JP5036960B2 - Softening device - Google Patents
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- JP5036960B2 JP5036960B2 JP2004128308A JP2004128308A JP5036960B2 JP 5036960 B2 JP5036960 B2 JP 5036960B2 JP 2004128308 A JP2004128308 A JP 2004128308A JP 2004128308 A JP2004128308 A JP 2004128308A JP 5036960 B2 JP5036960 B2 JP 5036960B2
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本発明は、軟化装置に関する。さらに詳しくは、原水中の硬度成分を除去して軟水を取出す軟化装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a softening device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a softening device that removes hardness components from raw water and takes out soft water.
従来より広く普及している軟化装置は、イオン交換樹脂を用いた硬度成分除去部を有する樹脂塔と、該樹脂塔へ原水を導入する原水導入配管と、前記樹脂塔から軟水を取り出す採水配管と、前記樹脂塔内の硬度成分除去部から測定水を塔外に取り出す測定水配管と、取り出した測定水の硬度を測定する硬度測定装置と、測定した硬度の値が基準値を超えるとイオン交換樹脂を再生する再生手段とから構成され、原水中の硬度を除去するようになっている。 The softening devices that have been widely used in the past include a resin tower having a hardness component removing unit using an ion exchange resin, a raw water introduction pipe for introducing raw water into the resin tower, and a water sampling pipe for taking out soft water from the resin tower. A measuring water pipe for taking out the measuring water from the hardness component removing portion in the resin tower, a hardness measuring device for measuring the hardness of the taken out measuring water, and an ion when the measured hardness value exceeds a reference value It is comprised from the reproduction | regeneration means which reproduces | regenerates exchange resin, and removes the hardness in raw | natural water.
前記従来の軟化装置において、イオン交換樹脂は、樹脂内のナトリウムイオンと原水内のカルシウムイオンやマグネシウムイオンを置換することで、原水内の硬度成分を取り込むものであり、硬度成分を一定量取り込むと、それ以上は硬度成分の除去を行うことができなくなる。そのため、イオン交換樹脂が採水限界に到達し、硬度成分の除去能力がなくなった場合には、イオン交換樹脂層へ塩水を供給して樹脂の再生を行う必要がある。 In the conventional softening device, the ion exchange resin takes in the hardness component in the raw water by substituting the sodium ion in the resin with the calcium ion or magnesium ion in the raw water. Further, the hardness component cannot be removed. Therefore, when the ion exchange resin reaches the water sampling limit and the ability to remove the hardness component is lost, it is necessary to regenerate the resin by supplying salt water to the ion exchange resin layer.
一般に、イオン交換樹脂の再生が遅れると軟水として取り出したはずの水の硬度が高くなっている、いわゆる硬度リークが発生する。硬度リークが発生すると、軟水供給先へ影響を与えるため、採水限界到達前に再生を行う必要があるが、再生を早くしすぎても塩水が無駄になるため、再生時期を正確に検出することが望まれている。そこで、採水配管を流れる軟水の硬度を測定しておき、軟水の硬度上昇を検出すると再生を実施しているが、この場合は硬度リークが発生した後で再生を行うことになるので、硬度リークを完全に無くすことはできない。 In general, when the regeneration of the ion exchange resin is delayed, the hardness of water that should have been taken out as soft water increases, so-called hardness leak occurs. If a hardness leak occurs, it will affect the soft water supply destination, so it is necessary to regenerate before reaching the sampling limit. However, salt water is wasted even if the regeneration is made too early, so the regeneration time is accurately detected. It is hoped that. Therefore, the hardness of the soft water flowing through the water sampling pipe is measured, and regeneration is performed when an increase in the hardness of the soft water is detected. In this case, regeneration is performed after a hardness leak occurs. The leak cannot be eliminated completely.
上記問題点を解決するため、軟化装置の樹脂塔中より測定水をサンプリングするサンプリング機構を有し、サンプリングした測定水の硬度を検出することで、硬度リーク発生前にイオン交換樹脂の能力低下を検出することが考えられた（特許文献１）。かかる軟化装置にあっては、測定水のサンプリング箇所よりも下流側の樹脂塔中になお所定量のイオン交換樹脂が存在する。そのため、該測定水から所定値以上の硬度成分が検出され始めた段階では、サンプリング箇所の下流側のイオン交換樹脂に硬度除去能力が残っており、この時点で再生を行うことにより、硬度成分のリークを防止することができる。 In order to solve the above problems, it has a sampling mechanism that samples the measured water from the resin tower of the softening device, and detects the hardness of the sampled measured water, thereby reducing the capacity of the ion exchange resin before the hardness leak occurs. It was considered to detect (Patent Document 1). In such a softening device, a predetermined amount of ion exchange resin still exists in the resin tower downstream of the sampling location of the measurement water. For this reason, at the stage where a hardness component of a predetermined value or more starts to be detected from the measured water, the hardness of the ion exchange resin on the downstream side of the sampling location still has a hardness removal capability. Leakage can be prevented.
