JP5044622B2 - Automatic transmission - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an automatic transmission that is applied as a transmission device for a vehicle that has a request for a multi-stage shift speed and a request for a wide gear ratio width.

  Conventionally, as an automatic transmission that achieves a forward eight-speed shift stage with three planets and six friction elements, a double pinion type planetary gear and a ravinio type planetary gear unit (one double pinion type planet and one single pinion type planet) And what has four clutches and two brakes is known (for example, refer patent document 1).

JP 2001-182785 A

However, although the conventional automatic transmission achieves a forward 8-speed gear stage with three planets and six friction elements, it uses two double pinion type planetary gears, and is disadvantageous in the following items: There was a problem.
-Gear efficiency and gear noise are poor because the number of gear meshing increases.
・ Since the pinion gear diameter is reduced, durability reliability is reduced.
・ The number of parts increases, which increases costs.

  In addition, since two friction elements are fastened to achieve each of the eight forward speeds, there are four idle friction elements at each shift stage, and there is friction loss in the idle friction elements. There is a problem that the transmission efficiency of driving energy is greatly deteriorated.

  In particular, in the case of multi-plate clutches and multi-plate brakes that are frequently used as friction elements, oil that is sprayed for cooling or lubrication is interposed between the relatively rotating plates in the idling state due to element release, and drag resistance (oil The generation of friction loss due to the shear resistance) cannot be avoided. Moreover, the friction loss increases as the number of plates increases and the relative rotational speed between the plates increases.

  The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and is advantageous in terms of gear efficiency, gear noise, durability reliability, and cost while achieving forward eight speed with three planetary six friction elements, and friction loss. It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic transmission that can improve the transmission efficiency of drive energy by suppressing the above.

In order to achieve the above object, an automatic transmission according to the present invention includes:
A first planetary gear comprising a first sun gear, a first ring gear, and a first carrier that supports the first sun gear and the first double pinion meshing with the first ring gear;
A second planetary gear comprising a second sun gear, a second ring gear, and a second carrier that supports the second sun gear and a second single pinion meshing with the second ring gear;
A third planetary gear comprising a third sun gear, a third ring gear, a third carrier that supports the third sun gear and a third single pinion that meshes with the third ring gear;
6 friction elements,
By appropriately fastening and releasing the six friction elements, it is possible to shift to at least a forward 8-speed gear stage and output torque from the input shaft to the output shaft.
In this automatic transmission,
The input shaft is always connected to the second ring gear,
The output shaft is always connected to the third ring gear,
The first carrier and the second carrier are always connected to form a first rotating member;
The first ring gear and the third carrier are always connected to form a second rotating member,
The six friction elements are:
A first friction element that selectively connects between the second sun gear and the third sun gear;
A second friction element that selectively connects between the second ring gear and the second rotating member;
A third friction element that selectively connects between the first sun gear and the third sun gear;
A fourth friction element that selectively connects between the first rotating member and the third sun gear;
A fifth friction element capable of locking the rotation of the second sun gear;
A sixth friction element capable of locking the rotation of the second rotating member;
Composed of
Of the six friction elements, at least eight forward speeds and one reverse speed are achieved by a combination of three simultaneous fastenings.

Therefore, in the automatic transmission according to the present invention, at least the eight forward speeds and the first reverse speed are achieved by the three planetary and six friction elements. Of these, two single pinion planetary gears and one double pinion planetary gear are used for three planets. For this reason, the number of gear meshes involved in torque transmission is reduced to less than the number of gear meshes when one single pinion planetary gear and two double pinion planetary gears are used, and the gear efficiency is improved and gear noise is reduced. . And since the gear diameter of a pinion becomes large, durability reliability improves. Furthermore, since the number of parts is reduced, the cost is reduced.
Further, for the six friction elements, each gear stage is achieved by a combination of three simultaneous engagements. For this reason, there are three friction elements that idle in each shift stage, and friction loss at the friction element that idles can be reduced compared to the case where each shift stage is achieved by a combination of two simultaneous engagements. Therefore, for example, when applied to an engine vehicle, drive energy transmission efficiency is improved such that fuel efficiency is improved.
As a result, while achieving 8 forward speeds with 3 planetary 6 friction elements, it is advantageous in terms of gear efficiency, gear noise, durability reliability, and cost, and also improves drive energy transmission efficiency by minimizing friction loss. Can be achieved.

1 is a skeleton diagram illustrating an automatic transmission according to a first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the fastening operation | movement table | surface which achieves 8 forward speeds and 1 reverse speed | velocity | rate by the combination of three simultaneous fastening among the six friction elements in the automatic transmission of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a gear meshing frequency table at each of the forward eighth speed in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a shift operation at a first speed (1st) in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shift operation at a second speed (2nd) in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shift operation at a third speed (3rd) in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a shift operation at a fourth speed (4th) in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a shift operation at a fifth speed (5th) in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shift operation at a sixth speed (6th) in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a shift operation at a seventh speed (7th) in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a shift operation at an eighth speed (8th) in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shift operation at a reverse speed (Rev) in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. It is a skeleton figure which shows the automatic transmission of a prior art example. It is a figure which shows the fastening operation | movement table | surface which achieves 8 forward speeds and 2 reverse speeds by the combination of two simultaneous fastenings among six friction elements in the automatic transmission of the conventional example. It is a figure which shows the gear-engagement frequency | count table | surface in each gear stage of 8 forward speeds in the automatic transmission of a prior art example.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for realizing an automatic transmission according to the present invention will be described based on a first embodiment shown in the drawings.

