JP5068050B2 - Optical absolute rotary encoder - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an optical absolute rotary encoder that detects a rotational position as an absolute position.

  As an example of a conventional optical absolute rotary encoder, an optical absolute rotary encoder that detects an absolute value of a rotational position based on transmitted light from a light emitting element is used (see, for example, Patent Document 1). . As shown in FIG. 10, the rotary encoder includes a light emitting element 102, a drive circuit 101 that drives the light emitting element 102, a collimator lens 103 that collimates emitted light from the light emitting element 102, and rotational position information. A rotary disk 104 is provided which is recorded on a recording surface of a plurality of tracks as slits of a code code pattern such as a pure binary code or a gray code.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the rotating disk 104 has an optical recording surface composed of five tracks 104a to 104e. A slit representing an LSB (least significant bit) signal of rotational position information is recorded on the outermost track 104a, a slit representing an upper bit signal is recorded on the inner track, and an MSB (most significant bit) is recorded on the innermost track 104e. Bit) signal slits are recorded.

  Further, the rotary encoder is coupled to the rotation center of the rotary disk 104 and passes through a rotary shaft 105 (not shown) for transmitting a rotational force from the outside to the rotary disk 104, and slits of the tracks 104a to 104e of the rotary disk 104. Light receiving elements 106a to 106e that photoelectrically convert the transmitted light respectively and a decoder circuit 107 that detects the absolute value of the rotational position from the output signals of the light receiving elements 106a to 106e.

In this rotary encoder, the light emitted from the light emitting element 102 is collimated by the collimator lens 103 and irradiated linearly in the radial direction of the rotating disk 104. In this rotary encoder, the transmitted light that has passed through the slits of the tracks 104a to 104e of the rotating disk 104 is photoelectrically converted by the light receiving elements 106a to 106e. Absolute value is obtained.
JP-A-6-347292

  However, in the optical absolute rotary encoder described above, the light emitting element 102 and the light receiving elements 106a to 106e must be disposed on both sides of the rotating disk 104, respectively. For this reason, an electrical circuit such as a light emitting element and its driving circuit and optical system parts are arranged on one side of the rotating disk 104, and a light receiving element and its driving circuit and decoder circuit are arranged on the other side of the rotating disk 104. The electrical circuit and optical system parts are arranged. Therefore, structures such as electrical connection and optical arrangement become complicated, and it is difficult to reduce the size of the rotary encoder.

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an optical absolute rotary encoder that can accurately detect an absolute value of a rotational position with a small and simple structure.

An optical absolute rotary encoder according to the present invention is arranged on one side of an optical scale having an absolute pattern that represents one absolute value by a combination of a light transmitting portion and a light shielding portion, and the optical scale A light emitting unit that irradiates light, a light receiving unit that is disposed on the same side as the light emitting unit with respect to the optical scale, and that receives light transmitted through the light transmitting unit of the optical scale; A light guide means for guiding the light that has passed through the light section to the light receiving section, the optical scale and the light emitting section are arranged in a relationship that causes a relative rotational movement, and the center of the relative rotational movement of both the optical scale and the light emitting section is the light receiving portion is disposed on the axis, the light emitting portion and the light receiving portion are disposed on the same substrate, the light emitting portion is disposed so as to line up a plurality at different radial positions from the light receiving portion, the light guide Stage is characterized in that for all the light emitting portion in which a plurality arranged are guide capable provided simultaneously.

According to the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present invention, the absolute value of this rotational position corresponds to the rotational position of the optical scale with respect to the light receiving part, and the light transmitting part and the light shielding part of the part facing the light receiving part of the optical scale. It is expressed in a continuous combination. A plurality of light emitting units are arranged side by side at different radial positions from the light receiving unit, the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit are on the same side with respect to the optical scale, and further, the light emitting unit, the light receiving unit, its drive circuit, etc. are the same circuit board Implemented above. The light guide means simultaneously guides the light emitted from the plurality of light emitting units and passed through the light transmitting unit of the optical scale to the light receiving unit. With this configuration, the light from the plurality of light emitting units irradiates either the light transmitting part or the light shielding part of the optical scale, and the absolute value of the rotational position can be detected by the combination thereof. Therefore, the absolute value of the rotational position can be detected with high accuracy by an optical absolute rotary encoder having a small and simple structure.

