JP4977867B2 - Coke extrusion method and coke manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention has a heat storage chamber at the lower part of the furnace body, and in the chamber furnace type coke oven in which combustion chambers and carbonization chambers are alternately arranged at the upper part, coke produced by dry distillation in the carbonization chamber The present invention relates to a coke extrusion method and a coke production method for extruding from a steel.

  In the coke oven, when coke (coke lump) produced by carbonizing coal in the carbonization chamber is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, the coke is clogged in the carbonization chamber, resulting in an increase in the extrusion load. As a result, a large force acts on the furnace wall of the coke oven carbonization chamber, and the furnace wall may be damaged. If the clogging is severe, the furnace wall will be destroyed, or it will be impossible to extrude coke with an extrusion device, and the coke must be scraped out manually after the furnace temperature has been lowered. When clogging occurs in this way, the repair cost of the furnace wall increases, and the production volume is inevitably reduced by stopping the furnace.

  In order to solve such problems, the following techniques have been proposed as techniques for reducing the extrusion load and preventing damage to the furnace wall.

  For example, when repairing the bottom brick in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven, the dry powder coke is placed in the carbonization chamber, and the dry powder coke fills the recesses on the surface of the bottom brick and flattens it. There is a method of reducing the friction between the lump and the furnace bottom (for example, see Patent Document 1).

Further, prior to charging the raw coal to the carbonization chamber, the particulate refractory material (5mm or less) (such as graphite or Si ₃ N ₄₎ leave spread the beveled furnace bottom, lump coke and the oven during coke extrusion There is also a technique of reducing the friction between the bottoms and consequently preventing the furnace wall damage (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
JP 59-187082 A JP-A-8-120278

  However, the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have a problem that they cannot be sufficiently reduced in pushing load.

  That is, both of the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are intended to reduce the frictional force between the coke lump and the carbonization chamber furnace bottom. The main cause of the increase is not the frictional force between the coke mass and the bottom of the coking chamber, but when the coke mass is extruded using an extrusion device, the coke mass pushed by the ram head of the extrusion device is deformed and collapsed. This is because the frictional force between the coke lump and the carbonization chamber side wall is increased by spreading in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and when extruding a coke lump from a coking chamber of a coke oven, the coke oven can accurately reduce the extrusion load and reduce damage to the coke oven wall. The object is to provide an extrusion method and a coke production method.

The features of the present invention for solving such problems are as follows.
(1) When the coke lump in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, the coke lump is vibrated when the bottom temperature of the combustion chamber adjacent to the carbonization chamber is 1000 ° C. or less. Coke extrusion method characterized by extruding while giving.
(2) When the coke lump in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, if the bottom temperature of the combustion chamber adjacent to the carbonization chamber is 1300 ° C. or higher, the coke lump is vibrated. Coke extrusion method characterized by extruding while giving.
(3) When the coke lump in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, when the temperature difference between the bottom temperatures of the two combustion chambers adjacent to the carbonization chamber is 100 ° C. or more, Coke extrusion method characterized by extruding while giving vibration to coke mass.
(4) When the coke lump in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, the setting time, which is the time from the end of the dry distillation of coal in the carbonization chamber to the start of extrusion, is the target. A coke extrusion method characterized by extruding while giving vibration to a coke lump when a preset setting time exceeds 180 minutes or more.
(5) When coke lump produced by dry distillation of coal in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, when the water content of the coal is 6.0 mass% or less, coke A coke extrusion method characterized by extruding a mass while applying vibration.
(6) When the coke lump produced by carbonizing the coal in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, the proportion of the particle size of the coal is 3 mm or less is 68 mass% or less. And a coke extrusion method wherein the coke mass is extruded while applying vibration.
(7) The extrusion device has a ram head for pressing the coke lump against the coke lump to extrude the coke lump from the carbonization chamber, and the coke lump is vibrated by vibrating the ram head. The coke extrusion method according to any one of (6).
(8) The coke extrusion method according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein a vibration including at least an extrusion direction component is applied as a vibration direction.
(9) The coke extrusion method according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein vibration including one or more types of frequency components of 2 Hz to 100 Hz is applied.
(10) The coke extrusion method according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein vibration having a waveform including one or more types of sine waves is applied.
(11) The coke extrusion method according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein vibration having a vibration level of an acceleration level of 0.5G to 10G is applied.
(12) A coke production method comprising extruding a coke mass from a carbonization chamber using the coke extrusion method according to any one of (1) to (11).

