JP4967753B2 - DC motor commutator diagnostic device and commutator diagnostic method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a commutator diagnostic apparatus and a commutator diagnostic method for diagnosing the surface shape of a commutator included in a DC motor.

Conventionally, a DC motor is often used as a driving power source for various production facilities such as a steel production line.
Such a DC motor is configured to include, for example, a field means, an armature, a brush, a commutator, and the like.
The field means is made of an electromagnet or a permanent magnet and has a function of forming a magnetic field. The armature includes a wound coil, and performs a rotational motion by the action of a magnetic field formed by field means. The brush is energized with respect to the commutator, and is in sliding contact with the commutator in the radial direction of the commutator to supply current to the commutator.

The commutator rotates in the circumferential direction together with the armature, and supplies the current supplied from the brush to the coil of the armature in a certain direction. Further, the commutator is configured by arranging a plurality of commutator pieces in an annular shape, and the shape and arrangement of each commutator piece are designed so that the outer shape of the surface of the commutator is along a perfect circle. .
In such a DC motor, if the commutator surface shape is abnormal due to wear or chipping generated in each commutator piece and the commutator surface is out of a perfect circle, the commutator surface is damaged. May occur and the life of the brush may be shortened. In addition, if the commutator surface shape is abnormal and the commutator surface is out of a perfect circle, or striations or step wear occurs, the contact state between the brush and the commutator deteriorates, causing commutation. There is a risk that deterioration of the state, generation of sparks, and flashover may occur. For this reason, in the maintenance work of the DC motor, diagnosing the surface shape of the commutator occupies an important weight.

  However, since the diagnosis of the surface shape of the commutator is mainly performed by visual inspection or manual palpation by the maintenance worker, there are many parts depending on the experience of the maintenance worker, and it is difficult to make a quantitative diagnosis. The number of experienced maintenance workers is expected to decrease as the population ages. On the other hand, it is predicted that many DC motors will continue to operate at steelworks equipped with steel production lines.

Therefore, even a maintenance worker with little experience can determine an abnormality with a small human error, and a commutator as an apparatus and method capable of managing the tendency of abnormal progression There is a need for an apparatus and method that can quantitatively measure the surface shape and the amount of surface wear.
In response to such a demand, conventionally, the contact type dial distance meter is moved in the circumferential direction of the commutator to measure the eccentricity of the commutator, the hover and the rover, and the surface shape of the commutator and the surface of the commutator. A DC motor commutator diagnostic method for quantitatively measuring the amount of wear is used.

In addition to the method using a contact-type dial distance meter, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, a laser displacement meter is used, and when the commutator is rotating, sliding with the commutator of the brush is performed. There is a DC motor commutator diagnostic method in which the amount of displacement in a direction substantially perpendicular to the contact surface is measured in a non-contact manner and the roundness of the commutator is measured.
In this method, in order to measure the roundness of the commutator while the commutator is rotating, the laser displacement meter is substantially disposed on the sliding contact surface of the brush with the commutator along the circumferential direction of the commutator. The amount of displacement in the orthogonal direction will be measured.
JP 2006-71533 A

However, in the diagnostic method using the contact-type dial distance meter, the commutator surface shape such as commutator eccentricity, high bar, and rover measurement is diagnosed along the circumferential direction of the commutator.
For this reason, for example, in order to diagnose abnormalities in the axial direction of the commutator, such as streak and step wear, maintenance workers must be visually and manually palpated, and experienced maintenance workers are required. In addition, there are many parts that depend on the experience of maintenance workers, and it is difficult to make a quantitative diagnosis.

Further, in the DC motor commutator diagnostic method described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to measure the roundness of the commutator during operation of the DC motor, but the diagnostic method using a contact-type dial distance meter Similarly, the surface shape of the commutator is diagnosed along the circumferential direction of the commutator.
For this reason, as with the diagnostic method using a contact-type dial rangefinder, in order to diagnose abnormalities in the axial direction of the commutator, an experienced maintenance worker is required and quantitative diagnosis can be performed. Have difficulty.
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described problems, and a commutator diagnostic apparatus and a commutator for a DC motor capable of diagnosing the surface shape of the commutator along the axial direction of the commutator. It is an object to provide a child diagnosis method.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the present invention, the invention described in claim 1 is a DC motor including a commutator and a brush that is in sliding contact with the commutator in the radial direction of the commutator.
A commutator diagnostic apparatus for a DC motor comprising displacement amount measuring means for measuring a displacement amount of a sliding contact surface with the brush in the commutator,
Guiding means extending along the axial direction of the commutator and attached to the displacement measuring means so as to be movable in the axial direction of the commutator;
Removable means for detachably attaching the guide means to the DC motor;
Position detecting means for detecting the position of the displacement measuring means along the axial direction of the commutator;
Surface shape diagnosis means for diagnosing the surface shape of the commutator based on the displacement amount measured by the displacement amount measurement means and the position detected by the position detection means.

