JP4934001B2 - Direct seeding machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a direct seeder equipped with a powder and particle discharger such as a fertilizer application device, a seeding device, or a drug spraying device.

Conventionally, a plurality of granular material feeding parts are arranged in the left-right direction on the rear side of the seat of the traveling vehicle body, and a tank for storing the granular materials is provided above the granular material feeding part, and sent out from the granular material feeding part. There is known a direct seeding machine equipped with a granular material discharger that sends out the granular material to be blown out by blower from a blower and continuously discharges it to a field.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-9728

When direct sowing is performed with the direct sowing machine described in Patent Document 1, the germination rate is deteriorated unless the seeding depth for planting the seeds in the soil is precisely controlled, or the germination does not align and the yield is reduced. I know it will be. Therefore, there is a technique to ensure seeding depth by accelerating seeds with an impeller with improved groove and covering equipment to keep the seeding depth in the soil constant, but it depends on the soil conditions and moisture conditions in the field. The seeding depth has changed and the machine structure has become complicated.
Then, the subject of this invention is providing the direct seeding machine from which sowing depth becomes uniform.

The above-described problems of the present invention can be solved by the following solution means.
That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a direct sowing device (82) for seeding seeds in a farm is provided in a traveling vehicle. The direct sowing device (82) includes a seed tank (85) for storing seeds, A feeding section (87) for intermittently feeding seeds in the seed tank (85), and a transfer pipe (93, 95) for transporting seeds fed from the feeding section (87) to a seeding position in a field. In the direct seeder, the transfer pipes (93, 95) are pipes whose longitudinal direction is vertical, and are divided into a transfer upper side part (93) and a transfer lower side part (95), and the transfer upper side. An air supply part (97 , 99 ) for supplying pressurized air is provided in a gap provided between the part (93) and the lower transfer part (95), and the upper transfer part (97 , 99 ) of the transfer pipe (93, 95) ( 93) Transfer pipe axial center line and transfer lower side portion (95) The transfer pipes (93, 95) are arranged so that the axial center line is positioned in a straight line, and the gap is the entire circumference of the transfer pipe (93, 95) and around the transfer pipe axial center line. A pneumatic uniform box (94) that is formed with a uniform width, covers the entire outer periphery of the gap, and supplies air from the air supply unit (97, 99) as a pressurized air to the gap. The lower end of the portion (93) penetrates the ceiling surface of the air pressure equalizing box (94) and enters the air pressure equalizing box (94), and the upper end of the lower transfer side portion (95) is the air pressure equalizing box (94). The upper transfer side portion (93) is provided so as to pass through the bottom surface and enter the air pressure equality box (94) and with a wide opening (95a) provided at the upper end of the lower transfer side portion (95). ), The clearance around the entire circumference of the transfer pipe (93, 95) And the feeding portion (87) is provided in the left-right direction in the forward direction of the traveling vehicle, and the transfer pipes (93, 95) and the air pressure equalizing box (94) are A plurality of feeding units (87) are provided corresponding to each feeding unit (87), and are sequentially conveyed from the plurality of feeding units (87) to the upper transfer side portion (93) and lower transfer side portion (95) of each transfer pipe (93, 95). Various child conduits (91) through which the seeds are guided are provided, and the air supply section (97, 99) distributes air to each air pressure equalizing box (94) and supplies the air branch pipe (97), This is a direct seeder composed of a blower (99) for supplying air to the air branch pipe (97) .

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the seed is transferred by the transfer pipe (93, 95) by the pressure air supplied to the gap provided between the transfer upper part (93) and the transfer lower part (95). ) Is accelerated at the lower transfer side portion (95), so that seeds can be driven into the field, and a desired sowing depth and a desired spot sowing distribution can be obtained.

Moreover , the pressure air can be supplied from the entire outer periphery of the gap provided between the upper transfer side portion (93) and the lower transfer portion (95) by the air pressure equalizing box (94). It can be properly oriented in the direction of seed transfer without disturbance in the lower side portion (95), and can efficiently accelerate seed transfer with a simple structure to drive seeds into the field, further sowing depth and spot distribution Can be optimized.

