JP4936860B2 - Aperture mold - Google Patents

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JP4936860B2
JP4936860B2 JP2006312494A JP2006312494A JP4936860B2 JP 4936860 B2 JP4936860 B2 JP 4936860B2 JP 2006312494 A JP2006312494 A JP 2006312494A JP 2006312494 A JP2006312494 A JP 2006312494A JP 4936860 B2 JP4936860 B2 JP 4936860B2
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die
zirconia
alumina
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JP2007112712A (en
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浩 浜島
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Kyocera Corp
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本発明は、低摩擦で耐食性、耐摩耗性に優れたジルコニア製の金型部材に関するものであり、例えばボタン電池に使用するステンレス鋼板等の外装ケースを絞り形成加工する工程においてのダイスやパンチ等の金型として好適なものである。   The present invention relates to a die member made of zirconia having low friction and excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance. For example, a die, a punch or the like in a drawing process of an outer case such as a stainless steel plate used for a button battery It is suitable as a metal mold.

従来、例えば、ボタン電池の外装ステンレス鋼板を絞り形成する金型部材には、高強度で安定した以下の要件が望まれている。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, a mold member for drawing a button battery outer stainless steel plate is required to have the following high and stable requirements.

1)耐摩耗性、耐食性に優れること。   1) Excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

2)ステンレス鋼などの金属との摺動特性が良いこと(低摩擦係数を有すること)。   2) Good sliding properties with metals such as stainless steel (having a low coefficient of friction).

3)衝撃を加えても破損しないこと。   3) It should not be damaged by impact.

4)熱的安定素材であること(凝着反応が起こり難いこと)。   4) It is a thermally stable material (adhesion reaction is unlikely to occur).

そして、このような特性を満足するために、絞り金型部材の材質として、酸化イットリウムを安定化剤として含む一般的なジルコニアセラミックス(特許文献1を参照。)または、これら硬質素材に窒化チタンやDLCコーティングを施したものが多くみられた。
特公平4―58427号公報
In order to satisfy such characteristics, as a material of the drawing die member, general zirconia ceramics containing yttrium oxide as a stabilizer (see Patent Document 1), or these hard materials include titanium nitride or Many were DLC coated.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-58427

しかしながら、上記セラミックの素材およびこの素材に窒化チタンやDLCコーティングを施した絞り金型は、いずれも全ての要求を満足するものではなかった。   However, none of the ceramic material and the drawing die in which titanium nitride or DLC coating is applied to this material satisfy all the requirements.

即ち、従来のイットリアやマグネシアの安定化剤からなるジルコニアセラミックス製絞り金型は、摩擦係数が高く、熱的安定性も乏しく、被絞り素材を痛めてしまう等の課題があった。   That is, the conventional zirconia ceramic drawing die made of a yttria or magnesia stabilizer has problems such as a high friction coefficient, poor thermal stability, and damage to the drawn material.

さらに、上記硬質素材に窒化チタンやDLCコーティングなどのコーティングを施した絞り金型は、熱膨張係数の違いから剥離が起こり、摩耗し易く寿命が短いといった課題があった。   Furthermore, the drawing die in which the hard material is coated with titanium nitride, DLC coating or the like has a problem that peeling occurs due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient, and it is easily worn and has a short life.

本発明の目的は、低摩擦で腐食や摩耗が少なく長寿命である絞り金型部材、例えば、ボタン電池用の外装ステンレスケースを絞り形成するのに優れ、外装ケースにダメージを与えることのない絞り金型を提供することにある。   It is an object of the present invention to provide a drawing die member that has low friction, has little corrosion and wear, and has a long life, for example, a drawing stainless steel case for button batteries, and a drawing that does not damage the packaging case. To provide molds.