First, the configuration will be described.
FIG. 1 is a skeleton diagram illustrating an automatic transmission according to a first embodiment. Hereinafter, the planetary gear configuration and the friction element configuration of the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment includes a first planetary gear PG1, a second planetary gear PG2, a third planetary gear PG3, an input shaft IN, an output shaft OUT, The first rotary member M1, the second rotary member M2, the first clutch C1 (first friction element), the second clutch C2 (second friction element), and the third clutch C3 (third Friction element), fourth clutch C4 (fourth friction element), first brake B1 (fifth friction element), second brake B2 (sixth friction element), and transmission case TC. I have.

  The first planetary gear PG1 is a double pinion type planetary gear having first double pinions P1s and P1r, and meshes with the first sun gear S1, the pinion P1s meshed with the first sun gear S1, and the pinion P1s. The first carrier PC1 that supports the pinion P1r and the first ring gear R1 that meshes with the pinion P1r.

  The second planetary gear PG2 is a single pinion type planetary gear, and includes a second sun gear S2, a second carrier PC2 supporting the second single pinion P2 meshing with the second sun gear S2, and the second And a second ring gear R2 meshing with two single pinions P2.

  The third planetary gear PG3 is a single pinion type planetary gear, and includes a third sun gear S3, a third carrier PC3 that supports a third single pinion P3 that meshes with the third sun gear S3, 3 and a third ring gear R3 meshing with the single pinion P3.

  The input shaft IN is a shaft to which rotational drive torque from a drive source (engine or the like) is input via a torque converter or the like, and is always connected to the second ring gear R2.

  The output shaft OUT is a shaft that outputs a rotational drive torque after shifting to the drive wheels via a propeller shaft, final gear, or the like, and is always connected to the third ring gear R3.

  The first rotating member M1 is a rotating member that always connects the first carrier PC1 and the second carrier PC2 without interposing a friction element.

  The second rotating member M2 is a rotating member that always connects the first ring gear R1 and the third carrier PC3 without interposing a friction element.

  The first clutch C1 is a first friction element that selectively connects the second sun gear S2 and the third sun gear S3.

  The second clutch C2 is a second friction element that selectively connects the second ring gear R2 and the second rotating member M2.

  The third clutch C3 is a third friction element that selectively connects the first sun gear S1 and the third sun gear S3.

  The fourth clutch C4 is a fourth friction element that selectively connects the first rotating member M1 and the third sun gear S3.

  The first brake B1 is a fifth friction element that can lock the rotation of the second sun gear S2 with respect to the transmission case TC.

  The second brake B2 is a sixth friction element that can lock the rotation of the second rotating member M2 with respect to the transmission case TC.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the first planetary gear PG1, the second planetary gear PG2, and the third planetary gear PG3 are connected to the output shaft OUT from the input shaft IN to which a drive source is connected. They are arranged in order.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a fastening operation table that achieves eight forward speeds and one reverse speed by combining three of the six friction elements in the automatic transmission of the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a gear meshing frequency table at each of the eight forward speeds in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment. Hereinafter, based on FIG.2 and FIG.3, the transmission structure which establishes each gear stage of the automatic transmission of Example 1 is demonstrated.

  The automatic transmission according to the first embodiment has eight forward speeds and one reverse speed as described below by combining three of the six friction elements C1, C2, C3, C4, B1, and B2 simultaneously. To achieve.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the first speed (1st) is achieved by simultaneously engaging the first clutch C1, the third clutch C3, and the second brake B2. As shown in FIG. 3, since the first planetary gear PG1, the second planetary gear PG2, and the third planetary gear PG3 are involved in the meshing, the number of gear meshes at the first speed gear stage is the total number of gear meshes. Is 7 times (= 3 times + 2 times + 2 times).

  The second speed (2nd) is achieved by simultaneous engagement of the third clutch C3, the first brake B1, and the second brake B2, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the number of gear meshes at the second speed gear stage is the total number of times because the first planetary gear PG1, the second planetary gear PG2, and the third planetary gear PG3 are involved in meshing. Is 7 times (= 3 times + 2 times + 2 times).

  As shown in FIG. 2, the third speed (3rd) is established by simultaneously engaging the first clutch C1, the third clutch C3, and the first brake B1. As shown in FIG. 3, the number of gear meshes at the third speed gear stage is the total number of times because the first planetary gear PG1, the second planetary gear PG2, and the third planetary gear PG3 are involved in meshing. Is 7 times (= 3 times + 2 times + 2 times).

  As shown in FIG. 2, the fourth speed (4th) is achieved by simultaneously engaging the third clutch C3, the fourth clutch C4, and the first brake B1. As shown in FIG. 3, the number of gear meshes at the fourth speed gear stage is only 2nd planetary gear PG2 is involved in meshing, so the total number of times is 2 times (= 0 times + 2 times + 0 times). It becomes.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the fifth speed (5th) is achieved by simultaneously engaging the second clutch C2, the third clutch C3, and the first brake B1. As shown in FIG. 3, the number of gear meshes at the fifth speed gear stage is the total number of times because the first planetary gear PG1, the second planetary gear PG2, and the third planetary gear PG3 are involved in meshing. Is 7 times (= 3 times + 2 times + 2 times).

