JP4977055B2 - POWER OUTPUT DEVICE, ITS CONTROL METHOD, AND VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To more properly perform forbiddance and permission of intermittent operation of an internal combustion engine. <P>SOLUTION: Hysteresis his in a threshold value, when forbidding or permitting the intermittent operation of the engine is set to a tendency to become smaller as a temperature tb of a battery is higher (S110), the intermittent operation of the engine is forbidden when output restriction Wout of the battery belongs to an area less than a threshold value Wref out of three areas using the hysteresis his (S130), and the intermittent operation of the engine is permitted when the output restriction Wout of the battery belongs to an area of a threshold value (Wref+his) or above (S140). Thereby, the forbiddance and the permission of the intermittent operation of the engine can be performed by use of the more proper hysteresis to more properly perform the forbiddance and the permission of the intermittent operation of the engine. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a power output apparatus, a control method therefor, and a vehicle.

Conventionally, this type of power output device includes an engine, a planetary gear in which a carrier is connected to the output shaft of the engine and a ring gear is connected to a drive shaft on the axle side, and a rotating shaft connected to a sun gear of the planetary gear. One having a motor and a second motor having a rotating shaft connected to the drive shaft, and prohibiting the intermittent operation of the engine based on the temperature of a battery that exchanges power with the first motor and the second motor Has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this device, when the temperature of the battery is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the engine is allowed to be intermittently operated and the output is limited when the output limit, which is the maximum allowable power that may be output from the battery, reaches a first predetermined value or more. The intermittent operation of the engine is prohibited when the first predetermined value is less than the hysteresis value, and when the battery temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature, the battery output limit is equal to or higher than the second predetermined value which is smaller than the first predetermined value. The intermittent operation of the engine is permitted when the engine reaches the value, and the intermittent operation of the engine is prohibited when the output limit reaches a value smaller than the second predetermined value by the hysteresis amount. And thereby, the temperature range which permits the intermittent operation of the engine is widened to improve the energy efficiency.
JP 2007-191034 A

  In the power output device described above, intermittent operation is permitted or prohibited with hysteresis in order to prevent hunting that repeatedly allows and prohibits intermittent operation of the engine within a short time. If the timing for permitting intermittent operation is delayed, the motor travel area with the engine stopped is unnecessarily small, and if the hysteresis is small, the permission and prohibition of intermittent engine operation will be hunting. It is necessary to set the hysteresis more appropriately.

  The main object of the power output apparatus, the control method thereof, and the vehicle of the present invention is to appropriately prohibit and permit the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine.

  The power output device, the control method thereof, and the vehicle of the present invention employ the following means in order to achieve at least the above-described main object.

The power output apparatus of the present invention is
A power output device that outputs power to a drive shaft,
An internal combustion engine capable of outputting power to the drive shaft;
An electric motor capable of outputting power to the drive shaft;
Power storage means capable of exchanging electric power with the electric motor;
Temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the power storage means;
An output limit setting means for setting an output limit as an allowable maximum power that may be output from the power storage means based on the state of the power storage means;
Hysteresis setting means for setting hysteresis when permitting and prohibiting intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine based on the detected temperature of the power storage means;
The prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set as one of the prohibition conditions that the output limit of the set power storage means has reached less than a first predetermined value, and the output limit of the set power storage means is the An intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means for setting permission of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine by setting one of the permission conditions to be equal to or greater than a second predetermined value that is larger by the set hysteresis than the first predetermined value;
Required driving force setting means for setting required driving force required for the drive shaft;
When permission for intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set by the intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means, a driving force based on the set required driving force is output to the drive shaft along with the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine and the electric motor are controlled, and when the prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set by the intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means, the set required driving force is set with the operation of the internal combustion engine. Control means for controlling the internal combustion engine and the electric motor such that a driving force based on the output is output to the drive shaft;
It is a summary to provide.

  In the power output apparatus of the present invention, an output limit is set as an allowable maximum power that may be output from the power storage means based on the state of the power storage means, and intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is permitted based on the temperature of the power storage means and A hysteresis is set for prohibition, and the prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set with one of the prohibition conditions that the output limit of the power storage means is less than the first predetermined value. The permission for intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set with one of the permission conditions being that the hysteresis reaches a second predetermined value that is larger by the hysteresis set from the predetermined value of 1. When the permission for intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set, the internal combustion engine and the electric motor are connected so that the drive force based on the required drive force required for the drive shaft is output to the drive shaft with the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine. When the prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set, the internal combustion engine and the electric motor are controlled so that the driving force based on the requested driving force is output to the drive shaft along with the operation of the internal combustion engine. That is, the prohibition and permission of the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine are set using hysteresis set based on the temperature of the power storage means. As a result, it is possible to prohibit and permit the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine using a more appropriate hysteresis. That is, the prohibition and permission of the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine can be performed more appropriately.

  In such a power output apparatus of the present invention, the hysteresis setting means may be means for setting hysteresis so that the hysteresis tends to decrease as the detected temperature of the power storage means increases. By doing so, the higher the temperature of the power storage means, the smaller the second predetermined value is used for permitting the intermittent operation. Therefore, when the temperature of the power storage means is high, the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is easily permitted. It is possible to increase the area of motor travel that travels only with power from the vehicle.

  Further, in the power output apparatus of the present invention, power can be exchanged with the power storage means, connected to the drive shaft and connected to the output shaft of the internal combustion engine so as to be rotatable independently of the drive shaft, And power input / output means for inputting / outputting power to / from the drive shaft and the output shaft together with power input / output. In this case, the power power input / output means is connected to three axes of a generator capable of inputting / outputting power, the drive shaft, the output shaft, and the rotating shaft of the generator, and one of the three axes. It can also be a means provided with 3-axis type power input / output means for inputting / outputting power to / from the remaining shafts based on power input / output to / from the two axes.