本発明の絞り金型は、アルミナ(Al)を5.2〜24.0重量%、酸化ディスプロシ
ウム(Dyを5.2〜10.9重量%、セリア(CeOを1.8〜4.0重量%、炭化チ
タン(TiC)を0.4〜0.9重量%およびカーボンを0.9〜2.9重量%、残部がジルコニア(ZrOからなる組成で抗折強度が165〜210kg/mm 、硬度が1580〜1800kg/mm かつ磨耗係数が0.13〜0.21であるセラミックスからなることを特徴とする。即ち、本発明は、絞り金型を形成するジルコニアを酸化ディスプロシウム(Dy)およびセリア(CeO)の少なくとも一方の安定化剤によって部分安定化させ、これとアルミナ(Al)とカーボン(TiCを含む)とを含み、抗折強度が165〜210kg/mm 、硬度が1580〜1800kg/mm かつ磨耗係数が0.13〜0.21であるセラミックスで形成したことを特徴とする。
In the drawing die of the present invention, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) is 5.2 to 24.0 wt%, dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ) is 5.2 to 10.9 wt%, and ceria (CeO 2 ) is 1.8 to 4.0 wt%. , Carbonized
Tan and (TiC) 0.4 to 0.9 wt% and 0.9 to 2.9 wt% of carbon, the composition and the balance of zirconia (ZrO 2), flexural strength 165~210kg / mm 2, hardness 1580~1800kg / mm 2 and abrasion coefficient, comprising the ceramic is from 0.13 to 0.21. That is, according to the present invention, zirconia forming a drawing die is partially stabilized by at least one stabilizer of dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ) and ceria (CeO 2 ), and this is mixed with alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and carbon (including TiC), characterized by being formed of ceramics having a bending strength of 165 to 210 kg / mm 2 , a hardness of 1580 to 1800 kg / mm 2 and a wear coefficient of 0.13 to 0.21. .

上記組成において、耐食性に優れたジルコニアに高硬度と高強度を得るためにアルミナを添加したが、アルミナが5.2重量%未満では高抗折強度、高硬度の効果が得られず、ア
ルミナが10.9重量%を超えると抗折強度が低下する。
In the above composition, zirconia with excellent corrosion resistance was added with alumina in order to obtain high hardness and high strength. However, if the alumina was less than 5.2 % by weight, the effects of high bending strength and high hardness were not obtained, and alumina was 10.9 % by weight. If it exceeds%, the bending strength decreases.

また、安定化剤として添加する酸化ディスプロシウム(Dy)およびセリア(CeO )は酸化ディスプロシウム(Dy )が5.2重量%未満またはセリア(Ce
)が1.8重量%未満であればジルコニア特有の応力誘起変態が有効に起動せず、酸化
ディスプロシウム(Dy )が10.9重量%を超えまたはセリア(CeO )が4.0重
量%を超えると焼結性が著しく低下することで粒子間空孔が大きく残留し、結果として抗折強度低下る。
Further, dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ) and ceria (CeO 2 ) to be added as a stabilizer are less than 5.2 % by weight of dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ) or ceria (Ce
If O 2 ) is less than 1.8% by weight, the stress-induced transformation unique to zirconia will not be activated effectively and oxidation will occur.
Dysprosium (Dy 2 O 3 ) exceeds 10.9 % by weight or ceria (CeO 2 ) is 4.0 times
Exceeding amounts% interparticle voids by sintering property is remarkably lowered greatly remain, flexural strength you decrease as a result.

また、摺動特性を著しく高くするために含有する炭化チタン(TiC)が0.4重量%以
上,カーボン量が0.9重量%以上必要となるが、炭化チタン(TiC)が0.9重量%を超え,カーボン量が2.9重量%を超えると焼結性が著しく低下する。
In addition, titanium carbide (TiC) contained in order to remarkably improve the sliding characteristics is 0.4% by weight or less.
In addition, the amount of carbon is required to be 0.9 % by weight or more, but if the amount of titanium carbide (TiC) exceeds 0.9% by weight and the amount of carbon exceeds 2.9 % by weight, the sinterability is significantly lowered.