According to the present invention, since the displacement measuring means is attached so as to be movable in the axial direction of the commutator, the displacement of the sliding contact surface with the brush in the commutator along the axial direction of the commutator with respect to the brush Can be measured.
For this reason, the surface shape of the commutator is diagnosed along the axial direction of the commutator for each part along the axial direction of the commutator based on the measured displacement amount and the position of the displacement measuring means. Is possible.

Next, the invention described in claim 2 is the invention described in claim 1, wherein the guide means includes an actuator that moves the displacement amount measuring means in the axial direction of the commutator. To do.
According to the present invention, since the guide means includes an actuator that moves the displacement measuring means in the axial direction of the commutator, the labor of the operator is reduced compared to the case where the displacement measuring means is moved manually. It becomes possible to make it.

Next, the invention described in claim 3 is the invention described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the attaching / detaching means includes both ends of the guide means on both sides in the axial direction of the commutator. And detachably attached to the DC motor.
According to the present invention, since the attaching / detaching means detachably attaches the both ends of the guide means to the DC motor in a state of being supported on both sides in the axial direction of the commutator, the position of the displacement measuring means with respect to the commutator is stabilized. It becomes possible to make it.

Next, the invention described in claim 4 is the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the attaching / detaching means attaches the guide means to the DC motor detachably by magnetic force. It is a magnetic force attaching / detaching means.
According to the present invention, since the attaching / detaching means is a magnetic attaching / detaching means for detachably attaching the guiding means to the DC motor by magnetic force, it is easy to attach / detach the guiding means to / from the DC motor, and easy to attach / detach the commutator diagnostic device to / from the DC motor. It becomes.

Next, the invention described in claim 5 is the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the guide means moves in the axial direction of the commutator and the displacement measuring means. An angle adjusting means capable of adjusting an angle formed with the direction is provided.
According to the present invention, the guide means includes the angle adjusting means capable of adjusting the angle formed between the axial direction of the commutator and the moving direction of the displacement measuring means, so that the moving direction of the displacement measuring means is determined by the commutator. It becomes easy to make it match | combine with the axial direction of this, and it becomes possible to diagnose the surface shape of a commutator accurately.

Next, the invention described in claim 6 is directed to a DC motor having a commutator and a brush that is in sliding contact with the commutator in the radial direction of the commutator, and the sliding of the brush on the commutator. A method for diagnosing a commutator of a DC motor that measures a displacement amount of a contact surface,
While moving one displacement amount measuring means for measuring the displacement amount along the axial direction of the commutator, the displacement amount was measured for each portion of the commutator along the axial direction of the commutator, and this measurement was performed. The surface shape of the commutator is diagnosed based on the displacement amount for each part.

According to the present invention, the amount of displacement of the commutator relative to the brush on the slidable contact surface is measured for each portion of the commutator along the axial direction of the commutator, and based on the measured amount of displacement, Diagnosing the surface shape.
For this reason, it becomes possible to diagnose the surface shape of the commutator along the axial direction of the commutator for each part along the axial direction of the commutator based on the measured displacement amount.

  According to the present invention, it becomes possible to diagnose the surface shape of the commutator along the axial direction of the commutator, and for each part along the axial direction of the commutator, so It becomes possible to diagnose abnormalities in the axial direction of the child.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, the configuration of a DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “commutator diagnostic apparatus”) according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a specific configuration of the commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a part of the commutator diagnostic apparatus 1.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of this embodiment is attached to a DC motor M, and includes a displacement measuring means 2, a guide means 4, an attaching / detaching means 6, and a position detecting means. 8 and surface shape diagnostic means 10. This commutator diagnostic device 1 is configured so that the commutator 12 of the DC motor M has a surface shape of the commutator 12 for each part along the axial direction of the commutator 12 along the axial direction of the commutator 12. It is used when making a diagnosis.

