に設けられ、前記基材を構成する材料及び前記金属ワイヤを構成する金属との間の密着性が強い誘電体材料で構成された誘電体層と、を有し、前記反射型偏光板の偏光軸と前記吸収型偏光板の偏光軸とのずれが0.1度以内で接合されたので、液晶表示装置に用いた際に、暗い環境における黒表示を黒く視認させるだけのコントラストを示すことが可能となり、光を有効に利用することができる。
According to the polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization of the present invention, an absorbing polarizing plate that absorbs a polarized component that does not transmit incident light and forms polarized light, and the incident light disposed on the absorbing polarizing plate. A reflective polarizing plate that reflects the non-transmitted polarized light component to produce polarized light, the degree of polarization is 99.9999% or more, the transmittance is 35% or more, and the reflectance is 30% or more. Thus, the reflective polarizing plate was selectively laminated with a substrate having a trapezoidal or sinusoidal lattice-shaped convex portion having a pitch of 80 nm to 120 nm on the surface and one side surface of the lattice-shaped convex portion. A dielectric formed of a metal wire and a dielectric material that is provided between the base material and the metal wire and has high adhesion between the material constituting the base material and the metal constituting the metal wire A polarizing axis of the reflective polarizing plate and the absorption type Since the deviation of the polarization axis of the light plate is joined within 0.1 degrees, when used in a liquid crystal display device, it is possible to indicate the contrast of only be visually recognized black black display in a dark environment, the light Can be used.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る高偏光度を持つ偏光板を示す断面図である。この偏光板は、入射した光を吸収して偏光する吸収型偏光板2と、吸収型偏光板2上に配設され、前記入射した光を反射して偏光する反射型偏光板1とから主に構成されている。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization according to an embodiment of the present invention. This polarizing plate is mainly composed of an absorbing polarizing plate 2 that absorbs incident light and polarizes it, and a reflective polarizing plate 1 that is disposed on the absorbing polarizing plate 2 and reflects and polarizes incident light. It is configured.

吸収型偏光板2は、PVA(ポリビニルアルコール)樹脂にヨウ素を加えた偏光フィルム21と、偏光フィルム21の両側に積層されたTAC(トリアセチルセルロース)樹脂の保護フィルム22,23とから構成されている。なお、本実施の形態においては、吸収型偏光板2がPVA樹脂にヨウ素を加えてなる吸収型偏光板を用いた場合について説明しているが、本発明はこれに限定されず、他の構成の吸収型偏光板を用いた場合にも適用することができる。   The absorptive polarizing plate 2 includes a polarizing film 21 obtained by adding iodine to a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) resin, and protective films 22 and 23 of TAC (triacetyl cellulose) resin laminated on both sides of the polarizing film 21. Yes. In the present embodiment, the case where the absorption-type polarizing plate 2 uses an absorption-type polarizing plate obtained by adding iodine to PVA resin is described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other configurations The present invention can also be applied to the case where an absorption type polarizing plate is used.

本発明においては、反射型偏光板1はワイヤグリッド偏光板である。図2は、本発明の実施の形態に係る高偏光度を持つ偏光板のワイヤグリッド偏光板の一部を示す断面図である。このワイヤグリッド偏光板は、表面に格子状凸部11aを有する基材11と、基材11上に設けられた誘電体層12と、誘電体層12上に立設された金属ワイヤ13とから主に構成されている。なお、誘電体層12は必ずしも設けなくても良い。   In the present invention, the reflective polarizing plate 1 is a wire grid polarizing plate. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a wire grid polarizing plate of a polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization according to the embodiment of the present invention. This wire grid polarizing plate is composed of a base material 11 having a grid-like convex portion 11 a on the surface, a dielectric layer 12 provided on the base material 11, and a metal wire 13 erected on the dielectric layer 12. It is mainly composed. The dielectric layer 12 is not necessarily provided.

