JP5001625B2 - Friction test equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a friction test apparatus, and more particularly, to a friction test apparatus suitable for testing a wet friction material used in a clutch apparatus or the like in an automatic transmission such as an automobile.

  Wet friction materials are used in automatic transmissions such as automatic vehicles. For example, an automatic transmission of an automatic vehicle typically includes a plurality of friction plates in which a wet friction material is bonded to the surface of a metal substrate (core plate), and a separator plate as a friction counterpart material made of a single plate such as a metal plate. A multi-plate clutch in which the plates are alternately arranged is incorporated, and in the lubricating oil, these plates are pressed against each other and released to transmit or cut off the driving force.

  By the way, for wet friction materials used in automatic transmissions such as automatic vehicles, a friction test is performed under the same environmental conditions as the actual machine while filling the test chamber with lubricating oil and changing the temperature conditions in the test chamber. The durability of the wet friction material is tested using a friction test apparatus that can be used.

  A conventional friction test apparatus is attached to an electric motor, a flywheel and a hub fixed to an output shaft of the electric motor, a retainer fixed to a housing, and a hub as described in Patent Document 1 below, for example. And a pressing means (piston) for pressing the friction material and a separator plate (a mating member) attached to the collar, and a torque detecting means such as a load cell for detecting the torque acting on the housing. Then, the friction material and the separator plate are pressed by a pressing means so that a surface pressure is applied between the friction material and the separator plate, and the friction characteristics (durability) of the friction material are tested.

JP 2006-3183 A

  By the way, in the conventional friction test apparatus, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, a housing 110 having a test chamber inside and a piston mechanism 125 as a pressing means are integrated. Further, the load measuring mechanism 128 is attached in the housing 110 (test chamber) or in the immediate vicinity of the housing 110.

  However, according to the configuration as shown in FIG. 4, the following problems occur when the test is performed in a wide range of test oil temperatures from a low temperature to a high temperature.

  First, when the housing 110 is cooled to a low temperature, the integrated piston mechanism 125 is also cooled. For this reason, the oil viscosity inside the piston is increased, and as a result, defective operation (sliding) of the piston occurs, and surface pressure control by the piston becomes unstable. Moreover, in the low surface pressure test from room temperature to high temperature, the surface pressure control by the piston becomes unstable due to the piston moving speed restriction due to the low oil viscosity inside the piston. As described above, when performing a test in a wide range of test oil temperatures, high-precision surface pressure load control cannot be performed.

  In addition, due to this, when the load measuring mechanism 128 is attached in the housing 110 (test room) or in the immediate vicinity of the housing 110 as shown in FIG. Surface pressure measurement is also difficult.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a friction test apparatus capable of eliminating the above-described problems and performing highly accurate and stable surface pressure control in performing a friction test under a wide range of environmental conditions.

The present invention comprises a friction material gripping means for gripping a friction material, a mating material gripping means for gripping the mating material on an outer periphery of the friction material gripping member, and a test chamber for housing the friction material gripping means and the mating material gripping means. Press for pressing the housing included therein, the motor for rotating the friction material gripping means via the output shaft, the friction material attached to the friction material gripping means and the counterpart material attached to the counterpart material gripping means A friction test apparatus for testing the friction material by rotating the motor by pressing and engaging the friction material and the mating material by the pressing means. There is a piston that presses against the mating material, and the pressing means is arranged outside the housing and presses the friction material and the mating material through the piston. A load meter that measures the load applied to the friction material and the counterpart material during the test, and a displacement meter that measures the displacement of the friction material and the counterpart material during the friction test are provided, and the load meter is located outside the housing. in contact with the surface of the piston is attached to the pressing means, which controls the pressing operation of the pressing means on the basis of the information from the load cell and the displacement gauge further the displacement gauge the It is attached to the pressing means and measures the displacement of the pressing means. When the displacement of the pressing means becomes zero by the measurement result of the displacement meter, the friction material and the counterpart material are pressed. characterized in that by lowering the moving speed of the piston for performing control to suppress surface pressure overshoot between the friction material and the counterpart material It is intended to.

Further, in the friction test apparatus according to the present invention, by controlling the pressing operation of the pressing means based on the information measured by the displacement meter, the clearance amount between the friction material and the counterpart material is determined by the pressing It may be settable by displacement control of the means.

Further, in the friction test apparatus according to the present invention, control for increasing the moving speed of the pressing member until the friction material and the mating material are engaged based on information from the load meter and the displacement meter. May be executed.

Furthermore, in the friction test apparatus according to the present invention, it is preferable that the pressing means is disposed outside the low temperature tank when a low temperature tank for housing the housing is attached during a low temperature friction test .

