JP5019937B2 - Control device for adjusting reactive power - Google Patents

Control device for adjusting reactive power Download PDF

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JP5019937B2
JP5019937B2 JP2007107413A JP2007107413A JP5019937B2 JP 5019937 B2 JP5019937 B2 JP 5019937B2 JP 2007107413 A JP2007107413 A JP 2007107413A JP 2007107413 A JP2007107413 A JP 2007107413A JP 5019937 B2 JP5019937 B2 JP 5019937B2
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reactive power
value
power
distribution line
measurement data
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JP2008271626A (en
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保憲 武内
一成 真木
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Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Description

本発明は、無効電力を調整する制御装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a control device that adjusts reactive power.

電力の需要家が電力会社と契約し、電力会社の電力系統から受電する場合には、基準電圧を維持することを目的として、契約の中で需要家の設備に対して負荷電流の力率制約及び受電点におけるΔＶ１０値の制約を課している。 When a power consumer contracts with a power company and receives power from the power system of the power company, the power factor constraint of the load current is imposed on the customer's equipment in the contract for the purpose of maintaining the reference voltage. And impose restrictions on the ΔV 10 value at the power receiving point.

ここで、負荷電流の力率は、交流で電圧と電流との間に位相ずれθがあるとき、ｃｏｓθで示される値（皮相電力の大きさに対する有効電力の大きさの割合）であり、大きいほど（１に近いほど）位相ずれθが少なく、無効電力が少ないことになる。従って、力率は、０〜１の間の所定値以上であることが求められる。   Here, when the power factor of the load current is AC and there is a phase shift θ between the voltage and the current, it is a value indicated by cos θ (the ratio of the magnitude of the effective power to the magnitude of the apparent power), which is large. The closer (closer to 1), the smaller the phase shift θ and the less reactive power. Accordingly, the power factor is required to be not less than a predetermined value between 0 and 1.

また、ΔＶ１０値は、フリッカ率とも呼ばれ、照明負荷における照明器具の点滅（フリッカ）の大きさを示す値である。フリッカは、大きな負荷設備が起動したり、一時的な過負荷状態で大電流が流れたりすることで、電圧降下が発生することによるので、他の需要家にも伝播し、影響する可能性があるため、フリッカの頻発を抑止する対策が必要になる。従って、ΔＶ１０値は、所定値以下であることが求められる。
特開２００４−１５９４７１号公報 The ΔV 10 value is also referred to as a flicker rate, and is a value indicating the magnitude of flickering of a lighting fixture in a lighting load. Flicker is caused by a voltage drop caused by a large load facility being started or a large current flowing in a temporary overload condition, so it can be propagated to other customers and affected. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to suppress the frequent occurrence of flicker. Accordingly, the ΔV 10 value is required to be equal to or less than a predetermined value.
JP 2004-159471 A

需要家の設備仕様が力率やΔＶ１０値の制約に収まらない場合には、需要家の負担により、制約を満たすための装置（コンデンサや電圧変動抑制装置等）を設置する必要がある。このような装置を設置するには、初期費用及び維持費用がかかり、需要家は大きな負担を強いられることになる。なお、特許文献１には、電力系統の力率改善を図る自動力率調整装置について開示されている。 When the customer's equipment specifications do not fall within the power factor and ΔV 10 value constraints, it is necessary to install devices (capacitors, voltage fluctuation suppression devices, etc.) to satisfy the constraints due to the customer's burden. Installation of such a device requires initial costs and maintenance costs, and a heavy burden is placed on the consumer. Patent Document 1 discloses an automatic power factor adjustment device that improves the power factor of a power system.