基材11に用いる素材は、可視光領域で実質的に透明な素材であれば良いが、加工性に優れた樹脂であることが好ましい。例えば、ポリメタクリル酸メチル樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、シクロオレフィン樹脂(COP)、架橋ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリアリレート樹脂、ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂、変性ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリエーテルサルフォン樹脂、ポリサルフォン樹脂、ポリエーテルケトン樹脂などの非晶性熱可塑性樹脂や、ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリブチレンテレフタレート樹脂、芳香族ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂などの結晶性熱可塑性樹脂や、アクリル系、エポキシ系、ウレタン系などの紫外線硬化性樹脂や熱硬化性樹脂が挙げられる。また、基材11として、紫外線硬化性樹脂や熱硬化性樹脂と、ガラスなどの無機基板、上記熱可塑性樹脂、トリアセテート樹脂とを組み合わせた複合基材を用いても良い。   The material used for the substrate 11 may be a material that is substantially transparent in the visible light region, but is preferably a resin excellent in workability. For example, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, cycloolefin resin (COP), cross-linked polyethylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyarylate resin, polyphenylene ether resin, modified polyphenylene ether resin, polyetherimide resin, polyether Amorphous thermoplastic resins such as sulfone resin, polysulfone resin, polyether ketone resin, polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET), polyethylene naphthalate resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, aromatic polyester resin, polyacetal Examples thereof include crystalline thermoplastic resins such as resins and polyamide resins, and ultraviolet curable resins and thermosetting resins such as acrylics, epoxies, and urethanes. Moreover, as the base material 11, you may use the composite base material which combined ultraviolet curable resin and thermosetting resin, inorganic board | substrates, such as glass, the said thermoplastic resin, and a triacetate resin.

基材11の格子状凸部11aのピッチpは、可視光領域の広帯域にわたる偏光特性を考慮すると、150nm以下であり、好ましくは80nmから120nmである。ピッチpが小さくなるほど偏光特性が良くなるが、可視光に対しては80nmから120nmのピッチpで十分な偏光特性が得られる。400nm近傍の短波長光の偏光特性を重視しない場合は、ピッチpを150nm程度まで大きくしても良い。   In consideration of polarization characteristics over a wide band in the visible light region, the pitch p of the lattice-like convex portions 11a of the substrate 11 is 150 nm or less, and preferably 80 nm to 120 nm. The smaller the pitch p, the better the polarization characteristics. However, for visible light, sufficient polarization characteristics can be obtained at a pitch p of 80 to 120 nm. If the polarization characteristics of the short wavelength light in the vicinity of 400 nm are not important, the pitch p may be increased to about 150 nm.

本発明において、基材11の格子状凸部11aのピッチpと、誘電体層12のピッチと、金属ワイヤ13のピッチとは、本発明のワイヤグリッドのピッチとほぼ等しく、同じピッチをとることができる。   In the present invention, the pitch p of the lattice-like convex portions 11a of the base material 11, the pitch of the dielectric layer 12, and the pitch of the metal wires 13 are substantially equal to the pitch of the wire grid of the present invention and take the same pitch. Can do.

基材11の格子状凸部11aの断面形状に制限はない。これらの断面形状は、例えば、台形、矩形、方形、プリズム状や、半円状などの正弦波状を挙げることができる。ここで、正弦波状とは凹部と凸部の繰り返しからなる曲線部をもつことを意味する。なお、曲線部は湾曲した曲線であればよく、例えば、凸部にくびれがある形状も正弦波状に含める。また、基材11の格子状凸部11a及びその側面の少なくとも一部を誘電体が覆いやすくする観点から、前記形状の端部又は頂点、谷は緩やかな曲率をもって湾曲していることが好ましい。また、基材11と誘電体層12との密着強度を高くする観点から、これらの断面形状は正弦波状であることがより好ましい。   There is no restriction | limiting in the cross-sectional shape of the grid-like convex part 11a of the base material 11. FIG. Examples of the cross-sectional shape include a trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, a square shape, a prism shape, and a sine wave shape such as a semicircular shape. Here, the sinusoidal shape means that it has a curved portion formed by repetition of a concave portion and a convex portion. In addition, the curved part should just be a curved curve, for example, the shape which has a constriction in a convex part is also included in a sine wave form. Further, from the viewpoint of facilitating covering the lattice-shaped convex portions 11a of the base material 11 and at least a part of the side surfaces thereof with the dielectric, it is preferable that the end portion, the apex, or the valley of the shape is curved with a gentle curvature. Further, from the viewpoint of increasing the adhesion strength between the substrate 11 and the dielectric layer 12, it is more preferable that these cross-sectional shapes are sinusoidal.

