JP4952980B2 - Algae crusher - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an algae crushing apparatus for crushing and killing algae that constitute a blue sea bream and red tide.

In eutrophied lakes and reservoirs, abnormally grown algae (phytoplankton) may float on the water surface and the water surface may become green. The aggregate of algae that forms this state is called “Aoko”. Aoko loses the beauty of the lake and gives off a characteristic odor. In addition, some algae that make up the sea bream are toxic. In addition, abnormal growth of sea cucumbers can cause seafood to die all at once.
Furthermore, a phenomenon called red tide in which algae grows abnormally in seawater and the seawater changes color is also a phenomenon similar to the above-mentioned aoko.

As a method for treating the abnormally grown algae, there are the following methods.
(1) The simplest method is a treatment method called dehydrated cake in which algae collected with water is separated from water and then dehydrated for disposal. In this treatment method, since the treated algae may be toxic, it is treated as an industrial waste, so some treatment is required for disposal, but a sufficient treatment method has not been established. For this reason, it cannot be disposed of and is buried in the soil of the collected reservoir as it is, which is not a reasonable method and the land for treatment is limited.

(2) As a method generally said to be effective for algae treatment, there is a treatment method using a cavitation effect using ultrasonic waves. However, since the processing amount of algae is enormous, not only a large apparatus for processing them but also a running cost is excessive and there is an economical problem and it has not been put into practical use.

(3) There is also a physical processing method in which algae are cut by passing through a wire mesh layer provided in a pipeline as a high-pressure high-speed flow as a means for crushing algae. However, since a large-sized pump is required to obtain a high-pressure and high-speed flow, a running cost of power for moving the pump is required. Furthermore, since the mesh size of the wire mesh layer is too large compared to the cell scale of algae, the treatment is not sufficient until the cells are crushed.

(4) There is also a method using a fixed algae precipitation process by adding chemicals. However, the use of chemicals leaves problems after treatment, and also costs for the treatment of separated water. The use of chemicals is basically a means that should be avoided because there are concerns over the disposal of processed materials, contamination of water sources and environmental impact.
Here, as a method of recovering algae that constitutes the sea bream from a lake or the like, for example, there is a method of sucking surface water that naturally flows in by floating a kite on the water surface with a pump. However, there is a problem that the pump sucks air at the time of suction and the pump runs idle, and there remains a problem that it is not an apparatus for actively collecting algae. It should be noted that the sea cucumbers are concentrated between a predetermined depth from the water surface, so that it is not necessary to simply squeeze the end of the hose into a pond or the like.

Furthermore, there exists a method of patent document 1 and 2 as a method of crushing a cell.
The method described in Patent Document 1 is intended to crush the cell wall by heating and shearing. Moreover, the method described in Patent Document 2 attempts to crush the cell membrane by stirring with a stirring blade in a container containing rigid spheres.
JP 2000-287671 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-68536

However, in the method of Patent Document 1, not only large energy is required for heating and shearing, but there is a possibility that cells may pass through the shearing part.
In addition, the method of Patent Document 2 is insufficient for crushing the algae that constitute the aoko. Although it is described that “the transition from the high-pressure action state to the low-pressure action state is made instantaneously”, the pressure transition of this level is too slow to sufficiently crush the algae. Also, the process takes 155 seconds. Moreover, since it is going to crush by stirring with a rigid sphere similarly to the cited example 1, the running cost for crushing starts.

As described above, there are problems that it takes too much time to crush the cell walls of algae, it takes time to sufficiently crush, and the apparatus becomes large.
This invention is made paying attention to the above points, and it aims at providing the algae crushing apparatus which can crush the algae which are causative, such as a mushroom, in a short time reliably. Yes.

In order to solve the above problem, the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention is to crush the algae by applying a water hammer pressure of 0.4 MPa or more to water containing algae. The algal crushing device is provided.
Next, the invention described in claim 2 is an algal crushing device characterized in that water containing algae is sent to a water hammer pump, and water hammer pressure of 0.4 MPa or more is applied to the algae by the water hammer pump. It is to provide.
Next, the invention described in claim 3 is a collection device for collecting the algae floating together with water from the algae generation site, which is a water area where algae are generated, in the configuration described in claim 2. And a water conduit that supplies water containing the algae recovered by the recovery device to the water hammer pump.