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the extrusion load at the time of extruding a coke lump from the carbonization chamber of a coke oven can be reduced. Thereby, damage to the furnace wall of the coke oven can be reduced, and the life of the furnace wall can be extended. Further, since the occurrence of clogging can be prevented, operation delay is avoided and productivity is improved. In addition, the extrusion load (for example, the maximum load current value of the extrusion ram drive unit) can be maintained within the control level regardless of the volatile content of the blended coal, the expansion pressure of the blended coal, and the blending amount of the high expansion pressure coal. Charcoal management becomes very easy. Accordingly, the amount of low-cost coal with high volatile content, low volatile content, or high expansion pressure can be increased, so that the cost of coke production can be reduced.

  In the present invention, the extrusion load is reduced by extruding from the carbonization chamber while applying vibration to the coke mass, which is a mass of coke produced by dry distillation of coal charged into the carbonization chamber of the coke oven. By applying vibration to the coke mass, the friction between the coke mass and the carbonization chamber furnace wall is changed from static friction to dynamic friction, thereby reducing the friction coefficient, thereby reducing the extrusion load. And it is effective to apply such vibration to the coke mass when the occurrence of clogging is expected.

  In addition, the coke lump said by this invention refers to the whole coke in a carbonization chamber, and does not mean only the block-shaped coke part which coke fixed. Coke cracks in the process of being cooled in the furnace, but in the extrusion process, the cokes come into close contact with each other and can transmit vibrations throughout the coke as a single unit, so the entire coke is fixed. Thus, it is not necessary to have an integrated block shape.

  First, an embodiment for imparting vibration to a coke mass will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a longitudinal section of the coke lump and the extrusion device in the coke oven carbonization chamber in the extrusion direction, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the coke extrusion device.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a coking chamber of a coke oven, in which a coke lump 11 is generated. 1 and 2, reference numeral 20 denotes a coke extrusion device, which includes an extrusion ram 21, an extrusion ram driving device (not shown), and a ram head 22 provided at the tip of the extrusion ram 21. The pressing surface of the ram head 22 pressed against the coke lump 11 is divided into three pressing surfaces, that is, an upper pressing surface 22a, an intermediate pressing surface 22b, and a lower pressing surface 22c in the vertical direction, A vibration exciter 23 is attached to the extrusion ram 21 to vibrate the intermediate pressing surface 22b having the largest pressing area through the vibration rod 24 in the pushing direction.

  The procedure in the case of extruding the coke lump 11 from the carbonization chamber 10 using the coke extrusion apparatus 20 configured as described above is shown in the following (a) to (c).

  (A) First, as shown in FIG. 1, the pushing ram 21 is operated from a state of waiting outside the carbonizing chamber 10, so that the pressing surfaces 22 a, 22 b, and 22 c of the ram head 22 are coke in the carbonizing chamber 10. The ram head 22 is pushed against the lump 11 and advanced in the direction of the white arrow in FIG.

  (B) Next, when the extrusion of the coke lump 11 is started, the intermediate pressing surface 22b is vibrated in the extruding direction (indicated by arrows in both directions in FIG. The ram head 22 is advanced while applying vibration.

  (C) When the entire coke lump 11 is pushed out from the carbonization chamber 10, the vibration of the intermediate pressing surface 22b is stopped, and the pushing ram 21 is moved backward to the initial standby position.