本発明は、上記課題を鑑みてなされたものであり、その主たる目的は、電力系統からの受電に際して求められる力率やΔＶ１０値の制約に対して、需要家が負担する費用を節減することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its main purpose is to reduce the cost borne by consumers against power factor and ΔV 10 value restrictions required for receiving power from the power system. It is in.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明は、送電線を介して発電機から電力を受け、配電線を介して需要家負荷に電力を供給する変圧器が設けられた変電所に備えられ、前記需要家負荷に係る無効電力を調整する制御装置であって、前記変圧器と前記需要家負荷とを結ぶ配電線に設けられた、無効電力計及び電圧計の夫々と通信可能に接続され、前記配電線に無効電力供給装置を接続するか否かを制御する第１遮断器と通信可能に接続され、前記配電線に電力用コンデンサを接続するか否かを制御する第２遮断器と通信可能に接続され、前記無効電力計から、前記需要家負荷に係る無効電力値を取得するとともに、前記電圧計から、前記需要家負荷に係る所定期間の電圧値を取得する、測定データ取得部と、前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記無効電力値が所定値以上であり、かつ、前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記所定期間の電圧値が変動している場合に、前記第１遮断器又は前記第２遮断器を制御して、前記配電線に、前記無効電力供給装置又は前記電力用コンデンサのうちの何れか一方を接続する処理部とを備えることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention receives power from the generator via the transmission line, provided in substations transformer supplying power is provided to the consumer load via the distribution line, wherein A control device for adjusting reactive power related to a consumer load, provided on a distribution line connecting the transformer and the consumer load, connected to each of a reactive power meter and a voltmeter, Communication is possible with the first circuit breaker that controls whether or not the reactive power supply device is connected to the distribution line, and communication is possible with the second circuit breaker that controls whether or not a power capacitor is connected to the distribution line. A measurement data acquisition unit that acquires a reactive power value related to the consumer load from the reactive power meter, and acquires a voltage value for a predetermined period related to the consumer load from the voltmeter ; The measurement data acquisition unit has acquired the Active power value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and the measurement when the voltage value of the predetermined period in which the data acquisition unit has acquired is varying, by controlling the first breaker and the second breaker, The distribution line includes a processing unit that connects either the reactive power supply device or the power capacitor .

この構成によれば、無効電力を調整するための装置を需要家ではなく電力会社（変電所）に設置するので、需要家にとっては、当該装置の設置に係る初期費用や維持費用、その設置スペースに係る費用を削減することができる。電力会社にとっては、需要家に対する当該装置の設置に係る費用削減という効果によって、新たな需要家との電力契約を獲得でき、契約数を伸ばすことができる。   According to this configuration, since the device for adjusting reactive power is installed in the power company (substation) instead of the consumer, the initial cost and maintenance cost for installing the device, and the installation space for the consumer are installed. The cost related to can be reduced. For an electric power company, it is possible to acquire a power contract with a new consumer and to increase the number of contracts due to the effect of cost reduction related to installation of the device for the consumer.

また、本発明は、制御装置であって、前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記無効電力値が所定値以上であり、かつ、前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記所定期間の電圧値が変動しており、かつ、前記電圧値の変動周期が所定値以下である場合には、前記第１遮断器を制御して前記配電線に前記無効電力供給装置を接続し、前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記無効電力値が所定値以上であり、かつ、前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記所定期間の電圧値が変動しており、かつ、前記電圧値の変動周期が所定値より大きい場合には、前記第２遮断器を制御して前記配電線に前記電力用コンデンサを接続することを特徴とする。 Further, the present invention is a control device, wherein the reactive power value acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and the voltage value of the predetermined period acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit varies. And when the fluctuation cycle of the voltage value is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the reactive power supply device is connected to the distribution line by controlling the first circuit breaker, and the measurement data acquisition unit acquires When the reactive power value is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the voltage value of the predetermined period acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit is fluctuating, and the fluctuation cycle of the voltage value is greater than a predetermined value The second circuit breaker is controlled to connect the power capacitor to the distribution line .

この構成によれば、需要家負荷に接続する配電線の電圧変動の周期が所定値以下である場合には、電力用コンデンサでは対応できないので、無効電力補償装置を接続する。電圧変動の周期が所定値より大きい場合には、電力用コンデンサを接続する。これによれば、安価な電力用コンデンサを極力使用しながら、電圧変動を抑止するのにやむを得ず必要な場合には高価な無効電力補償装置を使用するので、装置の寿命及び価格の面から有利な運用ができる。   According to this configuration, when the period of voltage fluctuation of the distribution line connected to the consumer load is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the power capacitor cannot be used, so the reactive power compensator is connected. When the voltage fluctuation period is larger than a predetermined value, a power capacitor is connected. According to this, an inexpensive reactive power compensator is used when it is unavoidable to suppress voltage fluctuations while using an inexpensive power capacitor as much as possible, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of the life and price of the device. Operation is possible.