The DC motor M includes a commutator 12 and a brush 14 and is used, for example, in various production facilities of a steel production line. In the present embodiment, a case where the DC motor M is installed so that the axial direction of the commutator 12 is horizontal or substantially horizontal will be described.
The commutator 12 has a rotor shaft 16 fixed coaxially. The commutator 12 rotates in the circumferential direction together with the rotor shaft 16 and the armature 18, and the current supplied from the brush 14 is supplied to the armature 18. A coil (not shown) is supplied in a certain direction. In addition, the commutator 12 is configured by arranging a plurality of commutator pieces 20 in an annular shape, and the shape and arrangement of each commutator piece 20 is such that the outer shape of the surface of the commutator 12 follows a perfect circle. Is set.

The brush 14 is supported above the commutator 12 by a brush holder arm 22 disposed above the commutator 12, and is in sliding contact with the commutator 12 in a state of facing the commutator 12 in the radial direction. Thus, a current is supplied to the armature 18 through the commutator 12.
Further, the brush 14 is fitted in an opening (not shown) provided in the brush holder arm 22 so as to be movable up and down while being biased downward by an elastic member (not shown) such as a spring. According to the surface shape of the commutator 12, it swings with respect to the brush holder arm 22 (in this embodiment, it moves up and down in FIG. 1).

The displacement measuring means 2 is formed by a non-contact type distance meter such as a laser distance meter, for example, and is attached to the commutator 12 so as to be movable in the axial direction by the guide means 4. Has been placed. In the present embodiment, the case where the displacement measuring means 2 is a laser distance meter will be described as an example.
Further, the displacement measuring means 2 irradiates the Y-axis laser light L1 substantially vertically downward toward the surface of the commutator 12, and detects the reflected light, thereby detecting the distance from the laser emission surface to the laser irradiation surface. That is, it has a function of measuring the distance from the displacement measuring means 2 to the surface of the commutator 12.

The displacement amount measuring means 2 has a function of outputting an information signal including a measurement result of the distance from the displacement amount measuring means 2 to the surface of the commutator 12 to the surface shape diagnosis means 10 as a displacement amount measurement signal S1. is doing. In this embodiment, a case where a laser distance meter having a measurement resolution of 1 μm (measurement range 100 mm) is used as the displacement amount measuring means 2 will be described as an example.
The guide means 4 includes a guide portion 24 and two angle adjusting means 26a and 26b, and the displacement measuring means 2 is attached to be movable in the axial direction of the commutator 12 via an actuator (not shown). It has been.

  The guide portion 24 is formed of a member whose shape extends in the axial direction of the commutator 12, such as a guide rail provided in the linear guide device, and the displacement measuring means 2 is an actuator. Is attached so as to be movable in the axial direction of the commutator 12. In the present embodiment, as an example, a case where the guide unit 24 is a guide rail included in the linear guide device will be described.

Further, the guide portion 24 has two projecting portions 28 a and 28 b that project outward from the commutator 12 in the axial direction of the commutator 12 when viewed from the radial direction of the commutator 12.
Shaft bars 30a and 30b arranged with their axes directed in the vertical direction are fixed to the protrusions 28a and 28b, respectively, and the shaft bars 30a and 30b are respectively connected via angle adjusting means 26a and 26b. The attachment / detachment means 6a and 6b are attached.

  Each angle adjusting means 26a, 26b is formed by a member that can be switched between a fixed state and a released state by a simple operation, such as a one-touch lever, and the angle direction of the commutator 12 and the moving direction of the displacement measuring means 2 are The angle formed can be adjusted to a desired state. Specifically, the angle adjusting means 26a can change the angle of the shaft 30a relative to the axial direction of the commutator 12 with respect to the attaching / detaching means 6a and the distance between the attaching / detaching means 6a and the protruding portion 28a in the released state. It has become. Then, by adjusting to a desired angle and distance, a fixed state is established, thereby fixing the angle of the shaft 30a relative to the axial direction of the commutator 12 with respect to the attaching / detaching means 6a and the distance between the attaching / detaching means 6a and the protruding portion 28a. It is possible to do. Similarly to the angle adjusting means 26a, the angle adjusting means 26b also sets the angle of the shaft 30b relative to the axial direction of the commutator 12 with respect to the attaching / detaching means 6b, and the distance between the attaching / detaching means 6b and the protrusion 28b to a desired angle or distance. It is possible to fix with.

