JP5040361B2 - Fuel gasification equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel gasification facility.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, development of a fuel gasification facility that generates a gasification gas using a solid fuel such as coal, biomass, waste plastic, or various hydrated wastes as a fuel has been advanced.

  6 and 7 show an example of a conventional fuel gasification facility. The fuel gasification facility has a fluid medium (eg, sand, limestone, etc.) using steam and a reaction gas for flow such as air or oxygen. A gasification furnace 2 that generates gasified gas and combustible solids by gasifying solid fuel (coal, biomass, etc.) that is input after forming the fluidized bed 1, and is generated in the gasifier 2. Combustion furnace 5 in which a combustible solid content is introduced from an introduction pipe 3 together with a fluid medium and a fluidized bed 4 is formed by a reaction gas for flow to burn the combustible solid content. Generated in the gasification furnace 2, and a medium separation device 8 such as a hot cyclone that separates the fluidized medium from the exhaust gas introduced through the exhaust gas and supplies the separated fluidized medium to the gasification furnace 2 through the downcomer 7. Hot separating the fluidized medium from the gasified gas A medium separating device 9, such as a cyclone, has provided comprising constituting a collecting container 10 for collecting the fluidized medium separated by said medium separating device 9.

  In FIGS. 6 and 7, 11 is a dispersion plate for uniformly blowing steam introduced into the bottom of the gasification furnace 2 and flowing reaction gas into the fluidized bed 1, and 12 is the inside of the gasification furnace 2. A partition wall for preventing the fluid medium in the fluidized bed 1 from flowing out directly to the introduction pipe 3 by covering the part to which the introduction pipe 3 is connected in such a way that only the lower part is opened; Reference numeral 14 ′ denotes a fuel supply pipe connected to a position higher than the upper surface of the fluidized bed 1 on the side surface of the gasification furnace 2. .

  In the fuel gasification facility as described above, in the gasification furnace 2, the fluidized bed 1 is formed by the reaction gas for flow such as steam and air or oxygen, and solid fuel such as coal and biomass is supplied to the fuel here. When introduced from the pipe 14 ', the solid fuel is partially oxidized and gasified to produce gasified gas and combustible solids, and the combustible solids produced in the gasification furnace 2 are introduced together with the fluidized medium. From the pipe 3, it is introduced into the combustion furnace 5 in which the fluidized bed 4 is formed by the reaction gas for flow, the combustible solid content is burned, and the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace 5 passes through the exhaust pipe 6 Introduced into a medium separator 8 such as a hot cyclone, in the medium separator 8, the fluid medium is separated from the exhaust gas, and the separated fluid medium is returned to the gasifier 2 via the downcomer 7, Circulated.

Here, the inside of the gasification furnace 2 is maintained at a high temperature in the presence of steam supplied to the bottom of the gasification furnace 2 or moisture evaporated from the solid fuel itself, and is generated by pyrolysis of the solid fuel. When gas or its residual fuel reacts with steam, water gasification reaction [C + H ₂ O = H ₂ + CO] or hydrogen conversion reaction [CO + H ₂ O = H ₂ + CO ₂ ] occurs, and H ₂ , CO, etc. A combustible gasification gas is produced.

  The gasified gas generated in the gasification furnace 2 is separated into a fluid medium by a medium separator 9 such as a hot cyclone, and the fluid medium separated by the medium separator 9 is recovered in a recovery container 10.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an apparatus configuration similar to the fuel gasification facility shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
JP 2006-207947 A

By the way, when gasifying a solid fuel inside the gasification furnace 2, tar and lower hydrocarbon gas are always generated, and reforming is performed by the tar and lower hydrocarbon gas coming into contact with the fluidized medium. It is converted into gasification gas such as H ₂ or CO, but the solid fuel is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 ′ onto the fluidized bed 1 of the gasification furnace 2 as in the conventional example shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. When supplying, fine particles of the solid fuel are scattered and contact with the fluid medium is not sufficiently performed, so that the thermal decomposition of the solid fuel becomes difficult to complete, and the amount of gas heat obtained, that is, the cold gas efficiency is lowered. The conversion rate and H conversion rate were disadvantageous in that they could not be so high.

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention can be sufficiently brought into contact with the fluid medium without scattering the fine particles of the solid fuel, reliably complete the thermal decomposition of the solid fuel, improve the cold gas efficiency, and C An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel gasification facility capable of improving the conversion rate and the H conversion rate and reforming tar in the gasification gas.