  Note that the light emitting unit includes, for example, a plurality of light emitting elements (light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and the like), and the light receiving unit includes, for example, one light receiving element (such as a photodiode).

  The optical scale is, for example, a disk shape and is provided to be rotatable around the central axis. Further, the light guide means has, for example, a rotating body shape, and is arranged so that its rotation axis is common with the rotation axis of the optical scale.

  In the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present invention, the light guide means includes a first reflecting surface formed at a predetermined angle with respect to the incident light so as to totally reflect the incident light; It is preferable to include a second reflecting surface formed in a curved shape that reflects the light reflected by the first reflecting surface so as to be condensed on the light receiving unit.

  In this case, the light incident on the optical disk from the light emitting unit is totally reflected by the first reflecting surface, and the light totally reflected by the first reflecting surface is condensed on the light receiving unit by the second reflecting surface. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently guide the incident light to the light receiving unit while preventing loss of light incident from the light emitting unit.

  As a material for forming the light guide means, a material having a higher refractive index than air, such as acrylic, is used. Thereby, total reflection occurs when the incident angle is larger than a predetermined critical angle.

  In the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present invention, it is preferable that the predetermined angle of the first reflecting surface is 45 °.

  In this case, the light incident on the light guide unit from the light emitting part is totally reflected in the direction of 90 ° with respect to the incident light, so that the incident light is efficiently directed toward the rotation axis of the optical scale. It can be guided.

  In the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present invention, it is preferable that the curved surface shape of the second reflecting surface is a parabolic shape having a focal point with respect to the light receiving unit.

  In this case, the second reflecting surface has a parabolic shape, and the light incident on the second reflecting surface is reflected so as to be condensed at the focal point, so that it is totally reflected by the first reflecting surface. Light can be efficiently collected on the light receiving unit.

  In the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present invention, the light guide means may include a spherical emission surface centered on the light receiving portion for emitting the light reflected by the second reflection surface to the light receiving portion. preferable.

  In this case, the light incident on the second reflecting surface is reflected so as to be collected on the light receiving portion, and the emitting surface is formed in a spherical shape centered on the light receiving portion, so that the second reflecting surface is formed. All the light reflected by the surface is incident at an angle of 90 ° to the exit surface. Therefore, since the light reflected by the second reflecting surface is emitted from the emitting surface without being affected by the emitting surface such as refraction and reflection, the incident light can be efficiently collected on the light receiving unit. it can.

  In the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present invention, it is preferable that the light guide means includes a paraboloidal incident surface on which the light emitted from the light emitting unit is incident as parallel light.

In this case, since the incident light can be converted into parallel light on the incident surface of the light guide means, for example, when the light emitting element is an LED or the like and the output light has radiation characteristics, the output light is converted into parallel light. Therefore, the incident light can be efficiently guided to the light receiving section with a simpler structure without providing an optical system component such as a collimator lens.
In the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present invention, it is preferable that the plurality of light emitting units are driven by different drive signals.
In this case, since the plurality of light emitting units are driven by different driving signals, the light emitting units emit light in different modes depending on, for example, time. Therefore, the absolute value of the rotational position can be detected with high accuracy by processing the output signal by the decoder circuit.

[First Embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 1, the optical absolute rotary encoder of the first embodiment includes a rotating disk 4 having an absolute pattern, and a plurality of (in this embodiment, five) light emitting elements 2a that irradiate the rotating disk 4. ˜2e, one light receiving element 3 that receives light emitted from the light emitting elements 2a to 2e and passed through the rotating disk 4, and a rotating light guide disk 5 that guides light that has passed through the rotating disk 4 to the light receiving element 3. It has. The five light emitting elements 2a to 2e and the one light receiving element 3 correspond to the light emitting part and the light receiving part of the present invention, respectively. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present embodiment.

