JP5037161B2 - Cyclone-type solid-gas separator and carbonization apparatus equipped with the solid-gas separator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cyclone type solid gas separator disposed on an exhaust gas outlet side of a carbonization furnace and a carbonization apparatus including the solid gas separator, and in particular, a heater is disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the solid gas separator. The present invention relates to a cyclone solid-gas separator having a heat retaining function and a carbonization apparatus including the solid-gas separator.

Generally, in a carbonization apparatus, a pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization in a carbonization furnace is burned in a gas combustion furnace or the like to generate a high-temperature combustion gas, and this combustion gas is used as a heating heat source or a boiler heat source for the carbonization furnace. We use effectively.
An example of a conventional carbonization apparatus is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, a furnace main body 51 that performs carbonization by heating in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere while transferring an object to be processed, and supply of the object to be processed disposed on one end side of the furnace main body 51 An apparatus 52, a carbonization furnace outlet chamber 53 disposed on the other end side, a screw conveyor 54 disposed below the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 53, for conveying discharged carbide, and discharged from the furnace And a gas combustion furnace 55 for introducing a pyrolysis gas and burning the pyrolysis gas to generate a high-temperature combustion gas.

Here, the pyrolysis gas discharged from the carbonization furnace contains fine powdered carbide and ash accompanying the gas, and there is a problem that it adheres to the gas combustion furnace wall as a clinker or the like. Further, in order to efficiently recover the carbide, it is necessary to separate the fine powdered carbide accompanying the gas.
Therefore, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-43587) and the like, the pyrolysis gas generated from the carbonization furnace is supplied to the gas combustion furnace via the cyclone, and the pyrolysis gas is generated by the cyclone. The fine powdered carbides contained in are separated.

However, in such a carbonization apparatus, since the carbonization temperature is relatively low, 400 to 600 ° C., the pyrolysis gas contains a large amount of tar, and the pyrolysis gas is cooled by heat dissipation in a cyclone and a pyrolysis gas duct. If this is done, the tar content may condense and adhere to each part together with dust and the like, causing clogging.
On the other hand, in patent document 2 (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2006-8736), the carbonization furnace is installed leaving a combustion space in a combustion furnace, and the pyrolysis gas from a carbonization furnace is directly introduce | transduced into a combustion furnace. Proposed configuration. According to this, by eliminating the pipe connecting the carbonization furnace and the combustion furnace, the pipe is prevented from being blocked by tar or dust contained in the pyrolysis gas.

  In addition, when tar contained in the pyrolysis gas adheres to the cyclone, there is a risk of ignition if there is an air leak from the cyclone or other equipment. Further, in the carbide discharge facility located below the carbonization furnace outlet chamber, high-temperature carbide (400 to 550 ° C.) is discharged, so cooling with a conveyor is necessary, and a water-cooled conveyor or the like is also employed. When the conveying distance on the conveyor is short, the carbide is not sufficiently cooled, and there is a risk of ignition due to air leaks.

JP 2004-43587 A JP 2006-8736 A

As described above, the pyrolysis gas discharged from the carbonization furnace contains tar, soot and the like, and in order to separate these from the gas, a cyclone may be disposed as in Patent Document 1, In this case, since the operating temperature of the carbonization apparatus is low, the tar content may condense and adhere to the cyclone or piping together with dust and the like and may be clogged.
Further, according to the apparatus of Patent Document 2, since the carbonization furnace is disposed in the combustion furnace and the piping is eliminated, the blockage can be avoided, but the pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization furnace All are combusted in the combustion furnace, and there is a problem that operation control such as the temperature of the carbonization furnace cannot be performed appropriately.

Another problem is that tar and carbide discharge facilities attached to the cyclone may ignite due to air leaks.
Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention prevents tar and dust contained in the pyrolysis gas from solidifying and clogging the cyclone and piping, and the tar and carbide adhering to these leaks. An object of the present invention is to provide a cyclone-type solid-gas separator that is prevented from being ignited by air and a carbonization apparatus including the solid-gas separator.

Therefore, in order to solve the problem, the present invention provides a cyclone solid-gas separator disposed on a gas flow path connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet of a carbonization furnace.
A purge gas supply device that includes a heater that heats and heats the cyclone solid-gas separator from the outside, and that supplies a purge gas made of an inert gas or steam to a narrow area whose cross-sectional shape is narrowed by the solid-gas separator It is provided with.