  Each attachment / detachment means 6a, 6b has an electromagnet (not shown) capable of adjusting the magnetic force, and magnetic force adjusting levers 32a, 32b for adjusting the magnetic force of the electromagnet are provided. When the magnetic force adjusting levers 32a and 32b are operated to increase the magnetic force of the electromagnet, the attaching / detaching means 6a and 6b can be attached to the DC motor M, and when the magnetic force of the electromagnet is decreased, the attaching / detaching means 6a and 6b. Can be removed from the DC motor M. Note that each of the attaching / detaching means 6a and 6b may be configured to have a magnet having a constant magnetic force, not an electromagnet capable of adjusting the magnetic force. That is, in this embodiment, the attaching / detaching means 6 is constituted by magnetic attaching / detaching means that is detachably attached to the DC motor M by magnetic force.

  When the attaching / detaching means 6a, 6b are attached to the DC motor M, the projecting portions 28a, 28b are respectively connected to the both sides in the axial direction of the commutator 12 via the shaft rods 30a, 30b and the angle adjusting means 26a, 26b. It is attached to the DC motor M in a doubly supported state. In FIG. 1, the attachment / detachment means 6 a is attached to the rocker ring 33, and the attachment / detachment means 6 b is attached to the outer surface of the armature 18.

  The actuator is formed by a rotational power source such as a motor provided in a linear guide device such as a linear guide device. In the present embodiment, as an example, a case will be described in which the actuator is a motor for moving a slider attached to the guide rail so as to be relatively movable. Therefore, the actuator of this embodiment has a function of moving the displacement measuring means 2 in the axial direction of the commutator 12 by attaching the displacement measuring means 2 to the slider and rotating a rotational power source such as a motor. ing. Here, when a rotational power source such as a motor is rotated, an information signal including the rotational angle of the rotational power source may be output to the surface shape diagnosis unit 10 as a rotational angle signal.

The position detection means 8 is formed by a laser distance meter in the same manner as the displacement measurement means 2, and the laser beam is emitted toward the displacement measurement means 2, and the irradiation direction of the laser light is determined by the displacement measurement. The moving direction of the means 2 is the same.
Further, the position detection means 8 irradiates the X-axis laser light L2 toward the displacement measuring means 2 in the horizontal direction and detects the reflected light, thereby detecting the distance from the laser emission surface to the laser irradiation surface, that is, The displacement measuring means 2 has a function of detecting the amount of movement of the commutator 12 in the axial direction.

  Further, the position detection means 8 has a function of outputting an information signal including a detection result of the movement amount of the commutator 12 in the axial direction of the displacement amount measurement means 2 to the surface shape diagnosis means 10 as a movement amount detection signal S2. Have. In the present embodiment, a case where a laser distance meter having a measurement resolution of 1 μm (measurement range 100 mm) is used as the position detection unit 8 as in the displacement amount measurement unit 2 will be described as an example.

The surface shape diagnosis means 10 is composed of, for example, a general-purpose personal computer, and includes input / output interfaces of the displacement measurement means 2 and the position detection means 8, and displays the diagnosis result of the surface shape of the commutator 12 such as a display. A diagnostic result output means (not shown) for output is connected.
Further, the surface shape diagnosis unit 10 includes the displacement amount measurement signal S1 output from the displacement amount measurement unit 2 and the movement amount detection signal S2 output from the position detection unit 8 in the axial direction of the commutator 12. Along with this, a program for diagnosing the surface shape of the commutator 12 is installed.

Hereinafter, the process in the surface shape diagnostic means 10 is demonstrated.
When the displacement amount measurement signal S1 and the movement amount detection signal S2 are input to the surface shape diagnosis unit 10, first, based on a program installed in the surface shape diagnosis unit 10, the displacement amount included in the movement amount detection signal S2 is measured. The position of the displacement measuring means 2 along the axial direction of the commutator 12 is detected from the amount of movement of the commutator 12 in the axial direction of the means 2. Here, when a rotation angle signal is input, it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the movement amount by referring to this rotation angle signal together with the movement amount detection signal S2. Note that the portion of the commutator 12 serving as a measurement unit may be set according to the measurement resolution of the position detection means 8.

Based on the distance from the displacement measuring means 2 to the surface of the commutator 12 included in the displacement measuring signal S1 and the position of the displacement measuring means 2 along the axial direction of the commutator 12, the commutator 12 It is measured for each part of the commutator 12 along the axial direction.
Then, the surface shape of the commutator 12 is diagnosed along the axial direction of the commutator 12 based on the distance from the displacement measuring means 2 to the surface of the commutator 12 in each measured part, and the diagnosis result Is output to the diagnostic result output means.