  According to the present invention, highly accurate and stable surface pressure control can be performed when performing a friction test under a wide range of environmental conditions (particularly a wide range of test oil temperatures).

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a friction test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the friction test apparatus 1 in the present embodiment will be described.

  The friction test apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a plurality of electric motors 2a to 2c as drive sources, and output shafts (motor shafts) of the electric motors 2a to 2c are connected to a gear box 3, respectively. The output shaft is rotatably supported by a bearing and is connected to an inner jig 11 housed in the housing 10 (specifically, the test chamber in the housing 10). The plurality of electric motors 2a to 2c includes a dynamic drive motor 2a for high-speed rotation, a static drive motor 2b for low-speed rotation, and a drag drive motor 2c having a rotational speed region substantially the same as or different from that of the static drive motor 2b. Yes. Thus, depending on the type of motor to be used, the friction test mode (the friction material 12 is rotated after the friction material 12 and the mating material 14 are engaged, and the friction material 12 is rotated while the friction material 12 is rotated). And the mating material 14 can be engaged. Note that a plurality of electric motors are not necessarily provided.

  On one end side of the output shaft of the dynamic drive motor 2a, a flywheel 4 having a prescribed moment of inertia and a gear 6 constituting a rotation sensor 5 for detecting the rotational speed of the dynamic drive motor 2a are attached.

  A wet friction material (hereinafter simply referred to as a friction material) 12 is attached to the inner jig 11 housed in the housing 10 so as to be movable in the axial direction. In FIG. 1, three friction material test pieces 12 are attached. That is, the inner jig 11 is a grip member for the friction material 12.

  A drum-like retainer 13 fixed to the housing 10 is disposed outside the inner jig 11, and on the inner surface of the retainer 13 are four ring-plate-like mating members 14 and one spacer 15. Are attached to be movable in the axial direction. That is, the retainer 13 is a gripping member for the counterpart material 14.

  Here, the mating material 14 is arranged alternately with the friction material 12, so that each friction material 12 is sandwiched by the mating material 14 from both sides as described later (the friction material 12 and the mating material 14 and And can be tested with the surface pressure loaded.

  In addition, a jacket 16 through which the heat medium oil passes is provided inside the housing 10, and the jacket 16 is connected to the oil temperature control unit 17 via the oil distribution unit 20. The oil temperature control unit 17 contains lubricating oil, and the temperature of the lubricating oil is adjusted by the heating device 18 and the cooling device 19. The oil temperature control unit 17 adjusts the temperature by controlling the heating device 18 and the cooling device 19 based on information on the housing temperature detected by a temperature sensor (not shown) attached to the housing 10 or the like.

  The heat medium oil whose temperature has been adjusted is supplied from the oil temperature control unit 17 to the jacket 16 via the oil distribution unit 20 by the amount distributed by the oil distribution unit 20. Then, the heat medium oil circulated through the inside of the housing 10 through the jacket 16 is returned again to the oil temperature control unit 17 through the oil distribution unit 20, and thereafter the same circulation operation is repeated. Thereby, the temperature of the housing 10 can be maintained at a desired temperature condition.

  Further, the inner jig 11 is connected to the shaft oil supply unit 22, and this shaft oil supply unit 22 is connected to the oil temperature control unit 17 through the oil distribution unit 20. The heat medium oil whose temperature has been adjusted by the heating device 18 and the cooling device 19 is supplied from the oil temperature control unit 17 to the shaft oil supply unit 22 via the oil distribution unit 20 by the amount distributed by the oil distribution unit 20. Is done. At this time, temperature adjustment is performed by the temperature conversion unit 21. The temperature conversion unit 21 adjusts the temperature based on information on the temperature in the housing detected by a temperature sensor (not shown) attached in the housing 10 or the like. Then, the temperature-adjusted lubricating oil is supplied from the shaft core oil supply unit 22 to the inner jig 11.

  When the lubricating oil is supplied from the shaft core oil supply unit 22 during the friction test, a part of the lubricating oil passes through an oil hole (not shown) formed in the inner jig or the like, and the friction material 12. And supplied to the counterpart material 14. Thereby, the friction material 12 and the counterpart material 14 are lubricated during the friction test. Moreover, the remaining lubricating oil is supplied to each part in the housing 10, and thereby each part is lubricated. Finally, the lubricating oil is discharged out of the housing 10 and returned to the oil temperature control unit 17 through the shaft core oil supply unit 22 and the oil distribution unit 20, and thereafter the same circulation operation is repeated. . Thereby, the lubricating action in the housing 10 is repeated, and the oil temperature of the lubricating oil in the housing 10 can be maintained at a desired temperature condition.

