JP5033274B1 - Processed material delivery device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a processed material delivery apparatus capable of reliably delivering a processed material while preventing a bridge failure and having an airtight function in a hopper.
In a processed material delivery device 10 for delivering a processed material to be delivered from a hopper 11, a rotary shaft 14 is supported by a screw shaft 17 on which a stirring rod 15 and a screw screw blade 16 are mounted, and is held in an airtight seal. The upper bearing portion 18, the drive portion 19 that rotates the screw shaft 17, the lower bearing portion 22 that supports the lower end portion of the screw shaft 17 that is inserted through the through-hole portion 21, and the lower bearing portion 22 that is kept airtight. Is provided with a lower bearing support chamber 23 that closes the shut-off valve 24 and throws in the processed product, and then opens, and the processed product gathered on the outer periphery of the hopper 11 is rolled up by the stirring rod 15 to the central portion. And a mechanism for feeding out the processing objects gathered at the center while being pumped by the screw screw blade 16.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a processed material delivery apparatus comprising a hopper for delivering plastic strips cut into chips, processing equipment for processing cotton-like fiber bodies, and the like, and more specifically, processing with a low specific gravity. Even if it is a product, it is possible to reliably deliver the processed product without causing a bridging fault that a part of the processed product stays in the hopper, and for example, the pressure or temperature inside the hopper is high. The present invention relates to a processed material delivery apparatus having a hermetic seal function that can maintain hermeticity in a hopper.

  Conventionally, a processed material delivery device composed of a hopper has a steep sliding angle of the inner wall of the hopper and the weight of the material itself when the processed material put into the hopper is a granular material having a relatively high specific gravity. In this case, the material is sent out from below while preventing bridging of materials such as powder and the like generated in the hopper. Further, conventionally, in the processed material delivery device composed of a hopper, the sliding angle of the inner wall of the hopper is made steep, and the screw shaft provided with the screw screw blade provided upright in the hopper is rotated to forcibly move downward. Some devices prevent the bridging failure by sending them out of the network.

  However, in the processed material delivery device including the hopper as described above, it is necessary to increase the height of the hopper in order to cover the decrease in the volume in the popper by making the sliding angle of the inner wall of the hopper steep. Therefore, the height of the building that accommodates such a hopper becomes high, the apparatus itself is expensive, and this increases the cost of the processed material. In addition, the processed material delivery device composed of the hopper as described above is, when the processed material put into the hopper is light in specific gravity such as a plastic strip cut into a chip shape or a cotton-like plastic fiber body, Even if the sliding angle of the inner wall of the hopper is made steep, or the screw shaft with the screw screw blades installed standing up in the hopper is rotated to force it to be sent out from below, the processed material is still in the upper part of the hopper. It is no longer possible to prevent some bridging bridge failures.

In view of this, the processed material delivery device is based on the idea of the powder and hopper delivery mechanism, and is provided in the hopper with an agitation shaft provided with an agitation member above the vertical axis position, and a hopper outlet cylinder. In the apparatus in which the delivery screw shafts inserted in the section are arranged in a straight line, and these two shafts are independently connected to separate electric motors provided outside the hopper, A short cylindrical body having substantially the same inner diameter is connected to the lower end so as to be rotatable around this axis, and the two shafts are connected to each other via a coupling that is rotatable in the hopper. The lower end portion of the screw shaft inserted in the exit cylindrical portion is fixed to the cylindrical body through a fixing member having a sufficient gap through which the material to be delivered in the hopper can pass. And to characterized in that are connected to the short cylinder body it has been proposed. In the powder hopper delivery mechanism described above, the member having a sufficient gap through which the material to be delivered in the hopper can pass is a screw blade of approximately one pitch at the lower end of the screw blade fixed to the screw shaft. It has been proposed to be characterized. Alternatively, in the powder hopper delivery mechanism, the member having a gap sufficient to allow the material to be delivered in the hopper to pass therethrough is several arms in the radial direction. It has been proposed to be a delivery mechanism (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
According to this device, it is possible to provide a powder hopper feeding mechanism that can be employed regardless of a small-sized or large-sized device, and that has a simple structure with less centering of the screw shaft and stirring shaft.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-7697

