JP4967608B2 - Distributed power system - Google Patents
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- JP4967608B2 JP4967608B2 JP2006301040A JP2006301040A JP4967608B2 JP 4967608 B2 JP4967608 B2 JP 4967608B2 JP 2006301040 A JP2006301040 A JP 2006301040A JP 2006301040 A JP2006301040 A JP 2006301040A JP 4967608 B2 JP4967608 B2 JP 4967608B2
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Description
本発明は、自家発電装置と蓄電池電源をもつ分散電源装置と、商用系統電源との連系により特定の需要家に電力を供給する分散電源システムに係り、特に蓄電池の充放電制御に関する。 The present invention relates to a distributed power supply system that supplies power to a specific consumer through interconnection between a private power generation apparatus and a storage battery power supply, and a commercial power supply, and more particularly to charge / discharge control of a storage battery.
分散電源システムの系統構成例を図4に示す。自家発電装置1は、自家発電機や他の発電装置(太陽光発電装置、風力発電装置、燃料電池など)によって発電し、電力会社の商用系統電源2と連系して需要家3に給電を行い、また発電余力がある場合には電力会社に売電する分散電源装置として設備される。蓄電池電源4は、蓄電池を直流電力蓄積装置とし、交直電力変換器(双方向電力変換器)の制御によって電源母線との間で電力授受を行う分散電源装置として設備される。
A system configuration example of the distributed power supply system is shown in FIG. The
蓄電池電源4の役割は2つある。1つは、電力のピークカット(負荷平準化)のための役割であり、これは、昼間の電力ピークをカットするため、図5に蓄電池の充放電制御例を示すように、夜間は蓄電池を充電しておき、昼間の電力使用がピークに達する時間帯に蓄電池から放電することで、電力系統の負荷電力ピークを抑える。 The storage battery power supply 4 has two roles. One is a role for power peak cut (load leveling), which cuts the power peak during the day, so as shown in FIG. By charging the battery and discharging it from the storage battery during the daytime when the power usage reaches its peak, the load power peak of the power system is suppressed.
2つ目は、夜間昼間を問わず、自家発電装置1の発電能力や商用系統電源2からの買電契約容量では吸収できないような需要負荷急増、あるいは、分散電源装置に太陽光発電装置や風力発電装置などが含まれる場合にその発電量の急変を吸収する役割であり、これら負荷急変には図6に示すように、負荷電力と発電電力との差分を蓄電池の充電あるいは放電によって補い、電力系統の安定化を図る。
The second is a sudden increase in demand load that cannot be absorbed by the power generation capacity of the private
このような分散電源装置は、その最適運用を図ることが要求され、基本的には予め作成した運用計画書に従って運用される。この運用計画としては、季節や時間帯別の電力需要を予測し、この予測を基に分散電源装置の発電効率および運転コストを考慮した運用計画書を作成し、さらに電力需要予測と実際の電力需要量とに大きな差が発生したときには発電効率および運転コストの再計算によって最適な発電電力量として求め、この発電電力量に自動修正する。 Such distributed power supply devices are required to be optimally operated, and are basically operated in accordance with an operation plan prepared in advance. As this operation plan, forecast the power demand by season and time zone, create an operation plan that takes into account the power generation efficiency and operating cost of the distributed power supply based on this forecast, and then forecast the power demand and actual power When a large difference occurs in the demand amount, the power generation efficiency and the operation cost are recalculated to obtain the optimum power generation amount, and the power generation amount is automatically corrected.
蓄電池電源4自体の最適運用には、蓄電量や蓄電コストを記憶し、充放電の増減をシミュレーションし、電力系統との売買電力コストと蓄電池の蓄電コストを基に蓄電池の充放電量を調整する手法がある(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
蓄電池電源4において、ほとんどの大容量蓄電池には、充放電の切り替えの回数(以降サイクル回数と略)に制限があり、充放電を繰り返すと著しく蓄電池は寿命を短くしてしまう。 In the storage battery power supply 4, most large-capacity storage batteries have a limit on the number of times of switching between charge and discharge (hereinafter abbreviated as the number of cycles), and repetitive charge and discharge significantly shortens the life of the storage battery.