  By extruding the coke lump 11 as described above, the friction applied between the coke lump 11 and the friction between the coke lump 11 and the furnace wall of the carbonization chamber 10 changes from static friction to dynamic friction. The coefficient decreases, thereby reducing the extrusion load. As a result, damage to the furnace wall can be suppressed, operation delay due to clogging can be avoided, and productivity can be increased.

  In the above, vibration was applied to the coke lump from the beginning to the end of extrusion. When the vibration is applied to the lump 11 and the pushing load becomes smaller than a predetermined value, the application of the vibration may be stopped. Normally, the pushing load is maximized because the forward movement distance of the ram head 22 from the extrusion start position is 1 m to 1.5 m. 11 may be stopped from applying vibration.

  As the vibration direction of the ram head, any of the vertical direction and the extrusion direction of the furnace can be used as long as vibration can be applied to the entire coke mass. However, it is difficult to reliably transmit vibration from the ram head to the entire coke block, for example, vibrations mainly in the vertical direction of the furnace. is required. However, in this case, there is a high possibility that only the peripheral portion of the coke mass pierced with the protrusion of the ram head vibrates, and the coke mass of only that portion collapses, and it becomes difficult to transmit vibration to the entire coke mass. Furthermore, when the vibration direction in the vertical direction is mainly used, since it includes the direction in which the coke mass is lifted, the load on the shaker is large and the drive capability of the shaker needs to be increased.

  From the above, it is preferable that the vibration direction of the ram head is a vibration direction including a vibration component in the pushing direction because the structure of the ram head can be simplified and the driving capability of the vibration exciter can be reduced. More preferably, a vibration direction mainly including a vibration component in the pushing direction is more preferable. Of course, the vibration may be applied obliquely upward or obliquely downward.

  Further, in the above description, the vibration exciter 23 is connected only to the intermediate pressing surface 22b, but the pressing surface is also connected to the upper pressing surface 22a and the lower pressing surface 22c to vibrate and vibrate. One or more may be appropriately selected and vibrated. In addition, the pressing surface of the ram head 22 is divided into three parts, and the pressing area of the intermediate pressing surface 22b is maximized. The ratio should be selected. Of course, the pressing surface of the ram head 22 need not be divided.

  Furthermore, the frequency band of vibration is preferably a single frequency of 2 Hz to 100 Hz in terms of control, but two or more types of frequency components in this band may be included. Regular vibration or irregular vibration may be used. When the frequency band of vibration exceeds 100 Hz, the vibration amplitude decreases, so the effect of vibration on the coke mass decreases. More preferably, it is 60 Hz or less. In addition, when the frequency band of vibration is less than 2 Hz, it is necessary to increase the input energy to the shaker in order to obtain sufficient acceleration, and the effect of vibration given to the coke mass tends to be insufficient. In particular, 30 Hz to 60 Hz is preferable.

  The vibration waveform is not necessarily a sine wave, and may be a triangular wave, a rectangular wave, a waveform such as a continuous impulse wave, or a waveform in which they are mixed. Moreover, it is preferable to vibrate the ram head with a waveform including one or more types of sine waves.

Also, the acceleration level of vibration may be an acceleration level of 0.5 G or more in order to give effective vibration to the coke mass. Further, an acceleration level of 1G or more is more preferable. Moreover, it is preferable to set it as 10 G or less considering the mechanical strength of an extrusion apparatus. The acceleration level “G” is a gravitational acceleration of 1G = 9.8 m / s ² .

  The acceleration level can be measured by an arbitrary method. For example, an acceleration pickup signal attached to the vibration portion of the ram head can be obtained by converting it with a charge amplifier and recording it with a personal computer.

  Further, the vibration exciter is preferably a device that can arbitrarily adjust the frequency and the acceleration level, and a motor, hydraulic pressure, water pressure, or the like can be adopted as the driving method. However, for example, a vibro hammer or an air hammer can be used as a vibration mechanism that can be mounted in a narrow space from a high temperature load.

  The application of vibration as described above can be performed at the time of all coke extrusion, but it is effective to perform at the time of extrusion from the carbonization chamber where clogging is likely to occur.