  Specifically, the upper limit threshold L of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance measurement value is stored in advance in the surface shape diagnosis unit 10, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance measurement value is the upper limit threshold L. It is determined whether or not it exceeds. When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance measurement value exceeds the upper limit threshold L, the surface shape of the commutator 12 along the axial direction of the commutator 12 is diagnosed as abnormal, and the diagnosis The result is output to the diagnostic result output means. When the diagnosis result output means is an image output device such as a display, the diagnosis result output means displays the diagnosis result as an image on the screen, and the diagnosis result output means uses a sound such as a speaker. In the case of an output device, the diagnosis result may be pronounced as a sound such as an alarm.

Next, based on FIGS. 1 and 2, the surface shape of the commutator 12 is diagnosed along the axial direction of the commutator 12 using the commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of the present embodiment with reference to FIG. 3. The operation and effect of the method will be described.
When the DC motor M is in operation, the commutator 12 rotates in the circumferential direction while the brush 14 is pressed against the surface of the commutator 12, so that the DC motor M is on the surface of the commutator 12 in sliding contact with the brush 14. Wear occurs according to the operation.

When the surface of the commutator 12 is worn, the contact state between the brush 14 and the commutator 12 is deteriorated, and the commutation state becomes unstable. It becomes necessary to diagnose the surface shape.
The operation of measuring the state of wear generated on the surface of the commutator 12 and diagnosing the surface shape of the commutator 12 is performed when the rotation of the commutator 12 is stopped, that is, when the operation of the DC motor M is stopped. To be done.

While the rotation of the commutator 12 is stopped, the magnetic force of the electromagnets included in the attachment / detachment means 6a and 6b is increased, and the attachment / detachment means 6a and 6b are attached to the DC motor M, respectively (see FIG. 1).
At this time, the axial direction of the guide portion 24 is parallel to the axial direction of the commutator 12, and the projecting portions 28a and 28b are in a doubly-supported beam state on both axial sides of the commutator 12. Each attachment / detachment means 6a, 6b is attached to the DC motor M.

  Further, each attaching / detaching means 6a is arranged so that the axial direction of the guide portion 24, that is, the moving direction of the displacement measuring means 2 is parallel to the axial direction of the commutator 12 with respect to the surface of the commutator 12 to be diagnosed. , 6b are attached to the DC motor M. Here, the surface of the commutator 12 to be diagnosed is specifically the surface of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed, and the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed is, for example, one commutator 12. Set more than one for. The plurality of commutator pieces 20 that are set are a plurality of commutator pieces 20 that are arranged at equal intervals, for example.

When the attaching / detaching means 6a and 6b are attached to the DC motor M, the angle formed between the axial direction of the commutator 12 and the moving direction of the displacement measuring means 2 is not in a desired state, that is, the commutator. When the angle between the axial direction of 12 and the moving direction of the displacement measuring means 2 is not parallel when viewed from the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the angle direction of the commutator 12 is adjusted by the angle adjusting means 26a and 26b. And the moving direction of the displacement measuring means 2 are adjusted to a desired state.
Then, the displacement measuring means 2 is moved in the axial direction of the commutator 12 by the actuator, and the distance from the displacement measuring means 2 to the surface of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed is measured by the displacement measuring means 2. Then, the displacement measurement signal S1 is output to the surface shape diagnostic means 10 (see FIGS. 1 and 2).

In addition to the measurement by the displacement amount measuring means 2, the position detecting means 8 detects the movement amount of the displacement amount measuring means 2 in the axial direction of the commutator 12, and the movement amount detection signal S2 is sent to the surface shape diagnosis means 10. Output (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 2).
The surface shape diagnosis means 10 to which the displacement amount measurement signal S1 and the movement amount detection signal S2 are input, calculates the distance from the displacement amount measurement means 2 included in the displacement amount measurement signal S1 to the surface of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed. Then, along the axial direction of the commutator 12, measurement is performed for each part of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed (see FIG. 2).