  The vehicle of the present invention is the power output device of the present invention according to any one of the above-described aspects, that is, basically a power output device that outputs power to the drive shaft, and can output power to the drive shaft. An internal combustion engine, an electric motor capable of outputting power to the drive shaft, an electric storage means capable of exchanging electric power with the electric motor, a temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the electric storage means, and a state of the electric storage means Output limit setting means for setting an output limit as allowable maximum power that may be output from the power storage means, and hysteresis when permitting and prohibiting intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine based on the detected temperature of the power storage means The setting of the hysteresis setting means to be set and the prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set as one of the prohibition conditions that the output limit of the set power storage means has reached less than a first predetermined value, and the set Intermittent operation for setting permission for intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine with one of the permission conditions being that the output limit of the electric means has reached a second predetermined value that is larger than the first predetermined value by the set hysteresis. When the permission of the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set by the prohibition permission setting means, the required driving force setting means for setting the required driving force required for the drive shaft, and the intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means, the internal combustion engine The internal combustion engine and the electric motor are controlled so that a driving force based on the set required driving force is output to the drive shaft with the intermittent operation of the engine, and the intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means controls the internal combustion engine. When prohibition of intermittent operation is set, the internal combustion engine and the front engine are output so that a driving force based on the set required driving force is output to the drive shaft along with the operation of the internal combustion engine. Control means for controlling the electric motor, the power output apparatus including a mounting axle is summarized in that made is connected to the drive shaft.

  Since the vehicle according to the present invention is equipped with the power output device of the present invention according to any one of the above-described aspects, the effects of the power output device of the present invention, for example, the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine can be performed using more appropriate hysteresis. It is possible to achieve the same effect as the effect of enabling the prohibition and the permission, that is, the effect of appropriately prohibiting and permitting the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine.

The method for controlling the power output apparatus of the present invention includes:
A control method of a power output device comprising: an internal combustion engine capable of outputting power to a drive shaft; an electric motor capable of outputting power to the drive shaft; and an electric storage means capable of exchanging electric power with the motor;
(A) Setting an output limit as an allowable maximum power that may be output from the power storage means based on the state of the power storage means, and permitting and prohibiting the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine based on the temperature of the power storage means Set the hysteresis when
(B) The prohibition of the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set based on one of the prohibition conditions that the set output limit is less than the first predetermined value, and the set output limit is the first predetermined value. From the above, a permission for intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set as one of the permission conditions for reaching a second predetermined value larger than the set hysteresis.
(C) When permission for intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set, the internal combustion engine is configured so that a driving force based on the set required driving force is output to the drive shaft with the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine. The motor is controlled, and when prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set, the driving force based on the set required driving force is output to the drive shaft along with the operation of the internal combustion engine. Controlling the internal combustion engine and the electric motor;
This is the gist.

  In this power output device control method of the present invention, an output limit is set as an allowable maximum power that may be output from the power storage means based on the state of the power storage means, and the internal combustion engine is intermittently operated based on the temperature of the power storage means. Is set to prohibit the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine, and the output of the power storage means is set as one of the prohibition conditions that the output limit of the power storage means is less than the first predetermined value. The permission of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set with one of the permission conditions that the limit has reached a second predetermined value or more which is larger by the hysteresis set from the first predetermined value. When the permission for intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set, the internal combustion engine and the electric motor are connected so that the drive force based on the required drive force required for the drive shaft is output to the drive shaft with the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine. When the prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set, the internal combustion engine and the electric motor are controlled so that the driving force based on the requested driving force is output to the drive shaft along with the operation of the internal combustion engine. That is, the prohibition and permission of the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine are set using hysteresis set based on the temperature of the power storage means. As a result, it is possible to prohibit and permit the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine using a more appropriate hysteresis. That is, the prohibition and permission of the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine can be performed more appropriately.

  Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described using examples.

  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of a configuration of a hybrid vehicle 20 equipped with a power output apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the hybrid vehicle 20 of the embodiment includes an engine 22, a three-shaft power distribution / integration mechanism 30 connected to a crankshaft 26 as an output shaft of the engine 22 via a damper 28, and power distribution / integration. A motor MG1 capable of generating electricity connected to the mechanism 30, a reduction gear 35 attached to a ring gear shaft 32a as a drive shaft connected to the power distribution and integration mechanism 30, a motor MG2 connected to the reduction gear 35, And a hybrid electronic control unit 70 for controlling the entire power output apparatus.

  The engine 22 is an internal combustion engine that outputs power using a hydrocarbon-based fuel such as gasoline or light oil, and an engine electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as an engine ECU) that receives signals from various sensors that detect the operating state of the engine 22. ) 24 is subjected to operation control such as fuel injection control, ignition control, intake air amount adjustment control and the like. The engine ECU 24 is in communication with the hybrid electronic control unit 70, controls the operation of the engine 22 by a control signal from the hybrid electronic control unit 70, and, if necessary, transmits data related to the operating state of the engine 22 to the hybrid electronic control. Output to unit 70. The engine ECU 24 also calculates the rotational speed of the crankshaft 26, that is, the rotational speed Ne of the engine 22 based on a signal from a crank position sensor (not shown) attached to the crankshaft 26.