In addition , when the seed is transferred from the upper transfer side portion (93) to the lower transfer side portion (95) in the transfer pipe (93, 95), the seed transfer direction does not change, so that the transfer of seeds is favorably accelerated by the pressure air. It is possible to optimize the sowing depth and spot distribution.
The upper transfer side portion (93) and the lower transfer side portion (95) of the transfer pipe (93, 95) are directed vertically and supplied to the lower transfer side portion (95) of the transfer pipe (93, 95). The seed air flowing through the upper transfer side portion (93) is stable toward the soil without coming into contact with the inner wall of the lower transfer side portion (95). Can be sent out at high speed.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The direct sowing machine of this embodiment is a direct sowing machine in a riding four-wheel drive mode, and FIG. 1 shows a left side view of a riding direct sowing machine with a fertilizer application device. A direct sowing device 82 is mounted on the rear side of the traveling vehicle body 2 via the lifting link device 3 so as to be movable up and down, and a main body portion of the fertilizer application device 5 is provided on the rear upper side of the traveling vehicle body 2. In this specification, the left and right directions are set to the left and right, respectively, in the forward direction of the direct seeding machine, the forward direction is set to the front, and the reverse direction is set to the rear.

  The traveling vehicle body 2 is a four-wheel drive vehicle provided with a pair of left and right front wheels 10 and 10 and rear wheels 11 and 11 as drive wheels. A mission case 12 is disposed at the front of the fuselage. Front wheel final cases 13, 13 are provided on the left and right sides of the front wheel, and the front wheels 10, 10 are attached to a front wheel axle that protrudes outward from a front wheel support portion that can change the steering direction of the front wheel final case 13. . Further, the front end portion of the main frame 15 is fixed to the rear portion of the transmission case 12, and a rear wheel rolling shaft (not shown) provided horizontally in the front and rear at the center of the rear end of the main frame 15 is used as a fulcrum. The rear wheel gear cases 18 and 18 are supported in a freely rolling manner, and the rear wheels 11 and 11 are attached to a rear wheel axle that protrudes outward from the rear wheel gear cases 18 and 18.

  The engine 20 as a prime mover is mounted on the main frame 15, and the rotational power of the engine 20 is transmitted to the transmission case 12 through the first belt transmission device 21 and the second belt transmission device 23. The rotational power transmitted to the mission case 12 is shifted by a transmission in the case 12 and then separated into traveling power and external power to be extracted. A part of the traveling power is transmitted to the front wheel final cases 13 and 13 to drive the front wheels 10 and 10, and the rest is transmitted to the rear wheel gear cases 18 and 18 to drive the rear wheels 11 and 11. Further, the external take-out power is transmitted to a clutch case 25 provided at the rear portion of the traveling vehicle body 2, and is transmitted to the fertilizer application device 5 by the fertilizer transmission mechanism 28.

  The upper part of the engine 20 is covered with an engine cover 30, and a seat 31 is installed thereon. A bonnet 32 incorporating various operation mechanisms is provided in front of the seat 31, and a handle 34 for steering the front wheels 10, 10 is provided above the bonnet 32. The engine cover 30 and the bonnet 32 have horizontal floor steps 35 on the left and right sides of the lower end. The rear portion of the floor step 35 is a rear step 36 that also serves as a rear wheel fender.

  The elevating link device 3 has a parallel link configuration, and includes one upper link 40 and a pair of left and right lower links 41, 41. These links 40, 41, 41 are pivotally attached to a rear-view portal-shaped link base frame 42 erected on the rear end of the main frame 15, and a vertical link 43 is connected to the tip side thereof. ing. An elevating hydraulic cylinder 46 is provided between a support member fixed to the main frame 15 and a tip end of a swing arm 45 formed integrally with the upper link 40. The link 40 rotates up and down, and the direct seeding device 82 moves up and down while maintaining a substantially constant posture.

  A center float 55 and side floats 56, 56 are provided at the lower part of the direct seeding device 82. When the aircraft is advanced with these floats 55 and 56 in contact with the mud surface of the field, the floats 55 and 56 slide while leveling the mud surface, and seeds are sown by the direct sowing device 82,. . Each float 55, 56, 56 is pivotally attached so that the front end side moves up and down according to the unevenness of the field topsoil surface, and the vertical movement of the front part of the center float 55 is detected as a vertical movement detection mechanism 57 during direct sowing work. By switching the hydraulic valve that controls the lifting hydraulic cylinder 46 according to the detection result, the direct sowing apparatus 82 is raised and lowered, so that the seed sowing depth is always maintained constant.

  The fertilizer applicator 5 includes a fertilizer feeding part (powder body feeding part) 61 provided with a plurality of fertilizers (powder bodies) stored in a fertilizer storage tank (powder body storage tank) 60 in the left-right direction of the traveling vehicle body 2. ,... Are fed out by a certain amount, and the fertilizer is guided to fertilizer guides (not shown) attached to the left and right sides of the floats 55, 56, 56 with fertilizer hose (powder transfer hose) 62,. ,... Are discharged into a fertilization groove formed in the vicinity of the side portion of the sowing line by a sowing groover 64 provided on the front side. Pressure air generated by a blower (not shown) driven by a motor (not shown) is blown into the fertilizer hose 62,... Via a long air chamber 69 in the left-right direction, and the fertilizer in the fertilizer hose 62,. Is forcibly transferred to the fertilizer outlet on the planting side.