  As shown in FIG. 2, the sixth speed (6th) is achieved by simultaneously engaging the second clutch C2, the third clutch C3, and the fourth clutch C4. As shown in FIG. 3, the number of gear meshes at the sixth speed gear stage is such that none of the first planetary gear PG1, the second planetary gear PG2, and the third planetary gear PG3 is involved in meshing. The total number of times is zero.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the seventh speed (7th) is achieved by simultaneously engaging the second clutch C2, the fourth clutch C4, and the first brake B1. As shown in FIG. 3, since the second planetary gear PG2 and the third planetary gear PG3 are involved in meshing, the total number of gear engagements at the seventh speed gear stage is four (= 0). Times + 2 times + 2 times).

  As shown in FIG. 2, the eighth speed (8th) is achieved by simultaneously engaging the first clutch C1, the second clutch C2, and the first brake B1. As shown in FIG. 3, the number of meshing gears at the eighth speed gear stage is related to the meshing of only the third planetary gear PG3, so the total number of times is two times (= 0 times + 0 times + 2 times). It becomes.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the reverse speed (Rev) is achieved by simultaneously engaging the fourth clutch C4, the first brake B1, and the second brake B2.

Next, the operation will be described.
The operation of the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment will be described by dividing it into “shift operation at each shift stage” and “advantage by comparison with the prior art”.

[Shifting action at each gear stage]
(First gear)
At the first speed (1st), the first clutch C1, the third clutch C3, and the second brake B2 are simultaneously engaged as shown by hatching in FIG.

  By simultaneously engaging the first clutch C1 and the third clutch C3, the first sun gear S1, the second sun gear S2, and the third sun gear S3 are directly connected. The first ring gear R1 and the third carrier PC3 are fixed to the transmission case TC by the engagement of the second brake B2 and the second rotating member M2.

  Therefore, when the input rotational speed is input to the second ring gear R2 after passing through the input shaft IN, the second carrier PC2 and the second sun gear S2 of the second planetary gear PG2 are connected to the first ring gear fixed first. The planetary gear PG1 rotates while being restrained by the rotation of the first carrier PC1 and the first sun gear S1. The constraint condition at this time is that the first carrier PC1 and the second carrier PC2 maintain the same rotational speed via the first rotating member M1, and the first clutch C1 and the third clutch C3 are the first. The condition is that the sun gear S1 and the second sun gear S2 maintain the same rotational speed. Due to this rotational constraint relationship, the rotation of the first sun gear S1 and the second sun gear S2 is in the direction opposite to the input rotation direction to the second ring gear R2. The rotation of the second sun gear S2 passes through the first clutch C1 and is input to the third sun gear S3 as it is. For this reason, in the third planetary gear PG3 fixed to the carrier, the rotation of the third sun gear S3 is reversed to the normal rotation and output from the third ring gear R3. The output rotation speed (= deceleration rotation speed lower than the input rotation speed) from the third ring gear R3 is directly transmitted to the output shaft OUT, and the first speed gear stage is achieved.

(2nd gear)
At the second speed (2nd), the third clutch C3, the first brake B1, and the second brake B2 are simultaneously engaged as shown by hatching in FIG.

  By engaging the third clutch C3, the first sun gear S1 and the third sun gear S3 are directly connected. As the first brake B1 is engaged, the second sun gear S2 is fixed to the transmission case TC. The first ring gear R1 and the third carrier PC3 are fixed to the transmission case TC by the engagement of the second brake B2 and the second rotating member M2.

  Therefore, when the input rotational speed is input after passing through the input shaft IN to the second ring gear R2, the input rotation is decelerated and output from the second carrier PC2 in the second planetary gear PG2 fixed to the sun gear. The rotation of the second carrier PC2 passes through the first rotation member M1 and is input to the first carrier PC1 as it is. For this reason, in the first planetary gear PG1 fixed to the ring gear, the rotation of the first carrier PC1 is reversed to the reverse rotation and output from the first sun gear S1. The rotation of the first sun gear S1 passes through the third clutch C3 and is input to the third sun gear S3 as it is. For this reason, in the third planetary gear PG3 fixed to the carrier, the rotation of the third sun gear S3 is reversed to the normal rotation and output from the third ring gear R3. The output rotation speed (= deceleration rotation speed lower than the input rotation speed and higher than the first speed) from the third ring gear R3 is directly transmitted to the output shaft OUT, and the second speed gear stage is achieved.

(3rd speed)
At the third speed (3rd), the first clutch C1, the third clutch C3, and the first brake B1 are simultaneously engaged as shown by hatching in FIG.

  By simultaneously engaging the first clutch C1, the third clutch C3, and the first brake B1, the first sun gear S1, the second sun gear S2, and the third sun gear S3 are fixed to the transmission case TC.

  Therefore, when the input rotational speed is input after passing through the input shaft IN to the second ring gear R2, the input rotation is decelerated and output from the second carrier PC2 in the second planetary gear PG2 fixed to the sun gear. The rotation of the second carrier PC2 passes through the first rotation member M1 and is input to the first carrier PC1 as it is. Therefore, in the first planetary gear PG1 fixed with the sun gear, the rotation of the first carrier PC1 is decelerated and output from the first ring gear R1. The rotation of the first ring gear R1 passes through the second rotating member M2 and is input to the third carrier PC3 as it is. Therefore, in the third planetary gear PG3 fixed to the sun gear, the rotation of the third carrier PC3 is increased and output from the third ring gear R3. The output rotation speed (= deceleration rotation speed lower than the input rotation speed and higher than the second speed) from the third ring gear R3 is directly transmitted to the output shaft OUT, and the third speed gear stage is achieved.