If a solid-gas separator is installed on the pyrolysis gas outlet side of the carbonization furnace to reduce the adhesion of clinker in the gas combustion furnace and effectively recover the carbide, the pyrolysis gas becomes easier to cool and the solid-gas separator is blocked. It becomes easy. Therefore, as in the present invention, by keeping the solid-gas separator warm and heated, precipitation of tar in the pyrolysis gas can be prevented and clogging can be prevented. Further, this solid-gas separator has a plurality of narrow regions having a narrow cross-sectional shape, and these narrow regions are likely to catch fire because tar is likely to adhere to them and air easily leaks. Therefore, in the present invention, the narrow region is supplied with a purge gas made of an inert gas or water vapor, thereby preventing ignition and cooling the narrow region.
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the solid-gas separator from being lowered in temperature or locally heated, and maintained at an appropriate temperature, thereby preventing clogging and preventing ignition.

Further, a thermometer for measuring a gas outlet temperature of the cyclone type solid gas separator is installed, and the purge gas supply device controls the supply amount of the purge gas based on the measured temperature.
In the present invention, if a temperature rise is detected suddenly by the thermometer, it is determined that ignition has occurred inside the solid-gas separator due to air leakage, and purge gas is supplied. Thereby, it is possible to detect the ignition reliably and eliminate it.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that an occlusion solution removing means for physically removing the attached clinker is provided in a narrow area of the cyclone solid-gas separator.
This prevents the narrow area where the clinker is likely to adhere and prevents smooth operation.

Furthermore, the cyclone type solid-gas separator has a carbide conveying conveyor disposed below the solid-gas separator, and a thermometer is installed on the carbide conveying conveyor, and measurement is performed with the thermometer. The presence or absence of blockage of the solid-gas separator is detected based on the measured temperature.
When the solid-gas separator is blocked, the temperature measured by the thermometer is lowered because the high-temperature carbide is not supplied. Therefore, by measuring the temperature of the carbide conveyor, it can be determined that the cyclone is blocked when the temperature is lowered, and thus it is possible to immediately cope with the blockage.

Also, a carbonization apparatus equipped with a cyclone type solid gas separator,
A carbonization furnace main body for carbonizing an object to be processed; and a carbonization furnace outlet chamber provided on one end side of the carbonization furnace main body and having a pyrolysis gas outlet and a carbide outlet. The pyrolysis gas outlet and the cyclone-type solid body are provided. The gas separator has a configuration connected via a pipe,
The inner wall of the carbonization furnace outlet chamber has a fireproof structure.
Since the pyrolysis gas temperature in the carbonization furnace outlet chamber is usually 550 ° C or less, it can be constructed with SUS material. However, if air leaks, the pyrolysis gas will burn and become hot, so there is a risk of burning or deformation. There is. Therefore, problems such as burnout and deformation can be avoided by providing the inside of the carbonization furnace outlet chamber with a fireproof structure as in the present invention.

As described above, according to the present invention, tar and dust contained in the pyrolysis gas are solidified to prevent the cyclone solid-gas separator and piping from being clogged, and tar and carbide adhering thereto are leaked. It can prevent ignition by air.
That is, while providing a heater to keep the cyclone-type solid-gas separator warm, and supplying purge gas to the narrow area of the solid-gas separator, tar deposition in the pyrolysis gas is prevented and clogging is prevented. In addition, it is possible to prevent ignition in a narrow area.
Further, by controlling the supply amount of the purge gas based on the gas outlet temperature of the solid-gas separator, it is possible to reliably detect the ignition and eliminate it.
In addition, by providing a clogging solution removal means that physically removes the attached clinker in the narrow area of the solid-gas separator, it is possible to prevent clogging of the narrow area where the clinker tends to adhere and to enable smooth operation. Yes.
Furthermore, by measuring the temperature of the carbide conveying conveyor and detecting the presence or absence of blockage based on the temperature, it is possible to immediately cope with the blockage.
Further, by making the inner wall of the carbonization furnace outlet chamber into a fireproof structure, problems such as burning and deformation of the carbonization furnace outlet chamber can be avoided.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, but are merely illustrative examples. Not too much.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a carbonization apparatus equipped with a cyclone according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the solid-gas separator shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, a carbonization apparatus 1 includes a carbonization furnace main body 2 to which an object to be processed such as waste is supplied, and an object to be processed including a charging hopper 5 and a screw feeder 6 provided on one end side of the furnace main body. A material supply device, a carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7 provided on the other end side, a screw conveyor 8 connected to the lower side of the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7, and heat extended from above the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7 A cracked gas pipe 9, a cyclone solid-gas separator (hereinafter referred to as a cyclone) 10 connected to the pipe 9, a screw conveyor 18 connected to the lower part of the cyclone 10, and an upper part of the cyclone 10 The separated gas pipe 19 and the gas combustion furnace 20 connected to the pipe 19 are the main components.