つまり、蓄電池の充放電によって電力ピークを抑えるような計画を立て、なおかつこの蓄電池に電力系統の安定を図る役割を与えた場合、図5における時間T0及び時間T1においては、負荷変動によっては蓄電池が充放電を繰り返し、サイクル回数の制限からすぐに寿命に達してしまう。 That is, when a plan is made to suppress the power peak by charging / discharging the storage battery, and the storage battery is given a role of stabilizing the power system, the storage battery is changed depending on the load fluctuation at time T0 and time T1 in FIG. Charging and discharging are repeated, and the life is reached soon due to the limit of the number of cycles.
これを避けるために、2台の蓄電池電源を設置し、一方の蓄電池電源を電力ピークカット用に、他方の蓄電池電源を電力系統の安定化用に機能分散することが考えられるが、大容量蓄電池は高価なものであり、この機能分散のためだけに2台導入するのでは設備コスト上で問題となる。 In order to avoid this, it is conceivable that two storage battery power sources are installed, and one of the storage battery power sources is function-distributed for power peak cut, and the other storage battery power source is for power system stabilization. Is expensive, and if only two units are installed only for the purpose of function distribution, there is a problem in terms of equipment cost.
本発明の目的は、1台の蓄電池電源によって電力ピークカットと系統安定化を図り、しかも蓄電池の寿命を延ばすことができる分散電源システムを提供することにある。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a distributed power supply system that can achieve power peak cut and system stabilization with a single storage battery power supply and extend the life of the storage battery.
本発明は、前記の課題を解決するため、蓄電池の充放電電力に一定量のバイアス電力を含ませておき(下駄を履かせておき)、急激な負荷変動または自家発電装置の急激な発電力変動にも、蓄電池の充放電の切換頻度を下げるようにしたもので、以下の構成を特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention includes a certain amount of bias power in the charge / discharge power of the storage battery (with clogs), and causes rapid load fluctuations or rapid power generation of the private power generator. The fluctuation is also made by reducing the switching frequency of charge / discharge of the storage battery, and is characterized by the following configuration.
(1)自家発電装置と1台の蓄電池電源をもつ分散電源装置と、商用系統電源との連系により特定の需要家に電力を供給する分散電源システムにおいて、
前記蓄電池電源は、
自家発電装置の運用発電電力、および蓄電池電源の蓄電池に必要とする蓄積電力量を基に調節した充放電電力指令に、一定量の充放電バイアス電力を加算または減算した充放電電力指令に従って蓄電池を充放電制御する充放電制御部と、
前記運用発電電力PGから前記バイアス電力PBを減算し、この減算結果(PG−PB)が負荷電力PLよりも大きいときに前記充放電制御部を充電モードに切換え、前記運用発電電力PGに前記バイアス電力PBを加算し、この加算結果(PG+PB)が負荷電力PLよりも小さいときに前記充放電制御部を放電モードに切換える充放電モード切換手段を備え、
前記充放電バイアス電力は、負荷曲線の急変に対して前記自家発電装置の発電電力では不足する分を前記蓄電池の放電で吸収して該蓄電池の充放電反転が起きるのを防止し、かつ前記自家発電装置の発電量のオーバシュート分を前記蓄電池の充電で吸収して該蓄電池の充放電反転が起きるのを防止する電力量にしたことを特徴とする。
(1) In a distributed power supply system that supplies power to a specific consumer through interconnection between a private power generation apparatus, a single storage battery power supply, and a commercial power supply,
The storage battery power supply is
Charge / discharge power command adjusted based on the operating power generated by the private power generator and the amount of stored power required for the storage battery power storage battery according to the charge / discharge power command that adds or subtracts a certain amount of charge / discharge bias power. A charge / discharge control unit for charge / discharge control;
The bias power P B is subtracted from the operation power generation power P G, and when the subtraction result (P G −P B ) is larger than the load power P L , the charge / discharge control unit is switched to the charge mode, and the operation power generation Charge / discharge mode switching means for adding the bias power P B to the power P G and switching the charge / discharge control unit to the discharge mode when the addition result (P G + P B ) is smaller than the load power P L ;
The charging / discharging bias power absorbs a shortage of the power generated by the private power generation device with respect to a sudden change in a load curve by the discharge of the storage battery to prevent recharging / discharging of the storage battery, and the private charge The amount of power generated by the power generation device is absorbed by charging of the storage battery, and the amount of power is set to prevent charge / discharge reversal of the storage battery from occurring .