(4th gear)
At the fourth speed (4th), the third clutch C3, the fourth clutch C4, and the first brake B1 are simultaneously engaged as shown by hatching in FIG.

  With the simultaneous engagement of the third clutch C3 and the fourth clutch C4 and the first and second rotating members M1, M2, the three rotating elements S1, PC1, R1 of the first planetary gear PG1 and the third planetary gear PG3 The three rotation elements S3, PC3, and R3 are rotated together, and the first planetary gear PG1, the second carrier PC2, and the third planetary gear PG3 are directly connected. As the first brake B1 is engaged, the second sun gear S2 is fixed to the transmission case TC.

  Therefore, when the input rotational speed is input after passing through the input shaft IN to the second ring gear R2, the input rotation is decelerated and output from the second carrier PC2 in the second planetary gear PG2 fixed to the sun gear. The rotation of the second carrier PC2 passes through the first rotating member M1 and the fourth clutch C4 and is directly input to the third planetary gear PG3 in which the three rotating elements S3, PC3, and R3 rotate together. . For this reason, the rotation of the third ring gear R3 is the same as that of the second carrier PC2, and the output rotation speed from the third ring gear R3 (deceleration rotation speed lower than the input rotation speed and higher than the third speed) is Then, it is transmitted to the output shaft OUT as it is, and the fourth speed is achieved.

(5th speed)
At the fifth speed (5th), the second clutch C2, the third clutch C3, and the first brake B1 are simultaneously engaged as shown by hatching in FIG.

  The input shaft IN, the first ring gear R1, the second ring gear R2, and the third carrier PC3 are directly connected by the engagement of the second clutch C2 and the second rotating member M2. As the third clutch C3 is engaged, the first sun gear S1 and the third sun gear S3 are directly connected. As the first brake B1 is engaged, the second sun gear S2 is fixed to the transmission case TC.

  Therefore, when the input shaft IN rotates at the input rotation speed, the second ring gear R2 rotates at the input rotation speed after passing through the input shaft IN. For this reason, in the second planetary gear PG2 fixed to the sun gear, the input rotation is decelerated and output from the second carrier PC2. The rotation of the second carrier PC2 passes through the first rotation member M1 and is input to the first carrier PC1 as it is. For this reason, in the first planetary gear PG1 having two inputs and one output, the rotational speed of the first carrier PC1 and the rotational speed of the first ring gear R1 (= input rotational speed) are defined, whereby the first sun gear The rotation speed of S1 is determined. The rotation of the first sun gear S1 passes through the third clutch C3 and is input to the third sun gear S3 as it is. For this reason, in the third planetary gear PG3 having two inputs and one output, the rotation speed of the third sun gear S3 and the rotation speed of the third carrier PC3 (= input rotation speed) are defined, whereby the third ring gear. The rotation speed of R3 is determined. The output rotation speed from the third ring gear R3 (deceleration rotation speed that is lower than the input rotation speed and higher by the fourth speed) is directly transmitted to the output shaft OUT, and the fifth speed gear stage is achieved.

(Sixth speed gear)
At the sixth speed (6th), the second clutch C2, the third clutch C3, and the fourth clutch C4 are simultaneously engaged as shown by hatching in FIG.

  With the simultaneous engagement of the second clutch C2, the third clutch C3 and the fourth clutch C4 and the first and second rotating members M1, M2, the three rotating elements S1, PC1, R1 of the first planetary gear PG1, The three rotating elements S2, PC2, R2 of the second planetary gear PG2 and the three rotating elements S3, PC3, R3 of the third planetary gear PG3 are brought into a state of rotating together, and the input shaft IN and the The first planetary gear PG1, the second planetary gear PG2, and the third planetary gear PG3 are directly connected.

  Therefore, when the input shaft IN rotates at the input rotational speed, the first planetary gear PG1, the second planetary gear PG2, and the third planetary gear PG3 rotate together at the input rotational speed. For this reason, the output rotational speed from the third ring gear R3 (the same rotational speed as the input rotational speed from the input shaft IN) is directly transmitted to the output shaft OUT, and the sixth speed gear stage (direct shift speed change) with a gear ratio of 1 is achieved. Stage) is achieved.

(7th speed)
At the seventh speed (7th), the second clutch C2, the fourth clutch C4, and the first brake B1 are simultaneously engaged as shown by hatching in FIG.

  The input shaft IN, the first ring gear R1, the second ring gear R2, and the third carrier PC3 are directly connected by the engagement of the second clutch C2 and the second rotating member M2. The first carrier PC1, the second carrier PC2, and the third sun gear S3 are directly connected by the engagement of the fourth clutch C3 and the first rotating member M1. As the first brake B1 is engaged, the second sun gear S2 is fixed to the transmission case TC.

