JP5058024B2 - DC / DC converter failure detection method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a failure detection method for a DC / DC converter, and more particularly to a failure detection method for a DC / DC converter capable of detecting a failure of a current sensor, a voltage sensor or the like provided in the DC / DC converter.

  A vehicle power system including a DC / DC converter that performs voltage conversion by so-called chopper control using a switching element is known (Patent Document 1). In the vehicle power system of Patent Document 1, the presence or absence of an abnormality in the current sensor is determined by comparing the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal and the output of the current sensor, and when it is determined that there is an abnormality, a predetermined conduction rate is obtained. The transistor (switching element) is controlled using the chopper signal (see Steps S10 and S14 of FIG. 2 of Patent Document 1 and paragraphs [0018] to [0020], [0026], and [0027]).

  Further, as a current sensor for detecting a current flowing through a vehicle power system, a sensor that outputs a voltage within a predetermined range during normal operation and outputs a voltage out of the predetermined range during abnormal operation when a disconnection or a short circuit occurs is known. (See FIG. 2, paragraph [0009] of Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-023501 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-024825

  In Patent Document 1, since the accelerator pedal depression amount is compared with the output of the current sensor, the abnormality of the current sensor cannot be determined unless the accelerator pedal depression amount is changed. Moreover, since the depression amount of the accelerator pedal and the output of the current sensor do not correspond one to one, the accuracy is not sufficient.

  The method of Patent Document 2 can be used only when a disconnection or a short circuit occurs, and a current sensor or voltage sensor gain change failure (failure in which the sensor gain falls outside the allowable range) or offset change failure (sensor detection possible) Cannot cope with the failure that the output range corresponding to the range is shifted.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of such problems, and is a DC / DC converter that can be constantly monitored, has high accuracy, and can cope with a gain change fault or an offset change fault of a current sensor or a voltage sensor. An object of the present invention is to provide a fault detection method.

  The failure detection method for a DC / DC converter according to the present invention calculates input power from the product of input current and input voltage to the DC / DC converter, and outputs from the product of output current and output voltage from the DC / DC converter. Power is calculated, an estimated loss generated in the DC / DC converter is set, a difference or ratio between the input power and the sum of the output power and the estimated loss is calculated, and this difference or ratio is stored in advance. Whether the current sensor of the DC / DC converter that measures the input current or the output current has failed based on the difference between the difference or ratio and the predetermined threshold. It is characterized by determining.

  In the present invention, the failure of the current sensor of the DC / DC converter is determined by using the difference or ratio between the input power and the sum of the output power and the estimated loss of the DC / DC converter. Ideally, since the input power is equal to the sum of the output power and the estimated loss of the DC / DC converter, the difference is always zero and the ratio is always 1: 1. Therefore, the output abnormality of the current sensor can be determined constantly and with high accuracy based on the deviation between the difference or ratio and the predetermined threshold value stored in advance. As a result, it is possible to easily detect a failure of the DC / DC converter such as a gain change failure or an offset change failure of the current sensor.

  In the above, the current duty ratio is detected, the ratio between the input voltage and the output voltage is calculated, the difference or ratio between the ratio and the duty ratio is calculated, and this difference or ratio is stored in advance as a predetermined value. Whether the voltage sensor of the DC / DC converter that measures the input voltage or the output voltage is faulty based on the difference between the second threshold value and the difference or ratio and the second threshold value. Can be determined.

  In addition, when it is determined that the current sensor has failed, it is preferable to prohibit an operation mode in which the input current or the output current is controlled using a measured value of the current sensor.

  Furthermore, the estimated loss can be set based on the input current or the output current, the input voltage, and the output voltage.

  In the present invention, the failure of the current sensor of the DC / DC converter is determined by using the difference or ratio between the input power and the sum of the output power and the estimated loss of the DC / DC converter. Ideally, since the input power is equal to the sum of the output power and the estimated loss of the DC / DC converter, the difference is always zero and the ratio is always 1: 1. Therefore, the output abnormality of the current sensor can be determined constantly and with high accuracy based on the deviation between the difference or ratio and the predetermined threshold value stored in advance. As a result, it is possible to easily detect a failure of the DC / DC converter such as a gain change failure or an offset change failure of the current sensor.

A. EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the electric power system for vehicles which can implement one Embodiment of the failure detection method of the DC / DC converter which concerns on this invention is demonstrated with reference to drawings.

1. Configuration of Vehicle Power System 20 (1) Overall Configuration FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a vehicle power system 20 that can implement a DC / DC converter failure detection method according to this embodiment. The vehicle power system 20 can be mounted on a vehicle such as a fuel cell vehicle, and is basically a hybrid power device including a fuel cell 22 and a power storage device (referred to as a battery) 24 that is an energy storage. A traveling motor 26 to which current (electric power) is supplied from the hybrid power device through the inverter 34, the primary side 1S to which the battery 24 is connected, the fuel cell 22 and the motor 26 (inverter 34), DC / DC converter apparatus {VCU (Voltage Control Unit) which performs voltage conversion with the secondary side 2S to which is connected. } 23. The rotation of the motor 26 is transmitted to the wheel 16 through the speed reducer 12 and the shaft 14.