測定水の硬度上昇後に取り出すことのできる軟水量は、測定水取り出し位置より下流側に存在するイオン交換樹脂量に応じて定まり、下流側のイオン交換樹脂量が少なすぎると硬度リークのおそれが生じ、逆に量が多すぎると有効に利用されないイオン交換樹脂が多くなるので再生頻度が高くなる。そこで、硬度リークを起こすことなく、最適な時期に再生を実施するために必要なイオン交換樹脂量を求め、測定水取り出し位置より下流側に適切な量のイオン交換樹脂が残るように、測定水取り出し位置を定めていた。しかしながら実際には、測定水の硬度上昇は検出されていないのに、硬度リークが発生することがあった。なぜならば、軟水を取り出していない時に測定水を取り出すことがあり、その場合の測定水硬度は正しくない値が測定されるため、正しい予知が行えなかったのである。 The amount of soft water that can be removed after increasing the hardness of the measured water is determined according to the amount of ion exchange resin present downstream from the measured water removal position. If the amount of ion exchange resin on the downstream side is too small, there is a risk of hardness leakage. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the number of ion exchange resins that are not effectively used increases, and the regeneration frequency increases. Therefore, the amount of ion exchange resin required to perform regeneration at an optimal time without causing a hardness leak is obtained, and the measurement water is left so that an appropriate amount of ion exchange resin remains downstream from the measurement water removal position. The take-out position was determined. In practice, however, a hardness leak may occur although no increase in the hardness of the measured water has been detected. This is because the measured water may be taken out when the soft water is not taken out, and the measured water hardness in that case is measured with an incorrect value, so that a correct prediction could not be made.
本発明は上記事情に鑑み、硬度リークを起こさずに再生時期を正確に検出することができる軟化装置を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a softening device capable of accurately detecting a reproduction time without causing a hardness leak.
第１発明の軟化装置は、イオン交換樹脂を用いた硬度成分除去部を有する樹脂塔と、該樹脂塔の上部から原水を導入する原水導入配管と、前記樹脂塔の下部の軟水を取り出す採水配管と、前記樹脂塔内の硬度成分除去部内であり、かつ前記採水配管の取出し位置より上方であって、前記硬度成分除却部における上下方向の途中部分から測定水を前記樹脂塔外に取り出す測定水配管と、取り出した測定水の硬度を測定する硬度測定装置と、測定した硬度の値が基準値を超えるとイオン交換樹脂を再生する再生手段と、を含む原水中の硬度成分を除去する軟化装置において、軟水の取り出しが行われているかどうかを検出する軟水取り出し検出手段を設けておき、前記樹脂塔から塔外への測定水の取り出しは、前記軟水取り出し検出手段にて軟水の取り出しが行われていることを検出している時にのみ行うように制御する制御手段を設けたことを特徴とする。
第２発明の軟化装置は、イオン交換樹脂を用いた硬度成分除去部を有する樹脂塔と、該樹脂塔の上部から原水を導入する原水導入配管と、前記樹脂塔の下部の軟水を取り出す採水配管と、前記樹脂塔内の硬度成分除去部内であり、かつ前記採水配管の取出し位置より上方であって、前記硬度成分除却部における上下方向の途中部分から測定水を樹脂塔外に取り出す測定水配管と、取り出した測定水の硬度を測定する硬度測定装置と、測定した硬度の値が基準値を超えるとイオン交換樹脂を再生する再生手段と、を含む原水中の硬度成分を除去する軟化装置において、軟水の取り出しが行われているかどうかを検出する軟水取り出し検出手段を設けておき、前記樹脂塔から塔外への測定水の取り出しは、前記軟水取り出し検出手段にて軟水の取り出しが行われていることを検出している時に行なわれ、測定水取り出し中に軟水の取り出しが中断された場合には、測定水の取り出しが中断されるように制御する制御手段を設けたことを特徴とする。
第３発明の軟化装置は、第１または第２発明において、前記軟水取出し検知手段は、前記原水導入配管と前記採水配管の間に設けられた差圧スイッチであることを特徴とする。
第４発明の軟化装置は、第１ないし第３のいずれかに記載の発明において、前記採水配管には軟水タンクが接続され、該軟水タンクは水位調節手段を備えており、該水位調節手段は前記軟水タンク内の軟水の水位が低い時に前記樹脂塔から軟水を取り出すことを特徴とする。
第５発明の軟化装置は、第１ないし第４のいずれかに記載の発明において、前記採水配管には積算流量計が介装されており、該積算流量計が基準値に達すると測定水の取り出しが行われることを特徴とする。
A softening device according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a resin tower having a hardness component removing unit using an ion exchange resin, a raw water introduction pipe for introducing raw water from the upper part of the resin tower , and a water sampling for taking out soft water at the lower part of the resin tower. The measurement water is taken out from the resin tower from the pipe and the hardness component removal section in the resin tower, and above the extraction position of the water sampling pipe and in the middle in the vertical direction of the hardness component removal section. Removes hardness components in raw water including measurement water piping, a hardness measurement device for measuring the hardness of the taken measurement water, and a regenerating means for regenerating the ion exchange resin when the measured hardness value exceeds a reference value In the softening device, a soft water removal detection means for detecting whether or not soft water is being taken out is provided, and the measurement water is taken out from the resin tower by using the soft water removal detection means. Characterized in that a control means for controlling to perform only when it is detected that the extraction is carried out.
The softening device of the second invention is a resin tower having a hardness component removing portion using an ion exchange resin, a raw water introduction pipe for introducing raw water from the upper part of the resin tower , and a water sampling for taking out soft water at the lower part of the resin tower. Measurement that is in the hardness component removing portion in the pipe and the resin tower and that is above the extraction position of the water sampling pipe and that takes the measured water out of the resin tower from the middle in the vertical direction in the hardness component removal portion Softening that removes hardness components in raw water including water piping, a hardness measuring device that measures the hardness of the taken-out measured water, and a regeneration means that regenerates the ion exchange resin when the measured hardness value exceeds a reference value in the device, it may be provided with soft water extraction detecting means for detecting whether the removal of soft water have been made, taking out the sample water to the column out from the resin column is collected in soft water at the soft water extraction detecting means Out is performed when is detected that has been done, when a soft water extraction is interrupted for the measurement water during extraction, removal of sample water is provided control means for controlling so as to be suspended It is characterized by that.
