JP4929989B2 - Wax for toner, toner and image forming method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a toner wax used as a release agent for a toner used in an electrophotographic method, an electrostatic recording method, a magnetic recording method, and a toner jet method, a toner containing the toner wax as a release agent, and The present invention relates to an image forming method using toner.

  In a copying machine, a facsimile receiving apparatus, a printer that outputs data from a computer, and the like, an electrophotographic method or an electrostatic recording method has been widely used as a method for obtaining a copy or recorded image. Typical examples of copying machines and printers using the electrophotographic method or electrostatic recording method include electrophotographic copying machines, laser beam printers, printers using liquid crystal arrays, and electrostatic printers. In the electrophotographic method or the electrostatic recording method, an electrostatic latent image (electrostatic charge image) is formed on an electrostatic charge image carrier such as an electrophotographic photosensitive member or an electrostatic recording member by various means, and this is used as a developer. The resulting toner image is transferred to a transfer material such as paper as necessary, and fixed by heating, pressing, heating and pressing, or solvent vapor to obtain a final toner image, while electrostatic charge Toner remaining without being transferred onto the image bearing member is removed by a cleaning means, and the above steps are repeated again to obtain a copy or a recorded matter sequentially. As a method for obtaining an image or a recorded image using toner, in addition to the method using an electrostatic latent image, a magnetic latent image is formed on a magnetic recording material, and the magnetic latent image is developed using a magnetic toner. In addition, a magnetic recording method for obtaining a toner image, or a toner jet method for forming a toner image by flying the toner using the electrical characteristics of the toner are also known.

  By the way, as a method for developing the electrostatic image, a method using a liquid developer composed of fine toner dispersed in an electrically insulating liquid, a colorant, a magnetic material, and the like are dispersed in a binder resin. A method using powder toner together with carrier particles, a method using magnetic toner in which a magnetic material is dispersed in a binder resin, and developing without using carrier particles are known. Among these methods, in recent years, a dry development method using powder toner or magnetic toner is mainly employed.

  In recent years, electrophotographic copying machines, printers, and the like have become smaller and more personalized, and at the same time, higher speed has been required, and further reduction in energy has been required. Accordingly, various attempts have been made to improve these devices in order to obtain a reliable and high-quality image stably at high speed and low energy over a long period of time by a mechanism as simple as possible. In addition to such improvements in the apparatus, various attempts have been made to improve the toner used for development.

  For example, as an apparatus for fixing toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, a heat and pressure fixing apparatus using a heating roller, a roll-shaped or long heat-resistant film, a so-called fixing belt, and a fixing belt are used. 2. Description of the Related Art A heat and pressure fixing apparatus that conveys a belt and a transfer sheet while pressing a transfer sheet from the back with a pressure roller while facing a heating body and a transfer sheet developing surface and fixing the heat and pressure is widely used. In recent years, the heat source of the heating roller tends to be replaced by electromagnetic induction heating (IH) capable of saving power and saving power from a halogen lamp.

  In these methods, when the toner image is fixed, the heating roller or the fixing belt is in direct contact with the toner image, so that heat is efficiently propagated to the toner. For this reason, the toner is melted quickly and smoothly with low energy. be able to. However, in such a method of fixing by heating and pressurizing, the molten toner and the heat roller or fixing belt are in direct contact with each other at the time of fixing, so that part of the molten toner is heated or fixed. When the transfer roller adheres to the surface of the belt and the heat roller or the fixing belt comes into contact with the transfer body such as paper again, the transfer toner adheres to the transfer body again, or when there is no transfer body, a heat roller or the like There is a problem that the toner transferred and adhered to the pressure roll is transferred to the pressure roll and causes a so-called offset phenomenon such that the next transfer body adheres to the back surface of the transfer body when passing through the fixing device, and the transfer body is soiled. In order to eliminate this toner offset, an anti-offset liquid such as silicone oil is supplied to the transfer roller or the like, but there are problems such as paper stickiness and complicated apparatus.

  In contrast, it has been proposed that the toner itself contains a releasable substance, melts the releasable substance by heating during fixing, and supplies a releasable liquid from the toner to prevent the toner offset phenomenon. A number of waxes such as low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, hydrocarbon waxes, natural waxes, modified waxes obtained by modifying these have been proposed as such releasable substances (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 5). Attempts have also been made to further improve the fixability by adding a plurality of types of waxes (see, for example, Patent Document 6). However, these waxes added for imparting releasability to the toner are not compatible with the binder resin in the first place and are difficult to uniformly disperse in the toner. In addition, if a large amount of wax is added to the toner to prevent the toner offset phenomenon, the wax is unevenly distributed and the wax is liberated when the toner is finely pulverized. Filming to particles or the like occurs, resulting in deterioration of a developed image, and problems such as a decrease in toner fluidity and blocking. Further, low molecular weight polyethylene and low molecular weight polypropylene have a problem that the melting point is as high as 100 ° C. or higher, and the low-temperature fixability cannot be sufficiently achieved.

  Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a demand for a toner having a smaller particle size and higher functionality in response to demands for higher image quality and higher resolution of electrophotographic images. In order to cope with this, a method for producing a toner by a polymerization method has attracted attention. As a method for producing a toner by a polymerization method, a colorant is contained in a polymerizable monomer that is a raw material of a binder resin, and further, a polymerization initiator, a dispersant, a crosslinking agent, a charge control agent, a release agent, if necessary. An aqueous dispersion containing a dispersion stabilizer prepared in advance by preparing a polymerizable monomer composition by dissolving or dispersing a polar resin and other additives Put into the medium and granulate fine particles by using a stirrer, then polymerize the polymerizable monomer in the granulated particles to solidify the particles, filter, wash and dry Toner particles having a particle size and composition of

  The toner using the above polymerization method is a toner having a small particle size with a sharp particle size distribution and can obtain an image with excellent image quality. However, in the suspension polymerization method in an aqueous dispersion medium, There is a problem that it is difficult to control the dispersion state of the wax existing in the resin.

  Therefore, an electrostatic charge image developing toner excellent in blocking resistance and offset resistance, free from problems such as pulverization during toner production and uneven distribution of wax during polymerization, and excellent in chargeability and low-temperature fixability, and this There is a demand for a wax capable of forming a toner having such excellent characteristics. There is also a need for an image forming method that can stably form a good quality toner-fixed image for a long period of time without offset even when no offset preventing liquid is used.

  Further, such a demand is not limited to image formation using toner for developing an electrostatic image. As described above, a magnetic recording method, a toner jet method, and the like are known as a method for forming an image using toner. However, even in such an image forming method, there are problems with the toner for developing an electrostatic image. There is a similar problem, and there is a demand for a release agent having excellent characteristics, a toner containing the same, and an image forming method using the toner.

Japanese Patent Publication No.52-3304 JP-A-10-73951 JP-A-10-125095 JP 2000-321815 A JP 2003-84483 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-28789

  An object of the present invention is to provide a toner wax that does not have the above-mentioned problems, a toner using the toner wax, and an image forming method using the toner.

  That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a toner wax capable of forming a toner excellent in low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, fluidity, blocking resistance, and charging characteristics.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a toner having excellent low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, fluidity, blocking resistance, and charging characteristics.

  Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a toner wax capable of aligning the above characteristics without contradiction and having excellent toner pulverization properties and wax dispersion control properties, and a toner containing the toner wax. It is in.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method capable of stably forming a good quality toner image over a long period without offset even when no offset preventing liquid is used.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the conventional problems, the present inventors have a normal paraffin content of 35 to 65 as a release agent in a toner containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent. By using a hydrocarbon wax having a mass% and a melting point of 60 to 90 ° C., it is excellent in low-temperature fixability, blocking resistance and offset resistance, and can stably copy or record images having a desired density for a long period of time. The present invention has been made by finding that the toner can be obtained and that there is no problem of toner pulverization property and wax dispersibility during the production of the toner.

  That is, the present invention relates to the following wax (1) to (9) for toner, toner, and an image forming method.

(1) The wax used as the release agent of the toner containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent has a normal paraffin content of 35 to 65% by mass and a hydrocarbon having 29 or less carbon atoms A toner wax characterized by comprising a hydrocarbon wax having a melting point of 60 to 90 ° C. and having a compound content of 1% by mass or less .

( 2 ) The wax for toner according to (1) above, wherein the hydrocarbon wax has a penetration of 12 to 20.

( 3 ) In a toner containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent, the release agent contains a normal paraffin content of 35 to 65% by mass and contains a hydrocarbon compound having 29 or less carbon atoms. A toner comprising a hydrocarbon wax having a melting point of 60 to 90 ° C. and having a rate of 1% by mass or less .

( 4 ) The toner according to (3) , wherein the hydrocarbon wax has a penetration of 12 to 20.

( 5 ) The toner according to (3) or (4) above, wherein the binder resin is a polyester resin.

( 6 ) The toner according to (3) or (4 ), wherein the binder resin is a styrene resin.

( 7 ) A latent image forming step of forming an electrostatic latent image or a magnetic latent image on a latent image carrier, and developing the latent image with the toner according to any one of ( 3 ) to ( 6 ) A toner image forming step for forming an image; a transfer step for transferring the toner image onto a transfer member; and a fixing step for fixing the toner image transferred onto the transfer member by heating and pressing. An image forming method.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The toner wax (toner release agent wax) of the present invention has a normal paraffin content of 35 to 65% by mass, a hydrocarbon compound having 29 or less carbon atoms , and a content of 1% by mass or less. It consists of 1 type of hydrocarbon wax whose melting | fusing point is 60-90 degreeC. The remaining components other than the normal paraffin of the toner wax of the present invention are mainly or entirely made of isoparaffin. The content of normal paraffin is preferably 40 to 60% by mass, more preferably 44 to 57% by mass. When the content of normal paraffin in the hydrocarbon wax exceeds 65% by mass, the dispersibility of the hydrocarbon wax in the toner or the binder resin is deteriorated. In particular, when a polyester resin is used as the binder resin, there is a problem that the wax becomes incompatible. On the other hand, when the normal paraffin content of the hydrocarbon wax is less than 35% by mass, the wax itself becomes soft, and the toner components are fixed and fused in the pulverizer during the production of the toner, so that pulverization is difficult. The problem that becomes. Further, the wax for toner of the present invention contains 60 to 35% by mass of a hydrocarbon component other than normal paraffin mainly or wholly made of isoparaffin, thereby greatly improving dispersibility in the binder resin. This effect is particularly effective when a polyester resin is used. In the toner wax of the present invention, the total amount of normal paraffin and isoparaffin is usually 90% by mass or more, and cycloparaffin or the like is contained as the remaining component.