(2) Fuel cell 22
The fuel cell 22 has, for example, a stack structure in which cells formed by sandwiching a solid polymer electrolyte membrane between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode from both sides are stacked. A hydrogen tank 28 and an air compressor 30 are connected to the fuel cell 22 by piping. Pressurized hydrogen in the hydrogen tank 28 is supplied to the anode of the fuel cell 22. Further, air is supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell 22 by the air compressor 30. A power generation current If is generated by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen (fuel gas), which is a reaction gas, and air (oxidant gas) in the fuel cell 22. The generated current If is supplied to the inverter 34 and / or the DC / DC converter 36 of the VCU 23 via a current sensor 32 and a diode (also referred to as a disconnect diode) 33.

(3) Battery 24
As the battery 24 connected to the primary side 1S, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery, a nickel hydride secondary battery, or a capacitor can be used. In this embodiment, a lithium ion secondary battery is used. The battery 24 supplies the motor current Im to the inverter 34 through the DC / DC converter 36 of the VCU 23.

(4) Inverter 34
The inverter 34 performs DC / AC conversion and supplies the motor current Im to the motor 26, while the motor current Im after AC / DC conversion accompanying the regenerative operation is transferred from the secondary side 2 </ b> S to the primary side through the DC / DC converter 36. Supply to 1S. In this case, the primary voltage V1 obtained by converting the regenerative voltage or the secondary voltage V2 that is the power generation voltage Vf of the fuel cell 22 into a low voltage by the DC / DC converter 36 charges the battery 24 as the battery current Ibat.

(5) VCU23
The VCU 23 includes a DC / DC converter 36 and a converter control unit 54 that drives and controls the DC / DC converter 36.

  The DC / DC converter 36 includes an upper arm composed of a switching element such as an IGBT between the battery 24 (first power device) and the second power device {the fuel cell 22 or the regenerative power source (inverter 34 and motor 26)}. It has a phase arm UA composed of an element 81 and a lower arm element 82. Diodes 83 and 84 are connected to the upper arm element 81 and the lower arm element 82 in opposite directions, respectively.

  When the DC / DC converter 36 converts the voltage between the primary voltage V1 and the secondary voltage V2, a reactor 90 that releases and stores energy is connected to the common connection point of the midpoint of the phase arm UA and the battery 24. Is inserted between.

  The upper arm element 81 is driven by a gate drive signal (drive voltage) UH (high level) output from the converter control unit 54, and the lower arm element 82 is driven by a gate drive signal (drive voltage) UL ( (High level).

  The converter control unit 54 controls the operation of the DC / DC converter 36. The control method will be described later. Further, converter control unit 54 has a memory 58 that stores a voltage sensor failure determination threshold value THr and a current sensor failure determination threshold value THw, which will be described later.

(6) Capacitors 38 and 39
Smoothing capacitors 38 and 39 are provided on the primary side 1S and the secondary side 2S, respectively.

(7) Various control units (FC control unit 50, motor control unit 52, converter control unit 54, overall control unit 56)
The system including the fuel cell 22, the hydrogen tank 28 and the air compressor 30 is controlled by the FC control unit 50. The system including the inverter 34 and the motor 26 is controlled by a motor control unit 52 including an inverter driving unit (not shown). As described above, the system including the DC / DC converter 36 is controlled by the converter control unit 54.

  The FC control unit 50, the motor control unit 52, and the converter control unit 54 are higher-level control units, and are controlled by the overall control unit 56 that determines values such as the total load amount Lt of the fuel cell 22.

  The overall control unit 56 determines the total load request of the vehicle power system 20 determined based on inputs (load requests) from various switches and various sensors in addition to the state of the fuel cell 22, the state of the battery 24, and the state of the motor 26. From the amount Lt, the fuel cell shared load amount (required output) Lf that the fuel cell 22 should bear, the battery shared load amount (required output) Lb that the battery 24 should bear, and the regenerative power source shared load that the regenerative power source should bear The distribution (sharing) of the amount Lr is determined while arbitrating, and a command is sent to the FC control unit 50, the motor control unit 52, and the converter control unit 54.

  The overall control unit 56, the FC control unit 50, the motor control unit 52, and the converter control unit 54 are respectively an input / output interface such as an A / D converter and a D / A converter in addition to a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and a timer. In addition, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) or the like is included as necessary.

  The overall control unit 56, the FC control unit 50, the motor control unit 52, and the converter control unit 54 are connected to each other through a communication line 70 such as a CAN (Controller Area Network) that is an in-vehicle LAN, and are connected to various switches and sensors. Input / output information is shared, and input / output information from these various switches and various sensors is input, and each CPU executes a program stored in each ROM to realize various functions.