The softening device according to a third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first or second aspect, the soft water removal detecting means is a differential pressure switch provided between the raw water introduction pipe and the water sampling pipe.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the softening device according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the water sampling pipe is connected to a soft water tank, and the soft water tank is provided with a water level adjusting means. Is characterized in that soft water is taken out from the resin tower when the soft water level in the soft water tank is low.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the softening device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein an integrated flow meter is interposed in the sampling pipe, and when the integrated flow meter reaches a reference value, the measurement water is measured. Is taken out.
請求項１の発明によれば、樹脂塔の上部から供給された原水が内部の硬度成分除去部を下方に向って流れている間に硬度成分が除去されていくが、下方の水ほどより多く硬度成分が除去されている。このように処理中の水の硬度成分が上下にバラツキがあっても、軟水の取出し時には測定水配管の接続位置より上方の水のみ測定水配管に取り込むことができるので、下方の硬度成分が十分に除去されている水と混合しない。このため、取出し前の水の硬度を正確に測定することができる。よって、軟化装置の軟水取り出し限界到達前に軟水取り出し限界が近いことを正しく予知することができ、再生開始時期を正確に検出することができるようになる。
請求項２の発明によれば、請求項１の発明の効果に加え、軟水の取出しを中断した場合は測定水の取出しを中断するので、軟水の取出し時にのみ測定水配管の接続位置より上方の水を測定水配管に取り込むこととなる。このため、水の硬度を正確に測定することができるので、軟化装置の軟水取り出し限界到達前に軟水取り出し限界が近いことを正しく予知することができ、再生開始時期を正確に検出することができるようになる。
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the hardness component is removed while the raw water supplied from the upper part of the resin tower flows downward in the hardness component removing portion inside, but the lower the water, the more Hardness component is removed. Thus also the hardness components of water in the process if there are variations in the vertical, can be incorporated above the water only sample water pipe from the connection position of the measurement water piping during extraction of soft water Runode, is below the hardness components Do not mix with well removed water . For this reason , the hardness of water before taking out can be measured accurately. Therefore , it is possible to correctly predict that the soft water removal limit is close before reaching the soft water removal limit of the softening device, and it is possible to accurately detect the regeneration start time.
According to the invention of claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, when taking out the soft water is interrupted, the taking out of the measuring water is interrupted. Water is taken into the measurement water pipe. For this reason, since the hardness of water can be measured accurately, it is possible to correctly predict that the soft water removal limit is close before reaching the soft water discharge limit of the softening device, and it is possible to accurately detect the regeneration start time. It becomes like this.
つぎに、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づき説明する。
図１は本発明の一実施形態に係る軟化装置のブロック図である。図２の（Ａ）図は軟水取出時における測定水吸引状況の説明図、（Ｂ）図は軟水非取出時における測定水吸引状況の説明図である。図３はイオン交換樹脂の硬度成分除去能力の変化を示す説明図である。図４は本発明の効果を示す測定水変化状況の説明図である。
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a softening device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2A is an explanatory view of the measured water suction state when the soft water is taken out, and FIG. 2B is an explanatory view of the measured water suction state when the soft water is not taken out. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a change in the hardness component removing ability of the ion exchange resin. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the measured water change situation showing the effect of the present invention.
図１において、樹脂塔１は上下を皿状板でふさいだ円筒状容器であり、内部にイオン交換樹脂の一例であるNa型の強酸性カチオン交換樹脂を収容している。このイオン交換樹脂を収容した部分を硬度成分除去部１Ａと称し、図１および図２中には、網点状で表示している。この樹脂塔１の最上部には通水入口を設け、最下部には採水出口を設け、通水入口に原水配管２を接続し、採水出口に採水配管３を接続している。前記採水配管３の他端には軟水タンク１４を接続している。また、イオン交換樹脂層を再生するための塩水をためておく塩水槽１０を設け、塩水槽１０と樹脂塔１の通水入口との間を結ぶ塩水供給配管１２を設けている。前記樹脂塔１内への原水供給と塩水供給は、別々に行うものであるため、樹脂塔１の通水入口手前に複数の弁からなる通水制御弁１１を設けておき、通水制御弁１１を通じて供給する。 In FIG. 1, a resin tower 1 is a cylindrical container whose upper and lower portions are covered with a plate-like plate, and contains a Na-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin which is an example of an ion exchange resin. The portion containing the ion exchange resin is referred to as a hardness component removing portion 1A, and is indicated by a halftone dot shape in FIGS. A water inlet is provided at the top of the resin tower 1, a water outlet is provided at the bottom, the raw water pipe 2 is connected to the water inlet, and the water pipe 3 is connected to the water outlet. A soft water tank 14 is connected to the other end of the water sampling pipe 3. Further, a salt water tank 10 for storing salt water for regenerating the ion exchange resin layer is provided, and a salt water supply pipe 12 connecting the salt water tank 10 and the water inlet of the resin tower 1 is provided. Since the raw water supply and the salt water supply into the resin tower 1 are performed separately, a water flow control valve 11 comprising a plurality of valves is provided in front of the water flow inlet of the resin tower 1, and the water flow control valve is provided. 11 to supply.