基材11に格子状凸部を設ける方法としては、表面にピッチが150nm以下の格子状凸部を有する型を用いて、基材の表面に格子状凸部を転写して成型する方法が挙げられる。ここで、表面にピッチが150nm以下の格子状凸部を有する型は、電子線ビーム描画法や干渉露光法により得た、ピッチが150nm以下の格子状凸部を有するレジストパタンを、順に導電化処理、メッキ処理、基材の除去処理を施すことで作製することができる。   As a method of providing the grid-like convex portions on the substrate 11, there is a method of using a mold having a grid-like convex portion having a pitch of 150 nm or less on the surface and transferring and molding the grid-like convex portions on the surface of the substrate. It is done. Here, the mold having a grid-like convex part with a pitch of 150 nm or less on the surface is made conductive in order by a resist pattern having a grid-like convex part with a pitch of 150 nm or less, obtained by electron beam lithography or interference exposure. It can be produced by performing a treatment, a plating treatment, and a substrate removal treatment.

誘電体層12を構成する誘電体は、可視光領域で実質的に透明な誘電体であれば良い。基材11を構成する材料及び金属ワイヤ13を構成する金属との間の密着性が強い誘電体材料を好適に用いることができる。例えば、珪素(Si)の酸化物、窒化物、ハロゲン化物、炭化物の単体又はその複合物や、アルミニウム(Al)、クロム(Cr)、イットリウム(Y)、ジルコニア(Zr)、タンタル(Ta)、チタン(Ti)、バリウム(Ba)、インジウム(In)、錫(Sn)、亜鉛(Zn)、マグネシウム(Mg)、カルシウム(Ca)、セリウム(Ce)、銅(Cu)などの金属の酸化物、窒化物、ハロゲン化物、炭化物の単体又はそれらの複合物(誘電体単体に他の元素、単体又は化合物が混ざった誘電体)を用いることができる。   The dielectric constituting the dielectric layer 12 may be a dielectric that is substantially transparent in the visible light region. A dielectric material having strong adhesion between the material constituting the substrate 11 and the metal constituting the metal wire 13 can be suitably used. For example, silicon (Si) oxide, nitride, halide, carbide alone or a composite thereof, aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), yttrium (Y), zirconia (Zr), tantalum (Ta), Metal oxides such as titanium (Ti), barium (Ba), indium (In), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), copper (Cu) , Nitrides, halides, carbides or composites thereof (dielectrics in which other elements, simple substances, or compounds are mixed in a dielectric substance) can be used.

誘電体層12を、格子状凸部11aを有する基材11の格子状凸部を含んだ領域上に形成する方法としては、誘電体層12を構成する材料により適宜選択する。例えば、スパッタリング法、真空蒸着法などの物理的蒸着法を好適に用いることができる。密着強度の観点からスパッタリング法が好ましい。   The method for forming the dielectric layer 12 on the region including the lattice-shaped protrusions of the base material 11 having the lattice-shaped protrusions 11 a is appropriately selected depending on the material constituting the dielectric layer 12. For example, a physical vapor deposition method such as a sputtering method or a vacuum vapor deposition method can be suitably used. The sputtering method is preferable from the viewpoint of adhesion strength.

金属ワイヤ13を構成する金属としては、可視光領域で光の反射率が高く、誘電体層12を構成する材料との間の密着性のよいものであることが好ましい。例えば、アルミニウム(Al)や銀(Ag)又はその合金で構成されていることが好ましい。コストの観点から、Al又はAl合金で構成されていることがさらに好ましい。   The metal constituting the metal wire 13 is preferably a metal having high light reflectance in the visible light region and good adhesion to the material constituting the dielectric layer 12. For example, it is preferably made of aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), or an alloy thereof. From the viewpoint of cost, it is more preferable that it is made of Al or an Al alloy.

金属ワイヤ13を形成するために金属を基材11又は誘電体層12上に被着する方法としては、基材11又は誘電体層12を構成する材料と金属ワイヤ13とを構成する金属との間で十分な密着性が得られる方法であれば特に限定されない。例えば、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法、イオンプレーティング法などの物理的蒸着法を好適に用いることができる。中でも、金属を誘電体層12の凸部に選択的に、又は誘電体層12の凸部の一方の側面に偏って選択積層できるような方法が好ましい。そのような方法として、例えば、真空蒸着法が挙げられる。   As a method of depositing a metal on the base material 11 or the dielectric layer 12 in order to form the metal wire 13, a material constituting the base material 11 or the dielectric layer 12 and a metal constituting the metal wire 13 are used. The method is not particularly limited as long as sufficient adhesion can be obtained. For example, a physical vapor deposition method such as a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or an ion plating method can be suitably used. Among them, a method is preferable in which the metal can be selectively laminated on the convex portion of the dielectric layer 12 selectively or biased to one side surface of the convex portion of the dielectric layer 12. An example of such a method is a vacuum deposition method.