  The coke oven controls the temperature of each coking chamber. However, the temperature of the coking chamber after trouble occurrence and after repairing the furnace wall, the coking chamber that has been empty for a long time, and the adjacent coking chamber are subject to fluctuations in the furnace temperature. This is not sufficient, and due to fluctuations in furnace temperature, the extrusion load becomes high and clogging tends to occur. The following (A) to (D) are examples of cases where clogging is likely to occur due to furnace temperature fluctuations.

(A) When the bottom temperature of the combustion chamber is low, the bottom temperature of the coke oven combustion chamber is lower than the set value due to a fire failure or the like, and when the temperature is 1000 ° C. or less, the furnace wall temperature of the adjacent carbonization chamber is decreased, The coke does not shrink sufficiently, and the clearance between the furnace wall and the coke cannot be secured, and clogging is likely to occur. Note that “burning out” means that the carbonization of coal is completed. The bottom temperature of the combustion chamber can be measured from the top of the furnace using a radiation thermometer or the like.

(B) When the bottom temperature of the combustion chamber is high If the bottom temperature of the combustion chamber is 1300 ° C or higher, the furnace wall temperature of the adjacent carbonization chamber will rise, and coke will become finer due to excessive dry distillation, and clogging will occur. Cheap.

(C) When the temperature difference between the adjacent combustion chamber bottoms is large If the temperature difference between the combustion chamber bottom temperatures adjacent to the carbonization chamber where the coke lump is extruded is 100 ° C. or more, the temperature in the carbonization chamber is non-uniform. As a result, variations in the properties of the produced coke tend to cause clogging.

(D) When the placing time is long The “placement time” is the time from the end of the dry distillation of coal to the start of extrusion. In the operation of the coke oven, the "operating rate" indicating the production rate of the coke oven, which is the percentage of the number of extrusions per day in the coke oven, and the "carbonization time" which is the time from coal loading to extrusion Is appropriately determined from the amount of coke produced. In order to extrude the coke, it is necessary to take an appropriate setting time due to quality restrictions and the like, and the burning time is determined by subtracting this setting time from the average carbonization time. That is,
“Carbonization time” = “fire-out time” + “placement time”
There is a relationship. Since the furnace temperature, which is the temperature of the carbonization chamber, is proportional to the fire-off time, the furnace temperature is set so as to achieve the target fire-off time. Therefore, the target setting time is determined by setting the average burnout time from the operating rate of the coke oven. If it becomes longer than the target setting time due to the occurrence of operational troubles, etc., the carbon tends to be peeled off due to the rise in the furnace wall temperature. If the difference between the actual time and the setting time is 180 minutes or more, clogging is likely to occur when the charged coal is pushed out next time. The end of dry distillation of coal can be detected by the end of generation of gas generated during dry distillation or the temperature drop of the riser pipe of the coke oven.

  Further, in addition to fluctuations in the furnace temperature, clogging is likely to occur due to an increase in the bulk density of the raw coal charged into the carbonization chamber. Examples of the case where the charging bulk density is high include the following (E) when the water content of coal (mixed coal) as a coke raw material is small, and (F) when the particle size of coal (mixed coal) is small.

(E) When water content of blended coal is low When the moisture content of coal (mixed coal) charged into the carbonization chamber as a coke raw material is, for example, 6.0 mass% or less, the bulk density of the charged coal is 750 kg / m ^3. As the above becomes high, the gap between the furnace wall and the coke lump becomes small, and it may be impossible to perform a smooth extrusion. Therefore, when the water content of coal (mixed coal) is small, clogging is likely to occur.

(F) When the particle size of the coal blend is small The particle size of the coal (mixed coal) charged into the carbonization chamber as a coke raw material is about 68 mass% (-3 mm, 68 mass%) or less, for example, with a particle size of 3 mm or less. In this case, the charged coal bulk density becomes as high as 750 kg / m ³ or more, and the gap between the furnace wall and the coke lump becomes small, which may make it impossible to perform smooth extrusion. Therefore, when the particle size of coal (mixed coal) is small, clogging is likely to occur.

