JP4977549B2 - Thermal environment control device for building roof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a thermal environment adjusting device for a roof of a building.

  For example, in a glass roof intended for daylighting in an atrium or the like, hot air pools are generated in the upper layer portion of the space below the roof due to solar heat passing through the glass roof. And since the air temperature of indoor space rises with the thermal radiation from upper direction, thermal comfort is impaired and the energy consumption for air conditioning also increases.

  In general, roofs have more solar radiation heat accumulation per year than walls.So, in order to improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption for air conditioning, measures such as solar radiation shielding and heat insulation on the roof are required. It is important to apply.

Conventional examples of such measures include the following.
1. In the case of an atrium glass roof: Cover the glass roof with an awning or other covering.
2. For roofs of ordinary houses: Insulate by laying a heat insulating material inside the roof.

A conventional example will be described with reference to the literature.
For example, in Patent Document 1, a surface member having weather resistance on the front surface side, a surface member having a reflection function on the back surface side, and a louver provided with a heat insulating material in the middle can be reversed on the front and back sides. A covering device is described which is installed above the glass roof, blocks solar radiation with the front side facing outward in the summer, and incorporates solar radiation with the back side facing outward in the winter.

  Further, Patent Document 2 describes a concrete roof having a structure in which awning tiles having a cross-sectional arch shape are arranged along the gradient direction above a concrete slab roof constructed with a predetermined gradient.

Further, in Patent Document 3, water is provided on the roof of the building, and water is sprayed when the temperature of the roof surface exceeds a set temperature. A system is described that maintains the thermal environment inside and outside the building by the cooling effect of evaporation.
JP-A-6-10571 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-238005 JP 2000-297502 A

As mentioned above, in order to adjust the thermal environment such as preventing the deterioration of the thermal environment of indoor space due to solar radiation on the roof of the building, such as blocking solar radiation or cooling using the evaporation heat of water, etc. Measures have been taken conventionally, but these have been carried out individually, and various adjustments of the thermal environment have not been made by organically combining them.
The present invention aims to solve the above problems.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, in the present invention, a water storage portion that opens upward is formed on the upper surface side of the roof, and a louver is provided in the opening portion of the water storage portion, and a water absorption layer is formed on the back surface of the louver. At the same time, a thermal environment adjusting device is proposed for the roof of a building having a structure in which a water guide material is suspended in the direction of the water storage section at the lower end during the opening operation.

  Further, in the present invention, a water storage part having an upper opening is formed on the upper surface side of the roof, a louver is provided in the opening of the water storage part, and a cover plate body is installed above the louver, so that the cover plate body and the water storage part In the louver, a water absorption layer is formed on the back surface of the louver, and a water conveyance material is suspended in the direction of the water storage section at the lower end during the opening operation. A thermal environment control device is proposed.

  Moreover, in this invention, it proposes to comprise the supplementary water system | strain which reaches a drinking water in the above thermal environment adjustment apparatus to the water tank connected with the water storage part through the water supply system and the surplus water drainage system.

  The present invention proposes that the roof, the louver, and the cover plate are made of a transparent material or an opaque material, and that the bottom wall of the water storage portion is the roof in the above thermal environment adjusting device.

  The thermal environment adjusting apparatus of the present invention according to claim 1 can shield direct solar radiation on the roof by first suitably tilting the louver during daytime in summer. At this time, the water stored in the water storage part is led to the water guide material and reaches the water absorption layer formed on the back surface of the louver. Thus, the water stored in the water storage part evaporates on the surface of the water storage part, the surface of the water guide material, and the surface of the water absorption layer, takes heat away from the latent heat of evaporation, cools the ambient air, and increases the temperature of the stored water. Since it suppresses, heating of a roof can be prevented.

  Further, at summer nighttime, if the louver is fully opened, the stored water is cooled by the radiative cooling action, thereby contributing to prevention of heating of the roof in the daytime as well as cooling of the roof at nighttime.

  Next, in the winter season, if the louver is fully closed during the day and at night, the stored water is warmed by solar heat during the day, and the radiant cooling is suppressed at night, and the stored water heated by solar radiation during the day is passed through the roof. Therefore, it can contribute to the heating of the indoor space. When the louver is fully closed, it is possible to prevent the stored water from moving to the water absorption layer through the water guide material by setting the lower end of the water guide material to be located above the water level of the stored water. Thus, cooling due to evaporation can be suppressed.

  In the thermal environment adjusting device of the present invention described in claim 2, in addition to the above, the cover plate body can prevent the flying object from falling and accumulating in the water storage section. At this time, by providing a ventilation fan, air can be circulated satisfactorily between the cover plate and the water storage part, and the stored water can be effectively evaporated.