上記構成を有する高偏光度を持つ偏光板においては、吸収型偏光板上に反射型偏光板としてワイヤグリッド偏光板を有するので、ワイヤグリッド偏光板の持つ非透過軸の光の反射と高い偏光度を生かして、光の利用効率を高めながら、吸収型偏光板を組み合わせることで、透過光の偏光度を著しく高めることができ、しかも少ない構成でこれらを実現可能となる。高い偏光度は、吸収型偏光板を複数枚重ねることでも得られるが、吸収型偏光板自身の光の吸収損失が大きく、透過光量が減少してしまう。画像として十分な輝度を得るためには、高い透過率と反射率が必要で、高いコントラストを得るためには高い偏光度が必要であり、具体的な性能としては、偏光度99.9999%以上、透過率35%以上、反射率30%以上が好ましい。これらを満たすことで、高輝度、超高コントラストの画像を実現することができる。   The polarizing plate having the above-described configuration and having a high degree of polarization has a wire grid polarizing plate as a reflection type polarizing plate on the absorption type polarizing plate. By combining the absorption type polarizing plate while improving the light utilization efficiency by utilizing the above, the degree of polarization of transmitted light can be remarkably increased, and these can be realized with a small configuration. Although a high degree of polarization can be obtained by stacking a plurality of absorption polarizing plates, the absorption loss of light of the absorption polarizing plate itself is large, and the amount of transmitted light is reduced. In order to obtain sufficient luminance as an image, high transmittance and reflectance are required, and in order to obtain high contrast, a high degree of polarization is required. Specific performance is a degree of polarization of 99.9999% or more. The transmittance is preferably 35% or more and the reflectance is 30% or more. By satisfying these conditions, it is possible to realize an image with high brightness and ultra-high contrast.

次に、本発明に係る高偏光度を持つ偏光板を液晶表示装置に用いた場合について説明する。図3は、本発明の実施の形態に係る高偏光度を持つ偏光板を用いた液晶表示装置を示す図である。   Next, the case where the polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization according to the present invention is used in a liquid crystal display device will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device using a polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization according to an embodiment of the present invention.

図3に示す液晶表示装置は、光を発光するバックライトのような照明装置31と、この照明装置31上に配置された高偏光度を持つ偏光板32(ワイヤグリッド偏光板+吸収型偏光板)と、偏光板32上に配置された液晶パネル33及び偏光板34とから主に構成される。本発明に係る偏光板32は、液晶パネル33と照明装置31との間にワイヤグリッド偏光板を照明装置31側に向けて配置される。   The liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 3 includes a lighting device 31 such as a backlight that emits light, and a polarizing plate 32 (wire grid polarizing plate + absorptive polarizing plate) disposed on the lighting device 31 and having a high degree of polarization. ), And a liquid crystal panel 33 and a polarizing plate 34 disposed on the polarizing plate 32. The polarizing plate 32 according to the present invention is arranged between the liquid crystal panel 33 and the lighting device 31 with the wire grid polarizing plate facing the lighting device 31 side.

液晶パネル33は、透過型液晶パネルであり、ガラスや透明樹脂基板間に液晶材料などを挟持して構成されている。なお、図3の液晶表示装置中において、通常使用されている偏光板保護フィルム、位相差フィルム、拡散板、配向膜、透明電極、カラーフィルターなどの各種光学素子については説明を省略する。   The liquid crystal panel 33 is a transmissive liquid crystal panel, and is configured by sandwiching a liquid crystal material or the like between glass and a transparent resin substrate. In the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 3, description of various optical elements such as a polarizing plate protective film, a retardation film, a diffusion plate, an alignment film, a transparent electrode, and a color filter that are usually used is omitted.

このような構成の液晶表示装置においては、照明装置31から出射された光が高偏光度を持つ偏光板32のワイヤグリッド偏光板1側から入射し、吸収型偏光板2側から液晶パネル33を通過して外界に出射される(図中の矢印方向)。この場合において、偏光板32が可視光領域において優れた偏光度を発揮するので、極めて高いコントラストの高い表示を得ることが可能となる。また、ワイヤグリッド偏光板1を通らない光は照明装置31に向けて反射され、再利用されることで高い輝度を得ることができる。   In the liquid crystal display device having such a configuration, light emitted from the illumination device 31 enters from the wire grid polarizing plate 1 side of the polarizing plate 32 having a high degree of polarization, and the liquid crystal panel 33 is input from the absorption polarizing plate 2 side. It passes through and is emitted to the outside (in the direction of the arrow in the figure). In this case, since the polarizing plate 32 exhibits an excellent degree of polarization in the visible light region, it is possible to obtain a display with extremely high contrast. Moreover, the light which does not pass through the wire grid polarizing plate 1 is reflected toward the illuminating device 31, and high brightness can be obtained by being reused.