  Further, the melting point of the hydrocarbon wax for toner of the present invention is preferably 60 to 90 ° C. from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability and offset resistance, more preferably 70 to 85 ° C., and still more preferably 73 to 83. ° C. If the melting point of the hydrocarbon wax is lower than 60 ° C., an offset is likely to occur during fixing, resulting in a problem of deterioration in storage stability (storage stability) as a toner. On the other hand, when the temperature is higher than 90 ° C., it is impossible to meet the demand for low temperature fixability.

  In the toner wax of the present invention, the content of the hydrocarbon compound having 29 or less carbon atoms is preferably 1% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or less. When the content of the hydrocarbon compound having 29 or less carbon atoms exceeds 1% by mass, the problem of toner fluidity and the problem of toner blocking during storage are increased, which is not preferable. Furthermore, the content of hydrocarbons having 30 to 44 carbon atoms is preferably 80 to 87% by mass, and the content of hydrocarbons having 45 or more carbon atoms is preferably 13 to 20% by mass. The sum total of hydrocarbons having 29 or less carbon atoms, 30 to 44 carbon atoms, and 45 or more carbon atoms is 100% by mass.

  The toner of the present invention includes the hydrocarbon wax for toner, and the content of the hydrocarbon wax for toner in the toner is 1 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component in the toner. It is preferably ˜20 parts by mass, and more preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass. When the content of the wax for toner is less than 1 part by mass, the effect as a release agent is hardly exhibited, and when it exceeds 20 parts by mass, the toner is softened by the wax, and the problem of filming by the wax at the time of development and cleaning is caused. Fluidity, toner blocking problems during storage, and the like occur.

  The toner wax of the present invention can be produced, for example, from petroleum wax as follows. That is, crude oil is first divided into fractions by distillation. Among these, the wax solid at room temperature separated from the vacuum distillation effluent is called paraffin wax, and the wax solid at room temperature separated from the vacuum distillation residue oil or heavy distillate oil is microcrystalline wax ( Micro-wax), semi-solid wax separated from vacuum distillation residue oil at room temperature is called petrolactam, and these are collectively called petroleum wax. These paraffin wax and mylocrystalline wax can be further purified by a method of separating and removing a low melting point component using a press sweating method or a solvent deoiling method. The toner wax of the present invention is produced by selectively producing a suitable wax from paraffin-based crude oil according to the content and melting point of normal paraffin and further refining it.

More specifically, the wax for toner of the present invention includes, for example, Barico BW3250 (manufactured by Toyo Petrolite), which is a high melting point paraffin wax, B Square (BE SQARE) 175A, which is a low melting point micro wax, Victory ( By adjusting the processing conditions of the solvent extraction method or the press sweating method, which is a method for producing petroleum hydrocarbons such as PICTORY (both made by Toyo Petrolite), a wax having the above characteristics can be formed. it can.
In the above description, the method for producing the toner wax of the present invention from petroleum wax has been described. Of course, the toner wax of the present invention can also be produced from synthetically produced wax.

  As the binder resin used in the toner of the present invention, any conventionally known binder resin for toner can be used. Examples of binder resins that can be used include homopolymers of styrene such as polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene, polyvinyltoluene, and the like; and styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymers, styrene-vinyltoluene. Copolymer, styrene-vinyl naphthalene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-α-chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene -Vinylmethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, etc. Styrene copolymer; Poly Vinyl chloride, phenol resin, natural modified phenol resin, natural resin modified maleic acid resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, silicone resin, polyester resin, polyurethane, polyamide resin, furan resin, epoxy resin, xylene resin, polyvinyl butyral Terpene resin, coumarone indene resin, petroleum resin and the like. A crosslinked styrene copolymer is also a preferred binder resin.

  In the styrene copolymer included in the styrene polymer, the comonomer for the styrene monomer may be, for example, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, acrylic acid- Monocarboxylic acid having a double bond such as 2-ethylhexyl, phenyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, or a substituted product thereof; , Dicarboxylic acids having a double bond such as maleic acid, methyl maleate, butyl maleate, dimethyl maleate and the like; and substituted products thereof; for example, vinyl esters such as vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate; For example, vinyl monomers such as ethylene olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butylene; vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone and vinyl hexyl ketone; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether; can give. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

As a crosslinking agent used when producing a crosslinked styrene-based copolymer, a compound having two or more polymerizable double bonds is mainly used. For example, aromatic divinyl such as divinylbenzene and divinylnaphthalene. Compound; carboxylic acid ester having two double bonds such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate; divinyl compound such as divinylaniline, divinyl ether, divinyl sulfide and divinyl sulfone; And compounds having three or more vinyl groups are used alone or as a mixture. The styrenic polymer has at least one peak in the region of 3 × 10 ^{3 to} 5 × 10 ⁴ in the molecular weight distribution measured by GPC, and at least one other peak or shoulder in the region of 10 ⁵ or more. The styrenic copolymer is preferred from the standpoint of fixability.