  A load cell 23 is attached to the housing 10. The load cell 23 is means for detecting torque acting on the housing 10 when power is transmitted to the housing 10 by frictional force generated by the engagement between the friction material 12 and the counterpart material 14 during the friction test.

  By the way, in the friction test apparatus 1 in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the piston 24 is held on the outer wall of the housing 10 so as to be movable in the axial direction. The piston 24 directly engages (closely contacts) and releases the friction material 12 and the counterpart material 14. Further, the piston 24 is pressed by pressing means arranged outside the housing 10. In FIG. 1, a hydraulic piston 25 is used as the pressing means. Oil is supplied to the hydraulic piston 25 via a servo valve 27 by a servo hydraulic unit 26, whereby the hydraulic piston 25 presses the piston 24 held in the housing 10. That is, in the friction test apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the friction material 12 and the counterpart material 14 are engaged and released by the hydraulic piston 25 outside the housing 10 via the piston 24 held by the housing 10. .

  According to such a configuration, the piston mechanism (hydraulic piston 25 in the present embodiment), which is a pressing means, is an independent mechanism from the housing 10 having the test chamber inside, and thus a wide range of test oil temperature ranges. When the test is performed, the surface pressure control by the hydraulic piston 25 becomes inefficient because the oil viscosity inside the hydraulic piston 25 increases due to the temperature (low temperature) of the housing 10, resulting in a malfunction (sliding) of the hydraulic piston 25. In a low surface pressure test from room temperature to high temperature, the surface pressure control by the hydraulic piston 25 does not become unstable due to the piston moving speed limitation due to the low oil viscosity inside the piston. Therefore, when performing a test in a wide range of test oil temperatures, highly accurate surface pressure load control can be stably performed.

  Further, in the friction test apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the load applied to each test piece (the friction material 12 and the counterpart material 14) at the time of the friction test is directly applied to the hydraulic piston 25 side. A load meter 28 to be measured and a displacement meter 29 to measure a displacement caused by pressing of the hydraulic piston 25, that is, a displacement of the test piece in the axial direction are provided.

  By attaching the displacement meter 29 to the hydraulic piston 25 outside the housing 10 in this way, the influence of the test oil temperature is excluded, and a stable surface pressure load in a wide range of test oil temperature is possible. Further, by attaching a load meter 28 to the hydraulic piston 25 outside the housing 10, the influence of the test oil temperature is excluded, and the load load itself on the test piece excluding friction inside the piston is directly measured. This improves the reliability of surface pressure measurement.

  Here, in the friction test apparatus 1 having the above-described configuration, for example, the pressing operation of the hydraulic piston 25 can be controlled based on not only the information from the load meter 28 but also the information from the displacement meter. For example, in the piston movement state (the state where the friction material 12 and the counterpart material 14 are moving so as to be engaged), there is a clearance between the test pieces, so that no surface pressure is generated even if the hydraulic piston 25 moves. Therefore, based on the information from the load meter 28 and the displacement meter 29, it is possible to perform control such as increasing the piston moving speed under this situation.

  Also, when the piston movement change amount becomes 0, that is, when the friction material 12 and the mating material 14 are engaged, the surface pressure starts to increase from this point. Control to suppress pressure overshoot becomes possible.

  Specifically, in the conventional structure as shown in FIG. 4, when the load command (ON) starts when the load command value is ON, the piston moves and the clearance between the test pieces gradually decreases. Become. When the clearance becomes 0, that is, when the friction material and the mating material are engaged, the piston moving speed suddenly becomes 0, so that overshoot occurs in the surface pressure generated in the test piece. (See FIG. 2A). However, if the above control is performed, the piston movement change amount becomes 0, that is, when the friction material and the mating material are engaged, the piston moving speed is decreased, so that the surface pressure overshoot is reduced. It can suppress (refer FIG.2 (b)).

  Further, by controlling the pressing operation of the hydraulic piston 25 based on the information from the displacement meter 29, an arbitrary clearance amount can be set by the displacement control of the hydraulic piston 25. For example, before starting the test, the test piece (the friction material 12 and the counterpart material 14) is engaged with the initial set load, the total thickness of the test piece is stored, and then the hydraulic piston is controlled by displacement control up to a predetermined clearance amount. Move 25. This eliminates the need for preparing various types of spacers when adjusting the clearance amount. Further, since the clearance adjustment can be performed even during the test, fine adjustment such as error correction due to a change in thermal expansion of the housing 10 and correction due to wear or expansion of the test piece itself can be easily performed.