次に、本発明の効果を明確にするために行った実施例について説明する。
(格子状凸部を有する基材の作製)
・微細凹凸格子形状の作成
ガラス上にフォトレジストを塗布した基板に、電子線ビーム描画法を用いて、微細凹凸格子を形成した。このレジストパタンの表面と断面を、電界放出型走査型電子顕微鏡(FE−SEM)にて観察したところ、微細凹凸格子のピッチと高さがそれぞれ、115nm/130nm(ピッチ/高さ)であり、その断面形状がほぼ台形形状で、上面からの形状が縞状格子状となっており凸部の幅が45nmで谷部の幅が70nmであることが分かった。
Next, examples performed for clarifying the effects of the present invention will be described.
(Preparation of a substrate having a grid-like convex part)
-Creation of fine concavo-convex lattice shape A fine concavo-convex lattice was formed on a substrate coated with a photoresist on glass by using an electron beam drawing method. When the surface and cross section of this resist pattern were observed with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), the pitch and height of the fine concavo-convex grating were 115 nm / 130 nm (pitch / height), respectively. It was found that the cross-sectional shape was a substantially trapezoidal shape, the shape from the upper surface was a striped lattice shape, the width of the convex portion was 45 nm, and the width of the valley portion was 70 nm.

・ニッケルスタンパ作製
得られた、115nmピッチのレジストパタン表面に、導電化処理として金をスパッタリングにより30nm被覆した後、ニッケルを電気メッキし、厚さ0.3mmの微細凹凸格子を表面に有するニッケルスタンパを作製した。
Nickel stamper fabrication The obtained resist pattern surface with a 115 nm pitch was coated with 30 nm of gold as a conductive treatment by sputtering, and then electroplated with nickel, and a nickel stamper having a fine concavo-convex grating with a thickness of 0.3 mm on the surface. Was made.

・紫外線硬化性樹脂を用いた格子状凸部転写フィルムの作製
厚さ0.1mmのポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂フィルム(以下、PETフィルム)に紫外線硬化性樹脂(東洋合成株式会社製PAK01)を約0.03mm塗布し、塗布面を下にして上記115nmピッチの微細凹凸格子を表面に有するニッケルスタンパ上に、それぞれ端部からニッケルスタンパとPETフィルムとの間に空気が入らないように載せ、PETフィルム側から中心波長365nmの紫外線ランプを用いて紫外線を1000mJ/cm2照射し、ニッケルスタンパの微細凹凸格子を転写した。得られた格子状凸部転写フィルムをFE−SEMにより観察し、その断面形状がほぼ台形形状で、上面からの形状が縞状格子状となっていることを確認した。
-Production of lattice-shaped convex transfer film using ultraviolet curable resin A polyethylene terephthalate resin film (hereinafter referred to as PET film) having a thickness of 0.1 mm is coated with an ultraviolet curable resin (PAK01 manufactured by Toyo Gosei Co., Ltd.) about 0.03 mm. Apply on the nickel stamper with the 115 nm pitch fine concavo-convex grid on the surface with the coating surface down, and place it so that air does not enter between the nickel stamper and the PET film from each end, and from the PET film side Ultraviolet rays were irradiated at 1000 mJ / cm 2 using an ultraviolet lamp having a central wavelength of 365 nm, and the fine uneven lattice of the nickel stamper was transferred. The obtained lattice-like convex transfer film was observed by FE-SEM, and it was confirmed that the cross-sectional shape was substantially trapezoidal and the shape from the upper surface was a striped lattice.