The present invention comprises a gasification furnace that forms a fluidized bed of a fluidized medium with a fluidizing reaction gas and gasifies a solid fuel that is input to generate a gasified gas and a combustible solid content.
A downcomer erected to supply a fluidized medium from above the gasifier to the bottom of the fluidized bed;
A fuel supply pipe connected to a position lower than the upper surface of the fluidized bed on the gasifier side surface and supplying solid fuel into the fluidized bed;
Merging promotion means for placing the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed on the flow of the fluidized medium supplied from the downcomer to the bottom of the fluidized bed ;
The gasification furnace side surface forms a part of the downcomer and the fuel supply pipe is connected to the lower end of the downcomer so as to constitute the merging promotion means . It depends on the equipment.

  According to the above means, the following operation can be obtained.

  When configured as described above, as compared with the case of supplying solid fuel from the fuel supply pipe onto the fluidized bed of the gasification furnace as in the conventional example, the solid fuel fine particles are sufficiently in contact with the fluid medium without scattering. In addition, the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed by the confluence promoting means rides on the flow of the fluidized medium supplied from the downcomer to the bottom of the fluidized bed and diffuses throughout the fluidized bed. Therefore, the thermal decomposition of the solid fuel is reliably completed, the amount of gas heat obtained, that is, the efficiency of cold gas is increased, the C conversion rate and the H conversion rate are also increased, and the tar reforming in the gasification gas is further improved. Is possible.

In the fuel gasification facility, the merging promoting means is configured by forming a side surface of the gasification furnace to form a part of the downcomer and connecting a fuel supply pipe to a lower end of the downcomer. are therefore put reliably solid fuel in the downward flow of the fluidized medium in the downcomer, it becomes possible to diffuse throughout the fluidized bed.

The present invention also includes a gasification furnace that forms a fluidized bed of a fluidized medium with a fluidizing reaction gas and gasifies a solid fuel that is input to generate a gasified gas and a combustible solid content.
A downcomer erected to supply a fluidized medium from above the gasifier to the bottom of the fluidized bed;
A fuel supply pipe connected to a position lower than the upper surface of the fluidized bed on the gasifier side surface and supplying solid fuel into the fluidized bed;
Merging facilitating means for placing the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed on the flow of the fluidized medium supplied from the downcomer to the bottom of the fluidized bed;
With
A fuel gas characterized in that the confluence promoting means is formed by forming an inclined surface at the bottom of the gasification furnace for guiding the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed in the vicinity of the lower end of the downcomer. In this way, the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed is guided to the vicinity of the lower end of the downcomer along the inclined surface, and from the downcomer to the fluidized bed. It diffuses throughout the fluidized bed together with the fluid medium fed to the bottom.

Furthermore , the present invention provides a gasification furnace that gasifies a solid fuel that is input by forming a fluidized bed of a fluidized medium with a fluidizing reaction gas to generate a gasified gas and a combustible solid content.
A downcomer erected to supply a fluidized medium from above the gasifier to the bottom of the fluidized bed;
A fuel supply pipe connected to a position lower than the upper surface of the fluidized bed on the gasifier side surface and supplying solid fuel into the fluidized bed;
Merging facilitating means for placing the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed on the flow of the fluidized medium supplied from the downcomer to the bottom of the fluidized bed;
With
By making the depth inside the gasification furnace equal to the outer diameter of the downcomer, and making the distance between the side of the gasification furnace to which the fuel supply pipe is connected and the downcomer at least equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the fuel supply pipe, The present invention relates to a fuel gasification facility characterized in that the promotion means is configured, and in this way, the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed is a gasification furnace to which the fuel supply pipe is connected. From between the side surface and the downcomer, it is reliably guided to the lower end of the downcomer and diffuses throughout the fluidized bed together with the fluidized medium supplied from the downcomer to the bottom of the fluidized bed.

  According to the fuel gasification facility of the present invention, the solid fuel can be sufficiently brought into contact with the fluid medium without scattering, the solid fuel can be reliably pyrolyzed, and the cold gas efficiency can be improved. An excellent effect of improving the C conversion rate and the H conversion rate and reforming tar in the gasification gas can be achieved.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1 and 2 show a first example of an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 6 and 7 denote the same components, and the basic configuration is shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, but the feature of this illustrated example is that fuel is supplied to a position lower than the upper surface of the fluidized bed 1 on the side surface of the gasifier 2 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. A pipe 14 is connected, and the solid fuel is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 into the fluidized bed 1. The solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 into the fluidized bed 1 is supplied from the downcomer 7. It is the point which provided the confluence | merging promotion means 15 for putting on the flow of the fluid medium supplied to the fluid bed 1 inner bottom part.

