JP5002673B2 - Scroll compressor and refrigeration system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention includes a scroll compression mechanism having a fixed scroll and a turning scroll, and a back chamber filled with a gas refrigerant is provided on the back of at least one scroll end plate, and one scroll is moved to the other by the refrigerant gas pressure in the back pressure chamber. The present invention relates to a scroll compressor and a refrigeration apparatus that are structured to be pressed against each other.

  There is known a scroll compressor that includes a compression mechanism including a fixed scroll and an orbiting scroll, and a drive unit that drives the compression mechanism, and in which the compression mechanism and the drive unit are housed in a hermetically sealed container. Is often used in refrigeration cycles composed of condensers, expansion valves, evaporators, and the like. Further, in the refrigeration cycle having such a configuration, by injecting the gas refrigerant downstream of the condenser into the compression chamber, the enthalpy difference before and after the evaporator is increased, the refrigeration capacity is increased, and the COP of the refrigeration cycle is improved. Technology is also known.

  On the other hand, in compressors for refrigeration or refrigeration that require operation at a high pressure ratio, or compressors for cold district air conditioners that require operation at a high pressure ratio during heating, a low upstream of the expansion valve is required. In some cases, the temperature of the discharge gas is lowered by injecting a liquid refrigerant having a temperature into the compression chamber, thereby suppressing an increase in the motor winding temperature and expanding the operating range.

  Further, it is also known that the gas injection and the liquid injection are selectively used in the same compressor as required so that the refrigeration cycle COP can be improved and the operation range can be expanded.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-229496 JP-A-5-302760

  As a scroll compressor that has a back chamber filled with gas refrigerant on the back of the scroll and presses one scroll against the other scroll by the refrigerant gas pressure in the back chamber, the back chamber is filled with suction gas or intermediate pressure gas. And a space filled with a gas having a discharge pressure. In such a case, since one scroll is pressed against the other scroll by the sum of the suction gas pressure or the intermediate pressure and the discharge gas pressure, the discharge gas pressure is high and the suction gas pressure is low. The sum of the refrigerant gas pressures in the back chamber increases.

The pressure when the back chamber is the suction gas pressure is Ps, or the pressure when the back chamber is the intermediate pressure is Pb, and the area of the scroll end plate that receives these pressures is S ₁ . When the area of the scroll end plate that receives the gas pressure in the scroll back chamber filled with the discharge gas pressure Pd is S ₂ , the force F1 for pressing the scroll on which the refrigerant gas pressure in the back chamber acts on the other scroll is given by (1) or (2).

上記式（１）において、吐出ガス圧力Ｐｄが高く、吸入ガス圧力Ｐｓが低い高圧力比条件においては、Ｆ１が大きくなり、その大きさは吐出ガス圧力に支配されることがわかる。また、吸入ガス圧力Ｐｓが小さいと中間圧力Ｐｂも小さくなるので、上記式（２）においても、吐出ガス圧力Ｐｄが高く、吸入ガス圧力Ｐｓが低い高圧力比条件においては、Ｆ１が大きくなり、その大きさは吐出ガス圧力に支配されることがわかる。特に、背圧室が吸入ガス或いは中間圧で満たされた空間と吐出圧で満たされた空間とをシール材でシールしたものにおいては、吐出ガス圧力Ｐｄが作用する受圧面積Ｓ₂が大きくなる傾向にあるため、押し付け力Ｆ１は吐出ガス圧力Ｐｄが支配的となり、吸入ガス圧力Ｐｓや中間圧力Ｐｂには影響されにくくなる。

In the above formula (1), it can be seen that F1 increases under the high pressure ratio condition where the discharge gas pressure Pd is high and the suction gas pressure Ps is low, and the magnitude thereof is governed by the discharge gas pressure. Further, if the intake gas pressure Ps is small, the intermediate pressure Pb also becomes small. Therefore, in the above formula (2), F1 becomes large under the high pressure ratio condition where the discharge gas pressure Pd is high and the intake gas pressure Ps is low. It can be seen that the magnitude is governed by the discharge gas pressure. In particular, in the case where the back pressure chamber is sealed with the space filled with the suction gas or the intermediate pressure and the space filled with the discharge pressure with a sealing material, the pressure receiving area S _{2 on} which the discharge gas pressure Pd acts tends to increase. Therefore, the pressing force F1 is dominated by the discharge gas pressure Pd and is not easily affected by the suction gas pressure Ps or the intermediate pressure Pb.

On the other hand, the force F2 due to the internal pressure of the compression chamber formed by the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll acts in the opposite direction to the pressing force F1. Assuming that the compression process is an adiabatic change in which the polytropic index k is constant, PV ^k = constant relationship, so that the compression chamber pressure P is V and the maximum confinement volume immediately after the start of confinement is Vmax It can be expressed by (3).

さらに、圧縮終了直後の吐出圧力が作用する圧縮室の受圧面積をＳminとすると、内圧による力Ｆ２は式（４）となる。

Furthermore, if the pressure receiving area of the compression chamber on which the discharge pressure immediately after the end of compression acts is Smin, the force F2 due to the internal pressure is expressed by Equation (4).