  FIG. 2 shows an end view taken along line II of the rotating disk 4 of FIG. The rotating disk (optical scale) 4 has a disk shape with a through hole formed at the center thereof, and the surface thereof is an optical recording surface. This optical recording surface is composed of a plurality (five in this embodiment) of concentric circumferential tracks (band-shaped portions having a predetermined width on which signals are recorded) 4a to 4e. Each of the five tracks 4a to 4e of the rotating disk 4 is partially formed with slits (translucent portions) through which light passes. Further, the part (light shielding part) other than the slit of the rotating disk 4 is formed so as to shield light. 1 and 2, the slit portion is indicated by hatching. Thus, the signal is recorded on the rotary disk 4 as a slit.

  An absolute pattern (also referred to as an absolute value code pattern) is formed by the slits of the five tracks 4a to 4e of the rotating disk 4. The absolute pattern is a code pattern in which a signal having a predetermined number of bits indicating one absolute value (in this embodiment, a 5-bit signal) is represented by a code code such as a pure binary code or a gray code. For example, assuming that the slit is “1” and the light shielding portion is “0”, one absolute value corresponding to the rotational position information is obtained by continuously combining the slits and the light shielding portions of the five tracks 4 a to 4 e in the radial direction of the rotating disk 4. A 5-bit signal indicating is shown. Specifically, the outermost track 4a is formed with a slit representing the LSB (least significant bit) signal of the rotational position information, and the inner track is formed with a slit representing the upper bit signal. Is formed with a slit representing an MSB (most significant bit) signal.

  All of the five light emitting elements 2 a to 2 e (for example, LEDs) and the one light receiving element 3 (for example, a photodiode) are mounted on the circuit board 1 disposed on one side of the rotating disk 4. The five light emitting elements 2a to 2e are arranged side by side in the radial direction of the rotating disk 4 so as to face the five tracks 4a to 4e, respectively. Further, the light receiving element 3 (for example, a photodiode) is disposed on the rotation axis 17 of the rotating disk 4.

  Although not shown, the optical absolute rotary encoder includes a driving circuit for driving the light emitting elements 2a to 2e, a driving circuit for driving the light receiving element 3, and the absolute position of the rotation position based on the output signal of the light receiving element 3. A decoder circuit for detecting the value is also provided. These electrical circuits are also mounted on the circuit board 1.

  The rotating light guide disk (light guiding means) 5 has a rotating body shape, and its rotation axis is the same as the rotation axis 17 of the rotating disk 4. A rotating shaft 6 that transmits a rotational force from the outside (not shown) to the rotating light guide disk 5 is connected to the center of the rotating light guide disk 5, and the rotating light guide disk 5 rotates about the rotating shaft 6 as a rotation axis. At this time, the rotating light guide disk 5 is formed, for example, directly on the later-described incident surface 12 of the rotating light guide disk 5 or formed separately and connected to the rotating light guide disk 5. And are provided so as to rotate together. The circuit board 1 is fixed. Therefore, the rotating disk 4 and the light emitting elements 2a to 2e are arranged in a relationship that causes relative rotational movement. The rotation axis 17 corresponds to the central axis of the relative rotational movement between the rotating disk 4 and the light emitting elements 2a to 2e. As a result, when the rotary disk 4 rotates, the absolute value of this rotational position is represented by a continuous combination of the slits and the light-shielding portions of the tracks 4a to 4e above the light emitting elements 2a to 2e.

  At this time, the absolute pattern of the rotational position represented by the rotary disk 4 having the slits shown in FIG. 2 is a pure binary code. Further, instead of the rotating disk 4, as shown in FIG. 3, a rotating disk 40 in which the absolute pattern of the rotation position is represented as a gray code may be used. The rotary disk 40 has an optical recording surface composed of concentric circumferential tracks 40a to 40e, like the rotary disk 4 of FIG. By the slits formed in the five tracks 40a to 40e, the absolute pattern of the rotational position is expressed as a gray code. In the table of FIG. 4, the absolute pattern (pure binary code, gray code) of the rotational position represented by each of the two types of rotary disks 4 and 40 is expressed as “1” for the slit and “0” for the light shielding portion. Signal in case. By this signal, one rotation is divided into 32 and the absolute value of the rotation position is indicated.