  Further, in the support structure of the leveling rotors 27a and 27b, a beam member whose upper ends are rotatably supported by both side members of a rectangular support frame body 65 including support rods in the left and right direction and both side members extending in the vertical direction. 66, a support arm 67 fixed to both ends of the beam member 66, and a rotor support frame 68 rotatably attached to the support arm 67 are provided. A drive shaft (not shown) of the leveling rotor 27a is attached to the lower end of the rotor support frame 68. The rotor 27 b in front of the center float 55 is disposed in front of the rotor 27 a in front of the side float 56. The rotor 27b is suspended by a pair of link members 76 and 77 whose upper ends are supported by the beam member 66 via a spring 78. The leveling rotors 27 a and 27 b can be moved up and down by the rotor vertical position adjusting lever 81.

  The direct seeding device 82 of the direct seeding machine of the present embodiment has the configuration shown in the side view of the direct seeding device in FIG. 1, the enlarged side view of the direct seeding device 82 portion in FIG. 2, and the rear view of the direct seeding device 82 portion in FIG. . The direct sowing apparatus 82 includes a seed feeding portion 87 for feeding seeds from an upper seed tank 85, a seed funnel 88 for feeding and guiding seeds, and a discharge cylinder for discharging the seeds fed and guided from the seed funnel 88 downward by air conveyance. 90, a seed conduit 91 and the like, and is supported by a frame 89 extending in the left-right direction. The discharge cylinder 90 is connected to the first transfer pipe 93 connected to the seed funnel 88, the air pressure uniform box 94 having a relatively large volume connected to the lower side of the first transfer pipe 93, and the lower side of the box 94. An air distribution pipe 97 for supplying air into the box 94 for conveying seeds and a blower for supplying air to the air distribution pipe 97. 99.

  The opening at the lower end of the first transfer pipe 93 penetrates the ceiling surface of the air pressure equalizing box 94 and enters the box 94, and the opening at the upper end of the second transfer pipe 95 is the air pressure equalizing box 94. And penetrates into the inside of the box 94. The upper end of the second transfer pipe 95 has a wide opening 95a, and the opening at the lower end of the first transfer pipe 93 is inserted into the wide opening 95a.

  The first transfer pipe 93 and the second transfer pipe 95 are arranged so that the vertical center axes of the first transfer pipe 93 and the second transfer pipe 95 of the discharge cylinder 90 are the same axis line. The gap provided between the lower end opening of the second transfer pipe 95 and the upper end opening of the second transfer pipe 95 is formed with a uniform width around the pipe center axis.

  Therefore, when the air introduced from the air distribution pipe 97 to the air pressure equalizing box 94 flows from the gap (the venturi section) between the lower end opening of the first transfer pipe 93 and the upper end opening of the second transfer pipe 95, the air speed is high. Since it flows out as a pressure wind, mixing of seeds and air is performed without confusion, and the seeds flowing down through the first transfer pipe 93 are stable toward the soil without contacting the inner wall in the second transfer pipe 95. Can be sent out at high speed.

A seed conduit 91 is provided around the lower end opening of the second transfer pipe 95 at an interval. The seed conduit 91 has a U-shape with a horizontal opening in the rear opening, and the width is narrowed from the top to the bottom in a side view.
As described above, the discharge cylinder 90 and the seed conduit 91 are arranged so that the seed supplied from the seed hopper 85 via the feeding portion 87 is difficult to contact the seed conduit 91 and the like.

  In direct sowing with a direct sowing device of a conventional direct sowing machine, unless the seed sowing depth is precisely controlled, the germination rate of seeds will not be reduced or germination will not be achieved, and a stable yield will not be obtained. There are techniques to improve the ditching and soil covering device to keep the seeding depth constant or to accelerate the seeds with an impeller to secure the seeding depth, but the seeding depth changes depending on the soil conditions and moisture conditions in the field. The structure of the machine was complicated.

  However, when the direct sowing device 82 of the present embodiment is used, the air supplied from the air distribution pipe 97 is directed vertically from above to below, and in order to ensure the seed sowing depth, the seed flow is controlled by airflow. Seeds can be driven into the soil with an accelerated flow velocity.

  Below the direct seeding device 82, floats 55 and 56 that are suspended below the sowing frame 100 and are grounded and slid on the soil surface are arranged, and on both sides of the floats 55 and 56. Since a pair of sowing grooves 64 and a pair of cover plates 59 that fill the grooves in the field formed by the sowing grooves 64 are provided, the seeds placed on the seeds in the grooves of the fields are covered. 59 can be covered with soil.