その他、本願が開示する課題及びその解決方法は、発明を実施するための最良の形態の欄、及び図面により明らかにされる。   In addition, the problems disclosed in the present application and the solutions thereof will be clarified by the column of the best mode for carrying out the invention and the drawings.

本発明によれば、電力系統からの受電に際して求められる力率やΔＶ１０値の制約に対して、需要家が負担する費用を節減することができる。 According to the present invention, it may be reduced for the constraint of the power factor and [Delta] V 10 values determined upon receiving from the power system, the cost of customer will bear.

以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を説明する。本発明の実施の形態に係る無効電力を調整する制御装置は、変電所において、需要家の負荷に対して電力を供給する配電線における無効電力及び電圧の測定データを取得し、その測定データから判断した場合の無効電力調整の要否に応じて、配電線に所定の装置を接続することによって無効電力調整を行うものである。また、配電線における電圧変動の周期に応じて、配電線に接続する装置を選択する。   Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. A control device for adjusting reactive power according to an embodiment of the present invention acquires measurement data of reactive power and voltage in a distribution line that supplies power to a consumer's load at a substation, and from the measurement data The reactive power adjustment is performed by connecting a predetermined device to the distribution line according to whether or not the reactive power adjustment is necessary. Moreover, the apparatus connected to a distribution line is selected according to the period of the voltage fluctuation in a distribution line.

≪システムの構成と概要≫
図１は、無効電力調整システムの構成を示す図である。無効電力調整システム１００は、変電所１が、送電線２を介して発電機Ｇに接続され、配電線３を介して需要家負荷Ｌに接続されて構成される。発電機Ｇは、発電所に設置される各種発電機であり、所定の動力から電力を生成し、その電力を送電線２経由で変電所１に供給する。なお、送電線２上の発電機Ｇ付近には、図示しない自動電圧調整装置（ＡＶＲ：Automatic Voltage Regulator）が設けられ、発電機Ｇの端子電圧を基準値に保つために自動的に界磁電流を調整している。自動電圧調整装置の動作は、後記する変電所１の制御装置５の動作とは独立して行われる。 ≪System configuration and overview≫
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a reactive power adjustment system. The reactive power adjustment system 100 is configured such that a substation 1 is connected to a generator G via a transmission line 2 and connected to a customer load L via a distribution line 3. The generator G is various generators installed in the power plant, generates electric power from predetermined power, and supplies the electric power to the substation 1 via the transmission line 2. In addition, an automatic voltage regulator (AVR: Automatic Voltage Regulator) (not shown) is provided near the generator G on the transmission line 2 to automatically maintain a field current to keep the terminal voltage of the generator G at a reference value. Is adjusted. The operation of the automatic voltage regulator is performed independently of the operation of the control device 5 of the substation 1 described later.

需要家負荷Ｌは、住宅や事業所等の需要家に設置される電力消費設備であり、変電所１から配電線３経由で電力の供給を受ける。需要家設備Ｌの仕様又は不具合によっては、配電線３において無効電力が大きくなって力率が悪化したり、フリッカが起きて電圧変動が頻発したりすることがある。そこで、力率を改善したり、電圧変動を抑止したりするために、変電所１は次のような構成を備える。   The customer load L is a power consumption facility installed in a consumer such as a house or a business office, and receives power supply from the substation 1 via the distribution line 3. Depending on the specification or malfunction of the customer equipment L, reactive power may increase in the distribution line 3 and the power factor may deteriorate, or flicker may occur and voltage fluctuations may occur frequently. Therefore, in order to improve the power factor or suppress voltage fluctuations, the substation 1 has the following configuration.