However, the conventional processed material delivery apparatus as described above has the following problems.
(1) The processed material delivery apparatus as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-7697 is such that the stirring shaft and the screw shaft connected thereto via a coupling are rotatable only by a bearing on the upper end side. Since there is no bearing on the lower end side, it is subjected to the resistance of the processed material. For example, even if the stirrer shaft and the screw shaft are coupled by a coupling, the stirrer shaft and the screw shaft are pivoted. It is difficult to prevent shake.
(2) Further, the processed material delivery device as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-7697 can prevent the processed material from being bridged in the hopper by the stirring member, but the thrust direction by the stirring member can be prevented. Is in the same downward direction as the thrust direction by the screw blades, the processed products are concentrated and gathered downward, making it difficult to feed the processed products from the hopper outlet cylindrical portion.
(3) Furthermore, the processed material delivery apparatus as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-7697 does not have an internal pressure in the hopper or an airtight function capable of maintaining the temperature. When the temperature becomes high or the temperature becomes high, it is impossible to cope with this.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is capable of reliably delivering a processed material while preventing occurrence of a bridging fault in which the processed material stays in the hopper. An object of the present invention is to provide a processed material delivery device having an airtight function capable of maintaining the internal pressure and temperature in a hopper even when the internal pressure and temperature of the hopper become high.

The processed material delivery device according to the present invention that meets the above-mentioned object is a processed material delivery device for delivering a processed material that is introduced from an inlet at the top of the hopper and housed in an interior having an airtight function from an outlet at the bottom of the hopper. The processed material delivery device includes a screw shaft provided by attaching a stirring rod and a screw screw blade to a rotating shaft that stands vertically at the center inside the hopper, and an upper end of the screw shaft that protrudes from the canopy portion of the hopper and is exposed to the outside. An upper bearing part that holds the part in an airtight seal and is rotatably supported, a drive part that is connected to the upper end part of the screw shaft and rotates the screw shaft, and a lower end part of the screw shaft is connected to the lower part of the hopper. A lower bearing portion that is driven and supported while being inserted and supported in a through-hole portion provided in the middle of the bent pipe of the outlet portion, and a lower shaft that maintains airtightness of the through-hole portion and the lower bearing portion A lower bearing support chamber that supports the part, closes the shut-off valve provided at the outlet end of the discharge port part, throws in the processed material from the input port, opens the shut-off valve, and is stored inside the hopper A mechanism that rolls up the processed products gathered on the outer periphery of the hopper while stirring them by the rotation of the stirring rod by the rotation of the screw shaft and gathers them to the central portion inside the hopper, and the processed products gathered in the central portion inside the hopper In the processed material delivery apparatus having a mechanism for sending out through a shutoff valve provided at the discharge port while being pumped by the rotation of the screw screw blade that rotates in accordance with the rotation of the stirring rod , One end of the rod-shaped body is supported on the inner wall of the hopper, and the other end side is horizontally extended to the center of the upper hopper that does not interfere with the rotation of the stirring rod, and the tip is rotated. It is characterized in that it comprises a fixing rod is provided by bending upward, or at a right angle downwards so as to be parallel to.

A top Symbol of the workpiece feed 2 connecting treated delivery device for connecting the device to the upper and lower, second connecting treated feed apparatus, ball exit tip of the outlet portion of the first treatment product dispensing apparatus upside of A first shut-off valve comprising a valve and a second shut-off valve comprising a ball valve at the outlet end of the discharge port of the second processed material delivery device below, the first shut-off valve and the second treatment It is connected to the input port of the material delivery device, and when the second processed material delivery device is operated, the ball valve of the first cutoff valve is closed and the ball valve of the second cutoff valve is opened. , A mechanism for feeding the processed material while securing the internal pressure in the second processed material delivery apparatus, and for feeding the processed material into the hopper of the first processed material delivery apparatus, and stopping the second processed material delivery apparatus time, Boruba the second shut-off valve Close Bed, by opening the ball valve of the first shut-off valve, it has a mechanism for feeding the treated product to a second treatment product delivery apparatus of the hopper by actuating the first treatment product dispensing apparatus It is characterized by.