(8) Various switches and various sensors As various switches and various sensors for detecting the vehicle state, the primary voltage V1 (which is basically equal to the battery voltage Vbat) is detected in addition to the current sensor 32 for detecting the generated current If. A voltage sensor 61 for detecting a primary current I1 and a voltage sensor 63 for detecting a secondary voltage V2 (approximately equal to the generated voltage Vf of the fuel cell 22 when the disconnect diode 33 is conductive). There are a current sensor 64 for detecting the secondary current I2, an ignition switch 65 connected to the communication line 70, an accelerator sensor 66, a brake sensor 67, a vehicle speed sensor 68, and an operation unit 55 of an auxiliary machine (not shown). . Outputs from the voltage sensors 61 and 63 and the current sensors 32, 62 and 64 are input to the converter control unit 54.

2. Various Controls / Processing (1) Basic Voltage Control in VCU 23 FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of the basic operation of the DC / DC converter 36 that is driven and controlled by the converter control unit 54.

  As described above, the overall control unit 56 determines the vehicle power system determined based on inputs (load requests) from various switches and various sensors in addition to the state of the fuel cell 22, the state of the battery 24, and the state of the motor 26. From the total load requirement amount Lt of 20, the fuel cell shared load amount (required output) Lf to be borne by the fuel cell 22, the battery shared load amount (required output) Lb to be borne by the battery 24, and the regenerative power source The distribution (sharing) of the power regenerative power sharing load amount Lr is determined while arbitrating, and a command is sent to the FC control unit 50, the motor control unit 52, and the converter control unit 54.

  In step S1, the integrated control unit 56 determines (calculates) the total load request amount Lt from the electric power request of the motor 26, the electric power request of the air compressor 30, and the electric power request of an auxiliary machine (not shown), each of which is a load request. In step S2, the overall control unit 56 determines the distribution of the fuel cell shared load amount Lf, the battery shared load amount Lb, and the regenerative power source shared load amount Lr for outputting the determined total load request amount Lt. . Here, when determining the fuel cell shared load Lf, the efficiency η (FIG. 3) of the fuel cell 22 is considered.

  Next, in step S3, the converter control unit 54 determines the power generation voltage Vf of the fuel cell 22, in this case, the secondary voltage V2, in accordance with the fuel cell shared load Lf.

  When the secondary voltage V2 is determined, in step S4, the converter control unit 54 drives and controls the DC / DC converter 36 so that the determined secondary voltage V2 is obtained. The DC / DC converter 36 performs a so-called step-up chopper operation, step-down chopper operation, and the like. As described above, the operation mode for controlling the DC / DC converter 36 so as to match the target value of the secondary voltage V2 (target secondary voltage V2tar) and the secondary voltage V detected by the voltage sensor 63 is as follows. This is referred to as “V2 control mode”.

  The secondary voltage V <b> 2 and the primary voltage V <b> 1 are controlled by the converter control unit 54 by PID control in which the DC / DC converter 36 is combined with feedforward control and feedback control.

(2) Output Control of Fuel Cell 22 Next, output control of the fuel cell 22 by the VCU 23 will be described.

  During power generation in which fuel gas from the hydrogen tank 28 and compressed air from the air compressor 30 are supplied, the power generation current If of the fuel cell 22 is referred to as the characteristic 91 {function F (Vf) shown in FIG. } Is determined by setting the secondary voltage V2, that is, the generated voltage Vf, through the DC / DC converter 36 by the converter control unit 54. That is, the generated current If is determined as a function F (Vf) value of the generated voltage Vf. If If = F (Vf) and the generated voltage Vf is set to Vf = Vfa = V2, for example, the generated current Ifa as a function value of the generated voltage Vfa (V2) is determined. {Ifa = F (Vfa) = F (V2)}.

  As described above, since the fuel cell 22 determines the generated current If by determining the secondary voltage V2 (generated voltage Vf), when driving the vehicle power system 20, the secondary voltage V2 (generated voltage) is determined. Vf) is set to the target voltage (target value).

  In the system including the fuel cell 22 such as the vehicular power system 20, the VCU 23 is basically controlled so that the secondary voltage V2 on the secondary side 2S of the DC / DC converter 36 becomes the target voltage, and this VCU 23 controls the fuel cell. 22 output (generated current If) is controlled.

(3) Exceptional control in the VCU 23 As described above, in the VCU 23, the DC / DC converter 36 is set so that the V2 control mode (the target secondary voltage V2tar and the secondary voltage V detected by the voltage sensor 63 are matched). The operation mode to be controlled is basically used. In addition to this V2 control mode, the following modes are also used.

(A) I1 control mode For example, when an overcurrent occurs on the primary side 1S, that is, the primary current I1 detected by the current sensor 62 is a threshold value indicating the occurrence of an overcurrent (overcurrent threshold THoc [A] ), The DC / DC converter 36 can be controlled so that the primary current I1 becomes equal to or less than the overcurrent threshold THoc. In this way, the target value (target primary current I1tar) of the primary current I1 is set, and the DC / DC converter 36 is configured to limit the primary current I1 detected by the current sensor 62 to the target primary current I1tar or less. The operation mode for controlling is referred to as “I1 control mode”.