The carbonization furnace main body 2 has a horizontal cylindrical shape, an inner cylinder 4 that forms a space for carbonizing a workpiece, and an outer cylinder that is disposed so as to cover the inner cylinder 4 and through which a heat medium flows. 3. In addition, although the carbonization furnace 2 in a present Example has shown the furnace of the external heating type rotary kiln type as an example, it is not limited to a thing of an external heating type rotary kiln type, An internal combustion type, a fluidized bed type, or a screw type may be sufficient. .
In the carbonization apparatus 1, the workpiece 21 supplied from the charging hopper 5 is supplied into the furnace body 2 through the screw feeder 6, and the workpiece 21 is transferred in one direction in the furnace body 2. And carbonized by heating at about 300 to 600 ° C. in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. At this time, the object to be processed in the furnace body 2 is heated by the combustion gas 22 supplied into the outer cylinder 3. Then, the carbide falls on the screw conveyor 8 in the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7 and is conveyed to the carbide storage part by the screw conveyor 8.

  On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization treatment is introduced into the cyclone 10 through the pipe 9 from above the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7. In the cyclone 10, fine powdered carbides and dust are separated from the gas by the action of centrifugal force, and conveyed from below the cyclone to the carbide reservoir through the screw conveyor 18. The separated gas from which the solids have been separated and removed by the cyclone 10 is sent to the gas combustion furnace 20 through the pipe 19. In the gas combustion furnace 20, combustion air, auxiliary fuel, and the like are supplied as necessary, and the separated gas is burned to generate high-temperature combustion gas. This combustion gas 22 is supplied to the outer cylinder 2 of the carbonization furnace main body 2 and used for heating the workpiece.

Further, in this embodiment, tar and dust contained in the pyrolysis gas are solidified to prevent the cyclone and piping from being blocked, and tar and carbide adhering to these are prevented from being ignited by leak air. As a configuration, the following configuration is provided.
A heater 35 is installed outside the peripheral wall of the cyclone 10 to heat and keep the inside of the cyclone. A heater 36 is also installed in the pipe 19 connecting the cyclone 10 and the gas combustion furnace 20 to heat and keep the inside of the pipe.

  The heater 35 is provided with a thermometer 33 that measures the exhaust gas outlet side temperature of the cyclone 10, and is controlled so that the gas temperature measured by the thermometer 33 becomes a predetermined temperature. The heater 36 is provided with a thermometer 34 for measuring the gas temperature immediately before the gas combustion furnace, and is controlled so that the gas temperature measured by the thermometer 33 becomes a predetermined temperature. At this time, it is preferable to control the heaters 35 and 36 so that the gas temperature measured by the thermometers 33 and 34 is 450 to 550 ° C. Moreover, it is preferable to install the thermometer 30 also in the piping 9 between the carbonization furnace main body 2 and the cyclone 10, and the temperature measured here is good also as a guideline of various controls.

  In the present embodiment, by installing the cyclone 10, it becomes possible to reduce clinker adhesion in the gas combustion furnace 20 and to effectively recover carbides. However, since the pyrolysis gas is easily cooled by the installation of the cyclone 20, by installing the heaters 35 and 36 in the cyclone 20 and the pipe 19 as described above, precipitation of tar in the pyrolysis gas is prevented and clogging is prevented. Can be prevented.

  Here, a specific configuration of the cyclone will be described with reference to FIG. The cyclone 10 includes a cylindrical portion 11 whose upper surface is covered, an inverted conical cone portion 12 connected to a lower portion of the cylindrical portion 11, and a dust pot 14 installed at a lower end of the cone portion 12. , And a horizontal screw conveyor 18 connected to the dust pot 14 via a pipe. It is preferable to increase the outlet diameter and set the lower gradient of the dust pot to 60 ° or more because there is a risk of clogging of carbides at the dust pot outlet.

The cyclone 10 has a plurality of narrow regions whose cross-sectional shapes are narrower than others. For example, there are a joint 13 between the cone 13 and the dust pot 14, a joint between the dust pot 14 and piping, a screw conveyor 18, a gas outlet 17 at the top of the cyclone, and the like. These narrow areas have a high risk of catching fire because tar easily adheres and air easily leaks, and the cyclone may burn out.
Therefore, in this embodiment, a purge gas supply device 25 that supplies a purge gas made of an inert gas or water vapor is installed in these narrow areas to prevent ignition. The purge gas also has a cooling effect.
Here, when an inert gas is used as the purge gas, N ₂ gas is preferably used. The inert gas may be at normal temperature or heated to be a high temperature gas. However, a normal temperature gas is preferable because the cooling effect is enhanced in addition to the ignition prevention effect. When steam is used as the purge gas, steam recovered from the system is preferably used, for example, steam at 160 ° C. and 10 ata.