  Therefore, when the input shaft IN rotates at the input rotation speed, the second ring gear R2 rotates at the input rotation speed after passing through the input shaft IN. For this reason, in the second planetary gear PG2 fixed to the sun gear, the input rotation is decelerated and output from the second carrier PC2. The rotation of the second carrier PC2 passes through the first rotating member M1 and the fourth clutch C4 and is directly input to the third sun gear S3. For this reason, in the third planetary gear PG3 having two inputs and one output, the rotation speed of the third sun gear S3 and the rotation speed of the third carrier PC3 (= input rotation speed) are defined, whereby the third ring gear. The rotation speed of R3 is determined. The output rotation speed from the third ring gear R3 (acceleration speed higher than the input rotation speed) is directly transmitted to the output shaft OUT, and the seventh speed is achieved.

(8th speed)
At the eighth speed (8th), the first clutch C1, the second clutch C2, and the first brake B1 are simultaneously engaged as shown by hatching in FIG.

  The input shaft IN, the first ring gear R1, the second ring gear R2, and the third carrier PC3 are directly connected by the engagement of the second clutch C2 and the second rotating member M2. By simultaneously engaging the first clutch C1 and the first brake B1, the second sun gear S2 and the third sun gear S3 are fixed to the transmission case TC.

  Therefore, when the input shaft IN rotates at the input rotation speed, the third carrier PC3 rotates at the input rotation speed after passing through the second clutch C2 and the second rotation member M2. Therefore, in the third planetary gear PG3 fixed to the sun gear, the rotation (= input rotation speed) of the third carrier PC3 is increased and output from the third ring gear R3. The rotation speed from the third ring gear R3 (= input rotation speed and speed increase rotation speed higher than the seventh speed) is transmitted as it is to the output shaft OUT, and the eighth speed gear stage is achieved.

(Reverse speed shift stage)
At the reverse speed (Rev), the fourth clutch C4, the first brake B1, and the second brake B2 are simultaneously engaged as shown by hatching in FIG.

  The first carrier PC1, the second carrier PC2, and the third sun gear S3 are directly connected by the engagement of the fourth clutch C4 and the first rotating member M1. As the first brake B1 is engaged, the second sun gear S2 is fixed to the transmission case TC. The first ring gear R1 and the third carrier PC3 are fixed to the transmission case TC by the engagement of the second brake B2 and the second rotating member M2.

  Therefore, when the input rotational speed is input after passing through the input shaft IN to the second ring gear R2, the input rotation is decelerated and output from the second carrier PC2 in the second planetary gear PG2 fixed to the sun gear. The rotation of the second carrier PC2 passes through the first rotating member M1 and the fourth clutch C4, and is directly input to the third sun gear S3. For this reason, in the third planetary gear PG3 fixed to the carrier, the rotation of the third sun gear S3 is reversed to reverse rotation and output from the third ring gear R3. The output rotation speed from the third ring gear R3 (rotation speed approximately equal to the input rotation speed in the opposite direction) is directly transmitted to the output shaft OUT, and a reverse speed gear stage is achieved.

[Advantages by comparison with conventional technology]
FIG. 13 is a skeleton diagram showing a conventional automatic transmission. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a fastening operation table for achieving 8 forward speeds and 2 reverse speeds by combining two of the six friction elements in the conventional automatic transmission. Hereinafter, the advantages of the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment in comparison with the prior art will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14.

First, when comparing the automatic transmission of the first embodiment (FIGS. 1 and 2) and the automatic transmission of the conventional example (FIGS. 13 and 14), it can be said that the performance is equivalent with respect to the points listed below. .
(Basic configuration and speed change performance)
Both the automatic transmission of the conventional example and the automatic transmission of the first embodiment achieve eight forward speeds and one reverse speed with three planets and six friction elements.
(Transmission control performance)
Both the automatic transmission of the conventional example and the automatic transmission of the first embodiment achieve the shift to the adjacent gear stage by the single overhanging shift of releasing one friction element and fastening one friction element.

  However, “(a) Three planetary gears”, “(b) Friction loss at each gear stage”, “(c) Gear ratio width”, “(d) Reverse power performance”, and “(e) Jump gear shift” listed below. The automatic transmission according to the first embodiment has an advantage over the conventional automatic transmission.

(a) When selecting a planetary gear to be used for a three planetary gear automatic transmission, there are single pinion type planetary gears and double pinion type planetary gears as options, but from the viewpoint of gear transmission efficiency, etc., double pinion type planetary gears However, it is considered preferable to select a single pinion type planetary gear.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the automatic transmission of the conventional example uses a double pinion type planetary gear and a Ravinio type planetary gear unit (one double pinion type planetary gear and one single pinion type planetary gear). That is, since two double pinion type planetary gears are used substantially, the number of gear meshing increases, the transmission efficiency and gear noise of the gear are poor, the pinion gear diameter is reduced, and the durability reliability is reduced. There is a problem that the cost increases because the number of parts increases.

  On the other hand, in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment, the first planetary gear PG1 using a double pinion, the second planetary gear PG2 and the third planetary gear PG3 using a single pinion are used. For this reason, compared with the conventional example using two double pinion type planetary gears, the number of use of double pinion type planetary gears decreases. For this reason, compared with the conventional example which uses two double pinion type planetary gears, it becomes advantageous in the following items.