  In the case of the illustrated example, the merging promoting means 15 is configured such that the side surface of the gasifier 2 forms a part of the downcomer 7 and the fuel supply pipe 14 is connected to the lower end of the downcomer 7. It is configured. 2A. As shown in FIG. 2A, the merging promoting means 15 is formed at the center in the depth direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2) of the gasification furnace 2, or FIGS. 2B and 2C. As shown in FIG. 3, the gasification furnace 2 can be formed at the corner.

  Next, the operation of the illustrated example will be described.

  As described above, when the fuel supply pipe 14 is connected to a position lower than the upper surface of the fluidized bed 1 on the side surface of the gasification furnace 2 and the solid fuel is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 into the fluidized bed 1, FIG. 7, compared with the case where the solid fuel is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 ′ onto the fluidized bed 1 of the gasification furnace 2 as in the conventional example shown in FIG. Further, the confluence promoting means 15 is configured such that the side face of the gasification furnace 2 forms part of the downcomer 7 and the fuel supply pipe 14 is connected to the lower end of the downcomer 7. Accordingly, the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 into the fluidized bed 1 surely rides the descending flow of the fluidized medium in the downcomer 7 and easily diffuses in the fluidized bed 1. Ensure that pyrolysis is complete and obtained While the increasing gas heat i.e. cold gas efficiency, that higher C conversion rate and H conversion, further, it is possible to reforming the tar in the gasified gas.

  In this way, the solid fuel can be sufficiently brought into contact with the fluid medium without being scattered, and the thermal decomposition of the solid fuel is surely completed to improve the cold gas efficiency and to improve the C conversion rate and the H conversion rate. And reforming of the tar in the gasification gas.

  FIG. 3 is a second example of an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 6 and 7 denote the same components, and the basic configuration is shown in FIGS. 7 is the same as the conventional one shown in FIG. 7, but the feature of this illustrated example is that, as shown in FIG. 3, a fuel supply pipe 14 is connected to a position lower than the upper surface of the fluidized bed 1 on the side surface of the gasification furnace 2, The inclined surface 16 is configured to supply the solid fuel from the fuel supply pipe 14 into the fluidized bed 1 and guide the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 into the fluidized bed 1 near the lower end of the downcomer 7. Is formed at the bottom of the gasification furnace 2 to constitute the merging promoting means 15.

  When configured as in the second example shown in FIG. 3, as compared with the case of supplying solid fuel from the fuel supply pipe 14 ′ onto the fluidized bed 1 of the gasification furnace 2 as in the conventional example shown in FIGS. Further, the solid fuel fine particles are in sufficient contact with the fluidized medium without being scattered, and the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 into the fluidized bed 1 is guided to the vicinity of the lower end of the downcomer 7. The solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 into the fluidized bed 1 by the merging promotion means 15 configured by forming the surface 16 at the bottom of the gasification furnace 2 flows along the inclined surface 16 to the lower end of the downcomer 7. Gas that is guided to the vicinity and diffused throughout the fluidized bed 1 together with the fluidized medium supplied from the downcomer 7 to the inner bottom of the fluidized bed 1. As a result, the pyrolysis of the solid fuel is reliably completed, and the resulting gas The amount of heat, that is, cold gas efficiency is increased, while C Be higher rates and H conversion, further, it is possible to reforming the tar in the gasified gas.

  Thus, in the case of the second example shown in FIG. 3 as well, as in the case of the first example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the solid fuel particles can be sufficiently brought into contact with the fluid medium without being scattered. It is possible to reliably complete the thermal decomposition of the fuel, improve the cold gas efficiency, improve the C conversion rate and the H conversion rate, and reform the tar in the gasification gas.

  4 and 5 show a third example of the embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 6 and 7 denote the same components, and the basic configuration is shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, but the characteristic feature of this illustrated example is that, as shown in FIG. 3, the fuel supply pipe 14 is placed at a position lower than the upper surface of the fluidized bed 1 on the side surface of the gasifier 2. The solid fuel is connected to the fluidized bed 1 from the fuel supply pipe 14, and the depth D0 in the gasification furnace 2 is made substantially equal to the outer diameter D1 of the downcomer 7, and the fuel supply pipe The merging promoting means 15 is configured by setting the distance D2 between the side surface of the gasification furnace 2 to which the gas turbine 14 is connected and the downcomer 7 to be at least the inner diameter D3 of the fuel supply pipe 14.

  In addition, although the said downcomer 7 is shown as a pipe | tube with a circular cross section in FIG. 5, it cannot be overemphasized that it is good also as a pipe | tube with a rectangular cross section as shown in FIG.