この式（４）から、吸入ガス圧力Ｐｓが小さくなると式（４）の第一項の値が小さくなるから内圧による力（離反力）Ｆ２は小さくなることがわかる。

From this equation (4), it can be seen that when the intake gas pressure Ps is decreased, the value of the first term of the equation (4) is decreased, so that the force (separation force) F2 due to internal pressure is decreased.

  The net force F3 pressing one scroll against the other scroll is the difference between the pressing force F1 due to the back pressure chamber and the separation force F2 due to the internal pressure (F3 = F1-F2), and this relationship is shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 2, under a high pressure ratio condition where the discharge gas pressure Pd is high and the suction gas pressure Ps is low, the net force F3 pressing the scroll on which the refrigerant gas pressure in the back pressure chamber acts against the other scroll is excessive. It turns out that it becomes. For this reason, under the operating conditions with a high pressure ratio, the contact surface pressure of the scroll tooth tip becomes excessive, and there is a problem that the scroll tooth tip is worn or galling occurs.

  The object of the present invention is to reduce the pressing force that presses one scroll against the other scroll, thereby reducing the wear and galling of the scroll teeth and expanding the operating range. It is to obtain a scroll compressor and a refrigeration apparatus.

  In order to achieve the above object, a first feature of the present invention is provided with a compression mechanism section including a fixed scroll and a turning scroll, and a drive section for driving the compression mechanism, and the compression mechanism section and the drive section are sealed in a sealed container. A scroll compressor configured to provide a back pressure chamber filled with a gas refrigerant on the back side of the one scroll, and press the one scroll against the other scroll by the refrigerant gas pressure in the back pressure chamber, In a refrigeration cycle having a condenser and an evaporator, the back pressure chamber is composed of a suction pressure space and a discharge pressure space, and the one scroll is summed with the suction pressure and the discharge pressure. While pressing against the other scroll, a gas refrigerant and a refrigerant from the downstream side of the condenser of the refrigeration cycle are introduced into a compression chamber formed by the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll. Any refrigerant can be injected, and the ratio (Pd / Ps) between the pressure Ps of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor and the pressure Pd of the discharged refrigerant is larger than the set volume ratio of the compressor and the set volume. The scroll compressor performs gas injection when it is smaller than an arbitrary set value larger than the ratio, and performs liquid injection when larger than the arbitrary set value.

  Here, an injection hole for injecting gas refrigerant or liquid refrigerant into the compression chamber of the scroll compressor may be formed in the fixed scroll. The suction pressure space and the discharge pressure space of the back pressure chamber may be sealed with a sealing material.

  A second feature of the present invention is provided with a compression mechanism portion including a fixed scroll and a turning scroll, and a drive portion for driving the compression mechanism, wherein the compression mechanism portion and the drive portion are housed in an airtight container. A scroll compressor configured to provide a back pressure chamber filled with a gas refrigerant on the back surface of the scroll, and to push the one scroll against the other scroll by the refrigerant gas pressure in the back pressure chamber, and includes a condenser and an evaporator. The back pressure chamber is composed of a space filled with an intermediate pressure between the discharge pressure and the suction pressure and a space filled with the discharge pressure, wherein the intermediate pressure and the discharge pressure are used. The one scroll is pressed against the other scroll by the sum of the above, and the refrigeration cycle is condensed in the compression chamber formed by the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll. Both the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant can be injected from the downstream, and the ratio (Pd / Ps) between the pressure Ps of the suction refrigerant to the compressor and the pressure Pd of the discharge refrigerant is a set volume of the compressor. The scroll compressor performs gas injection when it is smaller than an arbitrary set value larger than the ratio and larger than the set volume ratio, and performs liquid injection when larger than the arbitrary set value.

  Here, the intermediate pressure hole that communicates the back pressure chamber space of intermediate pressure and the compression chamber is provided in the end plate of the scroll on which the pressure of the back chamber acts, and the end plate of the fixed scroll further includes gas in the compression chamber. It is preferable to form an injection hole for injecting the refrigerant or the liquid refrigerant.

  Here, the injection hole is formed so as to communicate with a compression chamber on a higher pressure side than the compression chamber with which the intermediate pressure hole communicates, and a section in which the intermediate pressure hole opens to the compression chamber; It is preferable to form the intermediate pressure hole and the injection hole so that the section where the injection hole opens to the compression chamber does not overlap. The injection hole is provided at a position not communicating with the discharge space of the compressor, that is, the compression chamber where the injection hole is opened is provided at a position where the discharge pressure is not provided, and the intermediate pressure hole is communicated with the suction space of the compressor. It is preferable that the compression chamber in which the intermediate pressure hole is open is provided at a position where the suction pressure is not reached.

  Thus, the section in which the intermediate pressure hole is open to the compression chamber and the section in which the liquid injection hole is open to the compression chamber are not overlapped, and the injection hole is in a position not communicating with the discharge space of the compressor, By providing the intermediate pressure hole at a position that does not communicate with the suction space of the compressor, the effect of the intermediate pressure on the back pressure chamber when gas injection or liquid injection is performed can be reduced, and the behavior of the orbiting scroll is stabilized. be able to.