  In producing the vinyl polymer, a polymerization initiator is used. Any conventionally known polymerization initiator can be used. Examples of the polymerization initiator include benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, tertiary butyl peroxybenzoate, ditertiary butyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, dicumyl peroxide, azo Isobutyronitrile, azobisvaleronitrile, and the like are preferably used conventionally. The use ratio of the polymerization initiator to the vinyl monomer is generally 0.2 to 5% by mass. The polymerization temperature is appropriately selected according to the type of monomer and initiator used.

  On the other hand, a polyester resin is also preferable as the toner binder resin of the present invention. Examples of the alcohol component constituting the polyester resin include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and 1,5-pentane. Diols such as diol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, hydrogenated bisphenyl A, and bisphenol derivatives represented by the following general formula 3, glycerin, sorbit, sorbitan Polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane are preferred.

（式中、Ｒはエチレンまたはプロピレン基であり、ｘ、ｙはそれぞれ１以上の整数であり、かつｘ＋ｙの平均値は２〜１０である。）

(In the formula, R is an ethylene or propylene group, x and y are each an integer of 1 or more, and the average value of x + y is 2 to 10.)

  Examples of the acid component include divalent carboxylic acids such as benzene dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and phthalic anhydride or anhydrides thereof; alkyls such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, and azelaic acid. Dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof; and succinic acid or anhydrides further substituted with an alkyl group having 16 to 18 carbon atoms; unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as fumaric acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, or anhydrides thereof; On the other hand, preferable examples of the trivalent or higher carboxylic acid serving as a crosslinking component include trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid, and anhydrides thereof.

  A preferred alcohol component is a bisphenol derivative represented by the above general formula 3, and a preferred acid component is phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid or its anhydride, succinic acid, n-dodecenyl succinic acid or its anhydride, fumaric acid, Dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid and maleic anhydride, and tricarboxylic acids such as trimellitic acid or its anhydride.

  Further, as the crosslinking component of the polyester resin, in addition to using the above-described trivalent or higher carboxylic acid and trivalent or higher polyhydric alcohols, urethane cross-linking (isocyanate cross-linking) using a polyvalent isocyanate compound is also preferable. .

  Furthermore, as the polyester resin, a urethane-modified polyester resin is also preferable. The urethane-modified polyester resin can be obtained by adding a polyvalent isocyanate compound to a polyester resin and mixing and reacting them by melt kneading. The cross-linking reaction using polyvalent isocyanate is performed by addition reaction between hydroxyl group and isocyanate group in the polyester resin, and obtains urethane bond. It is very reactive, especially in short reaction time in the melt-kneading process. It is a suitable compound for crosslinking to a molecular weight or increasing the molecular weight.

  The polyvalent isocyanate compound is a compound having a divalent or higher isocyanate group, and examples include diisocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, and tetramethylene diisocyanate. .

  The acid value of the polyester resin is preferably 40 mgKOH / g or less as a toner. An acid value of 40 mgKOH / g or less is preferable because it can prevent a significant decrease in frictional chargeability after standing for a long time under high humidity. When it is 30 mgKOH / g or less, the triboelectric charging property with the increase in the number of copies is stabilized, which is more preferable. In particular, in the case of a polyester resin in which the acid value of the toner falls within the range of 1 to 20 mg KOH / g, the triboelectric chargeability does not decrease even after being left for a long time under high humidity. It is preferable because the charging amount is completely restored, the charging speed is good, and the charging amount does not gradually increase as the number of copies increases.

  In the present invention, the acid value can be measured according to the method of JIS K-0070. The acid value is represented by the number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1 g of toner. However, when the toner contains a magnetic substance, the residue obtained by eluting the magnetic substance with an acid is 1 g of toner.

  In the present invention, a hybrid resin in which a vinyl polymer unit and a polyester unit are chemically bonded, such as a graft copolymer using a vinyl polymer as a trunk polymer and a polyester unit as a branch polymer, is also used. be able to. As the vinyl resin, a monomer having a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group is preferably contained as a polymerization unit. As other polymerization units, the monomers exemplified in the vinyl polymer are used as appropriate. Furthermore, as a monomer component which forms a polyester unit, the said alcohol component, acid component, etc. which are used in order to manufacture a polyester resin are used. For these hybrid resins, for example, the production method described in Patent Document 5 can be referred to.

  In the present invention, the binder resin is preferably 40 to 95 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the toner.

  The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the binder resin is preferably in the range of 50 to 70 ° C. In the present invention, the glass transition temperature (Tg) is an extension of the baseline below Tg when measured with a differential heating calorimeter (DSC-50, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) at a heating rate of 20 ° C./min. The value of the intersection with the tangent of the endothermic curve near Tg was determined and measured.