  In the present invention, in the carbonization chamber as in the above (A) to (F), by applying vibration to the coke mass at the time of extrusion, the extrusion load can be reduced and the occurrence of clogging can be prevented. In each case, vibration can be imparted to the coke mass from the beginning to the end of extrusion, or vibration can be imparted to the coke mass for part of the extrusion process.

  In the chamber type coke oven, the coke extrusion apparatus 20 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was used for extrusion while applying vibration to the coke mass. While pushing vibration (frequency 50 Hz, acceleration level 1 G, vibration excitation force 196 kN, sine wave) from the end face of the coke block to the coke block 11, the extrusion force is pushed out at a constant speed by a pushing ram driving device (hydraulic cylinder). (Extrusion load) was measured. The ram head 22 is divided into the extrusion surfaces 22a, 22b, and 22c, and the extrusion surface 22b (1/2 of the entire area of the extrusion surface) can be vibrated, and is vibrated from the back by the vibrator 23. . In addition, the vibration machine 23 used the vibration motor (The eccentric weight was rotated at high speed). The vibration pattern applied vibration at the start of extrusion (vibration ON), and stopped vibration (vibration OFF) at the end of extrusion.

  At that time, the pushing force was obtained by converting the signal of the load cell attached to the ram head 22 with a strain amplifier and recording it with a measuring instrument (personal computer). The acceleration level is converted by the charge amplifier (B & K Charge Amplifier Model Type 2635) from the signal of the acceleration pickup (B & K Piezoelectric Charge Accelerometer Model Number 4383) attached to the vibration part (extrusion surface 22b) of the ram head 22. And recorded with a measuring instrument (computer).

  The coal blend used for coke production had a water content of 7 mass% and a particle size of 72 mass% with a particle size of 3 mm or less. Moreover, the combustion chamber bottom part temperature of both adjacent was 1240 degreeC, and the operation time was operated by the target setting time. The bottom temperature of the combustion chamber was measured from the inspection hole at the top of the coke oven with a radiation thermometer.

  Based on the above case, coke lump was extruded by changing the blended coal and operating conditions as described below, and the change in the extrusion force was measured for the case where vibration was applied and the case where vibration was not applied. The extrusion force was compared with the maximum extrusion force measured in each operation.

  FIG. 3 shows changes in extrusion force when the moisture content of the blended coal is changed at 4 to 12 mass%. The case where the white circle does not apply vibration is the case where the black circle applies vibration. In normal operation, when the water content is 6 mass% or less, extrusion may become difficult due to an increase in the extrusion force. However, the extrusion force decreases due to application of vibration, and the water content is 6.0 mass% or less. Even in this case, a smooth extrusion was possible.

  FIG. 4 shows changes in the extrusion force when the particle size of the blended coal is changed from 65 to 90 mass% at a ratio of the particle size of 3 mm or less. The case where the white circle does not apply vibration is the case where the black circle applies vibration. In a normal operation, when the ratio of particle size of 3 mm or less is 68 mass% or less, extrusion may become difficult due to increase in the extrusion force, but the extrusion force decreases due to application of vibration, and the ratio of particle size of 3 mm or less Even in the case of 68 mass% or less, a smooth extrusion was possible.

  FIG. 5 shows changes in the extrusion force when the temperature at the bottom of one combustion chamber adjacent to the carbonization chamber where extrusion is performed is changed at 900 to 1400 ° C. The case where the white circle does not apply vibration is the case where the black circle applies vibration. In normal operation, when the combustion chamber bottom temperature is 1000 ° C. or lower and 1300 ° C. or higher, extrusion may become difficult due to an increase in the extrusion force, but the extrusion force decreases due to the application of vibration, and the combustion chamber bottom temperature is No clogging occurred even at 1000 ° C. or lower and 1300 ° C. or higher.