  The rotating light guide disk 5 has an optical light guiding structure that guides light that has passed through the slits of the tracks 4 a to 4 e of the rotating disk 4 to the light receiving element 3. In FIG. 1, slits are formed in the upper tracks 4b, 4d, 4e of the three light emitting elements 2b, 2d, 2e, respectively, and light passing through these slits is indicated by broken arrows as shown in FIG. 5 is guided to the light receiving element 3.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1, and shows the light guide structure of the rotating light guide disk 5 in detail. In FIG. 5, the light ray trajectory when the light emitted from each of the five light emitting elements 2 a to 2 e is incident on the rotating light guide disk 5 and guided is indicated by a dotted line. The rotating light guide disk 5 includes an incident surface 12 on which light emitted from the light emitting elements 2a to 2e is incident, a first reflecting surface 13 on which light incident from the incident surface 12 is reflected, and the first reflection surface 13. A second reflecting surface 14 that is reflected so that the light reflected by the reflecting surface 13 is collected on the light receiving element 3; and an emitting surface 15 from which the light reflected by the second reflecting surface 14 is emitted. It has.

  The rotating light guide disk 5 has a rotationally symmetric structure with respect to the rotation axis 17. FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the rotating light guide disk 5 as viewed obliquely from below, and FIG. 6B is a perspective view of the rotating light guide disk 5 as viewed from obliquely above. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the incident surface 12, the first reflecting surface 13, the second reflecting surface 14, and the emitting surface 15 are rotationally symmetric surfaces.

  The incident surface 12 of the rotating light guide disk 5 is disposed to face the five light emitting elements 2a to 2e with the five tracks 4a to 4e of the rotating disk 4 interposed therebetween. Light incident from the light emitting elements 2a to 2e and passing through the slits of the tracks 4a to 4e is incident on the incident surface 12, respectively. In addition, the grooves 12f to 12i are formed on the incident surface 12, and the light irradiated from the light emitting elements 2a to 2e, passing through the slits of the tracks 4a to 4e and incident on the rotating light guide disk 5 is reflected on the reflecting surface 13. Guide light efficiently toward

  The first reflecting surface 13 is formed at a predetermined angle with respect to the incident light so as to totally reflect the incident light. Specifically, it is formed at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the incident light. Thereby, the incident light is totally reflected at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the light incident on the first reflecting surface 13 and guided in the direction of the rotation axis 17.

Here, as shown in FIG. 7, from the medium M1 having a refractive index n _1, when light incident toward the medium M2 having a refractive index n _2, the incident angle of incident light relative to the normal of the boundary Assuming θ ₁ , the light incident on the medium M ₂ is refracted and incident at a refraction angle θ ₂ with respect to the normal of the boundary surface. At this time, Snell's law
n ₁ · sin θ ₁ = n ₂ · sin θ ₂ (1)
The following relational expression holds. The angle θ ₃ of the reflected light generated at the boundary surface with respect to the normal line of the boundary is θ ₃ = −θ ₁ .

As shown in FIG. 8, when light is incident on the medium M1 (refractive index n ₁ ) having a low refractive index from the medium M2 (refractive index n ₂ ) having a high refractive index (n ₂ > n ₁ ), If the angle exceeds a predetermined incident angle θ _cr , light cannot be emitted toward the medium M1 and total reflection occurs. The incident angle θ _cr where this total reflection occurs is called a critical angle, and between θ _cr, n _{1 and} n ₂
sinθ _cr = n ₁ / n ₂ (2)
The following relational expression holds. That is, at the critical angle θ _cr , the refraction angle θ _t = 90 ° from Equation (1). Note that the angle θ _{r of the} reflected light is θ _r = −θ _cr . For example, when the medium M1 is air (n ₁ = 1.0) and the medium M2 is acrylic (n ₂ = 1.49), the critical angle θ _cr is 42.2 °.