すなわち、変電所１は、変圧器４、制御装置５、電圧計６、無効電力計７、遮断器８及び無効電力補償装置１０を備える。また、遮断器８及びコンデンサ９が需要家負荷Ｌの付近（例えば、電柱等）に設置される。変圧器４は、送電線２を介して受けた電力を変圧し、変圧後の電力を配電線３に供給する。制御装置５は、電圧計６及び無効電力計７から取得した測定データに基づいて無効電力調整の要否を判断し、調整が必要な場合に遮断器８に閉路指示を行って、配電線３にコンデンサ９又は無効電力補償装置１０を接続する。制御装置５の構成及び無効電力調整の要否判断に関する詳細は、後記する。電圧計６は、配電線３にかかる電圧を測定し、その測定データを制御装置５に送信する。無効電力計７は、配電線３を通る電力の無効電力分を測定し、その測定データを制御装置５に送信する。   That is, the substation 1 includes a transformer 4, a control device 5, a voltmeter 6, a reactive power meter 7, a circuit breaker 8, and a reactive power compensation device 10. Moreover, the circuit breaker 8 and the capacitor | condenser 9 are installed in the vicinity of the consumer load L (for example, utility pole etc.). The transformer 4 transforms the power received via the transmission line 2 and supplies the transformed power to the distribution line 3. The control device 5 determines whether or not the reactive power adjustment is necessary based on the measurement data acquired from the voltmeter 6 and the reactive power meter 7, and when the adjustment is necessary, instructs the circuit breaker 8 to close the distribution line 3. The capacitor 9 or the reactive power compensator 10 is connected to. Details regarding the configuration of the control device 5 and the necessity determination of reactive power adjustment will be described later. The voltmeter 6 measures the voltage applied to the distribution line 3 and transmits the measurement data to the control device 5. The reactive power meter 7 measures the reactive power component of the power passing through the distribution line 3 and transmits the measurement data to the control device 5.

遮断器８は、配電線３と、コンデンサ９又は無効電力補償装置１０との間に接続され、制御装置５からの開閉指示に応じて開路又は閉路の動作を行う。この動作によって、コンデンサ９又は無効電力補償装置１０が配電線３から開放されたり、配電線３に接続されたりすることになるので、配電線３における無効電力の調整が無効になったり、有効になったりする。コンデンサ９は、電力用コンデンサ（ＳＣ：Static Condenser）であり、無効電力の調整が進相で段階的にしかできないが、電力損失が小さく、安価であり、保守が容易であるという特徴を有する。コンデンサ９の容量については、配電線３に接続されている需要家負荷Ｌの状態を無効電力計７で見ながら、必要な値が定められる。また、遮断器８の開閉によって、配電線３に接続されるコンデンサ９の台数を変更できるので、電力用コンデンサの全体容量を調整することができる。無効電力補償装置１０は、静止型無効電力補償装置（ＳＶＣ：Static Var. Compensator）であり、無効電力の調整が進相から遅相まで連続的に可能であるが、電力損失がやや大きく、高価な上、保守がやや煩雑であるという特徴を有する。コンデンサ９及び無効電力補償装置１０は、制御装置５により配電線３における電圧変動の周期に応じて選択されることになるが、コンデンサ９及び無効電力補償装置１０の特徴を鑑みると、壊れても保守し易く、安価なコンデンサ９を極力使用するような判断が行われる。   The circuit breaker 8 is connected between the distribution line 3 and the capacitor 9 or the reactive power compensator 10, and opens or closes in response to an opening / closing instruction from the control device 5. By this operation, the capacitor 9 or the reactive power compensator 10 is released from the distribution line 3 or connected to the distribution line 3, so that the adjustment of the reactive power in the distribution line 3 becomes invalid or effective. It becomes. The capacitor 9 is a power capacitor (SC: Static Condenser), and the reactive power can be adjusted only in a phased manner, but has a feature that power loss is small, the cost is low, and maintenance is easy. About the capacity | capacitance of the capacitor | condenser 9, a required value is defined, seeing the state of the consumer load L connected to the distribution line 3 with the reactive power meter 7. FIG. In addition, since the number of capacitors 9 connected to the distribution line 3 can be changed by opening and closing the circuit breaker 8, the overall capacity of the power capacitor can be adjusted. The reactive power compensator 10 is a static reactive power compensator (SVC: Static Var. Compensator), and can continuously adjust reactive power from the leading phase to the lagging phase, but the power loss is somewhat large and expensive. In addition, the maintenance is somewhat complicated. The capacitor 9 and the reactive power compensator 10 are selected by the control device 5 in accordance with the period of voltage fluctuation in the distribution line 3, but in view of the characteristics of the capacitor 9 and the reactive power compensator 10, A determination is made to use a capacitor 9 that is easy to maintain and inexpensive as much as possible.