Next, the invention described in claim 4 is the configuration described in claim 3, wherein the recovery device includes a floater floating in the algae generation site and a water collecting port supported by the floater and below the surface of the water. A suction path that is disposed and extends toward a recovery pump, which will be described later, a recovery pump whose suction port is connected to the suction path, and a reservoir that receives water discharged from the recovery pump,
The water conduit is connected to the water reservoir.
Next, the invention described in claim 5 is characterized in that the structure described in claim 4 is provided with moving means for moving the floater along the water surface of the algae generation site.

Next, the invention described in claim 6 is the bypass according to the configuration described in claim 5, wherein the moving means branches from the suction path or branches from a pipe connected to the discharge side of the recovery pump. A pipe and a valve for opening and closing the flow path of the bypass pipe , and the other end of the bypass pipe is supported by the floater and the other end opening is disposed in water. It is what.
Next, the invention described in claim 7 is the configuration described in claim 6, wherein the bypass pipe is further divided into a plurality of branch branches on the way, and at least two branch branches among the plurality of branch branches are provided. The other end opening portions are separated from each other and arranged in the same direction.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to crush the algae which are causes, such as a sea urchin, instantly and simply and reliably.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an algal crusher according to the present embodiment.
(Constitution)
As shown in FIG. 1, the algae crushing apparatus of this embodiment is comprised from the collection | recovery apparatus 1 and the water hammer pump 2 which is the main body of a crushing apparatus.
The recovery device 1 is connected to a recovery device main body 1A that floats on the surface of an algae generation site such as a reservoir, a suction tube 3 that sucks and transports floating algae together with water, and the other end of the suction tube 3. A recovery pump 4 including an electric pump or a hydraulic pump to which water containing algae is supplied, and a supply tank 21 constituting a water storage section are provided.

  1 A of said collection | recovery apparatuses are provided with the floater 5 which consists of a foam polystyrene which floats on the water surface, and an upper surface is arrange | positioned upwards from a water surface, and the hollow body 6 supported by the floater 5. FIG. In the present embodiment, the floater 5 is described assuming a flat plate shape made of foamed polystyrene, but is not limited thereto. If the floater 5 has enough buoyancy to float on the water surface and float, the floater 5 may have another shape such as an opening in the center in plan view, or may ensure buoyancy by, for example, floating. .

The hollow body 6 is a box disposed on the lower surface of the floater 5, and the side plate 6 a has a plurality of slits 7 having a size capable of sucking water including the water-bloom. In FIG. 1, the lower end portion of the side plate 6a is positioned below the bottom plate 6b. This is because the volume inside the hollow body 6 can be changed by changing the height of the bottom plate 6b.
The formation position of the slit 7 is set so as to be located anywhere in the water depth range from the water surface to 20 cm. As a result of the inventors' confirmation, the abnormally breeding sea cucumber is almost floating in a layer between the surface of the water and the depth of 15 cm.

One end portion of the suction pipe 3 is connected to the bottom plate 6b of the cavity body 6 so that water including the water inside the cavity body 6 can be sucked. The suction tube 3 is composed of a flexible tube, and the other end is connected to the suction port of the recovery pump 4.
Here, the floater 5 can change the floating position by a moving means (not shown). The moving means includes, for example, a screw and a motor that rotates the screw. Other suitable moving means will be described in a second embodiment to be described later. Separately, the collection apparatus main body 1A may be pulled by a boat or the like and placed in the water-blowing generating portion.

The hollow body 6 and the suction pipe 3 constitute a suction path.
The discharge port of the recovery pump 4 is connected to a supply tank 21 via a discharge pipe 20, one end of a water conduit 8 is connected to the supply tank 21, and the other end of the water conduit 8 is a water hammer pump. 2 suction ports. In FIG. 2, the schematic diagram of the water hammer pump 2 is shown. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 2a is a valve chamber, reference numeral 2b is a drain valve, reference numeral 2c is a pumping valve, and reference numeral 2d is a tank. In addition, although the code | symbol 2e has shown the pressure gauge and the code | symbol 2f has respectively shown the water level gauge, these are provided only for confirmation and may not be provided.
Here, the water hammer pressure of the water hammer pump 2 of this embodiment is designed to be 0.4 MPa or more.
Note that if the supply tank 21 is set at a position 3 m higher than the valve chamber 2 a of the water hammer pump 2, it is confirmed that a water hammer pressure of 0.7 MPa or more is generated only by the energy of the water. ing.