Treated dispensing apparatus above SL causes the supporting one end portion of the rod-like body into the hopper inner wall, extends horizontally in the central portion of the hopper upper position does not interfere with the other end side relative to the rotation of the stirring rod And a fixing rod that is bent at a right angle upward or downward so that its tip is parallel to the rotation axis. It is possible to prevent the so-called entanglement of the processed product from being entangled with the stirring rod, and in the case of a plastic strip cut into chips, the processed product can be passed through as it is, efficiently. The processed material can be sent out.

A top Symbol of the workpiece feed 2 connecting treated delivery device for connecting the device to the upper and lower, second connecting treated feed apparatus, ball exit tip of the outlet portion of the first treatment product dispensing apparatus upside of A first shut-off valve comprising a valve and a second shut-off valve comprising a ball valve at the outlet end of the discharge port of the second processed material delivery device below, the first shut-off valve and the second treatment It is connected to the input port of the material delivery device, and when the second processed material delivery device is operated, the ball valve of the first cutoff valve is closed and the ball valve of the second cutoff valve is opened. , A mechanism for feeding the processed material while securing the internal pressure in the second processed material delivery apparatus, and for feeding the processed material into the hopper of the first processed material delivery apparatus, and stopping the second processed material delivery apparatus time, Boruba the second shut-off valve Close Bed, by opening the ball valve of the first shut-off valve, since it has a mechanism for feeding the treated product to a second treatment product delivery apparatus of the hopper by actuating the first treatment product dispensing apparatus For example, even if a high-pressure or high-temperature device is generated in the processing object processing apparatus to which the processing object is sent out, the processing is performed while maintaining the inside of the second processing object supply apparatus at a desired level of high pressure or high temperature. The product can be sent out, and the function deterioration of the processed product processing apparatus to which the processed product is sent out can be prevented.

It is explanatory drawing of the processed material delivery apparatus which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. (A), (B) is explanatory drawing of the screw shaft of the said processed material delivery apparatus, respectively. It is explanatory drawing of the 2 connection processed material delivery apparatus which connects the said processed material delivery apparatus up and down.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings to provide an understanding of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, a processed material delivery apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is a plastic strip that is cut into a chip that is inserted from an insertion port 12 provided in the upper part of a hopper 11 and stored inside, This is for sending out a processed product (not shown) such as a cotton-like fibrous body from the discharge port portion 13 below the hopper 11. Further, the processed material delivery apparatus 10 has a structure having an airtight function even when the internal pressure in the hopper 11 is increased. The hopper 11 used in the processed material delivery apparatus 10 is not particularly limited in size, and is determined by the amount of processed material necessary for delivery. Further, the hopper 11 used in the processed material delivery apparatus 10 is not particularly limited in its shape, but normally, an upper part of about ½ from the canopy part is formed of a cylindrical body, and a lower part from there. Has a funnel-like body having an inclination angle of about 15 to 25 ° downward. In addition, the above-mentioned processed material delivery apparatus 10 can usually be provided with a lid that can be opened and closed and has an airtight function at the input port 12.

  This processed material delivery apparatus 10 includes a screw shaft 17 provided by mounting a stirring rod 15 and a screw screw blade 16 on a rotating shaft 14 which is vertically provided on a central center line inside the hopper 11. The stirring rod 15 has a rod-like arm supported by the rotating shaft 14 extending to the vicinity of the inner wall of the hopper 11 and further extending spirally along the inner wall. The processed product can be stirred and rolled up. The stirring bar 15 is provided with one or a plurality of continuous stirring bars at a predetermined interval from the vicinity of the boundary between the cylindrical body and the funnel-like body of the hopper 11 to the funnel-like body portion. In addition, when a plurality of continuous stirring bars 15 are provided at a predetermined interval, the diameter of the funnel-like body of the hopper 11 becomes smaller as it goes downward, so that each size goes downward. It is getting smaller. On the other hand, the screw screw blade 16 is spirally attached to the outer peripheral portion of the rotary shaft 14 so that it can be fed downward while being pumped so as to entrain the processed material in the center of the hopper 11. It has become. The screw screw blade 16 has a rotating shaft with a predetermined screw pitch having the same outer dimensions from the vicinity of the boundary between the cylindrical body and the funnel-like body of the hopper 11 to the funnel-like body portion below the hopper 11. The outer periphery of 14 is provided so that it may wrap around spirally. Further, the screw screw blade 16 is provided so that the lower end portion is inserted into the inlet opening portion of the discharge port portion 13 below the hopper 11.