図２は、制御装置の構成を示す図である。制御装置５は、測定データ取得部５１、遮断器指示部５２、処理部５３及び記憶部５４を備える。測定データ取得部５１は、電圧計６及び無効電力計７から測定データを取得するものであり、電圧計６及び無効電力計７とは通信路を介して接続されている。遮断器指示部５２は、処理部５３からの指示により遮断器８に対して開閉指示を行う。この開閉指示によって遮断器８が開路又は閉路することになる。遮断器指示部５２は、遮断器８とは通信路を介して接続されている。処理部５３は、測定データ取得部５１が取得した測定データを記憶部５４に記憶し、その測定データに基づいて無効電力調整の要否を判断し、調整が必要であれば、遮断器８に閉路を指示する。処理部５３は、ＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）が所定のメモリに格納されたプログラムを実行することによって実現される。記憶部５４は、処理部５３からデータを記憶したり、記憶したデータを読み出したりする。記憶部５４は、フラッシュメモリやハードディスク装置等の不揮発性記憶装置によって実現される。   FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the control device. The control device 5 includes a measurement data acquisition unit 51, a circuit breaker instruction unit 52, a processing unit 53, and a storage unit 54. The measurement data acquisition unit 51 acquires measurement data from the voltmeter 6 and the reactive power meter 7, and is connected to the voltmeter 6 and the reactive power meter 7 via a communication path. The circuit breaker instruction unit 52 issues an opening / closing instruction to the circuit breaker 8 according to an instruction from the processing unit 53. The circuit breaker 8 is opened or closed by this opening / closing instruction. The circuit breaker instruction unit 52 is connected to the circuit breaker 8 via a communication path. The processing unit 53 stores the measurement data acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit 51 in the storage unit 54, determines whether or not the reactive power adjustment is necessary based on the measurement data, and if necessary, adjusts the circuit breaker 8 to the circuit breaker 8. Instruct the closing. The processing unit 53 is realized by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) executing a program stored in a predetermined memory. The storage unit 54 stores data from the processing unit 53 and reads the stored data. The storage unit 54 is realized by a nonvolatile storage device such as a flash memory or a hard disk device.

≪システムの処理≫
図３は、無効電力の調整処理を示すフローチャートである。ここでは、制御装置５の動作を中心に説明する。なお、本処理は、周期的に行われるものとする。 ≪System processing≫
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating reactive power adjustment processing. Here, the operation of the control device 5 will be mainly described. Note that this processing is performed periodically.

最初に、制御装置５は、測定データを取得し、記憶する（Ｓ３０１）。具体的には、まず、測定データ取得部５１が、電圧計６から配電線３にかかる電圧値のデータを取得し、無効電力計７から配電線３を通る無効電力値のデータを取得する。次に、処理部５３が、測定データ取得部５１の取得した測定データを記憶部５４に受け渡す。そして、記憶部５４が、処理部５３から渡された測定データを記憶する。   First, the control device 5 acquires and stores measurement data (S301). Specifically, first, the measurement data acquisition unit 51 acquires voltage value data applied to the distribution line 3 from the voltmeter 6, and acquires reactive power value data passing through the distribution line 3 from the reactive power meter 7. Next, the processing unit 53 delivers the measurement data acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit 51 to the storage unit 54. And the memory | storage part 54 memorize | stores the measurement data passed from the process part 53. FIG.

続いて、処理部５３が、測定データのうち、無効電力値の変動があったか否かを判定する（Ｓ３０２）。具体的には、無効電力値が所定値以上であるか否かを判定する。皮相電力値に対する有効電力値の割合である力率が所定値以下であれば、無効電力の調整が必要になるからである。無効電力値の変動がなければ（Ｓ３０２のＮ）、無効電力の調整が不要なので、そのまま処理を終了する。   Subsequently, the processing unit 53 determines whether or not the reactive power value has changed in the measurement data (S302). Specifically, it is determined whether or not the reactive power value is greater than or equal to a predetermined value. This is because if the power factor, which is the ratio of the active power value to the apparent power value, is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the reactive power needs to be adjusted. If there is no change in the reactive power value (N in S302), the reactive power adjustment is unnecessary, and the process is terminated.