  As water stored in the water reservoir, rainwater can be basically used, but water can be used when the rainwater is depleted. For example, the water tank connected to the water storage unit through the water supply system and the surplus water drainage system is configured with a supplementary water system that reaches the water supply, and these water supply system, surplus water drainage system, and supplementary water system are appropriately controlled. Thus, the water level of the water reservoir can be maintained at a constant water level.

  In addition to the roof, the louver, or the cover plate body, the water absorption layer is made of a transparent material, so that the roof can be used for daylighting.

Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, FIGS. 1-4 shows 1st Embodiment of the thermal environment adjusting device of this invention.
In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a roof, and this roof is made of a transparent (including translucent) material such as a glass plate in the case of performing daylighting. It can be constituted by an opaque material such as.

On the upper surface side of the roof 1, a water storage portion 2 that opens upward is configured, and a louver 3 is provided in the opening of the water storage portion 2. The louver 3 has a water absorption layer 4 on the back surface, and a water guide material 5 that hangs down in the direction of the water storage portion 2 at the lower end portion during the opening operation. As shown in FIG. 4, the water absorption layer 4 is formed on the entire back surface of the louver 3, and a plurality of water guide members 5 are formed along the end portions described above. Here, the water guide material 5 absorbs the stored water 6 stored in the water storage section 2 by capillary action to reach the end of the water absorption layer 4, and the water absorption layer 4 is attached to the end by the water guide material 5. As long as it is a material capable of diffusing water to the entire surface by capillary action, an appropriate material such as a fiber can be used, but it can be made transparent by using glass fiber or transparent synthetic resin fiber. can do. In addition, by carrying the photocatalyst on the material of the louver 3, the water absorbing layer 4, the water guide material 5, and further the material of the roof 1, it becomes possible to sweep with solar radiation and water, so that the labor of cleaning work can be reduced. it can.

  Moreover, the louver 3 can be configured to be detachable from the structure constituting the water storage unit 2, and in this case, the upper surface of the roof 1 and the louver 3 can be cleaned regularly.

  1 to 4, reference numeral 7 is a roof frame for supporting the roof 1, 8 is a storage weir of the water storage unit 2, 9 is a rain gutter function unit, and 10 is a bottom plate, which can be attached and detached during regular cleaning. It is configured.

  In the above configuration, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the daytime operation state in the summer, and the direct solar radiation to the roof 1 can be shielded by appropriately tilting the louver 3. At this time, the water 6 stored in the water storage unit 2 is guided to the water guide material 5 and reaches the water absorption layer 4 formed on the back surface of the louver 3. Thus, the water 6 stored in the water storage part 2 evaporates on the surface of the water storage part 2, the surface of the water guide material 5, and the surface of the water absorption layer 4, and takes away heat by the latent heat of evaporation to cool the atmosphere air and store it. Since the temperature rise of the water 6 is suppressed, the heating of the roof 1 can be prevented.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the louver 3 is configured to be openable and closable by a well-known mechanism. When the louver 3 is rotated counterclockwise from the solid line in the figure, the louver 3 stands up and becomes fully open, and conversely When it is rotated around to be in a fully closed state, the lower end of the water guide material 5 rises to a position away from the water 6 of the water storage section 2. Therefore, in the latter case, it is possible to prevent the stored water 6 from moving to the water absorption layer 4 via the water guide material 5, and thus cooling due to evaporation can be prevented.

  As the water 6 stored in the water storage unit 2, rainwater can be basically used. However, as described later, it is possible to use a configuration in which water is used when the rainwater is depleted.

  Next, FIG. 5 to FIG. 9 show a second embodiment of the thermal environment adjusting apparatus of the present invention. In this second embodiment, a plurality of bottom walls of the water storage section 2 are provided, in this case, Two roofs 1 are supported by a frame. Accordingly, a fixed shielding plate 17 is provided above the middle frame 7. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above, the corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals and redundant description is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a replenishment water system 14 leading to clean water is configured in a water tank 11 connected to a water storage unit 2 via a water supply system 12 and a surplus water drainage system 13, and these water supply system 12, surplus water By appropriately controlling the drainage system 13 and the supplementary water system 14, the water level of the water storage unit 2 can be maintained at a constant water level or a water level within a certain range.

  FIG. 5 shows the operation state during the daytime in summer, as in FIG. 1 and FIG.

  Next, FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show the operation state at night in summer. As shown in these drawings, the louver 3 is raised from the state of FIG. 5 by the counterclockwise rotation in FIG. To do. In this state, the stored water is cooled by the radiative cooling action, thereby contributing to the prevention of heating of the roof 1 in the daytime as well as the cooling of the roof 1 at night.