Thus, the direct seeding machine of the present embodiment has the following characteristic points.
(1) Accelerate with air flow to ensure seed sowing depth and drive seeds into the soil. In addition, the air flow eliminates moisture in the field and stabilizes the conditions for seeds to enter the soil.
(2) A box 94 is provided that secures a space around the venturi so that the air pressure is uniform so that the seeds merge with the air without confusion.
(3) The feeding unit 87, the funnel 88, the discharge cylinder (conduit 93, 95) 90 and the seed conduit 91 are arranged vertically so that the seed supplied from the seed feeding unit 87 is less likely to contact the conduits 93, 95 and the like.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention has high applicability as a working machine equipped with a direct seeding device that is a discharger for various fertilizers, direct seeding or drug sprayers including rice transplanters.

It is a side view of the direct seeding machine of one Example of this invention. It is a side view of the direct seeding apparatus part of the direct seeding machine of FIG. It is a rear view of the direct sowing apparatus part of the direct sowing machine of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

2 traveling vehicle body 3 lifting link device 5 fertilizer 10 front wheel 11 rear wheel 12 mission case 13 front wheel final case 15 main frame 18 rear wheel gear case 20 engine
21 First belt transmission device 23 Second belt transmission device 25 Clutch case 27 (27a, 27b) Leveling rotor
28 Fertilizer transmission mechanism 30 Engine cover
31 seat 32 bonnet 34 handle 35 floor step
36 Rear step 40 Upper link
41 Lower link 42 Link base frame 43 Vertical link 45 Swing arm 46 Elevating hydraulic cylinder 55 Center float 56 Side float 57 Vertical motion detection mechanism 59 Covering plate 60 Fertilizer storage tank 61 Fertilizer feeding part 62 Fertilizer hose
64 Grower for sowing 65 Support frame 66 Beam member 67 Support arm 68 Rotor support frame 69 Air chamber 76 First link member 77 Second link member 78 Spring 81 Rotor vertical position adjustment lever 82 Direct seeding device 85 Seed tank 87 Seed feeding Part 88 Seed funnel 89 Frame 90 Discharge tube 91 Seed conduit 93 First transfer pipe 94 Air pressure equal box 95 Second transfer pipe 97 Air distribution pipe 99 Blower 100 Seeding frame

Claims (1)

A direct sowing device (82) for sowing seeds in a field is provided in a traveling vehicle, and in the direct sowing device (82), a seed tank (85) for storing seeds and seeds in the seed tank (85) are intermittently provided. In a direct sowing machine provided with a feeding part (87) that automatically feeds, and a transfer pipe (93, 95) for transferring seeds fed from the feeding part (87) to a seeding position in a field,
The transfer pipe (93, 95) is a pipe whose longitudinal direction is vertical, and is divided into a transfer upper side part (93) and a transfer lower side part (95), and the transfer upper side part (93). And an air supply part (97 , 99 ) for supplying pressurized air to a gap provided between the lower part and the lower transfer side part (95) ,
Transfer so that the transfer pipe axial center line of the transfer upper side portion (93) of the transfer pipe (93, 95) and the transfer pipe axial center line of the transfer lower side portion (95) are positioned in a straight line. The pipes (93, 95) are disposed, and the gap is formed with a uniform width around the transfer pipe axial center line along the entire circumference of the transfer pipe (93, 95). Covering the air pressure equalizing box (94) for supplying the air from the air supply section (97, 99) as the pressure air to the gap, the lower end of the transfer upper side part (93) of the air pressure equalizing box (94) Passes through the ceiling surface and enters the air pressure equalization box (94), and the upper end of the lower transfer side portion (95) penetrates the bottom surface of the air pressure equalization box (94) and enters the air pressure equalization box (94). Wide opening provided at the upper end of the lower transfer side portion (95) By causing enter the lower end of the transport upstream side portion spaced between (93) to 95a) configured to air pressure becomes uniform in the entire circumference of the gap of the transfer tube (93, 95),
A plurality of the feeding parts (87) are provided in the left-right direction in the forward direction of the traveling vehicle, and a plurality of the transfer pipes (93, 95) and a pneumatic equality box (94) are provided corresponding to each feeding part (87). Various child conduits (91) that are provided and from which the seeds conveyed in order to the upper transfer side portion (93) and lower transfer side portion (95) of each transfer pipe (93, 95) are guided from a plurality of feeding portions (87) Provided,
The air supply unit (97, 99) includes an air branch pipe (97) that distributes and supplies air to each air pressure equalizing box (94), and a blower (99) that supplies air to the air branch pipe (97). ) Direct sowing machine.

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