前記軟化装置には、その運転を制御する制御装置４が設けられており、この制御装置４によって通水制御弁１１の通水制御などが行われる。前記通水制御弁１１は、つぎの機能を有するものであればよい。
１）採水−樹脂塔１内の上部へ原水を送り込み、樹脂塔１内で下向きに水を流すことで原水内から硬度成分を除去する
２）逆洗−樹脂塔１内の下部へ原水を送り込み、樹脂塔１内で上向きに水を流すことでイオン交換樹脂を攪拌し、堆積していた不純物などを排出する（排水管は図示していない）
３）通薬−塩水槽１０から樹脂塔１内の上部へ塩水を送り込み、樹脂塔１内で下向きに塩水を流すことでイオン交換樹脂の能力を回復させる
４）洗浄−樹脂塔１内の上部へ原水を送り込み、樹脂塔１内に残っている塩水を排出する
The softening device is provided with a control device 4 for controlling its operation, and the control device 4 performs water flow control of the water flow control valve 11 and the like. The water flow control valve 11 only needs to have the following functions.
1) Sampling-Feeding raw water into the upper part of the resin tower 1 and removing the hardness component from the raw water by flowing water downward in the resin tower 1 2) Backwashing-Feeding the raw water to the lower part of the resin tower 1 The ion exchange resin is agitated by feeding and flowing water upward in the resin tower 1 to discharge accumulated impurities and the like (the drain pipe is not shown).
3) Feeding-salt water is sent from the salt water tank 10 to the upper part in the resin tower 1, and salt water is flowed downward in the resin tower 1 to recover the ability of the ion exchange resin. 4) Cleaning-upper part in the resin tower 1 The raw water is sent to the water and the salt water remaining in the resin tower 1 is discharged.
前記採水配管３の途中には、積算流量計９が設けられている。前記原水配管２と採水配管３の間には差圧スイッチ７が設けられている。これらの積算流量計９と差圧スイッチ７はそれぞれ制御装置４と接続されている。前記積算流量計９は、採水配管３内を流れる軟水の流量を測定してその測定値を制御装置４へ送り、制御装置４では積算した流量を記憶していく。制御装置４は、差圧スイッチ７からの信号によって、常時軟水取り出しの有無を判定することができる。 An integral flow meter 9 is provided in the middle of the water sampling pipe 3. A differential pressure switch 7 is provided between the raw water pipe 2 and the water sampling pipe 3. These integrating flow meter 9 and differential pressure switch 7 are connected to the control device 4 respectively. The integrated flow meter 9 measures the flow rate of soft water flowing through the water sampling pipe 3 and sends the measured value to the control device 4, and the control device 4 stores the integrated flow rate. The control device 4 can always determine whether soft water is taken out based on a signal from the differential pressure switch 7.
前記樹脂塔１の内部であって、採水配管３の採水口より上方位置であり、かつ硬度成分除去部１Ａにおける上下方向の途中部分に測定水配管５を接続している。この接続位置は、測定水配管より下方となるイオン交換樹脂量が全体の１３％程度となる高さ位が望ましい。この測定水配管５の他端には測定水槽１３が接続されている。この測定水槽１３にＣａイオン濃度などを検出する硬度測定装置６を設け、測定水配管５の途中には測定水ポンプ８を設け、硬度測定装置６と測定水ポンプ８も制御装置４と接続しておく。測定水の硬度は硬度測定装置６によるＣａイオン濃度によって検出し、硬度測定を行う場合には、測定水ポンプ８を作動することで樹脂塔１内から測定水を取り出し、測定水槽１３へ導入する。 A measuring water pipe 5 is connected to the inside of the resin tower 1 above the water sampling port of the water sampling pipe 3 and in the middle in the vertical direction of the hardness component removing unit 1A. This connection position is desirably a height where the amount of ion exchange resin below the measurement water pipe is about 13% of the whole. A measurement water tank 13 is connected to the other end of the measurement water pipe 5. The measuring water tank 13 is provided with a hardness measuring device 6 for detecting the Ca ion concentration and the like, a measuring water pump 8 is provided in the middle of the measuring water pipe 5, and the hardness measuring device 6 and the measuring water pump 8 are also connected to the control device 4. Keep it. The hardness of the measured water is detected by the Ca ion concentration by the hardness measuring device 6. When measuring the hardness, the measured water is taken out from the resin tower 1 by operating the measured water pump 8 and introduced into the measured water tank 13. .
軟水の取り出しは、軟水タンク１４内の水位が低くなると行う。軟水タンク１４内水位が低下すると、樹脂塔１内へ原水を導入し、樹脂塔１内から軟水を取り出して軟水タンク１４へ供給する。軟水タンク１４内水位が高くなると、軟水取り出しを停止する。 The soft water is taken out when the water level in the soft water tank 14 becomes low. When the water level in the soft water tank 14 is lowered, raw water is introduced into the resin tower 1, the soft water is taken out from the resin tower 1 and supplied to the soft water tank 14. When the water level in the soft water tank 14 becomes high, the soft water removal is stopped.