(Function and effect)
Next, the effect of the algal crusher of this embodiment is demonstrated.
First, the recovery apparatus main body 1A is moved to a position where the blue sea bream is abnormally breeding on the water surface in a reservoir or the like. In some cases, it is temporarily moored at that location. At this time, water enters the cavity 6 from the slit 7. In some cases, a shutter may be provided in the slit 7 so that the slit 7 can be opened only at a position where there is a large scale.
Next, when the recovery pump 4 is driven in the above-described state, the water containing the water enters the hollow body 6 from the slit 7, and then the water containing the water in the hollow body 6 passes through the suction pipe 3. It is sucked into the recovery pump 4 and stored in the supply tank 21, and is sent from the supply tank 21 to the water conduit 8 side.

  The water hammer pump 2 does not require electricity or fuel, and the drain valve 2b and the lift valve 2c are repeatedly opened and closed in a predetermined cycle by the energy of the supplied water. Then, water is drained from the valve chamber 2a when the drain valve 2b is open, and a water hammer phenomenon occurs when the drain valve 2b is closed. Further, when the pressure in the valve chamber 2a rises due to a water hammer phenomenon, the pumping valve 2c is temporarily lifted, and the water in the valve chamber 2a flows into the tank 2d.

  Here, the water hammer pump 2 is normally used for pumping water, but in the present invention, it is not for pumping water, so there is no need for a pumping pipe connected to the tank 2d. As a result of confirmation by the present inventors, the water hammer pump 2 was operating even when the pumping pipe was closed and the tank 2d was visually filled with water. However, the water containing the crushed algae that sequentially enter the tank 2d may be pumped to a high place and processed using a pumping pipe.

Moreover, in FIG. 1, although it seems that the waste_water | drain from the drainage valve 2b returns directly to a reservoir, for example, a mesh-like member is inserted and the algae crushed by the said mesh-like member are caught, and only water is stored in the reservoir side. It has returned to. The drainage does not have to be returned to the reservoir.
Then, due to the water hammer action when the drain valve 2b is closed, an instantaneous water hammer pressure of 0.4 MPa or more is loaded in the valve chamber 2a and the water conduit 8 communicating with the valve chamber 2a, and the valve chamber 2a and Algal cells contained in the water in the conduit 8 are ruptured. Note that the pressure in the tank 2d gradually increases as the water hammer tap pump 2a operates in a state where the pumping pipe is closed.

Here, the water hammer pressure acts as a triangular pulse wave having a duration of 0.1 sec or less, thereby applying a rapid pressure fluctuation in a short time. In the experiment, the water hammer was periodically generated in a cycle of once every 2 to 3 seconds, but this interval seems to vary depending on the specifications of the water hammer pump 2.
In this way, by using the water hammer pump 2 that operates only with natural energy for cell disruption, the energy cost becomes only the drive of the recovery pump 4, and the water hammer pressure that instantaneously increases the pressure in a predetermined cycle. By applying continuously, algae cells can be surely crushed and killed.

  In other words, the effective mechanism of the water hammer pump 2 is that high pressure water hammer pressure is instantaneously transmitted in all directions through the water of the incompressible fluid, so that gas vesicles and cells that are floating bags in the algal cells are used. This is because cells are disrupted by the action of high pressure. As a result, the cells cannot adapt to the instantaneous high pressure, causing cell disruption, and a sudden change in pressure in water causes fatal damage to aquatic organisms. In this way, the point of using an instantaneous high pressure for crushing algae can be noted. In general, aquatic organisms such as algae move up and down and left and right in order to secure food and nutrients for living in the water, but when moving up and down in the depth direction, in the water they receive hydrostatic pressure proportional to the water depth. Has the function of adapting to the water pressure. Therefore, when pressure is applied slowly over time, it has the ability to adapt to a certain high pressure and can withstand the pressure. Therefore, it is extremely effective to instantaneously apply a high pressure necessary for pressurization. To that end, it is possible to pressurize all parts of the water by utilizing the transmission of pressure in the fluid as shown by Pascal's principle, which is very effective for disrupting aquatic organisms at the cellular level. It can be said.