  Further, in the friction test apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the low temperature bath 30 for low temperature test is attached in order to accommodate the housing 10 and prevent the temperature of the housing from being increased due to the influence of the outside air temperature during the low temperature friction test. Even in this case, a surface pressure load mechanism (hydraulic piston 25) can be disposed outside the low temperature tank 30 (see FIG. 3). Therefore, even during a friction test at a low temperature, disturbance factors due to changes in the test oil temperature (for example, changes in the viscosity of the oil and changes in the thermal expansion of the components) can be eliminated, and high-precision surface pressure control is possible.

It is the schematic which shows an example of a structure of the friction test apparatus in embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a relationship between a load command value, a plate surface pressure, a clearance, and a piston speed when performing piston operation control based on load information and displacement information. FIG. 2A is a conventional friction test apparatus. FIG. 2B shows the case of the friction test apparatus of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the state which attached the low temperature tank for a low temperature test to the friction test apparatus of FIG. It is a figure which shows the integral structure of the housing and piston mechanism which accommodate a test chamber in the conventional friction test apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Friction testing apparatus, 2a Dynamic drive motor, 2b Static drive motor, 2c Drag drive motor, 3 Gear box, 4 Flywheel, 5 Rotation sensor, 6 Gear, 10 Housing, 11 Inner jig, 12 Friction material, 13 Retainer, 14 Partner material, 15 Spacer, 16 Jacket, 17 Oil temperature control unit, 18 Heating device, 19 Cooling device, 20 Oil distribution unit, 21 Temperature conversion unit, 22 Shaft oil supply unit, 23 Load cell, 24 Piston, 25 Hydraulic piston, 26 Servo hydraulic unit, 27 Servo valve, 28 Load meter, 29 Displacement meter, 30 Cryogenic bath, 110 Housing, 111 Inner jig, 112 Friction material, 114 Counter member, 115 Spacer, 125 Piston mechanism, 128 Weight measurement mechanism.

Claims (4)

A housing having a friction material gripping means for gripping a friction material, a mating material gripping means for gripping the mating material on an outer periphery of the friction material gripping member, and a test chamber for accommodating the friction material gripping means and the mating material gripping means. And a motor for rotating the friction material gripping means via an output shaft, and a pressing means for pressing the friction material attached to the friction material gripping means and the counterpart material attached to the counterpart material gripping means. In the friction test apparatus for testing the friction material by rotating the motor by pressing and engaging the friction material and the counterpart material by the pressing means,
The outer wall of the housing has a piston that presses the friction material and the mating material, and the pressing means is arranged outside the housing and presses the friction material and the mating material via the piston. And
The pressing means is provided with a load meter for measuring a load applied to a friction material and a counterpart material during a friction test, and a displacement meter for measuring a displacement of the pressing means during a friction test, and the load meter is provided in the housing. Attached to the pressing means in contact with the surface of the piston outside
Based on information from the load meter and the displacement meter, to control the pressing operation of the pressing means ,
Further, the displacement meter is attached to the pressing means and measures the displacement of the pressing means. When the displacement of the pressing means becomes zero according to the measurement result of the displacement meter, the friction material A friction test apparatus that performs control to suppress a surface pressure overshoot between the friction material and the counterpart material by lowering a moving speed of the piston for pressing the material and the counterpart material . The friction test apparatus according to claim 1,
By controlling the pressing operation of the pressing means based on the information measured by the displacement meter, the clearance amount between the friction material and the counterpart material can be set by the displacement control of the pressing means. Friction testing device characterized. A housing having a friction material gripping means for gripping a friction material, a mating material gripping means for gripping the mating material on an outer periphery of the friction material gripping member, and a test chamber for accommodating the friction material gripping means and the mating material gripping means. And a motor for rotating the friction material gripping means via an output shaft, and a pressing means for pressing the friction material attached to the friction material gripping means and the counterpart material attached to the counterpart material gripping means. In the friction test apparatus for testing the friction material by rotating the motor by pressing and engaging the friction material and the counterpart material by the pressing means,
The outer wall of the housing has a piston that presses the friction material and the mating material, and the pressing means is arranged outside the housing and presses the friction material and the mating material via the piston. And
The pressing means is provided with a load meter for measuring a load applied to a friction material and a counterpart material during a friction test, and a displacement meter for measuring a displacement of the pressing means during a friction test, and the load meter is provided in the housing. Attached to the pressing means in contact with the surface of the piston outside
Control for controlling the pressing operation of the pressing means based on information from the load meter and the displacement meter and increasing the moving speed of the pressing member until the friction material and the mating material are engaged. A friction test apparatus characterized in that The friction test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The friction test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the low-temperature tank for housing the housing is attached during a low-temperature friction test, the pressing means is disposed outside the low-temperature tank .

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