前記制御装置４は、軟水取り出し量が一定量に達するごとに測定水の硬度測定を行う。軟水取り出し量が設定された積算水量に達すると、制御装置４は測定水ポンプ８の作動を開始し、樹脂塔１内から測定水を取り出す。測定水配管５内及び測定水槽１３内には、前回の測定で使用した古い測定水が残っているため、死水排水工程を行う。
死水排水工程は、測定水ポンプ８を一定時間作動し、新たな測定水を給水する一方、古い測定水を図示しない排水弁から排出する。また、測定水槽１３内を新しく取り出した測定水で満たし、測定水槽１３から測定水を排出する。測定水槽１３を空にした後で再び測定水槽１３に新たな測定水を満たすという洗浄操作を数回繰り返すことで、新しく取り出した測定水の硬度を正確に測定できるようにする。その後で、測定のための測定水を測定水槽１３にためて硬度の測定を行う。
The control device 4 measures the hardness of the measurement water every time the soft water removal amount reaches a certain amount. When the soft water removal amount reaches the set cumulative water amount, the control device 4 starts the operation of the measurement water pump 8 and takes out the measurement water from the resin tower 1. Since the old measurement water used in the previous measurement remains in the measurement water pipe 5 and the measurement water tank 13, a dead water drainage process is performed.
In the dead water drainage process, the measurement water pump 8 is operated for a certain period of time to supply new measurement water, while discharging old measurement water from a drain valve (not shown). Further, the measurement water tank 13 is filled with newly taken measurement water, and the measurement water is discharged from the measurement water tank 13. By repeating the washing operation of filling the measurement water tank 13 again with new measurement water several times after emptying the measurement water tank 13, the hardness of the newly taken measurement water can be accurately measured. Thereafter, the measurement water for measurement is stored in the measurement water tank 13 and the hardness is measured.
前記制御装置４は、軟水取り出しを行っている状態の時にのみ測定水ポンプ８の作動を行う。軟水の取り出しを行っている状態と行っていない状態は、下記のように原水配管２と採水配管３の圧力差を検知することで判断できる。
１）軟水の取り出しを行っている状態
原水は、原水配管２→硬度成分除去部１Ａの樹脂層→採水配管３へと流れている。この場合、樹脂層は水流の抵抗になるため、樹脂層で圧力損失が発生し、水圧は低下する。よって、原水配管２の水圧＞採水配管３の水圧、となる。
２）軟水取り出し停止の状態
原水配管２から採水配管３の間にある水は停止している。水流がないため、樹脂層は抵抗にはならず、樹脂層前後での圧力差はほとんどない。よって原水配管２の水圧＝採水配管３の水圧、となる。
The control device 4 operates the measuring water pump 8 only when the soft water is being taken out. The state where soft water is being taken out and the state where it is not being taken out can be determined by detecting the pressure difference between the raw water pipe 2 and the water sampling pipe 3 as described below.
1) State in which soft water is taken out Raw water flows from the raw water pipe 2 to the resin layer of the hardness component removing portion 1A to the water sampling pipe 3. In this case, since the resin layer becomes resistance to water flow, pressure loss occurs in the resin layer, and the water pressure decreases. Therefore, the water pressure of the raw water pipe 2> the water pressure of the water sampling pipe 3.
2) State of soft water withdrawal stop Water between the raw water pipe 2 and the water sampling pipe 3 is stopped. Since there is no water flow, the resin layer does not become a resistance, and there is almost no pressure difference before and after the resin layer. Therefore, the water pressure of the raw water pipe 2 = the water pressure of the water sampling pipe 3.
前記死水排水工程から測定のために測定水を測定水槽１３に貯め終るまでにおいて、測定水ポンプ８の作動は軟水取り出しを行っている状態として、例えば差圧スイッチ７がオンである条件を満たしている場合にのみ行い、硬度測定時期になっていても、軟水の取り出しが行われていない場合、即ち差圧スイッチがオフの時には、測定水の取り出しは開始しない。
また、硬度測定のために測定水を取り出している時に、差圧スイッチ７のオンが途切れた場合、制御装置４は測定水ポンプ８の作動を停止する。制御装置４は、測定水ポンプ８の作動時間をカウントしておき、作動時間のカウントが所定時間に到達すると、測定水ポンプ８の作動を停止するものであるが、測定水ポンプ作動時間のカウントが所定時間に達する前に、差圧スイッチ７からのオン信号が途絶えて測定水ポンプ８の作動を停止すると、測定水ポンプ作動時間のカウントも中断する。その後、軟水取り出しを開始して差圧スイッチ７のオン信号が回復すると、制御装置４は測定水ポンプ８の作動を再開し、作動時間のカウントも中断していた状態から再開する。洗浄開始から硬度測定終了までには１０分以上の時間が必要であり、中断毎に死水排水工程の初めから開始していたのでは硬度測定のタイミングを逃すことになるという、別の問題が発生するからである。
From the dead water draining process until the measurement water is stored in the measurement water tank 13 for measurement, the operation of the measurement water pump 8 satisfies the condition that, for example, the differential pressure switch 7 is turned on as a state in which soft water is taken out. If the soft water is not taken out, that is, when the differential pressure switch is OFF, the taking out of the measuring water is not started.
Further, when the differential pressure switch 7 is turned off while taking out the measurement water for the hardness measurement, the control device 4 stops the operation of the measurement water pump 8. The control device 4 counts the operation time of the measurement water pump 8 and stops the operation of the measurement water pump 8 when the operation time count reaches a predetermined time. If the ON signal from the differential pressure switch 7 is interrupted and the operation of the measuring water pump 8 is stopped before reaching the predetermined time, the counting of the measuring water pump operating time is also interrupted. Thereafter, when the soft water extraction is started and the ON signal of the differential pressure switch 7 is restored, the control device 4 resumes the operation of the measurement water pump 8 and resumes the operation time count from the suspended state. It takes 10 minutes or more from the start of washing to the end of hardness measurement. Another problem is that if you start from the beginning of the dead water drainage process at every interruption, you will miss the timing of hardness measurement. Because it does.