  FIG. 6 shows changes in the pushing force when the time is changed. The case where the white circle does not apply vibration is the case where the black circle applies vibration. The placement time was indicated by the difference between the placement time of the actual results and the target placement time, and the pushing force was measured when the target difference in placement time was 0 to 300 minutes. In normal operation, if the placement time is increased by 180 minutes or more from the target, extrusion may become difficult due to an increase in the push force, but the push force is reduced by applying vibration, and the target difference in placement time is 180 minutes or more. But there was no clogging.

  FIG. 7 shows changes in the pushing force when the temperature difference between the bottom temperatures of the combustion chambers adjacent to the carbonizing chamber where extrusion is performed is changed from 0 to 200 ° C. The case where the white circle does not apply vibration is the case where the black circle applies vibration. In normal operation, when the temperature difference between adjacent carbonization chambers is 100 ° C or more, extrusion may become difficult due to the increase in extrusion force, but the extrusion force decreases due to the application of vibration, and the temperature difference at the bottom of the combustion chamber No clogging occurred even when the temperature was 100 ° C. or higher.

It is explanatory drawing which shows one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows an example of a coke extrusion apparatus. It is a graph which shows the change of extrusion force at the time of changing the moisture content of a combination charcoal. It is a graph which shows the change of extrusion force at the time of changing the particle size of blended coal. It is a graph which shows the change of extrusion force at the time of changing the adjacent combustion chamber bottom part temperature. It is a graph which shows the change of extrusion force at the time of changing placement time. It is a graph which shows the change of extrusion force at the time of changing the temperature difference of the combustion chamber bottom part temperature of both adjacent.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Carbonization chamber of coke oven 11 Coke lump 20 Coke extrusion apparatus 21 Extrusion ram 22 Ram head 22a Upper pressing surface 22b Intermediate pressing surface 22c Lower pressing surface 23 Exciter 24 Exciting rod

Claims (12)

  When the coke mass in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, if the bottom temperature of the combustion chamber adjacent to the carbonization chamber is 1000 ° C. or less, the coke mass is extruded while applying vibration to the coke mass. Coke extrusion method characterized by this.   When the coke mass in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, if the bottom temperature of the combustion chamber adjacent to the carbonization chamber is 1300 ° C. or higher, the coke mass is extruded while applying vibration to the coke mass. Coke extrusion method characterized by this.   When the coke lump in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, if the temperature difference between the bottom temperatures of the two combustion chambers adjacent to the carbonization chamber is 100 ° C or more, the coke lump vibrates. Coke extrusion method characterized by extruding while imparting.   When the coke mass in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, the setting time, which is the time from the end of dry distillation of coal in the carbonization chamber to the start of extrusion, is set as a target. A coke extrusion method characterized by extruding while giving vibration to a coke lump when the time exceeds 180 minutes or more.   When the coke lump produced by carbonizing the coal in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extruder, the coke lump is vibrated when the water content of the coal is 6.0 mass% or less. Coke extrusion method characterized by extruding while giving.   When coke lump produced by carbonizing the coal in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven is extruded from the carbonization chamber using an extrusion device, when the proportion of the particle size of the coal is 3 mm or less in particle size is 68 mass% or less, the coke lump A coke extrusion method characterized by extruding while applying vibration to the surface.   7. The extrusion device according to claim 1, further comprising a ram head for pressing the coke lump against the coke lump to extrude the coke lump from the carbonization chamber, and applying vibration to the coke lump by vibrating the ram head. The coke extrusion method according to any one of the above.   The coke extrusion method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a vibration including at least an extrusion direction component is applied as a vibration direction.   The coke extrusion method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein vibration including one or more types of frequency components of 2 Hz to 100 Hz is applied.   10. The coke extrusion method according to claim 1, wherein a vibration having a waveform including one or more types of sine waves is applied.   The coke extrusion method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein vibration having a vibration level of an acceleration level of 0.5G to 10G is applied.   A coke production method, wherein a coke mass is extruded from a carbonization chamber using the coke extrusion method according to claim 1.

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