(高偏光度を持つ偏光板の作製:実施例)
・スパッタリング法を用いた誘電体層の形成
上記のように紫外線硬化性樹脂を用いて作製した格子状凸部転写フィルムに、スパッタリング法を用い誘電体を被覆した。本実施例では、誘電体として窒化珪素を用いた場合について説明する。Arガス圧力0.67Pa、スパッタリングパワー4W/cm2、被覆速度0.22nm/sにて誘電体の被覆を行った。層厚み比較用サンプルとして表面が平滑なガラス基板を格子状凸部転写フィルムと同時に装置に挿入し、平滑ガラス基板への誘電体積層厚みが5nmとなるように成膜を行った。
(Preparation of polarizing plate with high degree of polarization: Examples)
Formation of Dielectric Layer Using Sputtering Method A lattice-shaped convex transfer film produced using an ultraviolet curable resin as described above was coated with a dielectric using a sputtering method. In this embodiment, a case where silicon nitride is used as a dielectric will be described. The dielectric was coated at an Ar gas pressure of 0.67 Pa, a sputtering power of 4 W / cm 2 , and a coating speed of 0.22 nm / s. As a layer thickness comparison sample, a glass substrate having a smooth surface was inserted into the apparatus simultaneously with the lattice-shaped convex transfer film, and film formation was performed so that the dielectric laminate thickness on the smooth glass substrate was 5 nm.

・真空蒸着法を用いた金属の蒸着
格子状凸部転写フィルムに誘電体層を形成した後、電子ビーム真空蒸着法(EB蒸着法)を用いて金属ワイヤを形成した。本実施例では、金属としてアルミニウム(Al)を用いた。真空度2.5×10-3Pa、蒸着速度20nm/s、基板温度は常温として蒸着を行った。層厚み比較用サンプルとして表面が平滑なガラス基板を誘電体積層格子状凸部転写フィルムと同時に装置に挿入し、平滑基板へのAl蒸着厚みが170nmとなるように蒸着を行った。なお、格子の長手方向と垂直に交わる平面内において基材面の法線と蒸着源とのなす角度θは20°とした。
-Metal deposition using vacuum deposition method After forming a dielectric layer on the lattice-shaped convex transfer film, a metal wire was formed using an electron beam vacuum deposition method (EB deposition method). In this example, aluminum (Al) was used as the metal. Deposition was performed with a degree of vacuum of 2.5 × 10 −3 Pa, a deposition rate of 20 nm / s, and a substrate temperature of room temperature. As a layer thickness comparison sample, a glass substrate having a smooth surface was inserted into the apparatus at the same time as the dielectric laminated lattice-shaped convex transfer film, and vapor deposition was performed so that the Al deposition thickness on the smooth substrate was 170 nm. Note that the angle θ formed by the normal of the substrate surface and the evaporation source in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the lattice was 20 °.

・エッチングによる不要金属の除去
格子状凸部転写フィルムに誘電体及びAlを積層した後、フィルムを室温下の0.1重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液中で、処理時間を30秒〜120秒の間において10秒間隔で変えながら洗浄(エッチング)し、すぐに水洗してエッチングを停止させた。フィルムを乾燥させてワイヤグリッド偏光板を得た。下記の偏光性能評価から、90秒エッチングをしたワイヤグリッド偏光板を選定した。
・ Elimination of unnecessary metal by etching After laminating dielectric and Al on the lattice-shaped convex transfer film, the film is treated in a 0.1 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at room temperature for a treatment time of 30 seconds to 120 seconds. In FIG. 1, the substrate was washed (etched) while changing at intervals of 10 seconds, and immediately washed with water to stop the etching. The film was dried to obtain a wire grid polarizer. From the following polarization performance evaluation, a wire grid polarizing plate etched for 90 seconds was selected.

(吸収型偏光板の張り合わせ)
得られたワイヤグリッド偏光板の基材11側に、透明な粘着剤を用いてヨウ素系吸収型偏光板を、偏光軸をあわせて張り合わせた。偏光軸のずれは0.1度以内になるようにした。
(Lamination of absorption type polarizing plate)
An iodine absorption polarizing plate was bonded to the substrate 11 side of the obtained wire grid polarizing plate with a polarizing axis using a transparent adhesive. The deviation of the polarization axis was set within 0.1 degree.