測定水槽１３への給水が終了し、硬度測定の準備が整うと、制御装置４は硬度測定装置６によって硬度の測定を行う。制御装置４は、測定したＣａイオン濃度の値が設定値より小さければ、イオン交換樹脂の硬度成分除去能力は十分残っていると判断し、軟水取り出し量が次回の設定水量に達するまで待機する。測定したＣａイオン濃度の値が設定値より大きくなっていた場合は、間もなく軟水の採水限界を迎えるものであるため、制御装置４はイオン交換樹脂の再生を行う。再生は、イオン交換樹脂層に塩水を導入することで、イオン交換樹脂が取り込んでいた硬度成分を排出させ、その結果イオン交換樹脂の硬度成分除去能力を回復させる。 When the water supply to the measuring water tank 13 is finished and the preparation for the hardness measurement is completed, the control device 4 measures the hardness by the hardness measuring device 6. If the measured value of the Ca ion concentration is smaller than the set value, the control device 4 determines that the hardness component removing ability of the ion exchange resin remains sufficiently, and waits until the soft water removal amount reaches the next set water amount. If the measured Ca ion concentration value is larger than the set value, the control device 4 regenerates the ion exchange resin because it will soon reach the soft water sampling limit. In the regeneration, by introducing salt water into the ion exchange resin layer, the hardness component taken in by the ion exchange resin is discharged, and as a result, the ability of removing the hardness component of the ion exchange resin is recovered.
軟水取り出ししている時にのみ測定水を取り出すのは、樹脂塔１内における流れの有無によって測定水の水質が変化するためである。図２の（Ａ）図は軟水取り出し時に測定水ポンプ８を作動した場合の水流を示し、図２の（Ｂ）図は軟水取り出し停止時に測定水ポンプ８を作動した場合の水流を示している。（Ａ）図のように、軟水取り出しを行っている場合は、樹脂塔１内には下向きの水流が発生しており、測定水の取り出し量は軟水取り出し量に比べて少ないため、測定水ポンプ８を作動して測定水配管５の先端から測定水を吸引すると、測定水配管５設置部分より上方からきた水のみが測定水配管５内に入り、測定水配管５の設置位置より下方の水は吸引しないので、上方の水と下方の水が混合しない。これに対し、（Ｂ）図のように、軟水取り出しを行っていない場合、測定水ポンプ８を作動して測定水配管５の先端から測定水を吸引すると、測定水配管の周囲からほぼ均等に水を取り込むため、測定水配管５の設置位置より下方の水も測定水配管５内に入り、上方の水と混合を生ずることになる。そして、上下の水が混合すると、以下のように硬度の測定に誤差が生ずることになるからである。 The reason why the measurement water is taken out only when the soft water is taken out is that the quality of the measurement water changes depending on the presence or absence of the flow in the resin tower 1. FIG. 2A shows the water flow when the measurement water pump 8 is operated when soft water is taken out, and FIG. 2B shows the water flow when the measurement water pump 8 is operated when soft water removal is stopped. . (A) As shown in the figure, when soft water is being taken out, a downward water flow is generated in the resin tower 1, and the amount of measurement water taken out is small compared to the amount of soft water taken out. When the measuring water is sucked from the tip of the measuring water pipe 5 by operating 8, only the water coming from above the measuring water pipe 5 installation part enters the measuring water pipe 5, and the water below the installation position of the measuring water pipe 5 Does not suck, so the upper water and the lower water do not mix. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the soft water is not taken out, when the measurement water pump 8 is operated and the measurement water is sucked from the tip of the measurement water pipe 5, it is almost even from the periphery of the measurement water pipe. In order to take in water, the water below the installation position of the measurement water pipe 5 also enters the measurement water pipe 5 and mixes with the upper water. Then, when the upper and lower waters are mixed, an error occurs in the hardness measurement as follows.
イオン交換樹脂の硬度成分除去能力は、図３に示すように、樹脂塔１内の上流側から下流側へ向けて順に低下する。図３において、ＡＬはイオン交換樹脂の硬度成分除去能力の低下した部分を示し、ＡＨは硬度成分除去能力の有る部分を示し、ｂは境界線を示している。（Ａ）図は正常状態、（Ｂ）図は測定水の硬度が上昇開始する状態、（Ｃ）図は硬度リークが開始した状態を示している。
再生直後の場合、イオン交換樹脂層は等しくイオン交換能力を持っている。原水をイオン交換樹脂層上部から導入すると、上部のイオン交換樹脂は原水中の硬度成分を盛んに吸着し、その分だけ水中の硬度成分量は減少する。水中に硬度成分が残っていた場合、中部のイオン交換樹脂が残りの硬度成分を吸着し、水中の硬度成分量はほぼなくなる。下部のイオン交換樹脂は、すでに硬度成分の除去が終わった軟水と接触しても硬度成分の吸着量は僅かであるため、能力は殆ど低下しない。その後、上部のイオン交換樹脂で硬度成分の吸着能力が飽和状態になると、上部から供給している原水は上部のイオン交換樹脂層を素通りし、中部のイオン交換樹脂では盛んに硬度成分の吸着を行う。そのため、次には中部のイオン交換樹脂がイオン交換能力を失う。このようにして、イオン交換樹脂の能力低下が上から下へ進行していく。
As shown in FIG. 3, the capability of removing the hardness component of the ion exchange resin decreases sequentially from the upstream side to the downstream side in the resin tower 1. In FIG. 3, AL indicates a portion where the hardness component removing ability of the ion exchange resin is lowered, AH indicates a portion having the hardness component removing ability, and b indicates a boundary line. (A) The figure shows the normal state, (B) the figure shows the state where the hardness of the measured water starts to rise, and (C) the figure shows the state where the hardness leak has started.