  The processed material delivery apparatus 10 includes an upper bearing portion 18 that holds the upper end portion of the screw shaft 17 that protrudes from the canopy portion of the hopper 11 and is exposed to the outside and rotatably supports the screw shaft 17. The upper bearing portion 18 has a function of hermetically sealing and can hold the screw shaft 17. The processed material delivery apparatus 10 includes a drive unit 19 that is connected to the upper end of the screw shaft 17 and rotates the screw shaft 17. For example, the drive unit 19 is configured so that the motor 20 is used as a driving force, the motor 20 and the screw shaft 17 are connected, and the screw shaft 17 can be rotated by the rotation of the motor 20.

  This processed material delivery device 10 has a lower end of a screw shaft 17 below a screw shaft 17 that is driven and supported while being inserted through a through-hole portion 21 provided in the middle of a bending pipe of a discharge port portion 13 below a hopper 11. A bearing 22 is provided. The lower bearing portion 22 is usually a dry bearing that is substantially maintenance-free. Further, the processed material delivery apparatus 10 includes a lower bearing support chamber 23 that supports the lower bearing portion 22 while keeping the airtightness of the lower bearing portion 22 and the through hole portion 21. And this processed material delivery apparatus 10 supports the screw shaft 17 with the upper bearing part 18 and the lower bearing part 22, can be rotated without generating a core runout in the screw shaft 17, and is efficient. The processed product can be sent out, and the deterioration of the sealing function due to runout can be prevented.

In the processed material delivery apparatus 10 described above, the shut-off valve 24 made of a ball valve or the like having a high hermetic sealing property provided at the outlet front end portion of the discharge port portion 13 is closed, and after the processed material is introduced from the input port 12, Is open. As soon as the shut-off valve 24 is opened, the processed material delivery device 10 agitates the processed material stored in the hopper 11 and gathered on the outer periphery of the hopper 11 by the rotation of the stirring shaft 15 by the rotation of the screw shaft 17. However, it has a mechanism that winds up and gathers it at the center of the hopper 11. With this mechanism, the processed material delivery apparatus 10 can reliably prevent a bridge failure in which the processed material partially stays above the hopper 11 even if the processed material has a low specific gravity.

  Further, the processed material delivery device 10 described above rotates the screw screw blade 16 that rotates the processed material that is stored in the hopper 11 and collects in the center of the hopper 11 in accordance with the rotation of the stirring rod 15. It has a mechanism which sends out through the shut-off valve 24 provided in the discharge port part 13 while pumping. With this mechanism, the processed material delivery apparatus 10 can efficiently deliver the processed material without concentrating the processed material on the discharge port 13.

Next, the screw shaft 17 used in the workpiece delivery device 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B). Here, FIG. 2 (A) is a front view of the screw shaft 17 used in the processed material delivery apparatus 10, and FIG. 2 (B) rotates the screw shaft 17 shown in FIG. 2 (A) by 90 °. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2 (A), the screw shaft 17 used in the processed material delivery apparatus 10 has one end of a metal rod-like arm for constituting the stirring rod 15 fixed to the rotary shaft 14. The other end is projected to the vicinity of the inner wall of the hopper 11 in the axial rotation radial direction, and a predetermined clearance is provided between the tip of the hopper 11 and the inner wall of the hopper 11 so as to extend along the inner wall of the hopper. It is preferable that the stirring rod 15 bends spirally and the screw screw blade 16 attached to the rotating shaft 14. The screw shaft 17 used in the processed material delivery apparatus 10 is configured such that the thrust direction applied to the processed material by the stirring rod 15 by the rotation of the screw shaft 17 is the thrust direction applied to the processed material by the screw screw blade 16. The stirring rod 15 and the screw screw blade 16 are preferably attached to the rotating shaft 14 so as to be in the opposite directions.