Here, an example of the measurement result described above will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 3 shows the result of measuring the distance from the displacement measuring means 2 to the surface of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed for each part of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed along the axial direction of the commutator 12. FIG. 3A is a photograph showing the surface of the commutator 12, and FIG. 3B is a graph showing the measurement results corresponding to FIG. 3A. In FIG. 3A, the position of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed is indicated by a broken line. Moreover, the measurement result shown in FIG.3 (b) is a measurement result with respect to the commutator piece 20 shown with the broken line in Fig.3 (a). 3B, the distance from the displacement measuring means 2 to the surface of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed is indicated by the vertical axis Y, and the site of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed is indicated by the horizontal axis X. Is shown.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the measurement based on the displacement amount measurement signal S1 and the movement amount detection signal S2, the surface shape of the commutator piece 20 at each measured site can be expressed in two dimensions. Become.
Then, based on the distance from the displacement measuring means 2 to the surface of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed for each measured part, the surface shape of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed is diagnosed, and the diagnosis is performed. The result is output to the diagnostic result output means.

  Here, when the diagnosis result of the surface shape of the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed is abnormal, that is, when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance measurement value exceeds a predetermined upper limit threshold L, Cutting or the like is performed on the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed so that the surface of the piece 20 is flat. In FIG. 3, the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed shows a case where a part of the commutator 12 in the axial direction exceeds the upper limit threshold L.

When cutting or the like is performed on the commutator piece 20 to be diagnosed so that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance measurement value is within the range of the predetermined upper limit threshold L, the brush 14 and the commutator 12 are processed. The contact state is good and the rectification state is stabilized, so that the rectification state is restored to normal.
A plurality of commutator pieces 20 that are set for one commutator 12 are subjected to surface shape diagnosis by the same procedure as described above.

  At this time, when the attachment / detachment means 6a, 6b are detached from the DC motor M, the magnetic force of the electromagnets of the attachment / detachment means 6a, 6b is reduced, and the attachment / detachment means 6a, 6b are removed from the DC motor M, respectively. . Then, the commutator diagnostic device 1 is moved from the commutator piece 20 that has been diagnosed to the position of the commutator piece 20 that is the next diagnostic target, and the moving direction of the displacement measuring means 2 becomes the diagnostic target. The attachment / detachment means 6 a and 6 b are attached to the DC motor M so that the surface of the commutator 12 is parallel to the axial direction of the commutator 12. In addition, by rotating the commutator 12 in the circumferential direction, the attachment / detachment means 6a, the state where the Y-axis laser light L1 is irradiated from the displacement measuring means 2 to the surface of the commutator 12 to be diagnosed. 6b may be attached to the DC motor M.

  Such a diagnosis work is performed several times at predetermined intervals based on the operating time of the DC motor M, and each time the diagnosis result for the same commutator piece 20 is accumulated, for example, the commutator piece 20 It is possible to quantitatively grasp the wear amount, the tendency of the wear state based on the wear amount for each part, and the like. In this case, the configuration of the surface shape diagnosis means 10 includes, for example, a database unit that can store and reference diagnostic data, an arithmetic processing unit that can process and graph the diagnostic data, and a stored diagnosis It is preferable to have a configuration including a trend management unit that manages the tendency of the wear state for each part based on the data.

Further, by performing the above-described diagnostic work on the plurality of commutator pieces 20, the surface shape of the commutator piece 20 at each measured site represented in two dimensions is changed along the circumferential direction of the commutator 12. Thus, it can be expressed in three dimensions.
Therefore, in the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the displacement measuring means 2 is attached by the guide means 4 so as to be movable in the axial direction of the commutator 12. It is possible to measure the amount of displacement of the slidable contact surface of the commutator 12 with the brush 14 along the axial direction with respect to the brush 14.

For this reason, the commutator is arranged for each part along the axial direction of the commutator 12 based on the displacement amount of the slidable contact surface of the commutator 12 with the brush 14 relative to the brush 14 and the displacement amount of the displacement amount measuring means 2. The surface shape of the commutator 12 can be diagnosed along the 12 axial directions.
As a result, it is possible to diagnose abnormalities on the surface of the commutator 12 along the axial direction of the commutator 12, such as streak and step wear, without requiring visual inspection or manual palpation by maintenance workers.

A program for diagnosing the surface shape of the commutator 12 along the axial direction of the commutator 12 is installed on the surface shape diagnostic means 10 based on the displacement measurement signal S1 and the movement detection signal S2. Therefore, it is possible to quantitatively diagnose abnormalities on the surface of the commutator 12 along the axial direction of the commutator 12.
Further, in the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the displacement measuring means 2 constituted by a rotational power source such as a motor provided in the linear motion guide apparatus or the like is moved in the axial direction of the commutator 12. An actuator is provided.