In the case of the automatic transmission of the first embodiment, the gear meshing frequency is reduced as compared with the conventional example, the gear transmission efficiency is improved, and the gear noise is reduced.
That is, one set of double-pinion planetary gears has a meshing number of 3, whereas one set of single-pinion planetary gears has a meshing number of 2 because there is no meshing between the pinions. Therefore, in the case of Example 1, the average meshing number is 4.50 as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the case of the conventional example using two pairs of double pinion type planetary gears, the average meshing number is 4.75 as shown in FIG. As a result, in the case of the first embodiment, even if the average value of each shift stage is taken, the average number of meshes is reduced by 0.25 compared to the average mesh count of 4.75 in the conventional example.

In the case of the automatic transmission of the first embodiment, the pinion gear diameter is increased, so that the durability reliability is improved.
That is, in the case of a single pinion, a plurality of pinions whose gear diameter is the distance between both gears are arranged between the sun gear and the ring gear. On the other hand, in the case of a double pinion, it is necessary to make the diameter smaller than the distance between the two gears. Thus, in the case of a single pinion, since the gear diameter of the pinion is larger than that of the double pinion, the rigidity and tooth surface strength of the pinion can be increased, and the durability reliability is improved.

In the case of the automatic transmission of the first embodiment, the number of parts is reduced, which is advantageous in terms of cost.
For example, in the case of a double pinion planetary gear, when four pairs of double pinions are arranged around the sun gear, the number of pinions is eight. On the other hand, in the case of a single-pinion planetary gear, it is sufficient to arrange four pinions around the sun gear, and the number of parts is reduced by four. As a result, cost reduction can be achieved.

(b) When the friction loss friction elements at each gear stage are fastened to obtain each gear stage, friction loss cannot be avoided due to drag generated by the friction element (release element) that idles, but as an automatic transmission, The smaller the friction loss, the better.

  In the case of the conventional automatic transmission, in order to achieve each of the eight forward speeds, two friction elements are simultaneously engaged at each speed as shown in FIG. For this reason, for example, the friction element that idles at the first speed includes four friction elements that idle at each shift speed, such as the second clutch C2, the third clutch C3, the fourth clutch C4, and the first brake B1. Become. For this reason, friction loss due to dragging and the like by the four friction elements that idle is increased, leading to deterioration in drive energy transmission efficiency. For example, when the conventional automatic transmission is applied to an engine vehicle, friction loss due to four friction elements that idle causes a deterioration in fuel consumption performance.

  On the other hand, in the case of the automatic transmission of the first embodiment, in order to achieve each of the eight forward shift speeds, as shown in FIG. 2, three friction elements are simultaneously engaged at each shift speed. . Therefore, for example, the number of friction elements that idle at the first speed stage is three, such as the second clutch C2, the fourth clutch C4, and the first brake B1, at each speed stage. For this reason, compared with the conventional example, the friction loss at the friction element that idles can be suppressed to be small, and the transmission efficiency of the drive energy can be improved. For example, when the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment is applied to an engine vehicle, fuel efficiency can be improved.

(c) Gear ratio width The change ratio of the gear ratio of the automatic transmission is represented by the ratio coverage (= minimum speed gear ratio / maximum speed gear ratio: hereinafter referred to as “RC”). The larger the RC value, the wider the gear ratio change range, and the higher the gear ratio setting freedom, the better.

  In the case of the conventional automatic transmission, as shown in FIG. 14, the value of RC = 6.711 (= 4.597 / 0.685). On the other hand, in the automatic transmission of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the gear ratio of the first planetary gear PG1 is ρ1 = −0.416, the gear ratio of the second planetary gear PG2 is ρ2 = 0.463, When the gear ratio of the third planetary gear PG3 is set to ρ3 = 0.357, RC = 6.891 (= 5.079 / 0.737) is obtained while maintaining an appropriate gear ratio between adjacent gears.

  In other words, while maintaining an appropriate gear ratio, the RC value can be made larger than the conventional example, ensuring both start performance at the lowest gear ratio and high speed fuel consumption at the highest gear ratio. can do. Here, “appropriate gear ratio” means that the gear ratio at each gear stage is plotted, and when the plotted points are connected by a line, the characteristic is smooth from the low gear side toward the high gear side. It means that a characteristic line can be drawn that changes in a flat state after being lowered by a gradient.

  The rotational speed actually transmitted to the drive wheels is adjusted by the final gear ratio of the final reduction gear provided at the downstream position of the automatic transmission. Therefore, the higher the RC value, the higher the degree of freedom of adjustment by the final gear ratio. For example, by adjusting to the low side, it is advantageous to cope with an automatic transmission of a hybrid vehicle having no torque converter. Become. In addition, it will be advantageous to handle gasoline engines and diesel engines with different optimal fuel efficiency and maximum torque ranges. That is, in the case of an engine vehicle, both the starting driving force and the fuel efficiency (reduction in engine speed) can be achieved.

(d) Reverse power performance The 1st gear ratio and the reverse gear ratio are values that determine the start acceleration performance and the climbing performance. For example, when the ratio between the 1st gear ratio and the reverse gear ratio is not near 1, the vehicle moves forward and backward. A driving force difference occurs at the time of switching. Also, if the reverse gear ratio is lower than the first gear ratio, the driving force at the time of backward start is lower than the driving force at the time of forward start, and the reverse startability is inferior.

  In the case of the automatic transmission of the conventional example, as shown in FIG. 14, Rev1 / 1st = 0.882, Rev2 / 1st = 0.473, and in the case of Rev1 / 1st, the level that can prevent the driving force shortage at the time of reverse is What can be maintained, whether the first reverse speed (Rev1) or the second reverse speed (Rev2) is selected, the ratio of the first gear ratio to the reverse gear ratio is lower than 1, and is driven when switching between forward and reverse. A force difference occurs and the backward startability is inferior.