In the above, the intermediate pressure space and the discharge pressure space of the back pressure chamber may be sealed with a sealing material, and the area S _{1 of the} scroll end plate that receives the suction pressure or the intermediate pressure of the back chamber and the discharge The area ratio S ₁ / S _{2 to} the area S _{2 of the} scroll mirror plate that receives pressure is preferably less than 5.

  It should be noted that when the ratio (Pd / Ps) between the pressure Ps of the suction refrigerant and the pressure Pd of the discharge refrigerant exceeds 3, the gas refrigerant or the liquid refrigerant is injected into the compression chamber so that it is 3 or less. In this case, it is better to control not to inject. In addition, it is preferable to perform gas injection when the ratio (Pd / Ps) of the pressure Ps of the suction refrigerant to the pressure Pd of the discharge refrigerant is 3 to 8, and to inject the liquid refrigerant into the compression chamber under operating conditions exceeding 8. .

  A third feature of the present invention includes a compressor, a condenser, and a subcooler, and is branched from a refrigerant pipe between the condenser and the subcooler and connected to a compressor chamber of the compressor after passing through the subcooler. In the refrigeration apparatus having an injection pipe, the injection pipe is provided with a throttle means (expansion valve) A on the upstream side of the sub-cooler and a throttle means (expansion valve) B on the downstream side, and the compressor is provided with gas injection. In order to reduce the aperture of the throttle means A, the aperture of the throttle means B is larger than the aperture of the throttle means A (preferably fully open), and in the case of liquid injection, the throttle means B The refrigeration apparatus is controlled so that the opening degree of the throttle means A is made larger (preferably fully open) than the opening degree of the throttle means B.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a refrigeration apparatus including a compressor, a condenser, and a gas-liquid separator. The refrigeration apparatus is connected to a liquid reservoir in the lower part of the gas-liquid separator and a compression chamber of the compressor. A liquid injection system (pipe) having an expansion valve (F), a gas injection system (pipe) having a throttle means (expansion valve) E communicated with an upper gas space in the gas-liquid separator and a compression chamber of the compressor. In the refrigeration apparatus, the liquid injection system is used for liquid injection into the compressor, and the gas injection system is used for gas injection into the compressor, and the refrigerant is injected into the compression chamber using the gas injection system.

  Here, in the case of liquid injection into the compressor, the opening degree of the throttle means F is made smaller and the opening degree of the throttle means E is made smaller than the opening degree of the throttle means F (preferably fully closed). When the gas injection is performed, the opening degree of the throttle means E is reduced, and the opening degree of the throttle means F is controlled to be smaller (preferably fully closed) than the opening degree of the throttle means E. Each injection can be executed.

  The compressor in the refrigeration apparatus includes a compression mechanism unit including a fixed scroll and a turning scroll, and a drive unit that drives the compression mechanism, and the compression mechanism unit and the drive unit are housed in a sealed container, A scroll compressor is provided with a back pressure chamber on the back of one scroll, and the one scroll is pressed against the other scroll by the pressure of the back pressure chamber, and the back pressure chamber is more than the discharge pressure space. It is composed of a low-pressure space (suction pressure or intermediate pressure space) with a low pressure so that the one scroll is pressed against the other scroll by the sum of the suction pressure and the discharge pressure, and further the suction to the compressor When the ratio (Pd / Ps) between the refrigerant pressure Ps and the discharge refrigerant pressure Pd is larger than the set volume ratio of the compressor and smaller than an arbitrary set value larger than the set volume ratio. To conduct gas injection, it is preferable that when the larger any set value comprises a control means for controlling each throttle means provided in the injection line to carry out the liquid injection.

  According to the present invention, the compression chamber is configured such that both gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant can be injected from the downstream of the condenser of the refrigeration cycle, and gas injection and liquid injection are selected according to the operating conditions of the compressor. Because it is configured so that the pressing force that pushes one scroll against the other scroll in the scroll compressor can be reduced, the wear and galling of the scroll tooth tip can be reduced, and the operating range is also expanded. It becomes possible to do.