  The power distribution and integration mechanism 30 includes an external gear sun gear 31, an internal gear ring gear 32 arranged concentrically with the sun gear 31, a plurality of pinion gears 33 that mesh with the sun gear 31 and mesh with the ring gear 32, A planetary gear mechanism is provided that includes a carrier 34 that holds a plurality of pinion gears 33 so as to rotate and revolve, and that performs differential action using the sun gear 31, the ring gear 32, and the carrier 34 as rotational elements. In the power distribution and integration mechanism 30, the crankshaft 26 of the engine 22 is connected to the carrier 34, the motor MG1 is connected to the sun gear 31, and the reduction gear 35 is connected to the ring gear 32 via the ring gear shaft 32a. When functioning as a generator, power from the engine 22 input from the carrier 34 is distributed according to the gear ratio between the sun gear 31 side and the ring gear 32 side, and when the motor MG1 functions as an electric motor, the engine input from the carrier 34 The power from 22 and the power from the motor MG1 input from the sun gear 31 are integrated and output to the ring gear 32 side. The power output to the ring gear 32 is finally output from the ring gear shaft 32a to the drive wheels 63a and 63b of the vehicle via the gear mechanism 60 and the differential gear 62.

  The motor MG1 and the motor MG2 are both configured as well-known synchronous generator motors that can be driven as generators and can be driven as motors, and exchange power with the battery 50 via inverters 41 and 42. The power line 54 connecting the inverters 41 and 42 and the battery 50 is configured as a positive electrode bus and a negative electrode bus shared by the inverters 41 and 42, and the electric power generated by one of the motors MG1 and MG2 It can be consumed by a motor. Therefore, battery 50 is charged / discharged by electric power generated from one of motors MG1 and MG2 or insufficient electric power. If the balance of electric power is balanced by the motors MG1 and MG2, the battery 50 is not charged / discharged. The motors MG1 and MG2 are both driven and controlled by a motor electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as a motor ECU) 40. The motor ECU 40 detects signals necessary for driving and controlling the motors MG1 and MG2, such as signals from rotational position detection sensors 43 and 44 that detect the rotational positions of the rotors of the motors MG1 and MG2, and current sensors (not shown). The phase current applied to the motors MG1 and MG2 to be applied is input, and a switching control signal to the inverters 41 and 42 is output from the motor ECU 40. The motor ECU 40 is in communication with the hybrid electronic control unit 70, controls the driving of the motors MG1 and MG2 by a control signal from the hybrid electronic control unit 70, and, if necessary, data on the operating state of the motors MG1 and MG2. Output to the hybrid electronic control unit 70. The motor ECU 40 also calculates the rotational speeds Nm1 and Nm2 of the motors MG1 and MG2 based on signals from the rotational position detection sensors 43 and 44.

  The battery 50 is managed by a battery electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as a battery ECU) 52. The battery ECU 52 receives signals necessary for managing the battery 50, for example, a voltage between terminals from a voltage sensor (not shown) installed between terminals of the battery 50, and a power line 54 connected to the output terminal of the battery 50. The charging / discharging current from the attached current sensor (not shown), the battery temperature tb from the temperature sensor 51 attached to the battery 50, and the like are input. Output to the control unit 70. Further, the battery ECU 52 calculates the remaining capacity (SOC) based on the integrated value of the charge / discharge current detected by the current sensor in order to manage the battery 50, or calculates the remaining capacity (SOC) calculated and the battery temperature tb. The input / output limits Win and Wout, which are the maximum allowable power that may charge / discharge the battery 50, are calculated based on the above. The input / output limits Win and Wout of the battery 50 are set to the basic values of the input / output limits Win and Wout based on the battery temperature tb, and the output limiting correction coefficient and the input are set based on the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery 50. It can be set by setting a correction coefficient for restriction and multiplying the basic value of the set input / output restrictions Win and Wout by the correction coefficient. FIG. 2 shows an example of the relationship between the battery temperature tb and the input / output limits Win, Wout, and FIG. 3 shows an example of the relationship between the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery 50 and the correction coefficients of the input / output limits Win, Wout.

  The hybrid electronic control unit 70 is configured as a microprocessor centered on the CPU 72, and in addition to the CPU 72, a ROM 74 for storing processing programs, a RAM 76 for temporarily storing data, an input / output port and communication not shown. And a port. The hybrid electronic control unit 70 includes an ignition signal from an ignition switch 80, a shift position SP from a shift position sensor 82 that detects the operation position of the shift lever 81, and an accelerator pedal position sensor 84 that detects the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal 83. The accelerator pedal opening Acc from the vehicle, the brake pedal position BP from the brake pedal position sensor 86 for detecting the depression amount of the brake pedal 85, the vehicle speed V from the vehicle speed sensor 88, and the like are input via the input port. As described above, the hybrid electronic control unit 70 is connected to the engine ECU 24, the motor ECU 40, and the battery ECU 52 via the communication port, and exchanges various control signals and data with the engine ECU 24, the motor ECU 40, and the battery ECU 52. ing.