無効電力値の変動があれば（Ｓ３０２のＹ）、処理部５３が、測定データのうち、電圧値の変動があったか否かを判定する（Ｓ３０３）。具体的には、所定の期間だけ電圧値を取得しながら記憶部５４に記憶、蓄積し、その間の電圧値が変動しているか否かを判定する。電圧値の変動がなければ（Ｓ３０３のＮ）、ここでは、「無効電力値の変動かつ電圧値の変動」を無効電力調整の条件にしており、その条件に合わないので、そのまま発電機Ｇにより無効電力を配電線３に供給する（Ｓ３０４）。   If there is a change in the reactive power value (Y in S302), the processing unit 53 determines whether there is a change in the voltage value in the measurement data (S303). Specifically, the voltage value is acquired and stored in the storage unit 54 only for a predetermined period, and it is determined whether or not the voltage value during that time fluctuates. If there is no fluctuation in the voltage value (N in S303), here, “variation in reactive power value and fluctuation in voltage value” is set as the reactive power adjustment condition. Reactive power is supplied to the distribution line 3 (S304).

電圧値の変動があれば（Ｓ３０３のＹ）、「無効電力値の変動かつ電圧値の変動」の条件に合致するので、無効電力を調整する必要がある。そこで、処理部５３が、電圧値が短周期変動か否かを判定する（Ｓ３０５）。これは、記憶部５４に蓄積された電圧値から、その変動周期を抽出し、その変動周期が所定値（例えば、ΔＶ１０に係るしきい値）以下であるか否かを判定するものであり、その判定に応じて無効電力を調整するための装置を選択するものである。なお、先にも述べたように、装置の寿命及び安価という観点から極力コンデンサ９を選択するように所定値が設定されるものとする。 If there is a variation in voltage value (Y in S303), the condition of “variation in reactive power value and variation in voltage value” is met, so it is necessary to adjust the reactive power. Therefore, the processing unit 53 determines whether or not the voltage value has a short period fluctuation (S305). This is to extract the fluctuation period from the voltage value accumulated in the storage unit 54 and determine whether or not the fluctuation period is equal to or less than a predetermined value (for example, a threshold value related to ΔV 10 ). The device for adjusting the reactive power is selected according to the determination. As described above, it is assumed that the predetermined value is set so that the capacitor 9 is selected as much as possible from the viewpoint of the life of the apparatus and the low cost.

短周期変動であれば（Ｓ３０５のＹ）、フリッカによる電圧変動が考えられ、コンデンサ９では抑止できないので、処理部５３が、無効電力補償装置１０を起動し（Ｓ３０６）、無効電力補償装置１０により無効電力を供給する（Ｓ３０７）。これは、処理部５３の指示により、遮断器指示部５２が、無効電力補償装置１０が接続されている遮断器８に閉路指示を行うことによる。   If it is a short cycle fluctuation (Y in S305), voltage fluctuation due to flicker is considered and cannot be suppressed by the capacitor 9, so the processing unit 53 activates the reactive power compensator 10 (S306), and the reactive power compensator 10 Reactive power is supplied (S307). This is because the circuit breaker instruction unit 52 issues a closing instruction to the circuit breaker 8 to which the reactive power compensator 10 is connected according to an instruction from the processing unit 53.

短周期変動でなければ（Ｓ３０５のＮ）、フリッカではなく、一時的な電圧低下が発生していると考えられるので、処理部５３が、コンデンサ９を投入し（Ｓ３０８）、コンデンサ９により無効電力を供給する（Ｓ３０９）。これは、処理部５３の指示により、遮断器指示部５２が、コンデンサ９が接続されている遮断器８に閉路指示を行うことによる。   If the fluctuation is not a short cycle (N in S305), it is considered that a temporary voltage drop has occurred instead of flicker. Therefore, the processing unit 53 inserts the capacitor 9 (S308), and the capacitor 9 causes the reactive power. Is supplied (S309). This is because the circuit breaker instruction unit 52 instructs the circuit breaker 8 to which the capacitor 9 is connected to close the circuit according to an instruction from the processing unit 53.

なお、電圧計６の電圧が所定値以上になったときには、制御装置５からコンデンサ９の遮断器８に開路指示が出されて、コンデンサ９が配電線３に対して未接続になる。また、無効電力補償装置１０が配電線３に接続されていなくてもΔＶ１０値が所定値以下になると認識されたときには、制御装置５から無効電力補償装置１０の遮断器８に開路指示が出されて、無効電力補償装置１０が配電線３に対して未接続になる。 When the voltage of the voltmeter 6 becomes a predetermined value or more, an opening instruction is issued from the control device 5 to the circuit breaker 8 of the capacitor 9, and the capacitor 9 is not connected to the distribution line 3. Further, even when the reactive power compensator 10 is not connected to the distribution line 3, when it is recognized that the ΔV 10 value is equal to or less than the predetermined value, an opening instruction is issued from the control device 5 to the circuit breaker 8 of the reactive power compensator 10. Thus, the reactive power compensator 10 is not connected to the distribution line 3.