  On the other hand, in the case of the automatic transmission of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, Rev / 1st = 0.906, and the ratio between the first gear ratio and the reverse gear ratio is in the vicinity of one. For this reason, a driving force difference does not occur at the time of forward / reverse switching, and the backward startability is not deteriorated. That is, the vehicle can be operated without impairing the start acceleration performance and the climbing performance.

(e) Jumping shift For example, when driving on the highway, etc., when the accelerator is depressed to operate the vehicle at a constant speed with the seventh speed on the overdrive side, such as overtaking the vehicle ahead of the host vehicle, etc. Then, a two-step jump down shift from the eighth speed to the fifth speed and a step-down shift by the two-step jump down shift from the seventh speed to the fourth speed are performed.

In the case of the automatic transmission of the conventional example, the two-step jump down shift from the eighth speed to the fifth speed can be achieved by a single overhanging shift of releasing one friction element and fastening one friction element. it can. However, the two-step jump-down shift from the seventh speed to the fourth speed is a double-overlay shift in which two friction elements are released and two friction elements are engaged. Therefore, if there is a shift request from the seventh speed to the fourth speed, the seventh speed → the fifth speed → the fourth speed, or the seventh speed → the sixth speed → the fourth speed, or the seventh speed → It is a speed change that passes through the intermediate speed, such as 6th speed → 5th speed → 4th speed.
Therefore, when the accelerator depression operation is performed with the intention of intermediate acceleration, it takes time from the start of the shift based on the shift command to the end of the shift, and the response of the driving force increase to the intermediate acceleration request that appears in the accelerator depression operation of the driver is delayed. .

On the other hand, in the automatic transmission according to the first embodiment, any shift pattern is selected from the two-step jump down shift from the eighth speed to the fifth speed and the two-step jump down shift from the seventh speed to the fourth speed. Even if the shift command is output, as shown in FIG. 2, it can be achieved by a single overhanging shift of releasing one friction element and fastening one friction element. For this reason, even if there is a shift request from the 7th speed to the 4th speed, the second speed jump from the 7th speed to the 4th speed without passing through the intermediate shift speeds (6th speed, 5th speed). A downshift can be performed.
Therefore, when an accelerator depression operation is performed with the intention of intermediate acceleration, the shift is completed in a short time from the start of the shift based on the shift command, and a response to an increase in driving force with respect to the intermediate acceleration request that appears in the driver's accelerator depression operation is secured. Is done.

Next, the effect will be described.
In the automatic transmission of the first embodiment, the effects listed below can be obtained.

(1) From the first sun gear S1, the first ring gear R1, and the first carrier PC1 that supports the first sun gear S1 and the first double pinions P1s and P1r meshing with the first ring gear R1. A first planetary gear PG1, a second sun gear S2, a second ring gear R2, and a second single pinion P2 that meshes with the second sun gear S2 and the second ring gear R2. Supports second planetary gear PG2 comprising carrier PC2, third sun gear S3, third ring gear R3, and third single pinion P3 meshing with third sun gear S3 and third ring gear R3. A third planetary gear PG3 comprising a third carrier PC3 and six friction elements, and by appropriately fastening and releasing the six friction elements, the speed is shifted to at least a forward 8-speed gear stage and input. Output torque from shaft IN to output shaft OUT In the automatic transmission, the input shaft IN is always connected to the second ring gear R2, the output shaft is always connected to the third ring gear R3, and the first carrier PC1. And the second carrier PC2 are always connected to form the first rotating member M1, and the first ring gear R1 and the third carrier PC3 are always connected to the second rotating member M2. The six friction elements include a first friction element (first clutch C1) that selectively connects the second sun gear S2 and the third sun gear S3, and the second A second friction element (second clutch C2) that selectively connects between the ring gear R2 and the second rotating member M2, and selectively between the first sun gear S1 and the third sun gear S3. A third friction element (third clutch C3) coupled to the first rotation member M1 and the front A fourth friction element (fourth clutch C4) that selectively connects the third sun gear S3 and a fifth friction element (first brake B1) that can lock the rotation of the second sun gear S2. And a sixth friction element (second brake B2) capable of locking the rotation of the second rotation member M2, and among the six friction elements, at least by a combination of three simultaneous engagements, It was set as the structure which achieves 8 forward speeds and 1 reverse speed.
For this reason, while achieving eight forward speeds with three planetary six friction elements, it is advantageous in terms of gear efficiency, gear noise, durability reliability, and cost, and by reducing friction loss, Improvements can be made.