(偏光性能評価)
得られた実施例の高偏光度を持つ偏光板および張り合わせる前のワイヤグリッド偏光板、吸収型偏光板について、分光光度計を用い偏光度及び光線透過率を測定した。ここでは、直線偏光に対する平行ニコル、直交ニコル状態での透過光強度を測定し、偏光度、光線透過率は下記式より算出した。また、測定波長域は可視光として400nm〜700nmとした。
偏光度=[(Imax−Imin)/(Imax+Imin)]×100 %
光線透過率=[(Imax+Imin)/2] ×100 %
ここで、Imaxは平行ニコル時の透過光強度であり、Iminは直交ニコル時の透過光強度である。
その結果、高偏光度を持つ偏光板の偏光度は、99.99995%であり、光線透過率は、35.4%であった。また、ワイヤグリッド偏光板および吸収型偏光板単体の偏光度は、それぞれ99.91%、99.93%であり、光線透過率は、41.9%、42.1%であった。
(Evaluation of polarization performance)
About the polarizing plate with the high polarization degree of the obtained Example, the wire grid polarizing plate before bonding, and an absorption-type polarizing plate, the polarization degree and the light transmittance were measured using the spectrophotometer. Here, the transmitted light intensity in a parallel Nicols state and a crossed Nicols state with respect to linearly polarized light was measured, and the degree of polarization and the light transmittance were calculated from the following equations. The measurement wavelength range was 400 nm to 700 nm as visible light.
Polarization degree = [(Imax−Imin) / (Imax + Imin)] × 100%
Light transmittance = [(Imax + Imin) / 2] × 100%
Here, Imax is the transmitted light intensity at the time of parallel Nicols, and Imin is the transmitted light intensity at the time of crossed Nicols.
As a result, the polarization degree of the polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization was 99.99995%, and the light transmittance was 35.4%. Moreover, the polarization degree of the wire grid polarizing plate and the absorption-type polarizing plate was 99.91% and 99.93%, respectively, and the light transmittance was 41.9% and 42.1%.

(反射率評価)
得られた実施例の高偏光度を持つ偏光板について、分光光度計を用いワイヤグリッド面に入射角度8度で入光したときの反射率を測定したところ、41.3%であった。
(Reflectance evaluation)
With respect to the obtained polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization, the reflectance when measured at a light incident angle of 8 degrees on the wire grid surface using a spectrophotometer was 41.3%.

(液晶表示装置での評価)
得られた実施例の高偏光度を持つ偏光板を図3に示す偏光板32として配置し、白および黒表示における正面輝度を測定しコントラストを算出したところ、白表示における正面輝度は368cd/mで、コントラストは80000であった。
(Evaluation with liquid crystal display)
The obtained polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization was arranged as the polarizing plate 32 shown in FIG. 3, and the front luminance in white and black display was measured to calculate the contrast. The front luminance in white display was 368 cd / m. 2 and the contrast was 80000.

(比較例1)
実施例のワイヤグリッド偏光板のかわりにヨウ素系吸収型偏光板を用いて、偏光度、光線透過率を調べた。その結果、偏光度が99.99995%であり、光線透過率が35.5%であった。液晶表示装置での評価では、正面輝度は310cd/mで、コントラストは80000で、十分な輝度を発揮していなかった。
(Comparative Example 1)
The degree of polarization and light transmittance were examined using an iodine absorption polarizing plate instead of the wire grid polarizing plate of the example. As a result, the degree of polarization was 99.99995% and the light transmittance was 35.5%. In the evaluation with the liquid crystal display device, the front luminance was 310 cd / m 2 , the contrast was 80000, and sufficient luminance was not exhibited.

(比較例2)
比較例1に輝度向上フィルム(積層型反射偏光フィルム:DBEF)を貼り合せ、同様にして、偏光度、光線透過率及び反射率を調べた。その結果、偏光度が99.99997%であり、光線透過率が33.3%であり、反射率が46.7%であった。このため、この吸収型偏光板は、十分な光学性能を発揮していなかった。液晶表示装置での評価では、正面輝度は336cd/mで、コントラストは85000で、十分な輝度を発揮していなかった。
(Comparative Example 2)
A brightness enhancement film (laminated reflective polarizing film: DBEF) was bonded to Comparative Example 1, and the degree of polarization, light transmittance, and reflectance were examined in the same manner. As a result, the degree of polarization was 99.99999%, the light transmittance was 33.3%, and the reflectance was 46.7%. For this reason, this absorption-type polarizing plate did not exhibit sufficient optical performance. In the evaluation with the liquid crystal display device, the front luminance was 336 cd / m 2 , the contrast was 85000, and sufficient luminance was not exhibited.

本発明は上記実施の形態に限定されず、種々変更して実施することが可能である。例えば、上記実施の形態における寸法、材質などは例示的なものであり、適宜変更して実施することが可能である。また、上記実施の形態における偏光板については、板状の部材である必要はなく、必要に応じてシート状、フィルム状であっても良い。その他、本発明の範囲を逸脱しない限りにおいて適宜変更して実施することが可能である。   The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be implemented with various modifications. For example, the dimensions, materials, and the like in the above-described embodiment are illustrative, and can be changed as appropriate. Moreover, the polarizing plate in the said embodiment does not need to be a plate-shaped member, and may be a sheet form and a film form as needed. In addition, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

本発明に係る高偏光度を持つ偏光板は、超高コントラスト用の偏光板や高輝度用の偏光板に適用することができる。   The polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization according to the present invention can be applied to a polarizing plate for ultra-high contrast and a polarizing plate for high brightness.