なお、これらセリア/ディスプロ系安定化剤を用いたジルコニア素材で絞り金型を作製すると、ステンレス鋼板等の被ステンレス金属を絞り加工するときの熱的影響が著しく少なく、安定的な特性を維持することができる。   In addition, when a drawing die is made of a zirconia material using these ceria / displo stabilizers, the thermal effect when drawing a stainless steel plate such as a stainless steel plate is extremely small, and stable characteristics are maintained. be able to.

本発明のジルコニアとアルミナとカーボンとを含むセラミックスで作製した絞り金型によれば、被加工物のステンレス鋼との粒間置換反応が防止でき、さらに高摺動性(低摩擦係数)を有することから、著しく耐摩耗性に優れたものが得られる。   According to the squeezing die made of a ceramic containing zirconia, alumina and carbon according to the present invention, intergranular substitution reaction with the stainless steel of the work piece can be prevented, and furthermore, it has high slidability (low friction coefficient). For this reason, a material with extremely excellent wear resistance can be obtained.

これにより従来の超硬材と比較して、使用上何ら支障のない硬度、抗折強度および耐食性を有する絞り金型を得ることができる。
As a result, it is possible to obtain a drawing die having hardness, bending strength and corrosion resistance that does not hinder use in comparison with conventional cemented carbide.

この結果、長期に渡り腐食や摩耗が発生しない摺動部材、および耐摩耗部材として好適に用いることができる。   As a result, it can be suitably used as a sliding member that does not cause corrosion or wear over a long period of time and a wear-resistant member.

図2に示すように、絞り金型は、ダイス6と打ち抜きパンチ7とによって構成される。   As shown in FIG. 2, the drawing die is constituted by a die 6 and a punching punch 7.

そして、ニッケルメッキ鋼板1aをダイス6とこれに対応した打ち抜きパンチ7とによって円盤状に打ち抜き、絞り出す。打ち抜かれたステンレス鋼板はダイス6内に押し込まれる際に、切断面をダイス6の側面でシゴかれて打ち抜きに伴うバリ等が除去される。さらに打ち抜きパンチ7がダイス6内に進入し、打ち抜きパンチ7中央部の絞り用受け8と、ダイス6内の絞り用ポンチ9の上昇とに伴う絞り加工により、図2(b)に示すようなボタン型電池の円盤状の外装ケース1bが形成される。   Then, the nickel-plated steel sheet 1a is punched out into a disk shape by a die 6 and a punching punch 7 corresponding to the die 6 and squeezed out. When the punched stainless steel plate is pushed into the die 6, the cut surface is crushed by the side surface of the die 6 to remove burrs and the like accompanying the punching. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the punching punch 7 enters the die 6 and is drawn along with the drawing support 8 at the center of the punching punch 7 and the rise of the drawing punch 9 in the die 6. A disk-shaped outer case 1b of the button-type battery is formed.

本発明によれば、上記ダイス6、打ち抜きパンチ7等の部材を上述したようなジルコニアとアルミナとカーボンとを含むセラミックスで形成することにより、耐久性に優れた絞り金型を得ることができる。   According to the present invention, a drawing die having excellent durability can be obtained by forming members such as the die 6 and the punching punch 7 with ceramics containing zirconia, alumina, and carbon as described above.

上記のようにして得られた外装ケース1bをさらに変形させて図1に示すような正極外装ケース1とし、正極電池層3、セパレータ5、負極電池層4を収納して負極封口板2で覆うことによって、ボタン電池を形成する。   The outer case 1b obtained as described above is further deformed to form a positive electrode outer case 1 as shown in FIG. 1, and the positive electrode battery layer 3, the separator 5, and the negative electrode battery layer 4 are accommodated and covered with the negative electrode sealing plate 2. Thus, a button battery is formed.

以下に本発明を実施例で説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.

セリア/ディスプロ安定化剤を含むジルコニア粉末と高純度のアルミナ粉末とを所定の量比で配合し、15時間混合粉砕した。   A zirconia powder containing a ceria / displo stabilizer and a high-purity alumina powder were blended at a predetermined quantitative ratio, and mixed and ground for 15 hours.