In the case of immediately after regeneration, the ion exchange resin layer has the same ion exchange capacity. When raw water is introduced from the upper part of the ion exchange resin layer, the ion exchange resin in the upper part actively adsorbs the hardness component in the raw water, and the amount of hardness component in the water decreases accordingly. When the hardness component remains in water, the central ion exchange resin adsorbs the remaining hardness component, and the amount of the hardness component in water is almost eliminated. Even if the lower ion exchange resin comes into contact with the soft water from which the removal of the hardness component has already been completed, the adsorption amount of the hardness component is small, so that the capacity is hardly lowered. After that, when the adsorption capacity of the hardness component is saturated with the upper ion exchange resin, the raw water supplied from the upper part passes through the upper ion exchange resin layer, and the central ion exchange resin actively absorbs the hardness component. Do. Therefore, next, the ion exchange resin in the middle part loses the ion exchange ability. In this way, the capacity reduction of the ion exchange resin proceeds from top to bottom.
以上のとおり、硬度成分除去能力の低下がある程度進んでいる状況では、樹脂塔１内を流れる水は、上流側の硬度成分除去能力を失っているイオン交換樹脂層部分を通過するまでは硬度成分を保持したまま流れ、樹脂塔１内の下流側の硬度成分除去能力を維持しているイオン交換樹脂層に入ってから硬度成分が除去されることになる。測定水配管５の設置部分より上部の水は硬度成分を含んだ硬水であるが、測定水配管５の設置位置より下部の水は硬度成分は除去されて軟水となっているとき、この状態で測定水ポンプ８を作動すると、測定水配管５の設置位置より下方の軟水も測定水として取り込むことになり、その結果、測定水の硬度は本来の測定水配管５設置部分から取り出される水よりも低い値となる。よって、正確な硬度を把握することはできなくなり、下方の水を測定していた場合、下方の水で硬度上昇を検出した時には、既に硬度成分が軟水使用機器へ送られていることになる。 As described above, in a situation where the decrease in the hardness component removal capability has progressed to some extent, the water flowing in the resin tower 1 passes through the ion exchange resin layer portion that has lost the hardness component removal capability on the upstream side until the hardness component. The hardness component is removed after entering the ion exchange resin layer that maintains the hardness component removing ability on the downstream side in the resin tower 1. The water above the installation part of the measurement water pipe 5 is hard water containing a hardness component, but the water below the installation position of the measurement water pipe 5 is soft water after the hardness component is removed in this state. When the measurement water pump 8 is operated, soft water below the installation position of the measurement water pipe 5 is also taken in as measurement water. As a result, the hardness of the measurement water is higher than that of water taken from the original measurement water pipe 5 installation portion. Low value. Therefore, the accurate hardness cannot be grasped, and when the lower water is measured, when the hardness increase is detected by the lower water, the hardness component is already sent to the soft water using device.
図４は軟水取り出しを実施している状態で測定水を取り出した場合と、軟水取り出しを停止している状態で測定水を取り出した場合におけるＣａイオン濃度の変化を示している。図４の場合、軟水取り出しの実施と停止を繰り返し、それぞれの状態でＣａイオン濃度の測定を行ったものである。丸点で表した軟水取り出し停止時のＣａイオン濃度は、三角点で表した軟水取り出し実施時のＣａイオン濃度に比べて明らかに低い値を示しており、軟水取り出し停止時に測定水を取り出したのでは正しいＣａイオン濃度を算出することができないことが分かる。 FIG. 4 shows changes in the Ca ion concentration when the measurement water is taken out while the soft water is being taken out and when the measurement water is taken out while the soft water is being taken out. In the case of FIG. 4, the soft water extraction is repeatedly performed and stopped, and the Ca ion concentration is measured in each state. The Ca ion concentration at the time when soft water removal is stopped, indicated by a round dot, is clearly lower than the Ca ion concentration at the time of soft water removal, which is indicated by a triangular point. Thus, it is understood that the correct Ca ion concentration cannot be calculated.
本実施形態では、差圧スイッチ７によって軟水取り出しの有無を検出し、軟水取り出しを行っている時にのみ測定水を取り出すようにすることで、イオン交換樹脂の硬度成分除去能力低下状況を毎回正しく観察することができ、軟水取り出し限界到達前に軟水取り出し限界が近づいていることの検出が可能となる。なお、本実施例では軟水取り出し検出手段として、原水導入配管２と採水配管３に接続した差圧スイッチ７を設けたものであるが、それに限らず、軟水取り出しを検出することができるものであれば任意のものでよい。例えば、採水配管３の途中に通水検出手段を設けるものであってもよい。 In this embodiment, the presence / absence of soft water removal is detected by the differential pressure switch 7 and the measurement water is taken out only when the soft water is being taken out, thereby correctly observing the hardness component removal ability reduction status of the ion exchange resin every time. It is possible to detect that the soft water take-out limit is approaching before reaching the soft water take-out limit. In this embodiment, as the soft water removal detection means, the differential pressure switch 7 connected to the raw water introduction pipe 2 and the water sampling pipe 3 is provided. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and soft water removal can be detected. Any can be used. For example, a water flow detecting means may be provided in the middle of the water sampling pipe 3.