  Next, FIGS. 8 and 9 show winter daytime and nighttime operating states. As shown in these drawings, the louver 3 is brought into a horizontal state by rotating clockwise from the state shown in FIG. Adjacent objects are overlapped to be in a fully closed state. In this state, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the lower end of the water guide material 5 rises to a position away from the water 6 of the water storage section 2. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the stored water 6 from moving to the water absorption layer 4 through the water guide material 5 and to prevent cooling due to evaporation.

  For this reason, the stored water 6 is warmed by solar radiation in the daytime, and radiation cooling is suppressed at night, and the stored water 6 warmed by the solar radiation in the daytime contributes to the heating of the indoor space through the roof 1. be able to.

FIG. 10 shows an example of a louver control flow in the above operation.
First, in the process of step S1, data such as environmental data is collected. This data includes measurement data such as temperature, wind speed, solar altitude, and clock data for determining the season.

  Next, in the process of step S2, it is determined from the clock data or the like whether the current time is summer. As a result of the determination, if it is summer (Yes), the process proceeds to step S3. If it is not summer (No), the process proceeds to step S8.

  In the process of step S3, it is determined whether or not the wind speed is 5 m / s or less. If it is 5 m / s or less (Yes), the process proceeds to step S4. If not (No), the process of step S8 is performed. Migrate to

  In the process of step S4, it is determined whether or not the temperature of the space below the roof is 25 ° C. or higher. If the temperature is 25 ° C. or higher (Yes), the process proceeds to step S5, and if not (No), the process of step S8 is performed. Migrate to

  In the process of step S5, it is determined whether the solar altitude is 0 ° or higher, that is, whether the night is dawn. If the sun altitude is 0 ° or higher (Yes), the process proceeds to step S6. Shifts to the process of step S7.

  In step S6, control is performed to adjust the opening degree of the louver 3 in accordance with the solar altitude. In step S7, control is performed to fully open the louver 3. In step S8, control is performed to fully close the louver 3. Do.

  In the control flow described above, in step S2, control is performed in which the louver 3 is fully closed except in summer in the control category divided into summer and non-summer, but the control category is further divided into three or more. Fine control of the grain. Increasing the number of control sections in this manner is the same in steps S3 to S5.

  Here, the control for adjusting the opening degree of the louver 3 may be performed either manually or automatically. In the case of automatic control, the power source is generated by solar power generation or thermoelectric power generation as in the case of the ventilation fan. By using the generated electric power, the energy saving property of the thermal environment adjusting device of the present invention is not hindered. In the automatic adjustment, a control method for predicting and adjusting a weather change from weather observation data, a control method using a timer, or the like can be used.

  Next, FIG. 11 shows a third embodiment of the thermal environment adjusting device of the present invention. In this embodiment, the thermal environment adjusting device of the second embodiment is covered above the louver 3. The plate body 18 is installed so that air can flow between the cover plate body 18 and the water storage section 2, and the cover plate body 18 is configured to support a plurality of objects connected by a frame 19. And the outside air fan 20 and the exhaust fan 21 for taking in outside air are provided in the side, and air circulation is made favorable. Since other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  In the third embodiment, the cover plate 18 can prevent flying objects from falling and accumulating in the water reservoir 2. At this time, by providing a ventilation fan composed of the outside air fan 20 and the exhaust fan 21, the air flow between the cover plate 18 and the water storage unit 2 is performed well, and the stored water 6 is effectively evaporated. be able to.

  In the third embodiment, as the power source of the ventilation fan, for example, if power obtained by solar power generation or thermoelectric power generation is used, the energy saving performance of the thermal environment adjusting apparatus of the present invention is not hindered.

Next, an example of a method for designing the louver 3 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 12 schematically shows the position of the sun at noon in summer. Reference numeral 3 is a louver as described above. The louver 3 has an inclination angle of θ, and the incident angle of direct solar radiation indicated by a solid arrow in the figure is i To do.
In this state, by adjusting the inclination angle of the louver 3 and the interval between adjacent louvers 3 so that the value Y represented by the following expression (1) is equal to the length L of the longitudinal section of the louver 3 The louver 3 can be designed so that direct solar radiation does not enter the roof 1 through the gap between the louvers 3.

Y = (L / 2) cosθ + Lsinθtan (θ-i) + (L / 2) cosθ (1)
That is, in the formula (1), with respect to the sun position at noon described above,
(1) When Y = L: The direct solar radiation shield can be adjusted appropriately.
(2) When Y ≧ L: To prevent direct solar radiation more than necessary, it is overdesigned.
(3) When Y ≦ L: Direct solar radiation is not sufficiently shielded.