Therefore, as a material for forming the rotating light guide disk 5, for example, a material (for example, acrylic) having a refractive index larger than that of air and a critical angle θ _cr smaller than a predetermined angle (for example, 45 °) of the first reflecting surface 13 is used. ) Is used. Thereby, the incident light is totally reflected by the first reflecting surface 13 and guided in the direction of the rotation axis 17.

  Further, the second reflecting surface 14 is formed in a curved surface shape that reflects the light reflected by the first reflecting surface 13 so as to be condensed on the light receiving element 3. Specifically, it is formed in a parabolic shape having a focal point with respect to the light receiving element 3. Further, the emission surface 15 is formed in a spherical shape with the light receiving element 3 as the center. That is, all the light reflected by the second reflecting surface is incident on the emitting surface 15 at an angle of 90 °. At this time, when the light enters the medium at different angles of refraction at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the boundary surface, the light is emitted as it is at an angle of 90 ° from the equation (1). The light reflected by 14 is focused on the light receiving element 3 without being affected by the exit surface 15.

  Next, the operation of the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present embodiment will be described. First, the light emitting elements 2a to 2e are respectively driven by the drive circuit, and the light output from each of the light emitting elements 2a to 2e is applied to the tracks 4a to 4e of the rotating disk 4. At this time, the absolute value of the rotational position corresponding to the rotational position of the rotating disk 4 is represented by a continuous combination of the slits and the light shielding portions of the upper tracks 4a to 4e of the light emitting elements 2a to 2e. Then, when slits are formed in the upper tracks 4a to 4e of the light emitting elements 2a to 2e, light passes, and in the case of a light shielding portion, light is blocked.

  The light that has passed through the predetermined slits of the tracks 4 a to 4 e is incident on the incident surface 12 of the rotating light guide disk 5. The incident light is totally reflected in the direction of 90 ° with respect to the light incident by the first reflecting surface 13 and guided in the direction of the rotation axis 17. The light reflected by the first reflecting surface 13 is reflected by the second reflecting surface 14 so as to be condensed on the light receiving element 3, and the reflected light is emitted to the light receiving element 3 through the emitting surface 15. Is done. At this time, since the second reflecting surface 14 has a parabolic shape with the light receiving element 3 as a focal point, the light reflected by the second reflecting surface 14 is efficiently collected on the light receiving element 3. Further, since the exit surface 15 has a spherical shape with the light receiving element 3 as the center, all the light reflected by the second reflecting surface 14 is incident on the exit surface 15 at an angle of 90 °, such as refraction and reflection. Without being influenced by the emission surface 15, the light is emitted from the emission surface 15 and condensed on the light receiving element 3.

  The light condensed on the light receiving element 3 is received by the light receiving element 3, converted into an electric signal, and output. At this time, the received light is obtained by superimposing the light that has passed through the predetermined slits of the tracks 4a to 4e. Therefore, the absolute value of the rotational position is detected by driving the light emitting elements 2a to 2e with different driving signals, for example, time division, and processing the output signal of the light receiving element 3 by the decoder circuit.

  According to this embodiment, the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit can be mounted on the same circuit board, and the light irradiated from the light emitting unit and passed through the slit of the rotating disk is efficiently guided to the light receiving unit by the rotating light guide disk. Therefore, the absolute value of the rotational position can be detected with high accuracy by a small and simple optical absolute rotary encoder.

  In this embodiment, for example, an optical system component such as a collimator lens for irradiating each of the tracks 4a to 4e of the rotating disk 4 with the light output from each of the light emitting elements 2a to 2e as parallel light is provided. Also good. In this case, by mounting these optical system components on the circuit board 1, the optical absolute rotary encoder can be made small and simple.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the rotating disk is rotated with respect to the light emitting element via the rotating shaft connected to the rotating light guide disk, but as another embodiment, the rotating shaft is connected to the circuit board, The light emitting element may be rotated with respect to the rotating disk. In this case, since the light emitting element and the light receiving element are mounted on the same circuit board 1 together with the drive circuit and the like, the light emitting element and the light receiving element can be easily rotated.