(B) V1 Control Mode For example, for the purpose of controlling the battery current Ibat supplied from the battery 24, the DC / DC converter 36 can be controlled so that the secondary voltage V2 is equal to the primary voltage V1. . In this way, the target value of the primary voltage V1 (target primary voltage V1tar) is set, and the DC / DC converter 36 is set so that the primary voltage V1 detected by the voltage sensor 61 matches the target primary voltage V1tar. The operation mode to be controlled is referred to as “V1 control mode”.

(4) Switching Control of DC / DC Converter 36 (a) Outline As switching control of the DC / DC converter 36 in this embodiment, (i) the upper arm element 81 is driven in a part of each switching cycle Tsw [μs]. Step-down chopper control, (ii) step-up chopper control for driving the lower arm element 82 in a part of each switching cycle Tsw, and (iii) DC / DC converter 36 without performing either step-down chopper processing or step-up chopper processing. And (iv) stop control in which no current is supplied to the DC / DC converter 36.

(B) Synchronous switching process As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the step-down chopper control and the step-up chopper control are used in combination in each switching period Tsw. That is, in each switching cycle Tsw, the driving time of the upper arm element 81 (hereinafter also referred to as “upper arm element driving time T1”) and the driving time of the lower arm element 82 (hereinafter referred to as “lower arm element driving time T2”). Both appear, and the upper arm element 81 and the lower arm element 82 are driven alternately. As described above, the process of alternately driving the upper arm element 81 and the lower arm element 82 every switching cycle Tsw is referred to as a synchronous switching process. As the synchronous switching processing of the present embodiment, for example, the same processing as described in International Publication No. 02/093730 can be used.

  Further, a dead time for preventing the secondary voltage V2 from being short-circuited by simultaneously driving the upper arm element 81 and the lower arm element 82 between the upper arm element driving time T1 and the lower arm element driving time T2. Time dt is arranged.

  In the synchronous switching process, although the upper arm element 81 and the lower arm element 82 are alternately driven every switching period Tsw, normally only one of them is considered due to the potential difference between the primary side 1S and the secondary side 2S. Only turns on (no current flows).

  FIG. 4 shows a state where the upper arm element 81 is turned on and the lower arm element 82 is not turned on by the step-down chopper control. FIG. 5 shows a state in which the lower arm element 82 is turned on and the upper arm element 81 is not turned on by the boost chopper control. 4 and 5, in the waveforms of the drive signals UH and UL, the hatched period is the arm element to which the drive signals UH and UL are supplied (for example, the arm element corresponding to the drive signal UH is the upper arm element). 81) shows a period during which the current is on (period in which current actually flows).

  4 and 5 show time charts of the primary current I1 during the step-down operation of the VCU 23. FIG. 4 and 5, the sign of the primary current I1 flowing through the reactor 90 is a boost current flowing from the primary side 1S to the secondary side 2S (current flowing out from the secondary side 2S of the DC / DC converter 23 to the inverter 34). ) Is positive (+), and the step-down current flowing from the secondary side 2S to the primary side 1S (current flowing from the fuel cell 22 or the inverter 34 to the secondary side 2S) is negative (−).

  In the present embodiment, the ratio of the upper arm element driving time T1 in one switching cycle Tsw is defined as the duty ratio DUT (DUT = T1 / Tsw). Here, the duty ratio DUT in the V2 control mode can be defined as a value obtained by dividing the primary voltage V1 detected by the voltage sensor 61 by the target secondary voltage V2tar (V1 / V2tar) (DUT = V1 / V2tar). In general, since the proportion of the dead time dt in the switching cycle Tsw is small, the proportion of the lower arm element driving time T2 in one switching cycle Tsw is “1-DUT” and “1- (V1 / V2tar). ) ".

(5) Failure determination of voltage sensors 61, 63 and current sensors 62, 64 FIG. 6 shows a flowchart for determining failure of the DC / DC converter 36 (voltage sensors 61, 63 and current sensors 62, 64). Yes.

  In step S <b> 11, converter control unit 54 determines whether or not a failure has occurred in voltage sensors 61 and 63. Specifically, the determination is made based on the flowchart shown in FIG. Note that the flowchart of FIG. 7 is based on step-down chopper control.

  In step S111, converter control unit 54 checks the current duty ratio DUT. The current duty ratio DUT is calculated based on the power generation voltage Vf (secondary voltage V2) of the fuel cell 22 determined according to the fuel cell shared load amount Lf notified from the overall control unit 56.

  In step S112, converter control unit 54 calculates a value Rv (= Vout / Vin = V1 / V2) of the ratio of input voltage Vin (secondary voltage V2) to output voltage Vout (primary voltage V1). Here, as described above, the duty ratio DUT in the V2 control mode can be defined as the primary voltage V1 detected by the voltage sensor 61 divided by the target secondary voltage V2tar (V1 / V2tar) (DUT = V1). / V2tar). Further, it is expected that the target secondary voltage V2tar and the secondary voltage V2 detected by the voltage sensor 63 are substantially equal. For this reason, the duty ratio DUT and the primary voltage V1 detected by the voltage sensor 61 divided by the secondary voltage V2 detected by the voltage sensor 63 (V1 / V2), that is, the ratio value Rv is substantially equal. (DUT≈Rv).