≪需要家に対するサービスの提供方法≫
本発明の実施形態は、電力系統からの受電の際に従来需要家側が行っていた無効電力を調整するための装置の設置の代わりに、電力会社側で無効電力の調整を行い、所定値以下の無効電力を保証することによって、需要家側の負担を節減するものである。電力会社は需要家側の装置設置義務をなくしたので、需要家は装置設置に係る初期費用や維持費用から解放される。これによれば、電力会社は、所定値以下の無効電力を保証するというサービスの対価として、従来需要家が負担していた装置設置に係る費用より安く設定した手数料（割増料金）を徴収するようにしてもよいと考えられる。需要家からみると、装置の設置スペースに係る費用もなくなるので、従来負担していた費用より安い手数料を支払ったとしても、無効電力調整に係るコストを十分削減したことになるからである。一方、電力会社にとっては、受電の際の条件を緩和することによって需要家の契約が増えることを期待できるとともに、手数料を徴収することによって装置設置に係る費用を回収することができる。なお、課金については、例えば、所定の期間内における無効電力の積算値の数％といった従量制等が考えられる。 ≪How to provide services to consumers≫
In the embodiment of the present invention, instead of installing a device for adjusting reactive power that is conventionally performed by the customer side when receiving power from the power system, the reactive power is adjusted on the power company side, and the predetermined value or less. By guaranteeing the reactive power, the burden on the customer side is reduced. Since the electric power company has removed the obligation to install the equipment on the consumer side, the consumer is free from the initial cost and maintenance cost related to the equipment installation. According to this, the electric power company will collect a fee (extra charge) set at a lower price than the cost related to the installation of equipment that has been borne by the conventional customer as a price for the service of guaranteeing reactive power below a predetermined value. I think that it may be. This is because the cost associated with the installation space of the apparatus is eliminated from the viewpoint of the customer, and thus the cost related to the reactive power adjustment is sufficiently reduced even if a fee lower than the cost previously borne is paid. On the other hand, for electric power companies, it can be expected that the contracts of consumers will increase by relaxing the conditions at the time of receiving power, and it is possible to recover the cost for installing the equipment by collecting a fee. For billing, for example, a pay-as-you-go system such as a few percent of the integrated value of reactive power within a predetermined period can be considered.

以上の観点からすれば、上記実施形態では、変電所１において配電線３にコンデンサ９又は無効電力補償装置１０を接続するように記載したが、その他の方法に基づくサービスを需要家に提供するようにしてもよい。例えば、力率の制約がある場合には、電柱から需要家に接続される電線にコンデンサ９（電力用コンデンサ）を設置してもよいし、発電所において無効電力を発生させて、需要家に供給するようにしてもよい。また、力率やΔＶ１０の制約がある場合に、従来と同様に力率やΔＶ１０を改善する装置を需要家側に設置する形態をとるが、電力会社が当該装置の選定、手配、設置、メンテナンス等を一括して行うことが考えられる。 From the above viewpoint, in the above-described embodiment, the capacitor 9 or the reactive power compensator 10 is described as being connected to the distribution line 3 in the substation 1. However, services based on other methods are provided to consumers. It may be. For example, when there is a power factor restriction, a capacitor 9 (power capacitor) may be installed on the electric wire connected from the utility pole to the consumer, or reactive power is generated at the power plant to the consumer. You may make it supply. Also, if there is a restriction of the power factor and [Delta] V 10, take the form of installing a conventional apparatus for improving power factor and [Delta] V 10 similarly to the customer side, but the selection of the power company the apparatus, arrangements, installation It is conceivable to perform maintenance etc. in a lump.

以上本発明の実施の形態について説明したが、図１に示す変電所１の制御装置５を機能させるために、処理部（ＣＰＵ）５３で実行されるプログラムをコンピュータにより読み取り可能な記録媒体に記録し、その記録したプログラムをコンピュータに読み込ませ、実行させることにより、本発明の実施の形態に係る無効電力調整システム１００が実現されるものとする。なお、プログラムをインターネット等のネットワーク経由でコンピュータに提供してもよいし、プログラムが書き込まれた半導体チップ等をコンピュータに組み込んでもよい。   Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, in order to make the control device 5 of the substation 1 shown in FIG. 1 function, the program executed by the processing unit (CPU) 53 is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium. And the reactive power adjustment system 100 which concerns on embodiment of this invention shall be implement | achieved by making the computer read the recorded program and making it run. Note that the program may be provided to the computer via a network such as the Internet, or a semiconductor chip or the like in which the program is written may be incorporated in the computer.