  In addition, if the relationship between the injection hole position and the intermediate pressure hole position is set at a position where they do not interfere with each other, the behavior of the orbiting scroll can be stabilized under operating conditions using either gas injection or liquid injection. The volume efficiency of the machine can be improved, and a compressor with less vibration and noise can be obtained.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the Example of the scroll compressor of this invention. It is a diagram explaining the relationship between the driving | running condition (pressure ratio) and pressing force in the Example of this invention. It is a diagram explaining the change of the compression chamber pressure in the Example of this invention, the communication area of an intermediate pressure hole, and the communication area of an injection hole. It is a figure which shows the 1st Example of this invention in the principal part sectional drawing which expands and shows the structure of the compression mechanism part and back pressure chamber periphery in FIG. FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the present invention and corresponds to FIG. It is a top view which shows the detailed structure of the turning scroll shown in FIG. It is a VII-VII line longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. It is a top view which shows the detailed structure of the fixed scroll shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG. 8. It is a refrigerating cycle block diagram which shows an example of the freezing apparatus of this invention. It is a refrigerating cycle block diagram which shows the other example of the freezing apparatus of this invention. It is a control flowchart which shows the example which selects and injects a gas refrigerant | coolant or a liquid refrigerant | coolant according to a compressor load. It is a figure explaining the effect at the time of implementing the control shown in FIG. 12, and is a diagram explaining the relationship between an operating condition (pressure ratio) and pressing force.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below.
The scroll compressor of the present invention is provided with a back pressure chamber filled with a gas refrigerant on the back of the orbiting or fixed scroll, and is configured to press one scroll against the other scroll by the refrigerant gas pressure in the back pressure chamber. ing. The back pressure chamber includes a low pressure side space filled with suction gas or a medium pressure gas and a high pressure side space filled with a discharge pressure. The suction gas pressure or the intermediate pressure, the discharge gas pressure, The one of the scrolls is pressed against the other scroll. Furthermore, in the present invention, an injection hole is provided in the fixed scroll so that a gas refrigerant or a liquid refrigerant can be injected into a compression chamber constituted by a swivel and a fixed scroll.

An example of a refrigeration apparatus (refrigeration cycle) in which either the gas refrigerant or the liquid refrigerant is selected as necessary and can be injected into the compression chamber of the scroll compressor will be described with reference to FIG.
In FIG. 10, the refrigeration cycle is configured by sequentially connecting a compressor 300, a condenser 301, a subcooler 304, an expansion valve C, an evaporator 302, and the like. An injection pipe 305 is branched from a refrigerant pipe between the condenser 301 and the subcooler 304, and this injection pipe passes through the subcooler 304 and is connected to a compression chamber in the middle of compression of the compressor 300. The subcooler 304 is configured such that heat can be exchanged between the refrigerant flowing through the main refrigerant pipe and the refrigerant flowing through the injection pipe. The expansion valve A is provided in the injection pipe on the upstream side of the sub-cooler, and the expansion valve B is provided in the injection pipe on the downstream side of the sub-cooler.

  When the gas refrigerant is injected into the compressor, the opening degree of the expansion valve A is reduced, and the opening degree of the expansion valve B is set larger than that, preferably fully opened, so that the gas refrigerant evaporated by the subcooler is reduced. Can be injected into the compression chamber. In this case, it is possible to adjust the flow rate of the gas refrigerant to be injected depending on the degree of opening of the expansion valve A.

In the case of liquid injection, liquid injection into the compression chamber becomes possible by increasing the opening of the expansion valve A, preferably fully opening it, and reducing the opening of the expansion valve B to be smaller than that. In this case, since the physical properties of the liquid refrigerant do not change before and after the expansion valve A, the state before the expansion valve B is the state of the liquid refrigerant at the discharge pressure, and the liquid injection flow rate is adjusted by the magnitude of the opening of the expansion valve B In addition, liquid injection into the compression chamber is possible.
When neither gas injection nor liquid injection is performed, the expansion valve A and the expansion valve B may be fully closed.

  FIG. 11 shows another example of the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention. This example is applied to a refrigeration cycle having a gas-liquid separator 306. The refrigeration cycle is configured by connecting a compressor 300, a condenser 301, a gas-liquid separator 306, an evaporator 302, an expansion valve C, and the like sequentially by piping. The main refrigerant pipe having the expansion valve C is taken out from the liquid phase in the lower part of the gas-liquid separator 306, and the injection pipe 305 is branched from the main refrigerant pipe between the gas-liquid separator 306 and the expansion valve C to compress the compressor 300. Connected to the compression chamber. This injection pipe is provided with an expansion valve F for liquid injection, and further, the injection pipe on the downstream side of this expansion valve F and the upper space in the gas-liquid separator 306 are connected by a bypass pipe 307. An expansion valve E is also provided in this bypass pipe.

  In this example, the injection pipe 305 is branched from the main refrigerant pipe. However, one end side of the injection pipe 305 is communicated with the liquid phase portion below the gas-liquid separator 306. Also good. The expansion valves E and F are preferably electronic expansion valves whose flow rate can be adjusted, but instead can be configured by a combination of an electromagnetic valve (open / close valve) and a capillary.

  In the example of FIG. 11, when gas refrigerant is injected into the compressor, the opening of the expansion valve E is increased, and the expansion valve F is fully closed or smaller than the expansion valve E, thereby separating the gas and liquid. The gas refrigerant separated by the vessel 306 can be injected into the compression chamber via the bypass pipe 307 and the injection pipe 305. In this case, the gas refrigerant flow rate can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the expansion valve E.

In the case of liquid injection, the expansion valve E is fully closed or made small, and the opening of the expansion valve F is made larger than the opening of the expansion valve E, so that the liquid refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator flows through the main refrigerant pipe. Can be injected from the injection pipe 305 into the compression chamber via the expansion valve F. Also in this case, the liquid injection amount can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the expansion valve F.
If neither gas injection nor liquid injection is performed, both the expansion valves E and F may be fully closed.