  As the colorant that can be used in the toner of the present invention, any colorant known to be used in the production of conventional toners can be used. Examples of these colorants include fatty acid metal salts, carbon black, phthalocyanine, rhodamine, quinacridone, triarylmethane, anthraquinone, azo, and diazo dyes.

  Examples of the colorant used in the toner used for forming a full-color image by color include, for example, C.I. I solvent red 1, 3, 8, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 49, 81, 82, 83, 84, 100, 109, 121; I. Disper thread 9; I. Solvent Violet 8, 13, 14, 21, 27; C.I. I. Oil-soluble dyes such as Disper Violet 1, C.I. I. B. Basic Red 1, 2, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40; I. Basic violet 1,3,7,10,14,15,21,25,26,27,28 etc. are mentioned.

  Examples of the color pigment for cyan toner include C.I. I. Pigment blue 2, 3, 15, 16, 17; I. Bat Blue 6; C.I. I. Examples include Acid Blue 45 and copper phthalocyanine pigments having 1 to 5 phthalimidomethyl groups substituted on the phthalocyanine skeleton.

  As a coloring pigment for yellow, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 65, 73, 83, 97, 180; I. Examples include bat yellow 1, 3, 20 and the like.

  These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. These colorants are usually added in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 0.3 to 20 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. In the magnetic toner, when the magnetic powder functions as a colorant, the colorant may be used as necessary. Examples of the colorant at this time include carbon black, copper phthalocyanine, and iron black.

  The toner of the present invention may contain a conventionally known charge control agent as necessary. As the charge control agent, a positive charge control agent or a negative charge control agent is used according to the polarity of the electrostatic image on the electrostatic latent image carrier to be developed. Examples of the positive charge control agent include nigrosine dyes and fatty acid metal derivatives, basic dyes such as triarylmethane dyes, quaternary ammonium salts (for example, tributylbenzylammonium-1-hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate, tetrabutyl Benzylammonium tetrafluoroborate), organotin oxide (eg, dibutyltin oxide, dioctyltin oxide, dicyclohexyltin oxide), diorganotin borate (dibutyltin borate, dioctyltin borate, dicyclohexyltin borate), and polymers having amino groups Donating substances and the like can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, nigrosine-based and quaternary ammonium salts are preferable. On the other hand, negative charge control agents include compounds having carboxyl groups, such as metal complexes of monoazo dyes, metal complex dyes such as chromium-containing organic dyes (copper phthalocyanine green, chromium-containing monoazo dyes), aryloxy such as salicylic acid or salicylic acid derivatives. Examples thereof include divalent or trivalent metal salts, metal chelates (complexes) of carboxylic acids, fatty acid soaps, and metal salts of naphthenic acid. These charge control agents are usually used at a ratio of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

  Further, in the toner of the present invention, magnetic powder may be added as necessary to form a magnetic toner. The magnetic material that can be used may be any alloy or compound containing a ferromagnetic element that has been conventionally used in the production of magnetic toners. Examples of these magnetic materials include iron oxides such as magnetite, maghemite and ferrite, or compounds of divalent metals and iron oxides, metals such as iron, cobalt and nickel, or aluminums of these metals, cobalt, copper, lead, Examples include alloys of metals such as magnesium, tin, zinc, antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, manganese, selenium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and mixtures thereof. These magnetic materials preferably have an average particle size determined by SEM of about 0.1 to 2 μm, more preferably about 0.1 to 0.5 μm. Further, the content of the magnetic substance in the toner is about 20 to 200 parts by mass, preferably 40 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. Further, the saturation magnetization of the toner is preferably 15 to 35 emu / g (measuring magnetic field: 1 kilo-Oersted).

The toner used in the present invention preferably has a volume average particle size of 3 to 35 μm, more preferably 4 to 20 μm. In the case of a small particle size toner, the average particle size is about 4 to 10 μm. When the developer of the present invention is an insulating magnetic toner for developing an electrostatic image, it preferably has an electric resistance of 10 ¹⁰ Ω · cm or more, preferably 10 ¹³ Ω · cm or more. The toner particle size distribution can be measured using, for example, a Coulter counter (multisizer). The toner of the present invention was measured with a multisizer 3 (manufactured by Beckman Coulter) under the condition of an aperture diameter of 100 μm.

  In the toner for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention, known additives used in the production of the toner, such as a lubricant, a fluidity improver, an abrasive, a conductivity imparting agent, and an image peeling preventing agent, as necessary. Can be added internally or externally. Examples of these additives include polytetrafluoroethylene and zinc stearate as lubricants, and silica, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon aluminum cooxidation produced by dry or wet processes as flow improvers. Products, silicon-titanium co-oxides and those hydrophobized, etc., as abrasives, silicon nitride, cerium oxide, silicon carbide, strontium titanate, tungsten carbide, calcium carbonate and those hydrophobized However, examples of the conductivity imparting agent include carbon black and tin oxide. In addition, fine powders of fluorine-containing polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride are preferable from the viewpoints of fluidity, abrasiveness, charge stability, and the like. Note that a known release agent may be added to the toner as long as the characteristics of the hydrocarbon wax of the present invention are not impaired.