  The hybrid vehicle 20 of the embodiment thus configured calculates the required torque to be output to the ring gear shaft 32a as the drive shaft based on the accelerator opening Acc and the vehicle speed V corresponding to the depression amount of the accelerator pedal 83 by the driver. Then, the operation of the engine 22, the motor MG1, and the motor MG2 is controlled so that the required power corresponding to the required torque is output to the ring gear shaft 32a. As operation control of the engine 22, the motor MG1, and the motor MG2, the operation of the engine 22 is controlled so that power corresponding to the required power is output from the engine 22, and all of the power output from the engine 22 is the power distribution and integration mechanism 30. Torque conversion operation mode for driving and controlling the motor MG1 and the motor MG2 so that the torque is converted by the motor MG1 and the motor MG2 and output to the ring gear shaft 32a, and the required power and the power required for charging and discharging the battery 50. The engine 22 is operated and controlled so that suitable power is output from the engine 22, and all or part of the power output from the engine 22 with charging / discharging of the battery 50 is the power distribution and integration mechanism 30, the motor MG1, and the motor. The required power is converted to the ring gear shaft 32 with torque conversion by MG2. Charge / discharge operation mode in which the motor MG1 and the motor MG2 are driven and controlled to be output to each other, and a motor operation mode in which the operation of the engine 22 is stopped and the power corresponding to the required power from the motor MG2 is output to the ring gear shaft 32a. and so on.

  Next, the operation of the thus configured hybrid vehicle 20 of the embodiment will be described. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a drive control routine executed by the hybrid electronic control unit 70. This routine is repeatedly executed every predetermined time (for example, every several msec).

  When the drive control routine is executed, first, the CPU 72 of the hybrid electronic control unit 70 first determines the accelerator opening Acc from the accelerator pedal position sensor 84, the vehicle speed V from the vehicle speed sensor 88, the rotational speed Nm1, of the motors MG1, MG2. A process of inputting data necessary for control, such as Nm2, the temperature of the battery 50 (battery temperature) tb, the input / output limits Win and Wout of the battery 50, is executed (step S100). Here, the rotational speeds Nm1 and Nm2 of the motors MG1 and MG2 are input from the motor ECU 40 by communication from those calculated based on the rotational positions of the rotors of the motors MG1 and MG2 detected by the rotational position detection sensors 43 and 44. To do. Further, the battery temperature tb detected by the temperature sensor 51 is inputted from the battery ECU 52 by communication from the battery ECU 52. The input / output limits Win and Wout of the battery 50 are set based on the battery temperature tb of the battery 50 and the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery 50 and are input from the battery ECU 52 by communication.

  When data is input in this way, based on the input battery temperature tb of the battery 50, a hysteresis his is set at a threshold when the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is prohibited or permitted with respect to the output limit Wout of the battery 50 ( Step S110). In the embodiment, for the hysteresis his, the relationship between the battery temperature tb and the hysteresis his is determined in advance and stored in the ROM 74 as a hysteresis setting map, and when the battery temperature tb is given, the corresponding hysteresis his is derived from the map. It was set according to. An example of the hysteresis setting map is shown in FIG. In the embodiment, as shown in the figure, the hysteresis his is set so as to decrease as the battery temperature tb increases. This is because when the battery temperature tb becomes high, the battery 50 can sufficiently exhibit performance, so that the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is quickly permitted to increase the motor travel area.

  When the hysteresis his is set, the output limit Wout of the battery 50 is classified into three regions that are distinguished by a threshold value Wref and a threshold value (Wref + his) obtained by adding the hysteresis his thereto, that is, a region that is less than the threshold value Wref and a threshold value ( It is determined whether it belongs to an area below Wref + his or an area above the threshold (Wref + his) (step S120). When the output limit Wout of the battery 50 belongs to an area below the threshold Wref, the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is prohibited. A value 1 for prohibiting intermittent operation is set in the permission prohibition flag F indicating whether or not it is permitted (step S130). When the output limit Wout of the battery 50 belongs to an area equal to or larger than the threshold (Wref + his), the permission prohibition flag F is intermittently set. Set the value 0 to allow driving (Step 140), a new set to allow prohibition flag F when the output limit Wout belongs to the region below the threshold value (Wref + his-) the threshold Wref or more batteries 50 holds the value at that time is not performed.

  Next, the required torque Tr * to be output to the ring gear shaft 32a as the drive shaft connected to the drive wheels 63a and 63b as the torque required for the vehicle based on the accelerator opening Acc and the vehicle speed V and the vehicle are required. The required power Pe * is set (step S150). In the embodiment, the required torque Tr * is determined in advance by storing the relationship between the accelerator opening Acc, the vehicle speed V, and the required torque Tr * in the ROM 74 as a required torque setting map, and the accelerator opening Acc, the vehicle speed V, , The corresponding required torque Tr * is derived and set from the stored map. FIG. 6 shows an example of the required torque setting map. The required power Pe * can be calculated as the sum of the set required torque Tr * multiplied by the rotational speed Nr of the ring gear shaft 32a and the charge / discharge required power Pb * required by the battery 50 and the loss Loss. The rotation speed Nr of the ring gear shaft 32a can be obtained by multiplying the vehicle speed V by a conversion factor, or can be obtained by dividing the rotation speed Nm2 of the motor MG2 by the gear ratio Gr of the reduction gear 35.

  Subsequently, the value of the permission prohibition flag F is checked (step S160). When the permission prohibition flag F is 0, it is determined that intermittent operation of the engine 22 is permitted, and the required power Pe * is compared with the threshold value Pref. (Step S170). Here, the threshold value Pref is determined by the characteristics of the engine 22 and the like, and is set to a lower limit value of the power at which the engine 22 can be efficiently operated. When the required power Pe * is equal to or larger than the threshold value Pref, it is determined whether or not the engine 22 is stopped (step S180). When the engine 22 is stopped, the motor 22 is motored and started (step S180). S190), the target rotational speed Ne * and the target torque Te * of the engine 22 are set based on the set required power Pe * (step S200). In this setting, the target rotational speed Ne * and the target torque Te * are set based on the operation line for efficiently operating the engine 22 and the required power Pe *. FIG. 7 shows an example of the operation line of the engine 22 and how the target rotational speed Ne * and the target torque Te * are set. As shown in the figure, the target rotational speed Ne * and the target torque Te * can be obtained from the intersection of the operation line and a curve with a constant required power Pe * (Ne * × Te *).