In addition, since the cells after disruption contain a large amount of components including carbohydrates accumulated by photosynthesis of algae, when considering biorecycling of them, it is used as a fungus bed as a culture bed for cells. Can be considered. Specifically, there are uses such as improving the soil by culturing bacterial cells for soil improvement in the crushed cells and mixing them in the soil.
As for the collection of algae, the collection port of the collection layer is provided under the surface of the water, so that the water in the deep part where algae is present can be selectively and actively collected by the pump, and the algae collection ability will be greatly improved. Since the water body can be moved by making the recovery device main body self-propelled, the algae can be easily moved to the existing water area and the algae can be collected in a short time, thereby shortening the work. This is an extremely economical device.

From the above, even in areas where there is no electricity, such as undeveloped areas and mountains, it is possible to crush the enormous algae that make up the sea lions.
The water hammer pressure acts not only on the valve chamber 2a but also on the water in the water conduit 8 communicating with the valve chamber 2a. Impact pressure will be applied. However, even if it is one water hammer pressure, it can be surely ruptured by setting the pressure to 0.4 MPa or more. In view of acting multiple times, it may be set to a pressure exceeding 0.3 MPa and a pressure less than 0.4 MPa, which is the pressure of the crushing limit described later, but from the viewpoint of reliably crushing, 0.4 MPa or more It is preferable that

Here, in the said embodiment, although the water containing algae is collect | recovered using the collection pump 4, and the collect | recovered water is supplied to the water conduit 8, it is not limited to this.
Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a water tank 9 that can appropriately introduce water from the target reservoir without using the recovery device 1 is disposed, and the water hammer is 3 m below the water tank 9 , for example. You may make it arrange | position to the pump 2 and send the water containing algae to the water hammer pump 2, and you may make it crush algae cells continuously. In this case, it is advisable to use a net (not shown) or the like to appropriately collect the sea urchins floating on the water surface on the water tank 9 side.

"Experiment"
(1) Pressurization experiment Water containing aquatic was stored in the tank 2d, and the pressurization time was set to 1 sec. It is thought that the alga gas vesicles that make up the aoko are settled by crushing. In addition, it is considered that algae that are not cell rupture resurface during 24 hours.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the applied pressure and the settling rate.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, sedimentation occurs when the pressure exceeds 0.3 MPa, and it can be understood that when the pressure exceeds 0.4 MPa, it can be crushed almost 100% or more. That is, 0.3 to 0.4 MPa is the crushing limit pressure.

(2) Pressure loading time The pressure to be applied is set to two types of 0.3 MPa and 0.4 MPa, the pressure loading time is set to 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 60 seconds and 600 seconds, respectively. Checked the condition. When the pressure was 0.3 PMa, almost no settling could be confirmed regardless of the loading time, but when the pressure was 0.4 MPa, almost 100% settling was confirmed regardless of the loading time.
In the water hammer effect, it has been confirmed that a rapid high pressure acts for a short time (0.1 seconds or less) and that the water hammer is more reliably crushed. This confirms crushing and sedimentation with water discharged from the water hammer pump 2. In addition, since a high pressure is abruptly loaded with water hammer pressure, there is a possibility that sedimentation is ensured even at a pressure smaller than 0.4 MPa.

(3) Concentration difference The pressure experiment of the above (1) was carried out for the case where the concentration of the watermelon was 10% and 50%. As a result, when the pressure was 0.4 MPa, the crushing sedimentation rate was almost 100% regardless of the concentration. That is, the pressure to settle does not change even if the concentration is different.
From the above experimental contents, it can be seen that the cells of algae contained in water can be reliably crushed at a rate of almost 100% regardless of the concentration of the sea lion.