(2) Of the six friction elements, the first friction element (first clutch C1) and the third friction element (third clutch C3) are at least in the eighth forward speed by the combination of three simultaneous engagements. The first speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the sixth friction element (second brake B2), the third friction element (third clutch C3), and the fifth friction element (first brake B1). A second speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the sixth friction element (second brake B2), the first friction element (first clutch C1), the third friction element (third clutch C3), and the Third speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the fifth friction element (first brake B1), the third friction element (third clutch C3), the fourth friction element (fourth clutch C4), and the second speed 4th speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of 5 friction elements (first brake B1), A second speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the second friction element (second clutch C2), the third friction element (third clutch C3), and the fifth friction element (first brake B1); A sixth speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the second friction element (second clutch C2), the third friction element (third clutch C3), and the fourth friction element (fourth clutch C4), and the second The seventh speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the friction element (second clutch C2), the fourth friction element (fourth clutch C4), and the fifth friction element (first brake B1), and the first friction An eighth speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the element (first clutch C1), the second friction element (second clutch C2), and the fifth friction element (first brake B1) was adopted.
For this reason, the shift to the adjacent stage is achieved by the single replacement by fastening one friction element and releasing one friction element, which is advantageous in that the shift control is simplified. In addition, the RC value can be set so as to reach a required value for achieving both the start performance at the lowest gear ratio and the high speed fuel consumption at the highest gear ratio while maintaining an appropriate gear ratio. In addition, even if a two-step jump gear shift command between the seventh speed and the fourth speed is output, the gear shift can be achieved by a single crossover.

(3) Of the six friction elements, the first reverse speed achieved by the combination of three simultaneous engagements is the fourth friction element (fourth clutch C4) and the fifth friction element (first brake B1). And the sixth friction element (second brake B2).
Therefore, the reverse gear ratio evaluation value (= reverse gear ratio / 1st gear ratio) can be set to a value near 1 even if a gear ratio that achieves an appropriate RC value and interstage ratio is selected. As a result, it is possible to prevent a difference in driving force when switching between forward and backward travel, and it is possible to ensure reverse start acceleration and climbing performance.

  As mentioned above, although the automatic transmission of this invention has been demonstrated based on Example 1, it is not restricted to this Example 1 about a concrete structure, The summary of the invention which concerns on each claim of a claim As long as they do not deviate, design changes and additions are permitted.

  In the first embodiment, the gear ratio ρ1 of the first planetary gear PG1, the gear ratio ρ2 of the second planetary gear PG2, and the gear ratio ρ3 of the third planetary gear PG3 are respectively set to suitable values. showed that. However, the gear ratios ρ1, ρ2, and ρ3 of the planetary gears PG1, PG2, and PG3 are values within a range in which the gear ratio can be set, so that a gear ratio with a high RC value and an appropriate interstage ratio are obtained. As long as it is set, the specific value is not limited to the value of the first embodiment.

  In the first embodiment, an example of an automatic transmission applied to an FR engine vehicle having an input / output shaft coaxially arranged is shown. The present invention can also be applied as an automatic transmission for various vehicles.

PG1 first planetary gear
PG2 Second planetary gear
PG3 3rd planetary gear
IN input shaft
OUT output shaft
M1 First rotating member
M2 Second rotating member
C1 First clutch (first friction element)
C2 Second clutch (second friction element)
C3 3rd clutch (3rd friction element)
C4 4th clutch (4th friction element)
B1 First brake (fifth friction element)
B2 Second brake (sixth friction element)
TC transmission case

Claims (3)

A first planetary gear comprising a first sun gear, a first ring gear, and a first carrier that supports the first sun gear and the first double pinion meshing with the first ring gear;
A second planetary gear comprising a second sun gear, a second ring gear, and a second carrier that supports the second sun gear and a second single pinion meshing with the second ring gear;
A third planetary gear comprising a third sun gear, a third ring gear, a third carrier that supports the third sun gear and a third single pinion that meshes with the third ring gear;
6 friction elements,
In an automatic transmission capable of shifting to at least a forward 8-speed gear stage by appropriately fastening and releasing the six friction elements and outputting torque from the input shaft to the output shaft,
The input shaft is always connected to the second ring gear,
The output shaft is always connected to the third ring gear,
The first carrier and the second carrier are always connected to form a first rotating member;
The first ring gear and the third carrier are always connected to form a second rotating member,
The six friction elements are:
A first friction element that selectively connects between the second sun gear and the third sun gear;
A second friction element that selectively connects between the second ring gear and the second rotating member;
A third friction element that selectively connects between the first sun gear and the third sun gear;
A fourth friction element that selectively connects between the first rotating member and the third sun gear;
A fifth friction element capable of locking the rotation of the second sun gear;
A sixth friction element capable of locking the rotation of the second rotating member ;
Composed of
An automatic transmission characterized in that at least eight forward speeds and one reverse speed are achieved by a combination of three simultaneous engagements among the six friction elements. The automatic transmission according to claim 1, wherein
Among the six friction elements, at least eight forward speeds are achieved by a combination of three simultaneous fastenings.
A first speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the first friction element, the third friction element, and the sixth friction element;
A second speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the third friction element, the fifth friction element and the sixth friction element;
A third speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the first friction element, the third friction element, and the fifth friction element;
A fourth speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the third friction element, the fourth friction element, and the fifth friction element;
A fifth speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the second friction element, the third friction element, and the fifth friction element;
A sixth speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the second friction element, the third friction element, and the fourth friction element;
A seventh speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the second friction element, the fourth friction element, and the fifth friction element;
An eighth speed achieved by simultaneous engagement of the first friction element, the second friction element, and the fifth friction element;
An automatic transmission characterized by comprising: In the automatic transmission according to claim 1 or 2,
Of the six friction elements, the first reverse speed achieved by a combination of three simultaneous engagements is achieved by simultaneous engagement of the fourth friction element, the fifth friction element, and the sixth friction element. Automatic transmission featured.

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