  The amount of these external additives such as a lubricant, a fluidizing agent, and an abrasive used per 100 parts by mass of the toner, the lubricant is 0.1 to 2 parts by mass, the fluidizing agent is 0.05 to 1 part by mass, The abrasive is preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by mass. Further, these external additives often have charge controllability with respect to the toner, so that an appropriate one may be selected and used according to the charge characteristics of the toner.

  The toner according to the present invention can be manufactured using a conventionally known toner manufacturing method. The toner production methods are roughly classified into two types: a pulverization method obtained through kneading and pulverization steps, and a polymerization method obtained by chemical polymerization. In the case of the pulverization method, for example, the toner constituent materials as described above are sufficiently mixed by a mixer such as a ball mill or a Henschel mixer, and then kneaded well using a thermal kneader such as a hot roll kneader, a uniaxial or biaxial extruder. Then, after cooling and solidification, a method of manufacturing by a method of coarsely pulverizing mechanically using a pulverizer such as a hammer mill, then finely pulverizing with a jet mill, a mechanical pulverizer, etc., and then classifying.

  On the other hand, in the case of the polymerization method, a method for producing toner by the so-called microcapsule method in which other toner constituent materials are dispersed in a binder resin solution and then spray-dried, and a predetermined material as a monomer for forming the binder resin And a method of obtaining a toner by emulsion or suspension polymerization. In the emulsion polymerization method, resin particles having a particle size of submicron are associated with an internal additive such as a colorant or wax that has been pre-emulsified in water in the aggregation step to obtain a particle size of a desired toner size. In the suspension polymerization method, polymerization is performed by dispersing and heating necessary materials such as a polymerization initiator, a colorant, a wax, and a charge control agent in a monomer.

  The toner thus prepared is mixed with a carrier and used as a two-component dry toner, or the toner alone is used, for example, as a one-component magnetic developer. As the carrier, any carrier conventionally used in a two-component dry developer can be used. Examples of such carriers include ferromagnetic powder such as iron powder or alloy powder of ferromagnetic metal, metal oxide such as iron oxide, ferrite powder composed of elements such as nickel, copper, zinc, magnesium, barium, Magnetic powder carrier made of magnetic powder such as magnetite powder, magnetic powder resin coated carrier coated with these magnetic powder with resin, binder carrier made of magnetic powder and binder resin, glass beads with or without resin coating, etc. Can be mentioned. These carriers usually have a particle size of about 15 to 500 μm, preferably about 20 to 300 μm.

  Examples of the coating resin for the magnetic powder resin-coated carrier include silicon-containing resins such as polyethylene and silicone resin, fluorine-containing resins, styrene resins, acrylic resins, styrene-acrylic resins, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose derivatives, Maleic acid resin, epoxy resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl bromide, polyvinylidene bromide, polycarbonate, polyester, polypropylene, phenol resin, polyvinyl alcohol, fumarate ester resin, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl ether, chloroprene rubber , Acetal resin, ketone resin, xylene resin, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyurethane, polyamide resin, ionomer resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, etc. That. Among these, fluorine-containing resins and silicon-containing resins are particularly preferable because the formation of spent toner is small. This magnetic powder resin coated carrier includes conductive fine particles (carbon black, conductive metal oxide, metal powder), inorganic fillers (silica, silicon nitride, boron nitride, alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, boron carbide, oxidation) (Titanium, clay, talc, glass fiber), the charge control agent exemplified above, and the like may be contained as necessary. The resin coating thickness on the carrier core material is preferably about 0.1 to 5 μm.

  The image forming method of the present invention will be described by taking an electrophotographic method (Carlson method) as an example. First, the photosensitive member is charged and then exposed to form an electrostatic charge image (electrostatic latent image) on the photosensitive member. As the photoconductor, a known or well-known photoconductor such as an OPC (organic photoconductor), a selenium photoconductor, or amorphous silicon can be used. The charging method may be any method such as corona charging or contact charging. Further, the exposure method may be any known or well-known method such as a method of scanning exposure of an original using an exposure lamp, a method of exposing by a laser beam, a method of performing exposure using transmission and non-transmission of pixels using a liquid crystal array. It may be. Next, the formed electrostatic latent image is developed with a developer using the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the present invention to form a toner image on the photoreceptor. As a developing method, a two-component magnetic brush method using a carrier, a one-component magnetic brush method using a magnetic toner, a microtoning method, a flying development method using a magnetic toner or a non-magnetic toner, a cascade method, a powder cloud method, etc. are known or well known. Either method may be used. After development, the toner image on the photoreceptor is transferred to a transfer member. Examples of the transfer member include OHP films such as paper and polyester. The toner image transferred to the transfer member is heated and pressed using a heating roller or a fixing belt, heat fixing (SURF fixing, fixing by thermal plate, oven fixing, infrared lamp fixing, etc.), pressure fixing, flash fixing, By fixing by an arbitrary method such as solvent fixing, a fixed image is formed on the transfer body. As the fixing method, heating pressure fixing using a heat roll or a fixing belt is preferable. On the other hand, the photosensitive member to which the toner image has been transferred is cleaned by a known or well-known method such as a cleaning blade after the toner remaining on the photosensitive member is removed, and is subjected to a charging process again if necessary.