以上のとおり、本発明によれば、蓄電池の充放電電力に一定量のバイアス電力を含ませておき(下駄を履かせておき)、急激な負荷変動または自家発電装置の急激な発電力変動にも、蓄電池の充放電の切換頻度を下げるようにしたため、1台の蓄電池電源によって電力ピークカットと系統安定化を図り、しかも蓄電池の寿命を延ばすことができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, a certain amount of bias power is included in the charging / discharging power of the storage battery (with clogs), so that sudden load fluctuations or sudden power fluctuations of the private power generator can be avoided. However, since the switching frequency of charging / discharging of the storage battery is lowered, the power peak cut and system stabilization can be achieved by one storage battery power source, and the life of the storage battery can be extended.
図1は、本発明の実施形態を示す分散電源システムにおける蓄電池の充放電制御装置である。1台設置構成の蓄電池電源4は、蓄電池4Aと充放電電力変換器4Bおよび充放電制御装置4Cで構成され、蓄電池4Aと負荷母線との間で電力の充放電を行い、電力ピークカットと系統安定化を可能にする。
FIG. 1 is a storage battery charge / discharge control device in a distributed power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. A single storage battery power source 4 is configured by a
充放電制御装置4Cは、充放電制御部11によって充放電電力変換器4Bの充放電モード切換制御と充放電電力制御を行う。このうち、充放電電力は、自家発電装置1の運用発電電力(発電曲線)、および蓄電池に必要とする蓄積電力量を基に調節した充放電電力指令に、加減算部10で一定量の充放電バイアス電力(下駄電力)を加算または減算し、この下駄を履かせた充放電電力指令に従って制御される。
In the charge /
図2は、充放電バイアス電力を付加した蓄電池の充放電例を示す。同図が図5と異なる点は、負荷電力が低い夜間における蓄電池の充電、負荷電力のピーク時間帯における蓄電池の放電、さらに負荷電力の変化が大きい時間帯T0、T1における充放電に際して、一定量のバイアス電力を加算しておく場合である。 FIG. 2 shows a charge / discharge example of a storage battery to which charge / discharge bias power is added. 5 differs from FIG. 5 in that a certain amount is charged during charging of the storage battery at night when load power is low, discharging of the storage battery during peak hours of load power, and charging / discharging during time periods T0 and T1 when the load power changes greatly. This is a case where the bias power is added.
次に、充放電モード切換は、従来システムでは負荷電力と自家発電装置の運用発電電力(発電曲線)との大小比較で決定されている。本実施形態では、運用発電電力に一定量の充放電バイアス電力(下駄電力)を含ませ、これと負荷電力との大小比較で充放電モードを切換える。 Next, the charge / discharge mode switching is determined in the conventional system by comparing the load power with the operating power generated by the private power generator (power generation curve). In the present embodiment, a certain amount of charge / discharge bias power (clogged power) is included in the operating power generation power, and the charge / discharge mode is switched by comparing this with the load power.