  When the target rotational speed Ne * and the target torque Te * of the engine 22 are set, the set target rotational speed Ne *, the rotational speed Nr (= Nm2 / Gr) of the ring gear shaft 32a, the gear ratio ρ of the power distribution and integration mechanism 30, and Is used to calculate the target rotational speed Nm1 * of the motor MG1 by the following formula (1), and based on the calculated target rotational speed Nm1 * and the current rotational speed Nm1, the torque command Tm1 * of the motor MG1 is calculated by the formula (2). Is calculated (step S210). Here, Expression (1) is a dynamic relational expression for the rotating element of the power distribution and integration mechanism 30. FIG. 8 is a collinear diagram showing the dynamic relationship between the rotational speed and torque in the rotating elements of the power distribution and integration mechanism 30. In the figure, the left S-axis indicates the rotation speed of the sun gear 31 that is the rotation speed Nm1 of the motor MG1, the C-axis indicates the rotation speed of the carrier 34 that is the rotation speed Ne of the engine 22, and the R-axis indicates the rotation speed of the motor MG2. The rotational speed Nr of the ring gear 32 obtained by dividing the number Nm2 by the gear ratio Gr of the reduction gear 35 is shown. Expression (1) can be easily derived by using this alignment chart. The two thick arrows on the R axis indicate that torque Te * output from the engine 22 when the engine 22 is normally operated at the operation point of the target rotational speed Ne * and the target torque Te * is transmitted to the ring gear shaft 32a. Torque and torque that the torque Tm2 * output from the motor MG2 acts on the ring gear shaft 32a via the reduction gear 35. Expression (2) is a relational expression in feedback control for rotating the motor MG1 at the target rotational speed Nm1 *. In Expression (2), “k1” in the second term on the right side is a gain of a proportional term. “K2” in the third term on the right side is the gain of the integral term.

Nm1 * = Ne * ・ (1 + ρ) / ρ-Nm2 / (Gr ・ ρ) (1)
Tm1 * = ρ ・ Te * / (1 + ρ) + k1 (Nm1 * -Nm1) + k2∫ (Nm1 * -Nm1) dt (2)

  When the target rotational speed Nm1 * and the torque command Tm1 * of the motor MG1 are thus calculated, the input / output limits Win and Wout of the battery 50 and the calculated torque command Tm1 * of the motor MG1 are multiplied by the current rotational speed Nm1 of the motor MG1. Torque limits Tmin and Tmax as upper and lower limits of the torque that may be output from the motor MG2 by dividing the deviation from the obtained power consumption (generated power) of the motor MG1 by the rotational speed Nm2 of the motor MG2 is expressed by the following equation (3). In addition, the temporary motor torque Tm2tmp as a torque to be output from the motor MG2 is calculated using the required torque Tr *, the torque command Tm1 *, and the gear ratio ρ of the power distribution and integration mechanism 30 (step S240). Calculated by equation (5) (step S250), and with the calculated torque limits Tmin and Tmax Setting the torque command Tm2 * of the motor MG2 as a value obtained by limiting the motor torque Tm2tmp (step S260). By setting the torque command Tm2 * of the motor MG2 in this way, the required torque Tr * output to the ring gear shaft 32a as the drive shaft is set as a torque limited within the range of the input / output limits Win and Wout of the battery 50. can do. Equation (5) can be easily derived from the collinear diagram of FIG. 8 described above.

Tmin = (Win-Tm1 * ・ Nm1) / Nm2 (3)
Tmax = (Wout-Tm1 * ・ Nm1) / Nm2 (4)
Tm2tmp = (Tr * + Tm1 * / ρ) / Gr (5)

  Thus, when the target engine speed Ne *, the target torque Te *, and the torque commands Tm1 *, Tm2 * of the motors MG1, MG2 are set, the target engine speed Ne * and the target torque Te * of the engine 22 are set in the engine ECU 24. Torque commands Tm1 * and Tm2 * for motors MG1 and MG2 are transmitted to motor ECU 40 (step S270), and the drive control routine is terminated. The engine ECU 24 that has received the target rotational speed Ne * and the target torque Te * performs fuel injection control in the engine 22 such that the engine 22 is operated at an operating point indicated by the target rotational speed Ne * and the target torque Te *. Controls such as ignition control. The motor ECU 40 that has received the torque commands Tm1 * and Tm2 * controls the switching elements of the inverters 41 and 42 so that the motor MG1 is driven by the torque command Tm1 * and the motor MG2 is driven by the torque command Tm2 *. To do.

  When it is determined in step S170 that the required power Pe * is less than the threshold value Pref, the target engine speed Ne * and the target torque Te * of the engine 22 are set to 0 so that the operation of the engine 22 is stopped (step S170). S220), a value 0 is set in the torque command Tm1 * of the motor MG1 (step S230), the processing of steps S240 to S270 described above is executed, and the drive control routine is terminated. The engine ECU 24 that has received the target rotational speed Ne * and the target torque Te * having a value of 0 stops the operation of the engine 22 when the engine 22 is operating, and indicates the state (operation) when the operation of the engine 22 is stopped. Hold down). Thus, when the permission prohibition flag F is determined to be 0 in step S160, it is determined that the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is permitted, and the engine 22 is intermittently operated according to the required power Pe *. As a result, the energy efficiency of the entire vehicle can be improved.