In the refrigeration apparatus of FIG. 10 or FIG. 11, a control device (not shown) for controlling the opening / closing or opening of each expansion valve A to F is provided.
By injecting gas refrigerant or liquid refrigerant into the compression chamber using the above-described refrigeration apparatus, the pressure in the compression chamber rises, and the force F2 due to the internal pressure in the compression chamber increases to F2 ′. As a result, even under a high pressure ratio condition where the discharge gas pressure Pd is high and the suction gas pressure Ps is low, the net pressing force F3 for pressing one scroll against the other scroll is:
F3 = F1-F2 '
Thus, it can be made smaller than when injection is not performed.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the separation force due to the pressure in the compression chamber increases from F2 to F2 ′, so that the net pressing force can be reduced from F3 to F3 ′ in FIG. Thereby, the contact surface pressure between the scroll tooth tip and the scroll end plate can be reduced, and the occurrence of wear and galling between the scroll tooth tip and the scroll end plate can be suppressed, thereby realizing a highly reliable scroll compressor.

  As a result, under the high pressure ratio operation conditions, the surface pressure between the scroll tooth tip and the scroll end plate becomes high, so that the operation can be performed by adopting the present invention even in the operation range where the operation could not be performed. . That is, since the operating range can be expanded using the same compressor, a refrigeration apparatus and a scroll compressor suitable for applications such as heat pump air conditioners for cold regions can be obtained. Moreover, since the temperature of the scroll tooth tip can be lowered by injection, the sliding characteristics between the tooth tip and the end plate are improved, and the reliability can be improved. This is because the liquid injection has a higher effect than the gas injection.

  By using the refrigeration cycle configured in FIGS. 10 and 11 above, gas refrigerant or liquid refrigerant can be injected into the compression chamber of the compressor, but the gas or liquid can be selected according to the compressor load. By performing the injection, the contact surface pressure between the scroll tooth tip and the end plate can be made almost constant under any operating condition, and a highly reliable scroll compressor can be realized.

  Next, an example of control for selecting and injecting gas refrigerant or liquid refrigerant according to the compressor load will be described with reference to the control flowchart shown in FIG. After starting the operation of the compressor, the suction refrigerant pressure Ps and the discharge refrigerant pressure Pd are detected by a pressure sensor or the like. The operating pressure ratio Pd / Ps = ε is calculated from the detected pressure. In this example, control is performed such that gas injection is performed when the operating condition is “set volume ratio ≦ ε ≦ 8”, and liquid injection is performed when the operating condition is “8 <ε”. . Here, the set volume ratio is a ratio between the volume (maximum volume) of the compression chamber immediately after the scroll compressor starts to close and the volume (minimum volume) of the compression chamber just before communicating with the discharge space.

  Liquid injection is not necessary if the compressor is capable of sufficiently cooling the discharge gas temperature even with gas injection, but in general, the discharge gas temperature cannot be cooled unless the liquid injection is performed. It is better to implement. The limit value of the discharge gas temperature is an allowable temperature of parts exposed to the discharge gas atmosphere inside the compressor, and varies depending on the specifications of the compressor. When the electric motor and the rolling bearing are exposed to the atmosphere of the discharge gas, the limit value of the discharge gas temperature is around 120 ° C. In the case of ε <8, the operating range is such that the discharge gas temperature can be cooled without liquid injection. Therefore, it is preferable to give priority to gas injection that can provide a higher cycle COP. However, when the discharge gas temperature exceeds the limit value, liquid injection is performed.

  Under operating conditions where the operating pressure ratio ε is smaller than the set volume ratio, the pressure in the back pressure chamber due to the refrigerant gas decreases, so if the internal pressure rises too much due to injection, the scroll is pushed to the back pressure chamber side and fixed to the orbiting scroll. The possibility of scroll disengagement increases. For this reason, in this example, when the operating pressure ratio ε is smaller than the set volume ratio, control is performed so that gas injection or liquid injection is not performed.

With reference to FIG. 13, the effect of the present embodiment by the control of FIG. 12 will be described. FIG. 13 shows the relationship of the scroll pressing force with respect to the operating pressure ratio when control is performed to selectively execute gas or liquid injection according to the operating pressure ratio, that is, the compressor operating load. F1 is a force that presses the scroll by the pressure in the back pressure chamber, F2 is a force that does not inject the scroll due to the internal pressure of the scroll, and F3 is a net pressing force (= F1-F2). F2G _INJ is the separation force due to scroll internal pressure when gas injection is performed, F2 liquid _INJ is the separation force due to scroll internal pressure when liquid injection is performed, F3G _INJ is the net pressing force when gas injection is performed, and F3 liquid _INJ is The net pressing force when liquid injection is performed is shown.