この充放電モード切換制御には、減算部12は自家発電装置の運用発電電力PGからバイアス電力PBを減算し、比較部13は減算結果(PG−PB)が負荷電力PLよりも大きいときに充電モード指令を発生する。逆に、減算部14は運用発電電力PGにバイアス電力PBを加算し、比較部15は加算結果(PG+PB)が負荷電力PLよりも小さいときに放電モード指令を発生する。ここで、バイアス電力PBは、同じ値で無く、減算側と加算側で異なる値としてもよい。
In this charging / discharging mode switching control, the
図3の(a)は蓄電池に常時充電の下駄を履かせた場合の負荷曲線と運用発電曲線の関係図を示し、図3の(b)は蓄電池に常時放電の下駄を履かせた場合の関係図を示す。図3の(a)では負荷曲線の急変に対して自家発電装置1の発電電力では不足する分を、常時充電の下駄を履かせておいた蓄電池の放電で吸収することができ、蓄電池の充放電反転が起きるのを防止できる。図3の(b)では自家発電装置1の風車発電機などの発電機のオーバシュート分を、常時放電の下駄を履かせておいた蓄電池の充電で吸収することができ、蓄電池の充放電反転が起きるのを防止できる。
FIG. 3 (a) shows the relationship between the load curve and the operational power generation curve when the storage battery is always worn with clogs, and FIG. 3 (b) is the case when the battery is always worn with clogs. The relationship diagram is shown. In FIG. 3 (a), the shortage of the power generated by the in-
このような充放電制御装置4Cを設けることにより、2台の蓄電池を使用することなく、1台の蓄電池に2台分の役割を与え、しかも蓄電池の充放電頻度を下げてその寿命を延ばすことができる。
By providing such a charge /
1 自家発電装置
2 商用系統
3 需要家
4 蓄電池電源
4A 蓄電池
4B 充放電電力変換器
4C 充放電制御装置
10 加減算器
11 充放電制御部
12 減算器
13、15 比較部
14 加算部
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (1)
前記蓄電池電源は、
自家発電装置の運用発電電力、および蓄電池電源の蓄電池に必要とする蓄積電力量を基に調節した充放電電力指令に、一定量の充放電バイアス電力を加算または減算した充放電電力指令に従って蓄電池を充放電制御する充放電制御部と、
前記運用発電電力PGから前記バイアス電力PBを減算し、この減算結果(PG−PB)が負荷電力PLよりも大きいときに前記充放電制御部を充電モードに切換え、前記運用発電電力PGに前記バイアス電力PBを加算し、この加算結果(PG+PB)が負荷電力PLよりも小さいときに前記充放電制御部を放電モードに切換える充放電モード切換手段を備え、
前記充放電バイアス電力は、負荷曲線の急変に対して前記自家発電装置の発電電力では不足する分を前記蓄電池の放電で吸収して該蓄電池の充放電反転が起きるのを防止し、かつ前記自家発電装置の発電量のオーバシュート分を前記蓄電池の充電で吸収して該蓄電池の充放電反転が起きるのを防止する電力量にしたことを特徴とする分散電源システム。 In a distributed power supply system that supplies power to a specific consumer through interconnection between a private power generator and a single storage battery power supply and a commercial power supply,
The storage battery power supply is
Charge / discharge power command adjusted based on the operating power generated by the private power generator and the amount of stored power required for the storage battery power storage battery according to the charge / discharge power command that adds or subtracts a certain amount of charge / discharge bias power. A charge / discharge control unit for charge / discharge control;
The bias power P B is subtracted from the operation power generation power P G, and when the subtraction result (P G −P B ) is larger than the load power P L , the charge / discharge control unit is switched to the charge mode, and the operation power generation Charge / discharge mode switching means for adding the bias power P B to the power P G and switching the charge / discharge control unit to the discharge mode when the addition result (P G + P B ) is smaller than the load power P L ;
The charging / discharging bias power absorbs a shortage of the power generated by the private power generation device with respect to a sudden change in a load curve by the discharge of the storage battery to prevent recharging / discharging of the storage battery, and the private charge A distributed power supply system characterized in that an amount of power generated by a power generation device is absorbed by charging of the storage battery to prevent charge / discharge reversal of the storage battery from occurring .
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