  As shown in FIG. 2 (B), the above-mentioned processed material delivery device 10 is provided on the other end side where the stirring rod 15 is curved in a spiral shape of a rod-shaped arm with respect to the normal rotation direction of the screw shaft 17. By rotating so that the tip is the last, an upward thrust is generated. At the same time, the processed material delivery device 10 generates a downward thrust by rotating the screw screw blade 16 with respect to the rotational direction of the screw shaft 17. As a result, the above-mentioned processed material delivery apparatus 10 has the inside of the hopper 11 out of the processed products stored in the hopper 11 by the rotation of the stirring rod 15 by the rotation of the screw shaft 17 and the rotation of the screw screw blade 16. The processed material stored in the outer peripheral portion can be rolled up while being stirred by the stirring rod 15 and collected at the central portion inside the hopper 11, and the processed material stored and collected at the central portion inside the hopper 11 can be collected. The screw screw blade 16 can be fed out while being pumped downward.

  In the processed material delivery device 10, one end of a metal rod is fixed and supported on the inner wall of the hopper 11, and the other end of the rod is moved above the stirrer 15 above the stirrer. A fixing rod 25 that extends horizontally at the center of the hopper 11 at a position that does not interfere with the rotation of 15 and is bent at a right angle upward or downward so that its tip is parallel to the rotation shaft 14. It is good to have. In the case where a plurality of stirring rods 15 are provided, the fixing rods 25 are preferably provided at positions that are close to the respective stirring rods 15. As a result, when the processed product is a cotton-like fibrous body, the processed product delivery device 10 prevents the processed product from clinging to the stirring rod 15 with the fixing rod 25 and preventing the stirring rod 15 from being entangled. Since it is possible to prevent the processed product from becoming a dumpling, for example, even if the processed product is a cotton-like fibrous body, the processed product can be sent out efficiently. .

  In the processed material delivery apparatus 10 described above, the pipe at which the discharge port portion 13 below the hopper 11 bends extends downward from the center of the bottom of the hopper 11 and a substantially S-shaped bent portion is provided in the middle of the extension. Thus, it is preferable that the through-hole portion 21 is provided in a bent portion at a position where the lower end of the rotary shaft 14 erected vertically at the center inside the hopper 11 can contact. As a result, the processed material delivery apparatus 10 is provided with the through-hole portion 21 in the pipe provided with the substantially S-shaped bent portion, and the rotating shaft 14 is inserted therethrough to the lower bearing portion 22 and the lower bearing support chamber. 23 can be provided outside the pipe, and even if the screw shaft 17 rotates and the stirring rod 15 or the screw screw blade 16 receives resistance of the processed material, the screw shaft 17 can be prevented from running out and treated. The processed material can be efficiently and reliably delivered without obstructing the delivery of the material from the discharge port portion 13.

As shown in FIG. 3, the above-described processed product delivery device 30 is connected to the above-described processed product delivery device 10 in the up-and-down direction. 10 is provided with a first shut-off valve 24a formed of a ball valve at the outlet end of the discharge port 13a of the first processed material delivery device 10a. In addition, the two connected processed material delivery device 30 includes a lower second processed material delivery device 10b connected up and down, which is similar to the above-described processed material delivery device 10, and the second processed material delivery device 10b. A second shut-off valve 24b composed of a ball valve is provided at the outlet end of the discharge port 13b. The two-linked processed material delivery device 30 is configured by connecting the first shut-off valve 24a of the first processed product delivery device 10a and the inlet 12b of the second processed product delivery device 10b.