  In the above, the image forming method of the present invention has been described with reference to the Carlson method. However, as described above, in the present invention, the toner image is formed by other known or well-known methods known as electrophotography, electrostatic methods. Any method such as a recording method, a magnetic recording method, or a toner jet method may be used.

  In the present invention, the melting point of the wax is a value measured according to ASTM D87, and the penetration is a value measured according to ASTM D1321.

  Further, the content of the hydrocarbon compound having 29 or less carbon atoms and the content of the hydrocarbon compound having 30 to 44 carbon atoms in the wax are based on data measured by a gas chromatography method (GC). The total content of normal paraffin can be identified from the retention time of the standard substance, and the total components other than normal paraffin can be calculated from the amount of normal paraffin. The measurement by GC is performed, for example, under the following measurement conditions.

(GC measurement conditions)
This was performed by dissolving the wax in hot toluene and injecting it into the following gas chromatograph while hot under the following conditions. Aliphatic hydrocarbons in the wax were separated for each carbon chain length, and the carbon number distribution was measured by determining the ratio of the peak areas of each. The peaks appearing on the gas chromatograph were identified by collating with the chromatograms of the following standard solutions measured simultaneously. Since n-paraffins elute in order from those having the smallest number of carbon atoms, identification can be made with four types of n-paraffins.

Gas chromatograph: GC-380 manufactured by GL Sciences (using FID detector)
Column: Silica capillary column InertCap 1 (manufactured by GL Sciences Inc.)
Column temperature: 130-340 ° C. 3 ° C./min. Temperature rise detector, inlet temperature: 340 ° C
Carrier gas: 100 ml / min. N ₂
Sample injection volume: 2 μL
Identification standard reagents: toluene (reagent special grade), n-tetracosane (n-C24 H50 reagent first grade), n-octacosane (n-C28 H58 reagent special grade), n-dotriacosane (n-C32 H66 reagent first grade), n- Five kinds of hexane triacosane (n-C36 H74 reagent special grade) were used.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Manufacture of wax Paraffin wax is obtained by cooling paraffin-based crude oil, precipitating paraffin wax, and squeezing and filtering it with a filter press. The paraffin wax and oil are separated by press sweating. By processing, waxes A to C having the following characteristics were produced. In addition, the component of the target paraffin wax can be adjusted by selecting paraffin base crude oil and adjusting the conditions (temperature etc.) in the press perspiration method.

[Wax A]
Melting point: 80.8 ° C
n-paraffin content: 53% by mass
Non-normal paraffin hydrocarbon compound content: 47% by mass
Content of hydrocarbon compound having 29 or less carbon atoms: 0.26% by mass
Content of hydrocarbon compound having 30 to 44 carbon atoms: 85.03 mass%,
Penetration (25 ° C): 10
Density: 0.940
Average molecular weight (osmotic pressure method): 520
Kinematic viscosity (100 ° C.): 8.0 cSt

[Wax B]
Melting point: 73.2 ° C
n-paraffin content: 36% by mass
Non-normal paraffin hydrocarbon compound content: 64% by mass
Content of hydrocarbon compound having 29 or less carbon atoms: 0.84% by mass
Content of hydrocarbon compound having 30 to 44 carbon atoms: 84.75% by mass
Penetration (25 ° C): 16
Density: 0.938
Average molecular weight (osmotic pressure method): 512
Kinematic viscosity (100 ° C): 84 Saybolt (SUS)

[Wax C]
Melting point: 82.7 ° C
n-paraffin content: 64% by mass
Non-normal paraffin hydrocarbon compound content: 36% by mass
Content of hydrocarbon compound having 29 or less carbon atoms: 0.53 mass%
Content of hydrocarbon compound having 30 to 44 carbon atoms: 87.24% by mass
Penetration (25 ° C): 9
Density: 0.942
Average molecular weight (osmotic pressure method): 524
Kinematic viscosity (100 ° C.): 10.0 cSt

[Example 1]
Uniformly mix 55 parts by mass of urethane-modified polyester resin, 43 parts by mass of magnetic substance (magnetite), 0.5 parts by mass of aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid trivalent chromium salt compound, and 1.5 parts by mass of wax A using a Henschel mixer with a capacity of 20 L. After mixing, the mixture was kneaded at a supply rate of 6 kg / hr and a discharge temperature of 150 ° C. with a biaxial extrusion kneader PCM-30 (manufactured by Ikegai Co., Ltd.), cooled, and then passed through a 1 mm mesh with a sample mill. Obtained. Furthermore, after pulverizing using a mechanical pulverizer Kryptron KTM-1 type (manufactured by Earth Technica Co., Ltd.) having a rotor and a liner inside the pulverizer (feed amount 5 kg / hr, rotor rotational speed 5000 rpm), an airflow classifier ( (Nippon Pneumatic Co., Ltd., DS-2 type) to obtain negatively charged toner particles having an average particle diameter of 10.5 μm. At this time, no fusion of the material to the rotor and liner during pulverization was observed. In addition, the distribution state of the wax contained in the obtained toner particles was confirmed by the following method. Table 1 shows the results of confirmation of the distribution state of the wax in the toner particles.