  In subsequent step S113, converter control unit 54 calculates difference Dr (= Rv−DUT) between ratio value Rv and duty ratio DUT. As described above, theoretically, since the ratio value Rv and the duty ratio DUT are substantially equal, the difference Dr should be zero or a value very close to zero.

  In step S114, converter control unit 54 compares difference Dr with voltage sensor failure determination threshold value THr (hereinafter also referred to as “failure determination threshold value THr”) stored in memory 58. The failure determination threshold value THr is a positive real number for determining failure of the voltage sensors 61 and 63. As described above, theoretically, the difference Dr is zero or a value very close to zero. Therefore, if the difference Dr is a value away from zero, at least one of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 has failed. It can be judged. For this reason, a value that cannot be obtained when the voltage sensors 61 and 63 are operating normally is set as the failure determination threshold value THr, and the difference Dr and the failure determination threshold value THr are compared to compare the voltage sensors 61 and 63. A failure can be determined. The failure determination threshold value THr is determined based on, for example, failure detection accuracy, allowable error, and possibility of erroneous determination. Generally, when the failure determination threshold value THr is reduced, the failure detection accuracy is increased and the allowable error is reduced, but the possibility of erroneous determination is increased. If the failure determination threshold value THr is increased, the failure detection accuracy decreases and the tolerance increases, but the possibility of erroneous determination decreases.

  In step S115, when the absolute value of difference Dr is less than the absolute value of failure determination threshold value THr (S115: No), in step S116, converter control unit 54 has both voltage sensors 61 and 63 normal ( It is determined that the output is normal. When the absolute value of the difference Dr is equal to or greater than the absolute value of the failure determination threshold THr (S115: Yes), in step S117, the converter control unit 54 has one of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 failed (the output is abnormal). Is determined).

  Returning to FIG. 6, in step S <b> 12, converter control unit 54 determines whether or not voltage sensors 61 and 63 are out of order based on the determination result in step S <b> 11. When at least one of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 has failed (S12: Yes), in step S13, the converter control unit 54 prohibits the V2 control mode and the V1 control mode, and the DC / DC converter 36 in the I1 control mode. To work. In addition, a signal (voltage sensor failure signal Svor) indicating that at least one of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 has failed is transmitted to the overall control unit 56. The overall control unit 56 that has received the voltage sensor failure signal Svor performs control on the premise of the I1 control mode and displays on a display device (not shown) that at least one of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 has failed. It is also possible to provide a spare voltage sensor 61, 63 in advance, and use a spare voltage sensor when it is detected that at least one of the voltage sensors 61, 63 has failed.

  Returning to step S12, if both of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 have not failed (S12: No), in step S14, the converter control unit 54 determines whether or not a failure has occurred in the current sensors 62 and 64. To do. Specifically, the determination is made based on the flowchart shown in FIG. Note that the flowchart of FIG. 8 can be used for both step-down chopper control and step-up chopper control.

  In step S141, converter control unit 54 multiplies input voltage Vin and input current Iin to calculate input power Win (Win = Vin × Iin). When the step-down chopper control is used, the secondary voltage V2 is the input voltage Vin, and the secondary current I2 is the input current Iin. When the step-up chopper control is used, the primary voltage V1 is the input voltage Vin, and the primary current I1 is the input current Iin.

  In step S142, converter control unit 54 calculates output power Wout by multiplying output voltage Vout and output current Iout (Wout = Vout × Iout). When the step-down chopper control is used, the primary voltage V1 is the output voltage Vout, and the primary current I1 is the output current Iout. When the step-up chopper control is used, the secondary voltage V2 is the output voltage Vout, and the secondary current I2 is the output current Iout.

  In step S143, converter control unit 54 sets estimated loss Lcon [W] generated in DC / DC converter 36. In the present embodiment, the estimated loss Lcon sets the estimated loss Lcon based on the input voltage Vin, the output voltage Vout, and the output current Iout. At this time, an internal loss map 59 as shown in FIG. 9 is used. The internal loss map 59 is a map of losses generated in the DC / DC converter 36 during the step-down chopper control. Instead of using the internal loss map 59, one or more fixed values may be used as the estimated loss Lcon.

  In step S144, converter control unit 54 calculates difference Dw {= Win− (Wout + Lcon)} [W] between input power Win and the sum of output power Wout and estimated loss Lcon. This difference Dw is ideally zero.

  In step S145, converter control unit 54 compares difference Dw with current sensor failure determination threshold value THw [W] (hereinafter also referred to as “failure determination threshold value THw”) stored in memory 58. The failure determination threshold value THw is a positive real number for determining failure of the current sensors 62 and 64. As described above, since the difference Dw is ideally zero, if the difference Dr is a value away from zero, it can be determined that at least one of the current sensors 62 and 64 has failed. Therefore, a value that cannot be obtained when the current sensors 62 and 64 are operating normally is set as the failure determination threshold value THw, and the difference Dw is compared with the failure determination threshold value THw to compare the current sensors 62 and 64. A failure can be determined. The failure determination threshold value THw is determined based on, for example, failure detection accuracy, allowable error, and possibility of erroneous determination. Generally, when the failure determination threshold value THw is reduced, the failure detection accuracy is increased and the allowable error is reduced, but the possibility of erroneous determination is increased. If the failure determination threshold value THw is increased, the failure detection accuracy decreases and the tolerance increases, but the possibility of erroneous determination decreases.