  As can be seen from this figure, when gas or liquid injection is used properly according to the operating pressure ratio, the net pressing force of both scrolls can be reduced compared to the case without injection, and the change in operating pressure ratio can be reduced. Thus, the fluctuation range of the net pressing force can be reduced. Therefore, according to the present invention, the contact surface pressure between the scroll tooth tip and the end plate can be maintained almost constant under any operating condition, and a highly reliable scroll compressor can be obtained.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a scroll compressor according to the present invention.
The scroll compressor 1 is configured by housing a compression mechanism portion 2, an electric motor portion 3, an auxiliary bearing portion 4, an oil supply mechanism, and the like in an airtight container 100. The present embodiment shows an example of a vertical scroll compressor in which a compression mechanism section 2 and an electric motor section 3 are arranged vertically.

The compression mechanism unit 2 includes a turning scroll 5, a fixed scroll 6, a frame 7, a drive shaft 8, a turning bearing 13, a turning mechanism 9, and the like. In addition, the compression mechanism unit 2 forms a compression chamber 81 by meshing the fixed scroll 6 and the orbiting scroll 5.
The orbiting scroll 5 is composed of an end plate 10, a spiral wrap 11 erected vertically on one side thereof, a shaft support portion (boss portion) 5 a, and the like. On the back side of the end plate 10 of the orbiting scroll 5, an orbiting mechanism (Oldham ring) 9 and an orbiting bearing 13 into which the crank portion 12 of the drive shaft 8 is inserted are provided.

  The fixed scroll 6 includes an end plate 14, a spiral wrap 15 vertically provided on one side thereof, a suction port 16, a discharge port 17, and the like, and is fixed to the frame 7 via bolts. A turning scroll 5 is sandwiched between the fixed scroll 6 and the frame 7 so as to be able to make a turning motion. A suction pipe 85 provided in the sealed container 100 is connected to the suction port 16 of the fixed scroll 6. Further, the sealed container 100 is provided with a discharge pipe 22 that communicates with the space between the frame 7 and the electric motor 3.

  The outer periphery of the frame 7 is fixed to the sealed container 100, and a main bearing 63 is provided at the center thereof. The main bearing 63 is covered with the frame 7 and the cover 84. The cover 84 is detachably attached to the frame so as to hold the main bearing 63 from below, and the main bearing 63 is disposed between the electric motor unit 3 and the orbiting scroll 5.

  A crank portion 12 is provided on the upper portion of the main shaft portion of the drive shaft 8, and the orbiting scroll 5 is driven by connecting the crank portion 12 to the orbiting scroll 5. The crank portion 12 is inserted into the orbiting bearing 13 and pivotally supports the orbiting scroll.

  The electric motor unit 3 constitutes a rotational drive unit that drives the compression mechanism unit 2 via the drive shaft 8, and includes a stator 18 and a rotor 19 as basic elements. The stator 18 is attached to the sealed container 100. The outer peripheral surface of the stator 18 is formed in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the sealed container 100.

  The sub-bearing portion 4 supports the drive shaft 8 below the motor portion 3. The sub-bearing 51, a sub-bearing housing 52 in which the sub-bearing 51 is inserted, a lower frame 53 fastened to the sub-bearing housing 52, etc. The lower frame 53 is fixed to the hermetic container 100. The drive shaft 8 is pivotally supported on both sides of the electric motor 3 by the main bearing 63 and the auxiliary bearing 51 and drives the orbiting scroll via the orbiting bearing 13 by the crank portion 12 at the upper end portion.

  That is, when the drive shaft 8 is rotated by the rotation of the electric motor unit 3, the orbiting scroll 5 performs the orbiting motion with respect to the fixed scroll 6 while maintaining the posture by the function of the orbiting mechanism 9. A balance weight 20 is attached between the rotor 19 and the orbiting scroll 5 and a rotor balance weight 21 is attached to the rotor 19 in order to cancel out the unbalanced force generated by the orbiting motion.

  The compression chamber 81 formed by meshing the fixed scroll 6 and the orbiting scroll 5 is subjected to a compression operation in which the volume thereof is reduced by the orbiting movement of the orbiting scroll 5. In this compression operation, the working fluid is sucked into the compression chamber 81 from the suction port 16 along with the turning motion of the orbiting scroll 5, and the sucked working fluid passes through the compression process from the discharge port 17 of the fixed scroll 6 to the sealed container 100. It is discharged into the discharge space inside and discharged from the discharge pipe 22 to the outside of the sealed container 100 via the chamber on the electric motor side. As a result, the space in the sealed container 100 is maintained at the discharge pressure.

  The oil supply mechanism includes an oil supply pump 83, an oil supply hole 61, and an oil discharge pipe 60. The oil supply pump 83 supplies the lubricating oil stored in the oil reservoir 82 through the oil supply hole 61, the auxiliary bearing 51, the slewing bearing 13, and the main oil supply mechanism. Supply to bearing 63. The oil supplied from the oil supply hole 61 to each bearing portion also flows to the sliding portion between the orbiting scroll 5 and the fixed scroll 6. A lateral oil supply hole communicating with the oil supply hole 61 is provided in the vicinity of the auxiliary bearing 51 of the drive shaft 8 so that the auxiliary bearing 51 is supplied with oil.