  When configured as in the third example shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the solid fuel is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 ′ onto the fluidized bed 1 of the gasification furnace 2 as in the conventional example shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Compared to the case, the solid fuel fine particles do not scatter and come into sufficient contact with the fluid medium, and the depth D0 inside the gasification furnace 2 is substantially equal to the outer diameter D1 of the downcomer 7, The fluidized bed 1 is separated from the fuel supply pipe 14 by the merging promoting means 15 configured by setting the distance D2 between the side surface of the gasification furnace 2 to which the supply pipe 14 is connected and the downcomer 7 to be at least the inner diameter D3 of the fuel supply pipe 14. The solid fuel supplied to the inside is reliably guided to the lower end of the downcomer 7 from between the side surface of the gasification furnace 2 to which the fuel supply pipe 14 is connected and the downcomer 7, and flows from the downcomer 7. Supplied to the bottom of layer 1 Diffuse throughout the fluidized bed within 1 with dynamic media.

  Thus, in the case of the third example shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, as in the case of the first example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the second example shown in FIG. 3, the solid fuel particles flow without being scattered. It is possible to make sufficient contact with the medium, reliably complete the pyrolysis of the solid fuel, improve the cold gas efficiency, improve the C conversion rate and H conversion rate, and reform the tar in the gasification gas Can be planned.

  The fuel gasification facility of the present invention is not limited to the above-described illustrated examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

It is a principal part block diagram which shows the gasification furnace in the 1st example of embodiment which implements this invention. It is the II-II cross-section equivalent figure of FIG. 1, Comprising: (a) is the example which formed the merging promotion means in the depth direction center part of a gasification furnace, (b), (c) is a merging promotion means of a gasification furnace. It is a figure which shows the example each formed in the corner | angular part. It is a principal part block diagram which shows the gasification furnace in the 2nd example of embodiment which implements this invention. It is a principal part block diagram which shows the gasification furnace in the 3rd example of embodiment which implements this invention. FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view taken along the line VV in FIG. 4. It is a whole schematic block diagram which shows an example of the conventional fuel gasification installation. It is a principal part block diagram which shows the gasification furnace in an example of the conventional fuel gasification equipment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fluidized bed 2 Gasification furnace 3 Introducing pipe 5 Combustion furnace 7 Downcomer 8 Medium separator 10 Recovery container 11 Dispersing plate 12 Partition wall 14 Fuel supply pipe 15 Confluence promotion means 16 Inclined surface D0 Depth D1 Outer diameter D2 Interval D3 Inner diameter

Claims (3)

A gasification furnace that forms a fluidized bed of a fluidized medium with a fluidizing reaction gas and gasifies a solid fuel that is input to generate a gasified gas and a combustible solid;
A downcomer erected to supply a fluidized medium from above the gasifier to the bottom of the fluidized bed;
A fuel supply pipe connected to a position lower than the upper surface of the fluidized bed on the gasifier side surface and supplying solid fuel into the fluidized bed;
Merging promotion means for placing the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed on the flow of the fluidized medium supplied from the downcomer to the bottom of the fluidized bed ;
The gasification furnace side surface forms a part of the downcomer and the fuel supply pipe is connected to the lower end of the downcomer so as to constitute the merging promotion means . Facility. A gasification furnace that forms a fluidized bed of a fluidized medium with a fluidizing reaction gas and gasifies a solid fuel that is input to generate a gasified gas and a combustible solid;
A downcomer erected to supply a fluidized medium from above the gasifier to the bottom of the fluidized bed;
A fuel supply pipe connected to a position lower than the upper surface of the fluidized bed on the gasifier side surface and supplying solid fuel into the fluidized bed;
Merging promotion means for placing the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed on the flow of the fluidized medium supplied from the downcomer to the bottom of the fluidized bed ;
A fuel characterized in that the confluence facilitating means is formed by forming an inclined surface at the bottom of the gasification furnace for guiding the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed in the vicinity of the lower end of the downcomer. Gasification equipment. A gasification furnace that forms a fluidized bed of a fluidized medium with a fluidizing reaction gas and gasifies a solid fuel that is input to generate a gasified gas and a combustible solid;
A downcomer erected to supply a fluidized medium from above the gasifier to the bottom of the fluidized bed;
A fuel supply pipe connected to a position lower than the upper surface of the fluidized bed on the gasifier side surface and supplying solid fuel into the fluidized bed;
Merging promotion means for placing the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe into the fluidized bed on the flow of the fluidized medium supplied from the downcomer to the bottom of the fluidized bed ;
By making the depth inside the gasification furnace equal to the outer diameter of the downcomer, and making the distance between the side of the gasification furnace to which the fuel supply pipe is connected and the downcomer at least equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the fuel supply pipe, A fuel gasification facility characterized by comprising a promotion means .

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