As a result, it is possible to reduce the labor of the operator as compared with the case where the displacement measuring means 2 is moved manually, so that the surface shape of the commutator 12 using the commutator diagnostic device 1 is diagnosed. Work efficiency can be improved.
Further, in the DC motor commutator diagnosis apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the attaching / detaching means 6 for detachably attaching the guide means 4 to the DC motor M, and the magnetic force for detachably attaching the guide means 4 to the DC motor M by magnetic force. It is comprised by the attachment / detachment means.

As a result, since the displacement measuring means 2 can be easily attached to and detached from the DC motor M, the working efficiency of diagnosing the surface shape of the commutator 12 using the commutator diagnostic device 1 can be improved.
Further, in the DC motor commutator diagnosis apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the protrusions 28a and 28b are respectively separated from the commutator 12 when viewed from the radial direction of the commutator 12 by the two attachment / detachment means 6a and 6b. Also, the displacement measuring means 2 is attached to the DC motor M in a state where the commutator 12 is disposed on both sides in the axial direction.

As a result, the displacement measuring means 2 can be supported from both sides in the axial direction of the commutator 12 in a doubly supported beam state, so that the position of the displacement measuring means 2 with respect to the commutator 12 can be stabilized. The surface shape of the commutator 12 along the axial direction of the commutator 12 can be accurately diagnosed.
In the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the angle adjusting means 26 capable of adjusting the angle formed by the guide means 4 between the axial direction of the commutator 12 and the moving direction of the displacement measuring means 2. It has.
As a result, the moving direction of the displacement measuring means 2 can be finely adjusted with respect to the axial direction of the commutator 12, and the moving direction of the displacement measuring means 2 can be matched with the axial direction of the commutator 12. Therefore, the surface shape of the commutator 12 can be diagnosed with high accuracy.

  In the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the displacement measuring means 2 is provided with an actuator that moves in the axial direction of the commutator 12. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It is good also as a structure which is not provided. In this case, the displacement measuring means 2 may be manually moved in the axial direction of the commutator 12. However, as in the commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 for a DC motor according to the present embodiment, it is possible to use the commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 to include an actuator that moves the displacement measuring means 2 in the axial direction of the commutator 12. The working efficiency of diagnosing the surface shape of the commutator 12 can be improved, which is preferable.

  Further, in the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the attaching / detaching means 6 is constituted by magnetic attaching / detaching means that is detachably attached to the DC motor M by magnetic force, but is not limited thereto, and is not limited thereto. 4, for example, the attaching / detaching means 6 may be constituted by a fastening member such as a bolt. However, as in the DC motor commutator diagnosis apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the detachable means 6 is constituted by magnetic detachable means that is detachably attached to the DC motor M by magnetic force. 2 is easy to attach and detach, which is preferable.

  Furthermore, in the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the displacement amount measuring means 2 is placed on the outer side of the commutator 12 in the axial direction of the commutator 12 by the two attaching / detaching means 6a and 6b. Although it was set as the structure supported in the state of a double-supported beam from both axial directions, it is not limited to this. That is, for example, the displacement measuring means 2 is supported in a cantilever state from one axial side of the commutator 12 on the outer side in the axial direction of the commutator 12 by only one attaching / detaching means 6. Also good. However, as in the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the displacement amount measuring means 2 is supported in a doubly supported state from both sides in the axial direction of the commutator 12. This is preferable because the position of the quantity measuring means 2 can be stabilized.

  In the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the guide means 4 includes the angle adjusting means 26. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the guide means 4 adjusts the angle. A configuration without the means 26 may also be adopted. However, like the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the guide means 4 is provided with the angle adjusting means 26 so that the displacement measuring means 2 moves in the direction of the commutator 12. This is preferable because it can be easily matched with the axial direction, and the surface shape of the commutator 12 can be accurately diagnosed.

Further, in the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the position detecting means 8 is formed by a laser distance meter, that is, a non-contact type distance meter, but the present invention is not limited to this. The means 8 may be formed by a contact-type distance meter such as a contact-type dial distance meter.
Further, in the commutator diagnostic method using the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the diagnostic work was performed with the DC commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 attached to only one location for one DC motor M. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of commutator diagnostic apparatuses 1 may be used, and a single DC motor M may be attached to the commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 at a plurality of locations to perform a diagnosis operation. .