  If the absolute value of the difference Dw is less than the absolute value of the failure determination threshold value THw in step S146 (S146: No), in step S147, the converter control unit 54 is normal for both current sensors 62 and 64 ( It is determined that the output is normal. When the absolute value of the difference Dw is equal to or larger than the absolute value of the failure determination threshold value THw (S146: Yes), in step S148, the converter control unit 54 has failed either of the current sensors 62 and 64 (the output is abnormal). Is determined).

  Returning to FIG. 6, in step S <b> 15, converter control unit 54 determines whether current sensors 62 and 64 have failed based on the determination result in step S <b> 14. When both current sensors 62 and 64 have not failed (S15: No), in step S16, converter control unit 54 performs normal control. When at least one of current sensors 62 and 64 has failed (S15: Yes), converter control part 54 prohibits I1 control mode in Step S17, and uses V2 control mode or V1 control mode. A spare current sensor can be used when a spare current sensor 62, 64 is provided in advance and it is detected that at least one of the current sensors 62, 64 has failed.

(6) Circuit Configuration for Determining Failure of Voltage Sensors 61 and 63 FIG. 10 shows an example of a circuit configuration for realizing the flowchart of FIG. 7 (detection of failure of voltage sensors 61 and 63). In the divider 72, the secondary voltage V2 detected by the voltage sensor 63 is divided by the primary voltage V1 detected by the voltage sensor 61 to calculate a ratio value Rv (= V1 / V2) (FIG. 7). S112).

  Next, the first subtracter 74 subtracts the duty ratio DUT calculated by the converter control unit 54 from the ratio value Rv calculated by the divider 72 to calculate a difference Dr (= Rv−DUT). The difference Dr is input to the first comparator 76 (S113). The first comparator 76 also receives a voltage sensor failure determination threshold value THr stored in the memory 58 of the converter control unit 54. Then, the first comparator 76 compares the difference Dr with the failure determination threshold value THr (S114). If the difference Dr is less than the failure determination threshold value THr, it is determined that there is no abnormality in either of the voltage sensors 61 and 63. “0” is output from the first comparator 76 (S115: No). When the difference Dr is greater than or equal to the failure determination threshold THr, there is an abnormality in one of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 (more specifically, the value of the voltage sensor 61 is excessive or the value of the voltage sensor 63 is “1” indicating whether it is too small is output from the first comparator 76 (S115: Yes).

  The difference Dr calculated by the first subtracter 74 is also input to the second comparator 78. The failure determination threshold value THr multiplied by “−1” in the first multiplier 80 (hereinafter referred to as “negative failure determination threshold value−THr”) is also input to the second comparator 78. Then, in the second comparator 78, the difference Dr is compared with the negative failure determination threshold value -THr (S114). When the difference Dr is larger than the negative failure determination threshold −THr, “0” indicating that there is no abnormality in either of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 is output from the second comparator 78 (S115: No). When the difference Dr is equal to or less than the negative failure determination threshold −THr, there is an abnormality in one of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 (more specifically, the value of the voltage sensor 61 is too small or the voltage sensor 63 “1” indicating whether the value is excessive is output from the second comparator 78 (S115: Yes).

(7) Circuit Configuration for Determining Failure of Current Sensors 62 and 64 FIG. 11 shows an example of a circuit configuration for realizing the flowchart of FIG. 8 (failure detection of the current sensors 62 and 64). In the second multiplier 86, the output voltage Vout and the output current Iout are multiplied to calculate the output power Wout (= Vout × Iout) (S142 in FIG. 8). The output power Wout is input to the adder 88.

  Further, the estimated loss Lcon generated in the DC / DC converter 36 is calculated based on the output current Iout, the input voltage Vin, and the output voltage Vout using an internal loss map such as the internal loss map 59 (see FIG. 9). It is selected (S143 in FIG. 8). The estimated loss Lcon is also input to the adder 88. Then, the adder 88 adds the output power Wout and the estimated loss Lcon, and calculates the sum S1 (= Wout + Lcon). The sum S1 is input to the second subtractor 92 and the third subtracter 94.

  In the third multiplier 96, the input voltage Vin and the input current Iin are multiplied to calculate the input power Win (= Vin × Iin) (S141). The secondary power W2 is input to the second subtracter 92 and the third subtracter 94.

  In the second subtracter 92, the sum S1 (= Wout + Lcon) is subtracted from the input power Win, and a difference Dw {= Win− (Wout + Lcon)} is calculated (S144). The difference Dw is input to the third comparator 98. The third comparator 98 also receives the current sensor failure determination threshold value THw stored in the memory 58 of the converter control unit 54. Then, the third comparator 98 compares the difference Dw with the failure determination threshold value THw (S145), and if the difference Dw is equal to or less than the failure determination threshold value THw, there is no abnormality in either of the current sensors 62 and 64. “0” shown is output from the third comparator 98 (S146: No). When the difference Dw is larger than the failure determination threshold value THw, there is an abnormality in one of the current sensors 62 and 64 (more specifically, the value of the output current Iout is too small or the value of the input current Iin is too large) Is output from the third comparator 98 (S146: Yes).