Moreover, it is preferable to supply this purge gas also to the screw conveyor 8 installed under the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7.
Further, the purge gas supply amount is controlled based on the temperature measured by the thermometer 33 installed at the gas outlet of the cyclone 10. That is, if a sudden temperature rise is detected by the thermometer 33, it is determined that ignition has occurred inside the cyclone due to air leakage, and purge gas is supplied.

In the present embodiment, the narrow area portion is provided with an occlusion releasing means. An air knocker 37 or a block release seat 38 can be applied as the block release means. The air knocker 37 has a configuration that applies vibration to the device by discharging compressed air at a stroke, and a known device is used. The closing release seat 38 is provided with a freely openable / closable seat at the lower part of the cyclone 10 and the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7. To be removed.
Of the seats installed in each part, including the closure release seat 38, seats that are likely to be frequently opened and closed preferably employ a socket with a spring trillion cover to prevent forgetting to close. As a result, even when the seat is forgotten to be closed, the lid is automatically closed to prevent air leakage.

Moreover, the thermometer 32 is installed in the screw conveyor 18 below the cyclone 10, the temperature of the carbide | carbonized_material falling from the cyclone 10 is measured, and it is set as the structure which detects the obstruction | occlusion of the cyclone 10 based on this measured temperature. When the cyclone 10 is closed, the high-temperature carbide is not supplied, so the temperature measured by the thermometer 32 decreases. Therefore, the conveyor temperature is measured by the thermometer 32, and it is determined that the cyclone is closed when a temperature drop occurs.
Similarly, a thermometer 31 is also installed on the screw conveyor 8 below the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7, and the thermometer 31 detects blockage.
When blockage is detected by these thermometers 31 and 32, the clinker is removed by the blockage release means as described above to remove the blockage.

  Furthermore, the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7 has a refractory material lining structure because it is particularly easily deformed due to an abnormal temperature rise such as combustion due to air leakage. Since the pyrolysis gas temperature in the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7 is usually 550 ° C. or less, it can be constructed with SUS material. There is a fear. Therefore, by setting the inside of the carbonization furnace outlet chamber 7 as a refractory lining structure as in the present embodiment, problems such as burnout and deformation can be avoided.

  The present invention can prevent ignition of tar and carbide adhering to leaked air without clogging the cyclone or piping, and enables safe continuous operation. It can be suitably applied to various carbonization apparatuses.

It is a block diagram of the carbonization apparatus provided with the cyclone which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is an enlarged view of the cyclone shown in FIG. It is a block diagram of the conventional carbonization apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbonization apparatus 2 Carbonization furnace main body 7 Carbonization furnace exit chamber 8, 18 Screw conveyor 10 Cyclone type solid gas separator (cyclone)
20 Gas Combustion Furnace 25 Purge Gas Supply Device 35, 36 Heater 37 Air Knocker 38 Closure Release Seat 30-34 Thermometer

Claims (5)

In the cyclone type solid gas separator disposed on the gas flow path connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet of the carbonization furnace,
A purge gas supply device that includes a heater that heats and heats the cyclone solid-gas separator from the outside, and that supplies a purge gas made of an inert gas or steam to a narrow area whose cross-sectional shape is narrowed by the solid-gas separator A cyclone type solid-gas separator characterized by comprising:   The thermometer which measures the gas exit temperature of the said cyclone type solid gas separator is installed, The supply amount of the said purge gas is controlled by the said purge gas supply apparatus based on the measured temperature. The cyclone type solid-gas separator as described.   3. The cyclone solid-gas separator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a clogging solution removing means for physically removing the attached clinker in a narrow area of the cyclone solid-gas separator.   The cyclone type solid-gas separator has a carbide conveyance conveyor disposed below the solid-gas separator, and a thermometer is installed on the carbide conveyance conveyor, and the temperature measured by the thermometer is set. The cyclone solid-gas separator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the presence or absence of blockage of the solid-gas separator is detected based on the cyclone type gas-solid separator. A carbonization apparatus comprising the cyclone type solid gas separator according to claim 1,
A carbonization furnace main body for carbonizing an object to be processed; and a carbonization furnace outlet chamber provided on one end side of the carbonization furnace main body and having a pyrolysis gas outlet and a carbide outlet. The pyrolysis gas outlet and the cyclone-type solid body are provided. The gas separator has a configuration connected via a pipe,
A carbonization apparatus provided with a solid-gas separator, wherein the inner wall of the carbonization furnace outlet chamber has a fireproof structure.

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