  On the other hand, when it is determined in step S160 that the permission prohibition flag F is a value 1, it is determined that the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is prohibited, and the processes of steps S200, S210, S240 to S270 are executed to perform drive control. End the routine. In this case, the operation of the engine 22 is continued.

  According to the hybrid vehicle 20 of the embodiment described above, the hysteresis his at the threshold when the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is prohibited or permitted based on the battery temperature tb of the battery 50 is set, and the output limit of the battery 50 is limited. When Wout belongs to a region less than the threshold value Wref among the three regions using the hysteresis his, the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is prohibited, and when the output limit Wout of the battery 50 belongs to a region equal to or greater than the threshold value (Wref + his) By permitting intermittent operation, it is possible to prohibit and permit intermittent operation of the engine 22 using a more appropriate hysteresis. Moreover, since the hysteresis his that tends to decrease as the temperature tb of the battery 50 becomes higher is set and used, when the battery temperature tb increases, the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is quickly permitted to increase the motor travel area. can do. Accordingly, the intermittent operation of the engine 22 can be prohibited and permitted more appropriately.

  In the hybrid vehicle 20 of the embodiment, prohibition or permission of intermittent operation of the engine 22 belongs to any of the three regions using the hysteresis his where the output limit Wout of the battery 50 is set based on the temperature tb of the battery 50. However, not only the conditions for the output limit Wout of the battery 50 but also the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is prohibited by a heating request, or the catalyst warm-up of the exhaust purification device attached to the exhaust system of the engine 22 is set. The engine 22 is prohibited from intermittent operation when one of the conditions for prohibiting a plurality of intermittent operations, such as prohibiting the intermittent operation of the engine 22 for the machine, is permitted, and the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is permitted by releasing the heating request. Or intermittent operation of the engine 22 is permitted when the catalyst warm-up is completed. Or as to allow intermittent operation of the engine 22 when all of the conditions for permitting is satisfied.

  In the hybrid vehicle 20 of the embodiment, a value that tends to decrease as the temperature tb of the battery 50 increases is set as the hysteresis his. However, the hysteresis his is assumed to change continuously with respect to the temperature tb of the battery 50. Or may change intermittently according to a threshold value.

  In the hybrid vehicle 20 of the embodiment, the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is prohibited when the output limit Wout of the battery 50 is less than the threshold value Wref regardless of the temperature tb of the battery 50. The intermittent operation of the engine 22 may be prohibited using a value that changes based on the threshold value Wref. In this case, a value that tends to decrease as the battery temperature tb decreases may be used as the threshold value Wref.

  In the hybrid vehicle 20 of the embodiment, the power of the motor MG2 is shifted by the reduction gear 35 and output to the ring gear shaft 32a. However, as illustrated in the hybrid vehicle 120 of the modified example of FIG. May be connected to an axle (an axle connected to the wheels 64a and 64b in FIG. 9) different from an axle to which the ring gear shaft 32a is connected (an axle to which the drive wheels 63a and 63b are connected).

  In the hybrid vehicle 20 of the embodiment, the power of the engine 22 is output to the ring gear shaft 32a as the drive shaft connected to the drive wheels 63a and 63b via the power distribution and integration mechanism 30, but the modified example of FIG. The hybrid vehicle 220 includes an inner rotor 232 connected to the crankshaft 26 of the engine 22 and an outer rotor 234 connected to a drive shaft that outputs power to the drive wheels 63a and 63b. A counter-rotor motor 230 that transmits a part of the power to the drive shaft and converts the remaining power into electric power may be provided.

  In addition, it is not limited to those applied to such hybrid vehicles, but is incorporated into non-moving equipment such as forms of power output devices mounted on moving bodies such as vehicles other than automobiles, ships, and aircraft, and construction equipment. A power output device may be used. Furthermore, it is good also as a form of the control method of such a power output device.

  Here, the correspondence between the main elements of the embodiment and the main elements of the invention described in the column of means for solving the problems will be described. In the embodiment, the engine 22 corresponds to the “internal combustion engine”, the motor MG2 corresponds to the “electric motor”, the battery 50 corresponds to the “power storage means”, the temperature sensor 51 corresponds to the “temperature detection means”, and the battery The battery ECU 52 that calculates the input / output limits Win and Wout based on the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery 50 and the battery temperature tb of the battery 50 corresponds to “output limit setting means”, and decreases as the battery temperature tb of the battery 50 increases. The hybrid electronic control unit 70 that executes step S110 of the drive control routine of FIG. 4 for setting the hysteresis his at the threshold value when the intermittent operation of the engine 22 is prohibited or permitted is set to “hysteresis setting means”. Correspondingly, the output limit Wout of the battery 50 is the threshold value W of the three regions using the hysteresis his. When it belongs to a region less than ef, a value 1 is set in the permission prohibition flag F in order to prohibit intermittent operation of the engine 22, and when the output limit Wout of the battery 50 belongs to a region equal to or greater than a threshold value (Wref + his), the engine 22 is intermittently operated. The hybrid electronic control unit 70 that executes steps S120 to S140 of the drive control routine of FIG. 4 for setting the value 0 to the permission prohibition flag F in order to permit the operation corresponds to the “intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means”, and the accelerator is opened. The hybrid electronic control unit 70 that executes step S150 of the drive control routine of FIG. 4 for setting the required torque Tr * based on the degree Acc and the vehicle speed V corresponds to the “required drive force setting means”, and the permission prohibition flag F When the value 0 is set to 0, the engine 22 is intermittently operated based on the required power Pe *. Thus, the target rotational speed Ne *, the target torque Te *, and the torques of the motors MG1 and MG2 are output so that the required torque Tr * is output to the ring gear shaft 32a as the drive shaft within the range of the input / output limits Win and Wout of the battery 50 The commands Tm1 * and Tm2 * are set and transmitted to the engine ECU 24 and the motor ECU 40. When the value 1 is set in the permission prohibition flag F, the input / output limits Win and Wout of the battery 50 are accompanied by continuing the operation of the engine 22. The target rotational speed Ne *, target torque Te *, and torque commands Tm1 * and Tm2 * of the motors MG1 and MG2 are set so that the required torque Tr * is output to the ring gear shaft 32a as the drive shaft within the range of Steps S160 to S2 of the drive control routine of FIG. 4 transmitted to the engine ECU 24 and the motor ECU 40 70, the engine ECU 24 that controls the engine 22 based on the received target rotational speed Ne * and the target torque Te *, and the motors MG1 and MG2 based on the received torque commands Tm1 * and Tm2 *. The motor ECU 40 that controls the operation corresponds to “control means”. Further, the power distribution integration mechanism 30 and the motor MG1 correspond to “electric power input / output means”, the motor MG1 corresponds to “generator”, and the power distribution integration mechanism 30 corresponds to “triaxial power input / output means”. Equivalent to.