  The oil drain pipe 60 guides the oil that has lubricated the main bearing 63 to the oil sump 82 of the hermetic container 100 through the stator outer peripheral recess 18 a of the electric motor unit 3. The end portion of the horizontal portion 60 a of the oil drain pipe 60 is press-fitted and attached to a circular hole in a portion covering the main bearing 63 of the frame 7. With this mounting structure, the oil drain pipe 60 can be easily and reliably mounted on the frame 7. The mounting portion of the oil drain pipe 60 is opened in the frame 7, and oil that has lubricated the main bearing 63 is introduced into the oil drain pipe 60 from this opening.

  The vertical portion 60b of the oil drain pipe 60 extends vertically along the inner wall surface of the hermetic container 100, and passes downward between the coil end portion 18c of the stator 18 and the hermetic container 100, and through the recess 18a on the outer periphery of the stator. The lower end portion of the oil drain pipe 60 is fixed to a pipe presser 65 attached to the lower frame 53.

  Next, the structure around the compression mechanism and the back pressure chamber will be described with reference to FIG. A space filled with suction gas (back pressure chamber 111) and a space filled with discharge pressure (back pressure chamber 112) are formed on the rear surface of the end plate 10 of the orbiting scroll 5, and the suction pressure back pressure chamber 111 and The discharge pressure back pressure chamber 112 is sealed by a sealing material 114 mounted in the groove 113 of the frame 7. A communication hole 110 communicating with the back pressure chamber 111 is formed at the lower portion of the suction space 16 of the fixed scroll, and the back pressure chamber 111 is at a suction pressure. The back pressure chamber 112 is supplied with lubricating oil in the discharge pressure atmosphere below the hermetic container 100 through the oil supply pump 83 and the oil supply hole 61 and is filled with lubricating oil or the like at the discharge pressure. The sealing material 114 is pressed against the orbiting scroll by the discharge gas pressure filled in the gap of the frame groove 113, and has a structure for sealing the back pressure chamber 111 and the back pressure chamber 112. With this structure, the orbiting scroll is pressed against the fixed scroll by the sum of the suction gas pressure in the back pressure chamber 111 and the discharge gas pressure in the back pressure chamber 112.

  The injection hole 205 is formed in the end plate 14 of the fixed scroll 6 and communicates with the compression chamber 81. The communication section with the compression chamber 81 can be adjusted by the position where the injection hole 205 is formed.

  FIG. 5 shows an embodiment different from FIG. 4. In this embodiment, a space filled with the intermediate gas pressure (back pressure chamber 204) and a space filled with the discharge gas pressure (back pressure chamber 112). ). Also in this embodiment, as in the example of FIG. 4, the intermediate pressure back pressure chamber 204 and the discharge pressure back pressure chamber 112 are sealed with a sealing material 114.

  The end plate 10 of the orbiting scroll 5 is formed with a U-shaped communication hole (intermediate pressure hole) 201 communicating with the lap side. A notch groove 203 is formed on the lower surface of the outer peripheral portion of the fixed scroll end plate 14 so as to communicate intermittently with the outlet portion 202 on the outer peripheral side of the U-shaped communication hole 201. As a result, the communication hole outlet 202 communicates intermittently with the notch groove 203. Thereby, the intermediate pressure compression chamber 81 and the back pressure chamber 204 are intermittently communicated, and the back pressure chamber 204 is filled with the intermediate pressure gas. By appropriately setting the shape and positional relationship of the U-shaped communication hole 201, the communication hole outlet 202, and the notch groove 203, a section where the compression chamber 81 and the back pressure chamber 204 communicate with each other can be adjusted. The back pressure chamber 204 can be set to an appropriate intermediate pressure.