  In the third subtracter 94, the input power Win is subtracted from the sum S1, and the difference Dw minus (hereinafter simply referred to as “difference−Dw”) {= (Wout + Lcon) −Win} is calculated. (S144). This difference −Dw is input to the fourth comparator 100. The fourth comparator 100 also receives a failure determination threshold value THw. Then, the fourth comparator 100 compares the difference −Dw with the failure determination threshold value THw (S145), and if the difference −Dw is equal to or greater than the failure determination threshold value THw, there is no abnormality in either of the current sensors 62 and 64. “0” indicating this is output from the fourth comparator 100 (S146: No). When the difference −Dw is smaller than the failure determination threshold THw, there is an abnormality in one of the current sensors 62 and 64 (more specifically, the value of the output current Iout is excessive or the value of the input current Iin is “1” indicating whether the value is too small is output from the fourth comparator 100 (S146: Yes).

3. As described above, in the present embodiment, the failure of the current sensors 62 and 64 is determined using the difference Dw between the input power Win, the output power Wout, and the estimated loss Lcon. Ideally, since the input power Win is equal to the sum of the output power Wout and the estimated loss Lcon, the difference Dw is always zero. Therefore, based on the deviation between the difference Dw and the current sensor failure determination threshold value THw, the output abnormality of the current sensors 62 and 64 can be determined constantly and with high accuracy. As a result, faults such as gain change faults and offset change faults of the current sensors 62 and 64 can be easily detected.

  In the present embodiment, the failure of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 is determined using the difference Dr between the ratio value Rv of the secondary voltage V2 and the primary voltage V1 and the current duty ratio DUT. In the step-down chopper control, ideally, since the ratio value Rv and the current duty ratio DUT are equal, the difference Dr is always zero. Therefore, based on the deviation between the difference Dr and the voltage sensor failure determination threshold value THr, the output abnormality of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 can be determined constantly and with high accuracy. As a result, a fault such as a gain change fault or an offset change fault of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 can be easily detected.

  In this embodiment, when it determines with the current sensors 62 and 64 having failed (S15 of FIG. 6: Yes), I1 control mode is prohibited (S17). Thereby, the use of the measured values of the current sensors 62 and 64 determined to be broken can be stopped, and the DC / DC converter 36 can be controlled more appropriately.

  In the present embodiment, the estimated loss Lcon is set based on the output current Iout, the input voltage Vin, and the output voltage Vout (S143 in FIG. 8). Thereby, the estimated loss Lcon can be set finely, and as a result, the failure determination of the current sensors 62 and 64 can be performed with higher accuracy.

B. Modifications It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that various configurations can be adopted based on the contents described in this specification. For example, the following configurations (1) to (4) can be employed.

(1) DC / DC converter 36
In the above embodiment, the DC / DC converter 36 is mounted on the fuel cell vehicle, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it can also be mounted on a battery-powered vehicle (electric vehicle). Of course, the present invention can also be applied to a so-called parallel or series-parallel hybrid vehicle equipped with an engine, a battery, and a motor. Furthermore, it can be used for other systems.

(2) Failure determination of current sensors 62 and 64 In the above embodiment, the estimated loss Lcon is determined using the internal loss map 59, that is, based on the primary current I1, the primary voltage V1, and the secondary voltage V2. Not limited to this. For example, the estimated loss Lcon may be determined based on the secondary current I2, the primary voltage V1, and the secondary voltage V2. It is also possible to select the estimated loss Lcon based only on the primary current I1 and only on the primary voltage V1 and the secondary voltage V2. Further, the estimated loss Lcon can be a fixed value.

  In the above embodiment, the failure of the current sensors 62 and 64 is detected using the difference Dw between the input power Win and the sum of the output power Wout and the estimated loss Lcon, but this is not limitative. Instead, the failure of the current sensors 62 and 64 is detected using the value Rw {Rw is Win / (Wout + Lcon) or its reciprocal value} of the ratio of the input power Win and the sum of the output power Wout and the estimated loss Lcon. You can also. In this case, the ratio value Rw is always always ideally 1, so that the ratio value Rw deviates from 1 (based on the deviation between the ratio value Rw and a predetermined threshold). It can be determined whether or not the current sensors 62 and 64 are out of order.

(3) Failure determination of voltage sensors 61 and 63 In the above embodiment, the difference Dr between the ratio Rv of the secondary voltage V2 and the primary voltage V1 and the duty ratio DUT is used to determine whether the voltage sensors 61 and 63 A failure was detected, but is not limited to this. Instead, the failure of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 can be detected by using the ratio value Rv2 (Rv2 is Rv / DUT or its inverse) between the ratio value Rv and the duty ratio DUT. In this case, the ratio value Rv2 is ideally always 1, so that the ratio value Rv2 deviates from 1 (based on the deviation between the ratio value Rv2 and a predetermined threshold). It is possible to determine whether or not the voltage sensors 61 and 63 are out of order.