これを乾燥後、パラフィンワックスを4重量%添加し、1.0ton/cmの圧力で加圧成形したものを大気雰囲気にて1300℃にて1時間焼成した後に、1500気圧にてHIP処理を施した。 After drying this, 4% by weight of paraffin wax was added and pressure-molded at a pressure of 1.0 ton / cm 2 baked at 1300 ° C. for 1 hour in an air atmosphere and then subjected to HIP treatment at 1500 atm. did.

前記焼結体を粉砕して、ICP(発光分光定量分析装置)により定量分析して得られた値と蛍光X線装置により定性・定量分析して得られた値とを比率換算したものを焼結体組成として表1〜表4に示す。また、同表に示す特性値は以下の方法で評価して得られたものである。   The sintered body is pulverized, and the value obtained by quantitative analysis with an ICP (Emission Spectrometric Quantitative Analysis Device) and the value obtained by qualitative / quantitative analysis with a fluorescent X-ray device are ratio-converted. It shows in Table 1-Table 4 as a body composition. The characteristic values shown in the table are obtained by evaluating by the following method.

得られた焼結体の表面を研削した後、抗折強度を測定した。   After grinding the surface of the obtained sintered body, the bending strength was measured.

また、鏡面研磨した後、ビッカース硬度、摩擦係数、耐摩耗性、抗折強度の測定を行なった。   Further, after mirror polishing, measurements of Vickers hardness, friction coefficient, abrasion resistance, and bending strength were performed.

抗折強度はJISR1601の3点曲げ試験法に従い、ビッカース硬度の測定はJISZ2244試験法に従った。   The bending strength was in accordance with the three-point bending test method of JISR1601, and the Vickers hardness was measured in accordance with the JISZ2244 test method.

摩擦係数の測定および耐摩耗性の評価は、図3に示すようにJISR1613試験方法で、ステンレス(SUS303)製のボール11を用い、各種材質のディスク10上に負荷荷重12を加えながら摺動させるボールオンディスク試験にて行なった。   As shown in FIG. 3, the friction coefficient is measured and the wear resistance is evaluated by a JIS R1613 test method, using a ball 11 made of stainless steel (SUS303) and sliding on a disk 10 made of various materials while applying a load 12. The ball-on-disk test was performed.

なお、摩擦係数(μ値=摩擦力(荷重0.5kg・速度0.17m/s・時間10min)/負
荷荷重値)と耐摩耗性の評価結果として、摺動部の摩耗痕が確認できないものは◎とし、摩耗痕の深さが1μm以下のものは○とし、深さが1μm以上のものは×とし、ステンレス(SUS303)ボールが凝着したものは△として表した。

Figure 0004936860
In addition, the friction coefficient (μ value = frictional force (load 0.5 kg, speed 0.17 m / s, time 10 min) / load load value) and wear resistance evaluation results where the wear marks on the sliding part cannot be confirmed In the case where the depth of the wear scar is 1 μm or less, it is indicated as “◯”, the case where the depth is 1 μm or more is indicated as “x”, and the case where the stainless (SUS303) ball is adhered is indicated as “Δ”.
Figure 0004936860

Figure 0004936860
Figure 0004936860

この結果として、耐食性に優れたジルコニアは表1の試料No.1〜3の一般的ジルコニアの様にアルミナの比率が5.2重量%以下であれば、表2の試料No.1〜3の様に
強度・硬度が低く、表1の試料No.9および試料No.10の一般的なアルミナはアルミナが24.0重量%を超え、表2の試料No.9・試料No.10の様に強度が著しく低下する。
As a result, the zirconia excellent in corrosion resistance is sample No. 1 in Table 1. If the alumina ratio is 5.2 % by weight or less like the general zirconia of 1 to 3 , the sample No. in Table 2 As of 1-3 anti
Folding strength and hardness are low, and sample No. 9 and sample no. The general alumina of 10 has alumina exceeding 24.0 % by weight. 9. Sample No. As in 10, the strength is significantly reduced.