  The detailed structure of the orbiting scroll in this embodiment is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and the detailed structure of the fixed scroll is shown in FIGS. In these drawings, the parts denoted by the same reference numerals indicate the same parts.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of the change in the compression chamber pressure and the communication section of the intermediate pressure hole 201 and the communication section of the injection hole 205 in the scroll compressor of the above embodiment. As shown in this figure, the intermediate hole is connected so that the section in which the injection hole 205 communicates with the compression chamber and the section in which the intermediate pressure hole (communication hole) 201 communicates with the compression chamber do not overlap. The positions of the pressure hole 201 and the injection hole 205 are set. Further, the positions of the injection hole 205 and the intermediate pressure hole 201 are determined so that the compression chamber to which the injection hole 205 communicates does not become the discharge pressure, and the back pressure chamber 204 of the intermediate pressure does not become the suction pressure. The chamber 204 is prevented from being affected by the pressure of liquid injection or gas injection.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Scroll compressor, 2 ... Compression mechanism part, 3 ... Electric motor part, 4 ... Sub bearing part, 5 ... Orbiting scroll, 5a ... Shaft support part (boss | hub part), 6 ... Fixed scroll, 7 ... Frame, 8 ... Drive Axis, 9 ... turning mechanism (Oldham ring), 10 ... turning scroll end plate, 11 ... turning scroll wrap, 12 ... crank portion, 13 ... turning bearing, 14 ... fixed scroll end plate, 15 ... fixed scroll wrap, 16 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Suction port, 17 ... Discharge port, 18 ... Stator, 18a ... Notch (recessed part), 19 ... Rotor, 20 ... Balance weight, 21 ... Rotor balance weight, 22 ... Discharge pipe, 51 ... Sub bearing, 52 ... Sub bearing Housing 53 ... Lower frame 60 ... Oil drain pipe 61 ... Oil supply hole 63 ... Main bearing 65 ... Pipe retainer 81 ... Compression chamber 82 ... Oil sump 83 ... Oil pump 85 ... Inlet pipe, 100 ... sealed container, 110 ... communication hole, 111 ... back pressure chamber, 112 ... back pressure chamber, 113 ... groove, 114 ... sealing material, 201 ... communication hole (intermediate pressure hole), 202 ... communication hole outlet, 203 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Notch groove, 204 ... Back pressure chamber, 205 ... Injection hole, 300 ... Compressor, 301 ... Condenser, 302 ... Evaporator, 304 ... Subcooler, 305 ... Injection piping, 306 ... Gas-liquid separator separator, A to F: expansion valves (throttle means).

Claims (3)

Compressor, equipped with a condenser and subcooler, with the injection pipe connected to the compression chamber of the compressor after branched via said subcooler from refrigerant pipe between the subcooler and the condenser In refrigeration equipment,
The compressor is
A compression mechanism part composed of a fixed scroll and a turning scroll; and a drive part for driving the compression mechanism part. The compression mechanism part and the drive part are housed in a sealed container, and a back pressure chamber is provided on the back side of one scroll. Provided,
The back pressure chamber is composed of a discharge pressure space and a low pressure space having a pressure lower than the discharge pressure space, and one scroll is pressed against the other scroll by the total pressure of the discharge pressure space and the low pressure space. A scroll compressor configured,
Said injection pipe has a first flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of refrigerant flowing from the condenser to an upstream side of the subcooler, the flow rate of refrigerant flowing from the subcooler to the compressor on the downstream side of the subcooler a second flow rate adjusting means for adjusting is provided,
These first flow rate adjusting means and second flow rate adjusting means are:
When gas injection is performed on the compressor, the opening of the first flow rate adjusting unit is made smaller and the opening of the second flow rate adjusting unit is made smaller than the opening of the first flow rate adjusting unit. Controlled to enlarge ,
When liquid injection is performed on the compressor, the opening degree of the second flow rate adjusting means is made smaller and the opening degree of the first flow rate adjusting means is made smaller than the opening degree of the second flow rate adjusting means. Controlled to be larger , and
The ratio (Pd / Ps) between the pressure Ps of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor and the pressure Pd of the discharged refrigerant when performing the liquid injection is larger than the ratio (Pd / Ps) when performing the gas injection. A refrigeration apparatus configured to be configured as follows . Equipped with a compressor, a condenser and a gas-liquid separator ,
The compressor is
A compression mechanism part composed of a fixed scroll and a turning scroll; and a drive part for driving the compression mechanism part. The compression mechanism part and the drive part are housed in a sealed container, and a back pressure chamber is provided on the back side of one scroll. Provided,
The back pressure chamber is composed of a discharge pressure space and a low pressure space having a pressure lower than the discharge pressure space, and one scroll is pressed against the other scroll by the total pressure of the discharge pressure space and the low pressure space. In the refrigeration apparatus that is a scroll compressor configured ,
The first flow rate adjusting means is provided in the pipe for communicating the compression chamber of the compressor and the gas-liquid separator portion of the liquid reservoir portion,
The second flow regulating mechanism is provided in the pipe for communicating the compression chamber of the compressor and the gas-liquid separator in the upper gas space,
These first flow rate adjusting means and second flow rate adjusting means are:
When liquid injection is performed on the compressor, the opening degree of the second flow rate adjusting means is made smaller and the opening degree of the first flow rate adjusting means is made smaller than the opening degree of the second flow rate adjusting means. Controlled to be even smaller,
When gas injection is performed on the compressor, the opening of the first flow rate adjusting unit is made smaller and the opening of the second flow rate adjusting unit is made smaller than the opening of the first flow rate adjusting unit. It is controlled so as to further reduce, further,
The ratio (Pd / Ps) between the pressure Ps of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor and the pressure Pd of the discharged refrigerant when performing the liquid injection is larger than the ratio (Pd / Ps) when performing the gas injection. A refrigeration apparatus configured to be configured as follows . Oite the refrigeration apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
The first flow rate adjusting means and the second flow rate adjusting means are:
When the ratio (Pd / Ps) between the pressure Ps of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor and the pressure Pd of the discharge refrigerant is larger than the set volume ratio of the compressor and smaller than an arbitrary set value larger than the set volume ratio. Performs the gas injection, and is controlled to perform the liquid injection when the gas injection is larger than the arbitrary set value .

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