In this embodiment, the rotating light guide disk and the rotating disk are integrally rotated. However, as another embodiment, only the rotating disk may be rotated.
[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 9A shows a cross-sectional view of the rotary light guide disk 22, the light emitting unit 21, and the light receiving unit 23 of the optical absolute rotary encoder according to the second embodiment. This embodiment is different from the optical absolute rotary encoder of the first embodiment in the shape of the incident surface 22a of the rotary light guide disk 22. In the following description, the same components as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present embodiment, a light emitting element (for example, a laser diode) that outputs parallel light is used as the plurality of light emitting elements that constitute the light emitting unit 21. The entire incident surface 22a of the rotating light guide disk 22 is formed in a planar shape. That is, on the incident surface 22a, as in the incident surface 12 (FIG. 5) of the first embodiment, grooves 12f to efficiently guide incident light from the plurality of light emitting elements 2a to 2e to the reflecting surface 13. 12i is not formed. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  FIG. 9A shows a light ray locus in a case where light emitted from the light emitting element of the light emitting unit 21 is incident on the rotating light guide disk 22 and guided. In the operation of the optical absolute rotary encoder, parallel light is irradiated from the plurality of light emitting elements of the light emitting unit 21 to the tracks 4 a to 4 e facing the rotating disk 4, respectively. The light that has passed through the slits of the tracks 4a to 4e is incident on the rotating light guide disk 22 from the incident surface 22a. Since the incident light is parallel light, it is efficiently guided to the first reflecting surface 13 without the grooves 12f to 12i as in the first embodiment. Other operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

According to the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit can be mounted on the same circuit board, and the light irradiated from the light emitting unit and passed through the slit of the rotating disk is rotated. Therefore, the absolute value of the rotational position can be detected with high accuracy by a small and simple optical absolute rotary encoder. Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, since the entire incident surface of the rotating light guide disk has a planar shape, for example, when using a light emitting element that outputs parallel light, such as a laser diode, it is incident with a simpler structure. Light can be efficiently guided to the light receiving portion.
[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of the rotating light guide disk 25, the light emitting unit 24, and the light receiving unit 26 of the optical absolute rotary encoder according to the third embodiment. This embodiment differs from the optical absolute rotary encoder of the first embodiment in the shape of the incident surface 25a of the rotary light guide disk 25. In the following description, the same components as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the optical absolute rotary encoder of the present embodiment, a light emitting element (for example, an LED) whose output light has radiation characteristics is used as the plurality of light emitting elements constituting the light emitting unit 24. The incident surface 25a of the rotating light guide disk 25 is formed in a curved surface shape (for example, a parabolic lens shape) that makes the light emitted from the light emitting element of the light emitting unit 24 parallel light. In addition, like the incident surface 12 of the first embodiment, grooves 12f to 12i for efficiently guiding incident light from the plurality of light emitting elements 2a to 2e to the reflecting surface 13 are formed on the incident surface 25a. Not. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  FIG. 9B shows a light ray locus in a case where light emitted from the light emitting element of the light emitting unit 24 is incident on the rotating light guide disk 25 and is guided by a dotted line. In the operation of the optical absolute rotary encoder, output light having radiation characteristics is irradiated from the plurality of light emitting elements of the light emitting unit 24 to the opposed tracks 4 a to 4 e of the rotating disk 4. The light that has passed through the slits of the tracks 4a to 4e is incident on the rotating light guide disk 25 from the incident surface 25a. At this time, since the incident light is converted into parallel light on the incident surface 25a, it is efficiently guided to the first reflecting surface 13 without the grooves 12f to 12i as in the first embodiment. Other operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  According to the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit can be mounted on the same circuit board, and the light irradiated from the light emitting unit and passed through the slit of the rotating disk is rotated. Therefore, the absolute value of the rotational position can be detected with high accuracy by a small and simple optical absolute rotary encoder. Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, the incident light on the incident surface of the rotating light guide disk can be converted into parallel light. For example, when the light emitting element is an LED or the like and the output light has radiation characteristics, Equipped with an optical system component such as a collimator lens for collimating the output light, or without providing a groove for efficiently guiding incident light to the reflecting surface 13 on the incident surface of the rotating light guide disk. With the structure, incident light can be efficiently guided to the light receiving unit.

Explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the optical absolute type rotary encoder in 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is an end view taken along line II of the rotating disk of the optical absolute rotary encoder of FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is an end view of another rotating disk of the optical absolute rotary encoder of FIG. 1. Explanatory drawing which shows the absolute pattern of the rotating disk of FIG.2 and FIG.3. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration of a rotating light guide disk of the optical absolute rotary encoder of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a rotating light guide disk of the optical absolute rotary encoder of FIG. 1. Explanatory drawing which shows the action | operation of the optical absolute type rotary encoder of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the action | operation of the optical absolute type rotary encoder of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the structure of other embodiment of the optical absolute type rotary encoder of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the conventional optical absolute type rotary encoder. II-II line end view of the rotary disk of the optical absolute type rotary encoder of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Circuit board, 2a-2e ... Light emitting element, 3 ... Light receiving element, 4,40 ... Rotating disk, 4a-4e, 40a-40e ... Track, 5 ... Rotating light guide disk, 6 ... Rotating shaft, 12 ... Incident surface, 12f to 12i ... groove, 13 ... first reflecting surface, 14 ... second reflecting surface, 15 ... emission surface, 17 ... rotating axis, 21 ... light emitting portion (laser diode), 22 ... rotating light guide disk, 22a ... incident 23, light receiving unit, 24 ... light emitting unit (LED), 25 ... rotating light guide disk, 25a ... incident surface, 26 ... light receiving unit,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 ... Drive circuit, 102 ... Light emitting element, 103 ... Collimator lens, 104 ... Rotating disk, 104a-104e ... Track, 105 ... Rotating shaft, 106a-106e ... Light receiving element, 107 ... Decoder circuit.

Claims (7)

An optical scale having an absolute pattern representing one absolute value in combination of a light transmitting portion and a light shielding portion;
A light emitting unit disposed on one side of the optical scale and irradiating the optical scale with light;
A light receiving portion that is disposed on the same side as the light emitting portion with respect to the optical scale and receives light transmitted through the light transmitting portion of the optical scale;
A light guide means for guiding the light irradiated from the light emitting part and passed through the light transmitting part to the light receiving part,
The optical scale and the light emitting unit are arranged in a relationship that causes a relative rotational movement, and the light receiving unit is arranged on a central axis of the relative rotational movement of both ,
The light emitting unit and the light receiving unit are disposed on the same substrate,
The light emitting unit is arranged in a plurality at different radial positions from the light receiving unit,
The optical absolute rotary encoder is characterized in that the light guiding means is provided so as to be able to simultaneously guide light to all the light emitting units arranged in a plurality .   2. The optical absolute rotary encoder according to claim 1, wherein the light guide means includes a first reflecting surface formed at a predetermined angle with respect to the incident light so as to totally reflect the incident light. An optical absolute rotary encoder comprising: a second reflecting surface formed in a curved shape that reflects the light reflected by the first reflecting surface so as to be collected on the light receiving unit.   3. The optical absolute rotary encoder according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined angle of the first reflecting surface is 45 degrees.   4. The optical absolute type rotary encoder according to claim 2, wherein the curved surface shape of the second reflecting surface is a paraboloid shape having a focal point with respect to the light receiving portion. Rotary encoder.   5. The optical absolute rotary encoder according to claim 2, wherein the light guiding means has a spherical surface centered on the light receiving portion that emits the light reflected by the second reflecting surface to the light receiving portion. An optical absolute rotary encoder characterized by comprising an emission surface having a shape.   The optical absolute rotary encoder according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the light guide means includes a paraboloidal incident surface that enters the light emitted from the light emitting portion as parallel light. Features an optical absolute rotary encoder. 7. The optical absolute rotary encoder according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of light emitting units are driven by different drive signals.

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