また、制御装置４が、測定した硬度の値を前回測定した硬度の値と比較することで、硬度リークを検出するものであった場合、軟水取り出し実施時の測定水による硬度の値と軟水取り出し停止時の測定水による硬度の値が混在していると、正しい差の値は検出することはできなかった。しかし、軟水を取り出している時にのみ測定水を取り出すようにすると、正しい前回測定値との差を検出することができ、軟水の採水限界到達前に採水限界が近づいていることの検出が可能となる。 In addition, when the control device 4 detects the hardness leak by comparing the measured hardness value with the previously measured hardness value, the hardness value by the measured water and the soft water removal at the time of soft water removal If the hardness values of the measurement water at the time of stopping were mixed, the correct difference value could not be detected. However, if the measured water is taken out only when the soft water is taken out, the difference from the correct previous measured value can be detected, and it is detected that the water sampling limit is approaching before the soft water sampling limit is reached. It becomes possible.
１ 樹脂塔
２ 原水導入配管
３ 採水配管
４ 制御装置
５ 測定水配管
６ 硬度測定装置
７ 差圧スイッチ
８ 測定水ポンプ
９ 積算流量計
１０ 塩水槽
１１ 通水制御弁
１２ 塩水供給配管
１３ 測定水槽
１４ 軟水タンク
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Resin tower 2 Raw water introduction piping 3 Sampling piping 4 Control apparatus 5 Measuring water piping 6 Hardness measuring device 7 Differential pressure switch 8 Measuring water pump 9 Accumulated flow meter 10 Salt water tank 11 Water flow control valve 12 Salt water supply piping 13 Measuring water tank 14 Soft water tank
Claims (5)
軟水の取り出しが行われているかどうかを検出する軟水取り出し検出手段を設けておき、前記樹脂塔から塔外への測定水の取り出しは、前記軟水取り出し検出手段にて軟水の取り出しが行われていることを検出している時にのみ行うように制御する制御手段を設けた
ことを特徴とする軟化装置。 A resin tower having a hardness component removing portion using an ion exchange resin, a raw water introduction pipe for introducing raw water from the upper part of the resin tower , a water sampling pipe for taking out soft water at the lower part of the resin tower, A measurement water pipe that is inside the hardness component removal unit and above the extraction position of the water sampling pipe and that takes measurement water out of the resin tower from the middle part in the vertical direction of the hardness component removal unit , and the measurement taken out In a softening device that removes hardness components in raw water, including a hardness measuring device that measures the hardness of water, and a regenerating means that regenerates the ion exchange resin when the measured hardness value exceeds a reference value,
Soft water removal detection means for detecting whether or not soft water is being taken out is provided, and the removal of measured water from the resin tower to the outside of the tower is carried out by the soft water removal detection means. A softening device, characterized in that it is provided with control means for performing control only when it is detected.
軟水の取り出しが行われているかどうかを検出する軟水取り出し検出手段を設けておき、前記樹脂塔から塔外への測定水の取り出しは、前記軟水取り出し検出手段にて軟水の取り出しが行われていることを検出している時に行なわれ、測定水取り出し中に軟水の取り出しが中断された場合には、測定水の取り出しが中断されるように制御する制御手段を設けた
ことを特徴とする軟化装置。 A resin tower having a hardness component removing portion using an ion exchange resin, a raw water introduction pipe for introducing raw water from the upper part of the resin tower , a water sampling pipe for taking out soft water at the lower part of the resin tower, A measurement water pipe that is inside the hardness component removal unit and that is above the take-out position of the water sampling pipe and that takes measurement water out of the resin component tower from the middle in the vertical direction of the hardness component removal unit , and taken out measurement water In a softening device that removes hardness components in raw water, including a hardness measuring device that measures the hardness of and a regeneration means that regenerates the ion exchange resin when the measured hardness value exceeds a reference value,
Soft water removal detection means for detecting whether or not soft water is being taken out is provided, and the removal of measured water from the resin tower to the outside of the tower is carried out by the soft water removal detection means. performed when it is detected that, when soft water extraction is interrupted sample water during extraction is characterized by taking out the sample water is provided control means for controlling so as to interrupt softened apparatus.
ことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の軟化装置。 3. The softening device according to claim 1, wherein the soft water extraction detecting means is a differential pressure switch provided between the raw water introduction pipe and the water sampling pipe.
ことを特徴とする請求項１ないし３のいずれかに記載の軟化装置。 A soft water tank is connected to the water sampling pipe, the soft water tank is provided with a water level adjusting means, and the water level adjusting means takes out the soft water from the resin tower when the soft water level in the soft water tank is low. The softening device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
ことを特徴とする請求項１ないし４のいずれかに記載の軟化装置。 5. The softening according to claim 1, wherein an integrated flow meter is interposed in the water sampling pipe, and when the integrated flow meter reaches a reference value, the measurement water is taken out. apparatus.
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| JP2004128308A JP5036960B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Softening device |
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| JP2004128308A JP5036960B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Softening device |
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| JP3899750B2 (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2007-03-28 | 栗田工業株式会社 | Water softener |
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