(Application examples)
Next, an example of the recovery device main body 1A, that is, the moving device of the floater 5 will be described. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and demonstrated about the member similar to the said 1st Embodiment.
In addition, the basic composition of the algal crushing apparatus of this embodiment is the same as that of the said embodiment.
However, as shown in FIG. 5, a bypass pipe 10 constituting a water supply pipe branches off from a discharge pipe 20 connected to the recovery pump 4. In addition, the on-off valve 13 is interposed downstream from the branch position of the bypass pipe 10 in the discharge pipe 20. The bypass pipe 10 is also provided with an on-off valve 14 that is closed during the crushing process.

Further, the water conduit 8 is also provided with an on-off valve 22. The valve 22 adjusts the supply amount to the water hammer pump 2.
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the bypass pipe 10 extends along the suction pipe 3 to the vicinity of the floater 5, and once again reaches the upper surface of the floater 5 (above the water surface) and then extends below the water surface again. Yes. The axis of the opening at the other end of the bypass pipe 10 is arranged so as to have a horizontal component. In this embodiment, it arrange | positions so that the axis | shaft of the opening of the said other end part may become as horizontal as possible.

In the present embodiment, the bypass pipe 10 is bifurcated in the middle, and electromagnetic valves 15 are inserted into the two branch branches 11 respectively, and the other end portions are arranged symmetrically. . The electromagnetic valve is disposed on the upper surface of the floater 5. The branch branch pipe 11 may be branched into three or more.
The moving means configured as described above drives the recovery pump 4 with the valve 13 closed when the number of water-filling around the current floater 5 is reduced. Then, the water sucked through the hollow body 6 and the suction pipe 3 is sent to the bypass pipe 10 and ejected from the other end portion 11 a of the branch branch pipe 11 branched from the bypass pipe 10. The floater 5, that is, the recovery apparatus main body 1A is moved by this water injection.

In the present embodiment, the branch branches 11 are arranged in left and right pairs, and the solenoid valves 15 are provided in the left and right branches, so that the ejection amount from the left and right branch branches 11 can be changed and the ejection amount can be changed. The direction of movement can be changed freely with. In addition, straightness is improved by jetting from the left and right.
Here, when water is sent to the bypass pipe 10, since there is almost no water around the floater 5, there is no need to worry about clogging.
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the sea lion is demonstrated as an example, algae which causes red tide etc. may be made into object.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the apparatus structure which concerns on 1st Embodiment based on this invention. It is a figure of an example which shows the structure of a water hammer pump. It is a figure which shows the example which does not use the collection | recovery apparatus which floats. It is a figure which shows the relationship between applied pressure and a sedimentation rate. It is a schematic diagram which shows the apparatus structure which concerns on 1st Embodiment based on this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the branch branch pipe which concerns on 1st Embodiment based on this invention. It is a side view which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the branch branch pipe which concerns on 1st Embodiment based on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Recovery device 2 Water hammer pump 3 Suction pipe 4 Recovery pump 5 Floater 6 Cavity body 7 Slit (water collecting port)
10 Bypass pipe 11 Branch branch pipe 20 Discharge pipe 21 Supply tank (water reservoir)

Claims (7)

  An algae crushing apparatus characterized by crushing the algae by applying a water hammer pressure of 0.4 MPa or more to water containing algae.   An algae crusher characterized in that water containing algae is sent to a water hammer pump, and a water hammer pressure of 0.4 MPa or more is applied to the algae by the water hammer pump.   A recovery device that recovers algae floating together with water from the algae generation site, which is a water area where algae are generated, and a water conduit that supplies water containing the algae recovered by the recovery device to the water hammer pump. The algal crusher according to claim 2, wherein The recovery device includes a floater floating at the algae generation site, a suction port supported by the floater and disposed below the surface of the water, and a recovery pump having a suction port connected to the suction route. A reservoir for receiving water discharged from the recovery pump, and
The algae crushing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the water conduit is connected to the water reservoir.   The algae crushing apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a moving unit that moves the floater along the water surface of the algae generation site. The moving means includes a bypass pipe branched from the suction path, or a bypass pipe branched from a pipe connected to the discharge side of the recovery pump, and a valve for opening and closing the flow path of the bypass pipe . The algae crushing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the other end side is supported by the floater and the other end opening is disposed in water. The bypass pipe is further divided into a plurality of branch branches in the middle, and the other end openings of at least two branch branches among the plurality of branch branches are separated from each other and arranged in the same direction. The algae crusher described in 6.

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