When the second processed product delivery device 10b is operated, the two connected processed product delivery device 30 closes the ball valve of the first shut-off valve 24a of the first processed product delivery device 10a, and the second cutoff product delivery device 10b. The ball valve of the valve 24b is opened to secure the internal pressure in the hopper 11b of the second processed material delivery device 10b, and the processed material stored in the hopper 11b of the second processed material delivery device 10b is screwed. It has a mechanism for feeding the processed material into the hopper 11a from the charging port 12a of the first processed material delivery device 10a, while sending it by the rotation of the stirring rod 15b by the rotation of 17b and the screw screw blade 16b. In addition, when the second processed product delivery device 10b is stopped, the two connected processed product delivery device 30 closes the ball valve of the second shutoff valve 24b, and the first cutoff of the first processed product delivery device 10a. It has a mechanism for opening the ball valve of the valve 24a and operating the first processed material delivery device 10a to deliver the processed material into the hopper 11b of the second processed material delivery device 10b. Even if the high pressure or high temperature is generated in the processing object processing apparatus to which the processing object is sent out, and the influence reaches the inside of the two connecting process object sending apparatus 30, the inside of the two connection processing object sending apparatus 30 has a desired level. The processed material can be sent out while maintaining the high pressure or the high temperature.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as a processed material delivery device having an airtight seal function that can send out plastic strips cut into chips, cotton-like fiber bodies, and the like to a treatment device for reprocessing.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10: Processed material delivery apparatus, 10a: 1st processed material delivery apparatus, 10b: 2nd processed material delivery apparatus, 11, 11a, 11b: Hopper, 12, 12a, 12b: Input port, 13, 13a, 13b: Discharge port portion, 14: Rotating shaft, 15, 15b: Stirring rod, 16, 16b: Screw screw blade, 17, 17b: Screw shaft, 18: Upper bearing portion, 19: Drive portion, 20: Motor, 21: Through hole Part, 22: lower bearing part, 23: lower bearing support chamber, 24: shut-off valve, 25: fixed rod, 30: 2 connected product delivery device

Claims (2)

In the processed material delivery device for delivering the processed material that is introduced from the charging port at the top of the hopper and stored in the interior having an airtight function from the discharge port at the bottom of the hopper,
The processed material delivery device includes: a screw shaft provided by attaching a stirring rod and a screw screw blade to a rotating shaft that stands vertically at the center inside the hopper; and the screw that protrudes from the canopy portion of the hopper and is exposed to the outside. An upper bearing portion that holds the upper end of the shaft in an airtight seal and is rotatably supported, a drive unit that is connected to the upper end of the screw shaft and rotates the screw shaft, and a lower portion of the screw shaft A lower bearing portion that is driven while being inserted into and supported by a through-hole portion provided in the middle of a bending pipe of the discharge port portion at the lower portion of the hopper, and the airtightness of the through-hole portion and the lower bearing portion is maintained. A lower bearing support chamber for supporting the lower bearing portion;
After closing the shut-off valve provided at the outlet front end of the discharge port and feeding the processed material from the feed port, the shut-off valve is opened and stored in the hopper and gathered at the outer periphery of the hopper A mechanism that rolls up the processed product while stirring it by the rotation of the stirring rod by the rotation of the screw shaft and gathers it to the central portion inside the hopper, and the processed product that gathers at the central portion inside the hopper In the processed material delivery apparatus having a mechanism for delivering the pressure through the shut-off valve provided at the discharge port portion while being pumped by the rotation of the screw screw blade that rotates in accordance with the rotation of the stirring rod,
The processed material delivery device has one end of a rod-shaped body supported on the inner wall of the hopper, and the other end side extends horizontally to the central portion of the hopper at an upper position that does not interfere with the rotation of the stirring rod. And a fixed bar provided by bending the tip portion thereof vertically or downward so as to be parallel to the rotation axis. A two-linked workpiece delivery device for connecting the workpiece delivery device according to claim 1 up and down,
The two connected processed product delivery devices include a first shut-off valve composed of a ball valve at an outlet tip of the discharge port portion of the upper first processed product delivery device, and a lower second processed product delivery device. A second shutoff valve comprising the ball valve is provided at the outlet front end of the discharge port, and the first shutoff valve and the input port of the second processed material delivery device are connected to each other. During the operation of the second processed material delivery device, the ball valve of the first cutoff valve is closed, the ball valve of the second cutoff valve is opened, and the inside of the second processed material delivery device is A mechanism that feeds the processed material while securing the internal pressure of the first processed material feeding device, and puts the processed material into the hopper of the first processed material feeding device, and when the second processed material feeding device is stopped, the volume of the second shut-off valve Close Rubarubu, the first to open the ball valve of the shut-off valve, the first treatment product delivery device activates the feeding the treated product into said hopper of the second treatment product dispensing apparatus mechanism A two-piece processed product delivery device characterized by comprising:

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