  Further, in the DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the case where the DC motor M is installed so that the axial direction of the commutator 12 is horizontal or substantially horizontal has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, the DC motor M may be applied when the axial direction of the commutator 12 is installed so as to be inclined with respect to the horizontal direction. In this case, for example, when the configuration of the DC motor M is a configuration in which the brush 14 is in sliding contact with the commutator 12 in the horizontal direction, the Y-axis laser light L1 emitted from the displacement measuring means 2 is used as the commutator 12. What is necessary is just to irradiate in the substantially horizontal direction toward the surface of this. The point is that the displacement amount measuring means 2 irradiates the brush 14 according to the position of the brush 14 so that the displacement amount in the direction substantially perpendicular to the sliding contact surface with the commutator 12 of the brush 14 can be measured. What is necessary is just to set the irradiation direction of the Y-axis laser beam L1.

  Further, in the DC motor commutator diagnosis apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the axial direction of the commutator 12 depends on whether the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance measurement values exceeds a predetermined upper limit threshold L or not. Although the configuration in which the surface shape of the commutator 12 along the line is diagnosed as being abnormal, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, for example, the surface shape of the commutator 12 along the axial direction of the commutator 12 depends on whether the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance measurement values exceed the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the upper limit threshold L, respectively. You may comprise so that it may diagnose.

It is a figure which shows the specific structure of the commutator shape measuring apparatus of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the one part schematic structure of a commutator shape measuring apparatus. It is an image figure which shows the result of having measured the distance from the displacement measuring means to the surface of the commutator piece used as a diagnostic object for every part of the commutator piece used as a diagnostic object along the axial direction of a commutator, (a ) Is a photograph showing the surface of the commutator, and (b) is a graph showing the measurement results corresponding to (a).

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Commutator diagnostic device 2 Displacement measuring means 4 Guide means 6 Attaching / detaching means 8 Position detecting means 10 Surface shape diagnostic means 12 Commutator 14 Brush 16 Rotor shaft 18 Armature 20 Commutator piece 22 Brush holder arm 24 Guide section 26 Angle Adjusting means 28 Protruding part 30 Shaft bar 32 Magnetic force adjusting lever 33 Rocker ring M DC motor L1 Y-axis laser light L2 X-axis laser light S1 Displacement measurement signal S2 Movement detection signal

Claims (6)

In a DC motor having a commutator and a brush that slidably contacts the commutator and the commutator in the radial direction,
A commutator diagnostic apparatus for a DC motor comprising displacement amount measuring means for measuring a displacement amount of a sliding contact surface with the brush in the commutator,
Guiding means extending along the axial direction of the commutator and attached to the displacement measuring means so as to be movable in the axial direction of the commutator;
Removable means for detachably attaching the guide means to the DC motor;
Position detecting means for detecting the position of the displacement measuring means along the axial direction of the commutator;
A commutator diagnosis for a DC motor, comprising: a surface shape diagnosis means for diagnosing a surface shape of the commutator based on a displacement amount measured by the displacement amount measurement means and a position detected by the position detection means. apparatus.   2. The DC motor commutator diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the guide means includes an actuator that moves the displacement measuring means in the axial direction of the commutator.   3. The DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the attaching / detaching means detachably attaches both ends of the guide means to the DC motor in a doubly-supported state on both axial sides of the commutator. Commutator diagnostic device.   4. The DC motor commutator diagnosis device according to claim 1, wherein the attaching / detaching means is a magnetic attaching / detaching means for detachably attaching the guide means to the DC motor by a magnetic force. 5. .   The said guide means is equipped with the angle adjustment means which can adjust the angle which the axial direction of the said commutator and the movement direction of the said displacement amount measurement means make, Any one of Claim 1 to 4 characterized by the above-mentioned. The described DC motor commutator diagnostic device. Rectification of a DC motor that measures a displacement amount of a sliding contact surface of the commutator with the brush with respect to a DC motor having a commutator and a brush that is in sliding contact with the commutator and the commutator in a radial direction. A child diagnosis method,
While moving one displacement amount measuring means for measuring the displacement amount along the axial direction of the commutator, the displacement amount was measured for each portion of the commutator along the axial direction of the commutator, and this measurement was performed. A method for diagnosing a commutator of a DC motor, wherein the surface shape of the commutator is diagnosed based on a displacement amount for each part.