安定化剤として添加する酸化ディスプロシウム(Dy)およびセリア(CeOにおいて酸化ディスプロシウム(Dy )が5.2重量%未満またはセリア(Ce
)が1.8重量%未満である、表1の試料No.1・試料No.3・試料No.8・試
料No.10、表2に示すよう抗折強度が著しく低下し、表1の試料No.7の様に、アルミナの比率が5.2重量%以上であっても、表2の試料No.7の様に抗折強度低下
る。
In dysprosium oxide to be added as a stabilizer (Dy 2 O 3) and ceria (CeO 2), dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3) is less than 5.2 wt%, or ceria (Ce
O 2 ) is less than 1.8% by weight . 1. Sample No. 3. Sample No. 8. Sample No. No. 10 has a significantly reduced bending strength as shown in Table 2. As shown in FIG. 7 , even if the alumina ratio was 5.2 % by weight or more, sample No. As shown in Fig. 7, the bending strength is reduced.
You.

炭化チタン(TiC)を0.4〜0.9重量%およびカーボンを0.9〜2.9重量%含有しない表1の試料No.1−3・試料No.7−10、表2に示すように試料No.1−3および試料No.7−10の摺動性が低下し、抗折強度が著しく低下する、つまり焼結性が著しく低下する。 Sample No. 1 in Table 1 containing 0.4 to 0.9 wt% titanium carbide (TiC) and 0.9 to 2.9 wt% carbon . 1 -3 Sample No. 7-10, the sample No. as shown in Table 2 1 -3 and Sample No. Decreases sliding resistance of 7 10, the bending strength is significantly reduced, i.e. sinterability is remarkably lowered.

よって、範囲外のものは不適である。   Therefore, those outside the range are unsuitable.

本発明の絞り金型を用いて外装ケースを製作したボタン電池を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the button battery which produced the exterior case using the aperture die of this invention. 本発明の絞り金型の構造を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the drawing die of this invention. 本発明の絞り金型を成す素材の耐摩耗性を評価した試験装置の概略図である。It is the schematic of the testing apparatus which evaluated the abrasion resistance of the raw material which comprises the drawing die of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1:正極外装ケース
2:負極封口板
3:正極電池層
4:負極電池層
5:セパレータ
6:ダイス
7:打ち抜きパンチ
8:絞り用受け
9:絞り用ポンチ
10:ディスク
11:ボール
12:負荷荷重
13:摺動面
1: Positive electrode outer case 2: Negative electrode sealing plate 3: Positive electrode battery layer 4: Negative electrode battery layer 5: Separator 6: Die 7: Punch punch 8: Receiving punch 9: Punch for drawing
10: Disk
11: Ball
12: Load load
13: Sliding surface

Claims (1)

アルミナ(Al)を5.2〜24.0重量%、酸化ディスプロシウム(Dyを5.2〜10.9重量%、セリア(CeOを1.8〜4.0重量%、炭化チタン(TiC)を0.4〜0.9重量%およびカーボンを0.9〜2.9重量%、残部がジ
ルコニア(ZrOからなる組成で抗折強度が165〜210kg/mm 、硬度が1580〜1800kg/mm かつ磨耗係数が0.13〜0.21であるセラミックスからなることを特徴とする絞り金型。
Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) 5.2 to 24.0 wt%, dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ) 5.2 to 10.9 wt%, and ceria (CeO 2 ) 1.8 to 4 .0 wt%, 0.4 to 0.9 wt% of titanium carbide (TiC) and 0.9 to 2.9 wt% of carbon, the composition and the balance of zirconia (ZrO 2), flexural strength 165 A drawing die comprising ceramics having a hardness of ˜210 kg / mm 2 , a hardness of 1580 to 1800 kg / mm 2 and a wear coefficient of 0.13 to 0.21.
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