Next, a design example of a louver corresponding to noon in early August in Tokyo is shown.
Example 1 Louver (Inclination angle 30 °, Azimuth angle 0 °)
Incident angle of direct solar radiation 13.1 °
Optimum louver spacing: (2/3 to 3/4) L
Example 2 Louver (Inclination angle 30 °, Azimuth angle 30 °)
Incident angle of direct solar radiation 17.3 °
Optimum louver spacing: (3/4) L
Example 3 Louver (Inclination angle 20 °, Azimuth angle 0 °)
Incident angle of direct solar radiation 3.1 °
Optimum louver spacing: (4 / 5-9 / 10) L
Where L is the length of the longitudinal section of the louver

Next, the amount of water stored in the water storage unit 2 can be appropriately set according to the frequency of replenishing the stored water, that is, the number of days planned, for example, the amount of water evaporation for one day on a typical summer sunny day If it is about 5 mm / day, the amount of water evaporation during one week when there is no rain and there are consecutive sunny days will be 35 mm.
Therefore, when the planned number of days is set to one week, the height of the storage weir may be set so that the depth of the stored water is about 35 mm. In addition, when the planned number of days is set to 5 days, the height of the storage weir should be set so that the depth of the stored water is 25 mm, and the latter reduces the weight of the stored water. Can be achieved.

Next, the example which computed the reduction effect of the roof passage heat amount by the thermal environment adjusting device of this invention is demonstrated.
That is, the amount of heat entering the lower space of the roof due to solar radiation is as follows: (1) the condition of the glass roof only, (2) the condition that the stored water exists on the upper side of the glass roof, Then, the calculation result for the condition (the present invention) in which the glass louver exists above is as follows.
Condition (1): about 700 W / m ²
Condition (2): about 50 W / m ²
Condition (3): about −150 W / m ²
That is, in the condition (3) corresponding to the thermal environment adjusting device of the present invention, the amount of heat entering the lower space of the roof is a negative value. Therefore, the thermal environment adjusting device of the present invention makes the air in the lower space of the roof It can be seen that it can be cooled.

The conditions applied to the above calculation are as follows.
Noon on a fine day in early August. Outside temperature 33 ° C, room temperature 28 ° C. Water evaporation 5mm / day.
Normal surface direct solar radiation 800 W / m ² , horizontal solar radiation 150 W / m ² .
Glass: thermal conductivity 0.8 W / m · k, thickness 6.8 mm, solar transmittance 0.7 (direct) 0.6 (diffusion)
Water: thermal conductivity 0.6 W / m · k, water depth 3 cm, solar radiation transmittance 0.7 (direct delivery) 0.6 (diffusion)

  The present invention has a number of effects as described above, and the heat of vaporization of stored water, the heat capacity, and the solar radiation shielding effect by the louvers are combined organically and used, so that A major feature is to improve the thermal comfort by adjusting the environment.

  Therefore, the present invention is extremely applicable when applied to roofs such as atriums, arcades, and outdoor rest areas.

It is a section explanatory view showing a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a principal part enlarged view of FIG. It is the perspective view which notched the near side of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a diffusion diagram which shows the component of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is systematic cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional explanatory drawing which shows the 2nd Embodiment of this invention in another situation. FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of FIG. 6. It is sectional explanatory drawing which shows the 2nd Embodiment of this invention in the further another situation. It is an enlarged view of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the control flow of this invention. It is systematic cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows notionally an example of the louver design method in this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Roof 2 Water storage part 3 Louver 4 Water absorption layer 5 Water transfer material 6 Storage water 7 Roof frame 8 Storage weir 9 Rain gutter function part 10 Bottom plate 11 Water tank 12 Water supply system 13 Surplus water distribution system 14 Supplementary estimation 15 Solar cell panel 16 Pump 17 fixed shielding plate 18 frame 19 cover plate body

Claims (6)

On the upper surface side of the roof, a water storage part that opens upwards is formed, and a louver is provided in the opening of the water storage part. The louver has a water absorption layer on the back surface, and a lower end part at the time of opening operation. The thermal environment adjustment device for the roof of a building, wherein the water guide material is suspended in the direction of the water storage section. On the upper surface side of the roof, a water storage part that opens upward is configured, and a louver is provided in the opening part of the water storage part, and a cover plate is installed above the louver, and air is circulated between the cover plate and the water storage part. The louver has a water absorption layer on the back surface, and the heat environment in the roof of the building is characterized in that the water guiding material is suspended in the direction of the water storage part at the lower end during the opening operation. Adjustment device. 3. A thermal environment control device for a roof of a building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a replenishment water system leading to clean water is formed in a water tank connected to a water storage unit via a water supply system and a surplus water drainage system. . The thermal environment adjusting device for a roof of a building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the roof and the louver are made of a transparent material or an opaque material . The thermal environment adjusting device for a roof of a building according to claim 2, wherein the cover plate is made of a transparent material or an opaque material. The thermal environment control device for a roof of a building according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the bottom wall of the water reservoir is a roof.

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