  Here, the “internal combustion engine” is not limited to an internal combustion engine that outputs power using a hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline or light oil, and may be any type of internal combustion engine such as a hydrogen engine. The “motor” is not limited to the motor MG2 configured as a synchronous generator motor, and may be any type of motor as long as it can input and output power to the drive shaft, such as an induction motor. . The “power storage means” is not limited to the battery 50 as a secondary battery, and may be anything as long as it can exchange electric power with a generator, such as a capacitor. The “temperature detection means” is not limited to the temperature sensor 51, and any means can be used as long as it detects the temperature of the power storage means. The “output limit setting means” is not limited to the one that calculates the input / output limits Win and Wout based on the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery 50 and the battery temperature tb of the battery 50, but the remaining capacity (SOC ) And battery temperature tb, for example, based on the internal resistance of the battery 50, etc., and setting the output limit as the allowable maximum power that may be output from the power storage means based on the state of the power storage means. It does not matter as long as there is any. The “hysteresis setting means” is not limited to the one that sets the hysteresis his so as to decrease as the battery temperature tb of the battery 50 increases, and permits intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine based on the temperature of the power storage means. Any method may be used as long as it sets a hysteresis at the time of prohibition. The “intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means” includes a permission prohibition flag for prohibiting intermittent operation of the engine 22 when the output limit Wout of the battery 50 belongs to an area less than the threshold value Wref among the three areas using the hysteresis his. When F is set to a value of 1 and the output limit Wout of the battery 50 belongs to an area that is equal to or greater than the threshold (Wref + his), the value is limited to that in which a value of 0 is set in the permission prohibition flag F to permit intermittent operation of the engine 22. Instead, the prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set as one of the prohibition conditions that the output limit of the power storage means has reached less than the first predetermined value, and the output limit of the power storage means is set from the first predetermined value. Any permitting operation of the internal combustion engine can be set with one of the permitting conditions being equal to or greater than the second predetermined value which is greater by the hysteresis. It may be used as the. The “required driving force setting means” is not limited to the one that sets the required torque Tr * based on the accelerator opening Acc and the vehicle speed V, but sets the required torque based only on the accelerator opening Acc. As long as the required driving force required for the drive shaft is set, such as those for which the required torque is set based on the travel position on the travel route, such as those for which the travel route is set in advance It doesn't matter. The “control means” is not limited to the combination of the hybrid electronic control unit 70, the engine ECU 24, and the motor ECU 40, and may be configured by a single electronic control unit. As the “control means”, when the permission prohibition flag F is set to 0, it is requested within the range of the input / output limits Win and Wout of the battery 50 with intermittent operation of the engine 22 based on the required power Pe *. The engine 22 and the motors MG1 and MG2 are controlled so as to output the torque Tr * to the ring gear shaft 32a as a drive shaft. When the value 1 is set in the permission prohibition flag F, the battery is accompanied by the continuation of the operation of the engine 22. It is not limited to controlling the engine 22 and the motors MG1, MG2 so as to output the required torque Tr * to the ring gear shaft 32a as the drive shaft within the range of 50 input / output limits Win, Wout, but intermittent operation When permission of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set by the prohibition permission setting means, the request drive is accompanied by intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine and the electric motor are controlled so that the driving force based on the force is output to the drive shaft, and when the prohibition of the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set by the intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means, the request is accompanied by the operation of the internal combustion engine. Any device may be used as long as it controls the internal combustion engine and the electric motor so that a driving force based on the driving force is output to the drive shaft. The “power / power input / output means” is not limited to a combination of the power distribution and integration mechanism 30 and the motor MG1 or to the rotor motor 230, but is connected to the drive shaft and independent of the drive shaft. As long as it is connected to the output shaft of the internal combustion engine in a rotatable manner and inputs / outputs electric power and power, the power is input / output to / from the drive shaft and the output shaft. The “generator” is not limited to the motor MG1 configured as a synchronous generator motor, and may be any type of generator such as an induction motor that can input and output power. The “three-axis power input / output means” is not limited to the power distribution / integration mechanism 30 described above, but includes four or more shafts using a double pinion type planetary gear mechanism or a combination of a plurality of planetary gear mechanisms. Connected to the three shafts such as the one connected to the shaft or the differential gear, or the like having a different operation from the planetary gear, such as the drive shaft, the output shaft, and the rotating shaft of the generator. As long as the power is input / output to / from the remaining shafts based on the power input / output to / from the power source, any method may be used.