本発明の実施の形態に係る高偏光度を持つ偏光板を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the polarizing plate with the high polarization degree which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る高偏光度を持つ偏光板のワイヤグリッド偏光板の一部を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows a part of wire grid polarizing plate of the polarizing plate with the high polarization degree which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る高偏光度を持つ偏光板を用いた液晶表示装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the liquid crystal display device using the polarizing plate with the high polarization degree which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 ワイヤグリッド偏光板
2 吸収型偏光板
21 PVAフィルム
22,23 TACフィルム
11 基材
11a 格子状凸部
12 誘電体層
13 金属ワイヤ
31 照明装置
32 高偏光度を持つ偏光板
33 液晶パネル
34 偏光板
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wire grid polarizing plate 2 Absorption-type polarizing plate 21 PVA film 22, 23 TAC film 11 Base material 11a Lattice-shaped convex part 12 Dielectric layer 13 Metal wire 31 Illuminating device 32 Polarizing plate 33 with high degree of polarization 33 Liquid crystal panel 34 Polarizing plate

Claims (3)

入射した光の透過しない偏光成分を吸収して偏光を作る吸収型偏光板と、前記吸収型偏光板上に配設され、前記入射した光の透過しない偏光成分を反射して偏光を作る反射型偏光板と、を具備し、偏光度が99.9999%以上であり、透過率が35%以上であり、反射率が30%以上であって、前記反射型偏光板は、表面にピッチが80nmから120nmである台形又は正弦波状の格子状凸部を有する基材と、前記格子状凸部の一方の側面に偏って選択積層された金属ワイヤと、前記基材と前記金属ワイヤとの間に設けられ、前記基材を構成する材料及び前記金属ワイヤを構成する金属との間の密着性が強い誘電体材料で構成された誘電体層と、を有し、前記反射型偏光板の偏光軸と前記吸収型偏光板の偏光軸とのずれが0.1度以内で接合されたことを特徴とする高偏光度を持つ偏光板。 Absorbing polarizing plate that absorbs polarized light components that do not transmit incident light and create polarized light, and reflective type that is disposed on the absorbing polarizing plate and reflects polarized light components that do not transmit incident light to create polarized light A polarizing plate having a degree of polarization of 99.9999% or more, a transmittance of 35% or more, and a reflectance of 30% or more, and the reflective polarizing plate has a pitch of 80 nm on the surface. A base material having a trapezoidal or sinusoidal grid-like convex portion that is 120 nm, a metal wire selectively laminated on one side surface of the grid-like convex portion, and between the base material and the metal wire And a dielectric layer made of a dielectric material having strong adhesion between the material constituting the substrate and the metal constituting the metal wire, and the polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate And the deviation of the polarization axis of the absorptive polarizing plate within 0.1 degree Polarizer with high degree of polarization, characterized in that it is engaged. 前記誘電体が、珪素の酸化物、窒化物、ハロゲン化物、炭化物の単体若しくはその複合物、又はアルミニウム、クロム、イットリウム、ジルコニア、タンタル、チタン、バリウム、インジウム、錫、亜鉛、マグネシウム、カルシウム、セリウム、銅などの金属の酸化物、窒化物、ハロゲン化物、炭化物の単体若しくはそれらの複合物を含んだ誘電体材料で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の高偏光度を持つ偏光板。 The dielectric layer is composed of silicon oxide, nitride, halide, carbide alone or a composite thereof, or aluminum, chromium, yttrium, zirconia, tantalum, titanium, barium, indium, tin, zinc, magnesium, calcium, 2. The high polarization degree according to claim 1 , wherein the high polarization degree is composed of a dielectric material containing a simple substance of oxides, nitrides, halides, carbides or composites of metals such as cerium and copper. Polarizer. 液晶パネルと、前記液晶パネルに光を照射する照明手段と、前記液晶パネルと前記照明手段との間に配置された請求項1又は請求項2記載の高偏光度を持つ偏光板と、を具備することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
A liquid crystal panel, an illuminating means for irradiating the liquid crystal panel with light, and a polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization according to claim 1 or 2 disposed between the liquid crystal panel and the illuminating means. A liquid crystal display device.
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