以上、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について説明したが、上記実施の形態は本発明の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本発明を限定して解釈するためのものではない。本発明はその趣旨を逸脱することなく変更、改良され得るとともに、本発明にはその等価物も含まれる。   Although the best mode for carrying out the present invention has been described above, the above embodiment is intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and equivalents thereof are also included in the present invention.

無効電力調整システムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of a reactive power adjustment system. 制御装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of a control apparatus. 無効電力の調整処理を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the reactive power adjustment process.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 変電所
２ 送電線
３ 配電線
５ 制御装置
５１ 測定データ取得部
５３ 処理部
Ｇ 発電機
Ｌ 需要家負荷 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substation 2 Transmission line 3 Distribution line 5 Control apparatus 51 Measurement data acquisition part 53 Processing part G Generator L Consumer load

Claims (2)

送電線を介して発電機から電力を受け、配電線を介して需要家負荷に電力を供給する変圧器が設けられた変電所に備えられ、前記需要家負荷に係る無効電力を調整する制御装置であって、
前記変圧器と前記需要家負荷とを結ぶ配電線に設けられた、無効電力計及び電圧計の夫々と通信可能に接続され、
前記配電線に無効電力供給装置を接続するか否かを制御する第１遮断器と通信可能に接続され、
前記配電線に電力用コンデンサを接続するか否かを制御する第２遮断器と通信可能に接続され、
前記無効電力計から、前記需要家負荷に係る無効電力値を取得するとともに、前記電圧計から、前記需要家負荷に係る所定期間の電圧値を取得する、測定データ取得部と、
前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記無効電力値が所定値以上であり、かつ、前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記所定期間の電圧値が変動している場合に、前記第１遮断器又は前記第２遮断器を制御して、前記配電線に、前記無効電力供給装置又は前記電力用コンデンサのうちの何れか一方を接続する処理部と
を備えることを特徴とする制御装置。 A control device that is provided in a substation provided with a transformer that receives electric power from a generator via a transmission line and supplies electric power to a consumer load via a distribution line, and adjusts reactive power related to the consumer load. Because
Provided on the distribution line connecting the transformer and the consumer load, and connected to each of the reactive power meter and the voltmeter,
Connected to the first circuit breaker for controlling whether or not to connect the reactive power supply device to the distribution line,
Connected to the second circuit breaker for controlling whether or not to connect a power capacitor to the distribution line,
A measurement data acquisition unit that acquires a reactive power value related to the consumer load from the reactive power meter, and acquires a voltage value of a predetermined period related to the consumer load from the voltmeter ;
When the reactive power value acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit is a predetermined value or more and the voltage value of the predetermined period acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit is fluctuating, the first circuit breaker or the A control device comprising: a processing unit that controls the second circuit breaker and connects either the reactive power supply device or the power capacitor to the distribution line . 請求項１に記載の制御装置であって、
前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記無効電力値が所定値以上であり、かつ、前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記所定期間の電圧値が変動しており、かつ、前記電圧値の変動周期が所定値以下である場合には、前記第１遮断器を制御して前記配電線に前記無効電力供給装置を接続し、
前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記無効電力値が所定値以上であり、かつ、前記測定データ取得部が取得した前記所定期間の電圧値が変動しており、かつ、前記電圧値の変動周期が所定値より大きい場合には、前記第２遮断器を制御して前記配電線に前記電力用コンデンサを接続する
ことを特徴とする制御装置。 The control device according to claim 1,
The reactive power value acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the voltage value of the predetermined period acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit is fluctuating, and the fluctuation cycle of the voltage value is If the predetermined value or less, the first circuit breaker is controlled to connect the reactive power supply device to the distribution line,
The reactive power value acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the voltage value of the predetermined period acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit is fluctuating, and the fluctuation cycle of the voltage value is When larger than a predetermined value, the second circuit breaker is controlled to connect the power capacitor to the distribution line .
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