  Although the failure determination of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 in the above embodiment (the flowchart in FIG. 7) is based on the step-down chopper control, the failure determination of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 based on the step-up chopper control is also possible. It is. That is, when the ratio of the driving time of the lower arm element 82 used for boosting chopper control (lower arm element driving time T2) to the switching cycle Tsw is the second duty ratio DUT2, as described above, the second duty ratio DUT2 is: It can be expressed as “1-DUT” and “1- (V1 / V2tar)” (V2tar is the target secondary voltage). Therefore, the failure of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 can be determined based on the deviation between the second duty ratio DUT2 and “1- (V1 / V2)” using the measured values of the voltage sensors 61 and 63.

  In the above embodiment, the duty ratio DUT in the V2 control mode is assumed. However, the duty ratio DUT (= V1tar / V2) in the V1 control mode can also be used (V1tar is a target primary voltage). is there.).

(4) Others In the above embodiment, both the failure determination of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 and the failure determination of the current sensors 62 and 64 are performed, but only one of them can be performed.

  In the above embodiment, when it is determined that at least one of the current sensors 62 and 64 is out of order, the I1 control mode is prohibited, but other measures can be taken. For example, if a spare current sensor is provided and a failure of the current sensors 62 and 64 is detected, a configuration using this spare current sensor is also possible. Similarly, when it is determined that at least one of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 has failed, the V2 control mode and the V1 control mode are prohibited, but other measures can be taken. For example, if a spare voltage sensor is provided and a failure of the voltage sensors 61 and 63 is detected, a configuration using this spare voltage sensor is also possible.

  In the above embodiment, the single-phase phase arm UA is used, but a plurality of phase arms may be used.

1 is a circuit diagram of a vehicular power system capable of implementing a DC / DC converter failure detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. It is a flowchart of the basic control of the said electric power system for vehicles. It is explanatory drawing of the current-voltage characteristic of a fuel cell. It is a time chart used for operation | movement description of the pressure | voltage fall operation of a DC / DC converter. It is a time chart used for operation | movement description of the pressure | voltage rise operation of a DC / DC converter. It is a flowchart which performs failure determination of a DC / DC converter. It is a flowchart which performs failure determination of a voltage sensor. It is a flowchart which performs failure determination of a current sensor. It is a figure which shows an example of the internal loss map used for the failure determination of a current sensor. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit structure for implement | achieving the failure detection of a voltage sensor. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit structure for implement | achieving the failure detection of a current sensor.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 ... Electric power system for vehicles 22 ... Fuel cell (2nd electric power apparatus)
23 ... DC / DC converter unit (VCU)
24 ... Battery (first power device) 26 ... Motor (second power device)
34 ... Inverter 36 ... DC / DC converter 54 ... Converter control unit 59 ... Internal loss map 61, 63 ... Voltage sensor 62, 64 ... Current sensor 81 ... Upper arm element 82 ... Lower arm element 83, 84 ... Diode 90 ... Reactor Dr ... Difference between input voltage and output voltage and duty ratio DUT ... Duty ratio DUT2 ... Second duty ratio Dw ... Difference between input power and sum of output power and estimated loss Iin ... Input current Iout ... Output current Lcon: Estimated loss Rv: Value of input voltage and output voltage THr: Voltage sensor failure determination threshold THw: Current sensor failure determination threshold UA ... Phase arm UH, UL ... Drive signal Vin ... Input voltage Vout ... Output voltage Win ... Input Power Wout ... Output power

Claims (4)

Calculate the input power from the product of the input current and the input voltage to the DC / DC converter,
Calculate the output power from the product of the output current and the output voltage from the DC / DC converter,
Set the estimated loss that occurs in the DC / DC converter,
Calculating the difference or ratio between the input power and the sum of the output power and the estimated loss;
Compare this difference or ratio with a pre-stored predetermined threshold,
Determining whether a current sensor of the DC / DC converter for measuring the input current or the output current has failed based on a deviation between the difference or ratio and the predetermined threshold value. DC converter failure detection method. The failure detection method for a DC / DC converter according to claim 1,
Detect the current duty ratio,
Calculating the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage;
Calculating the difference or ratio between the ratio and the duty ratio;
Compare this difference or ratio with a pre-stored predetermined second threshold,
It is determined whether a voltage sensor of the DC / DC converter that measures the input voltage or the output voltage is faulty based on a deviation between the difference or ratio and the second threshold value. DC converter failure detection method. The failure detection method for a DC / DC converter according to claim 1 or 2,
A failure detection method for a DC / DC converter, wherein, when it is determined that the current sensor is broken, an operation mode for controlling the input current or the output current is prohibited using a measurement value of the current sensor. . In the failure detection method of the DC / DC converter of any one of Claims 1-3,
A failure detection method for a DC / DC converter, wherein the estimated loss is set based on the input current or the output current, the input voltage, and the output voltage.

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