  The correspondence between the main elements of the embodiment and the main elements of the invention described in the column of means for solving the problem is the same as that of the embodiment described in the column of means for solving the problem. It is an example for specifically explaining the best mode for doing so, and does not limit the elements of the invention described in the column of means for solving the problem. That is, the interpretation of the invention described in the column of means for solving the problems should be made based on the description of the column, and the examples are those of the invention described in the column of means for solving the problems. It is only a specific example.

  The embodiments of the present invention have been described using the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and can be implemented in various forms without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course you get.

  The present invention can be used in the power output apparatus and the vehicle manufacturing industry.

1 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of a configuration of a hybrid vehicle 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the relationship between the battery temperature tb in the battery 50, and the input / output restrictions Win and Wout. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the relationship between the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery 50, and the correction coefficient of input / output restrictions Win and Wout. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the drive control routine performed by the electronic control unit for hybrids 70 of an Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the map for a hysteresis setting. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the map for request | requirement torque setting. It is explanatory drawing which shows a mode that an example of the operating line of the engine 22, and target rotational speed Ne * and target torque Te * are set. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a collinear diagram for dynamically explaining rotational elements of a power distribution and integration mechanism 30; FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of a configuration of a hybrid vehicle 120 according to a modification. FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of a configuration of a hybrid vehicle 220 of a modified example.

Explanation of symbols

  20, 120, 220 Hybrid vehicle, 22 engine, 24 engine electronic control unit (engine ECU), 26 crankshaft, 28 damper, 30 power distribution integration mechanism, 31 sun gear, 32 ring gear, 32a ring gear shaft, 33 pinion gear, 34 carrier 35, reduction gear, 40 motor electronic control unit (motor ECU), 41, 42 inverter, 43, 44 rotational position detection sensor, 50 battery, 51 temperature sensor, 52 battery electronic control unit (battery ECU), 54 power line , 60 gear mechanism, 62 differential gear, 63a, 63b drive wheel, 64a, 64b wheel, 70 electronic control unit for hybrid, 72 CPU, 74 ROM, 76 RAM, 80 ignition switch , 81 shift lever, 82 shift position sensor, 83 accelerator pedal, 84 accelerator pedal position sensor, 85 brake pedal, 86 brake pedal position sensor, 88 vehicle speed sensor, 230 rotor motor, 232 inner rotor, 234 outer rotor, MG1, MG2 motor.

Claims (6)

A power output device that outputs power to a drive shaft,
An internal combustion engine capable of outputting power to the drive shaft;
An electric motor capable of outputting power to the drive shaft;
Power storage means capable of exchanging electric power with the electric motor;
Temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the power storage means;
An output limit setting means for setting an output limit as an allowable maximum power that may be output from the power storage means based on the state of the power storage means;
Hysteresis setting means for setting hysteresis when permitting and prohibiting intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine based on the detected temperature of the power storage means;
The prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set as one of the prohibition conditions that the output limit of the set power storage means has reached less than a first predetermined value, and the output limit of the set power storage means is the An intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means for setting permission of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine by setting one of the permission conditions to be equal to or greater than a second predetermined value that is larger by the set hysteresis than the first predetermined value;
Required driving force setting means for setting required driving force required for the drive shaft;
When permission for intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set by the intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means, a driving force based on the set required driving force is output to the drive shaft along with the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine and the electric motor are controlled, and when the prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set by the intermittent operation prohibition permission setting means, the set required driving force is set with the operation of the internal combustion engine. Control means for controlling the internal combustion engine and the electric motor such that a driving force based on the output is output to the drive shaft;
A power output device comprising:   The power output apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hysteresis setting means is means for setting the hysteresis so that the hysteresis tends to decrease as the detected temperature of the power storage means increases.   Power can be exchanged with the power storage means, connected to the drive shaft and connected to the output shaft of the internal combustion engine so as to be rotatable independently of the drive shaft, and the drive with input and output of power and power The power output apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising electric power input / output means for inputting / outputting power to and from the shaft and the output shaft.   The power power input / output means is connected to three axes of a generator capable of inputting / outputting power, the drive shaft, the output shaft, and a rotating shaft of the generator, and any two of the three shafts 4. A power output apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the power output apparatus comprises: a three-axis power input / output means for inputting / outputting power to / from the remaining shaft based on the input / output power.   A vehicle on which the power output device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is mounted and an axle is connected to the drive shaft. A control method of a power output device comprising: an internal combustion engine capable of outputting power to a drive shaft; an electric motor capable of outputting power to the drive shaft; and an electric storage means capable of exchanging electric power with the motor;
(A) Setting an output limit as an allowable maximum power that may be output from the power storage means based on the state of the power storage means, and permitting and prohibiting the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine based on the temperature of the power storage means Set the hysteresis when
(B) The prohibition of the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set based on one of the prohibition conditions that the set output limit is less than the first predetermined value, and the set output limit is the first predetermined value. From the above, a permission for intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set as one of the permission conditions for reaching a second predetermined value larger than the set hysteresis.
(C) When permission for intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set, the internal combustion engine is configured so that a driving force based on the set required driving force is output to the drive shaft with the intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine. The motor is controlled, and when prohibition of intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine is set, the driving force based on the set required driving force is output to the drive shaft along with the operation of the internal combustion engine. Controlling the internal combustion engine and the electric motor;
Control method of power output device.

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