<Confirmation of wax distribution in toner particles>
Sampling toner particles (classified product) and classified fine powder with an airflow classifier, and using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC: DSC-60, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), an endothermic peak corresponding to the melting point of the wax in the first run. The amount of heat was measured.

  It can be said that the smaller the difference in the amount of heat between the classified product and the classified fine powder, the more uniformly the wax is dispersed and blended in the toner. If the numerical value of the heat of wax of the classified fine powder is within 10% on the basis of the heat of wax of the classified product, it can be said that classification and blending are good. Very preferably it is within 5%. If it exceeds 10%, it becomes difficult to control the distribution of the wax in the production process, and it becomes impossible to reuse the classified fine powder, or the content of the wax in the toner particles is unevenly distributed. There also arises a problem that the image density fluctuates and fog increases.

Next, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner particles obtained above, 0.3 part by mass of silica fine powder treated with dichlorodimethylsilane, a silicon carbide fine particle having an average primary particle size of 0.42 μm and a specific surface area of 26 m ² / g. 1.0 part by mass of powder was added and mixed with a Henschel mixer, and then sieved with a vibrating sieve to obtain a negatively chargeable toner.

  The obtained negatively chargeable toner was tested and evaluated for storage stability, image density, fog density, fixability, and offset resistance based on the following test methods. The results of these tests are shown in Tables 2 and 3 together with the evaluation results of the wax dispersibility.

<Storage stability test and evaluation>
After 40 g of the obtained toner was sealed in a 200 ml glass container and left in a high temperature bath at 50 ° C. for 24 hours, the toner blocking state was visually observed and evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. .
○: No aggregation occurred Δ: Aggregation occurred but easily loosened ×: Aggregation not easily loosened

  If the level is ○ or △, there is no problem in using the toner. However, if the level is ×, the toner is fused and fixed in the developing machine and the developing machine is locked, or aggregation during storage. Problem arises.

<Image test>
Using the obtained toner, an OPC drum is mounted on a commercially available digital copying machine GP-216 (manufactured by Canon Inc.), and 50,000 sheets in an environment of normal temperature and humidity (N / N: 23 ° C., 50% RH). A live-action test was conducted.

<Fixability test and evaluation>
The fixed image was rubbed with an eraser (manufactured by dragonfly pencil: MONO), and the value calculated by [image density after rubbing / image density before rubbing] × 100 was expressed as fixing strength. 85% or more is a good value.

<Offset resistance test and evaluation>
After continuous copying of 200 images for fixing test, the sheet was stopped for 5 minutes, and then 20 blank sheets were passed through and evaluated based on the state of white paper stains. The evaluation results were based on the following criteria.
○: Paper stain did not occur ×: Paper stain occurred

<Measurement of image density>
The image density was measured using a Macbeth photometer. The concentration may be 1.35 or more.

<Measurement of fog density>
This was done by measuring the reflectance with a photovolt. A value of 1.2% or less is a good value.

[Example 2]
Toner particles (classified product) and toner were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that wax B was used instead of wax A in Example 1. During the production of the toner particles of this example, no fusion of the material to the rotor and liner was observed during chip grinding.

  Tests and evaluations were made of wax distribution in the toner particles, storage stability of the toner, image density, fog density, fixability, and offset resistance. The results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3.

[Example 3]
Toner particles (classified product) and toner were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the wax C was used in place of the wax A of Example 1. During the production of the toner particles of this example, no fusion of the material to the rotor and liner was observed during chip grinding.

  Tests and evaluations were made of wax distribution in the toner particles, storage stability of the toner, image density, fog density, fixability, and offset resistance. The results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3.

[Comparative Example 1]
Toner particles (classified product) and toner were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Barico BW3250 (manufactured by Toyo Petrolite Co., Ltd.) was used in place of the wax A of Example 1.

  Varico BW3250 has a melting point of 76.0 ° C., an n-paraffin content of 51 mass%, a hydrocarbon compound content of 29 or less carbon atoms of 1.25 mass%, and a hydrocarbon compound of 30 to 44 carbon atoms. Is 88.09 mass%, the total amount of hydrocarbons other than normal paraffin is 49 mass%, and the penetration is 12.

  Tests and evaluations of wax distribution in toner particles, toner storage stability, image density, fog density, fixability, and offset resistance were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3.

[Comparative Example 2]
Toner particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that microcrystalline wax D was used instead of wax A in Example 1, but the toner particles could be produced because the wax was fused to the wall of the kneader. could not.

  The melting point of the microcrystalline wax D is 79.0 ° C., the content of n-paraffin is 33% by mass, the content of the hydrocarbon compound having 29 or less carbon atoms is 2.60% by mass, and the carbonization having 30 to 44 carbon atoms. The content of hydrogen compound is 62.60% by mass, the total amount of hydrocarbons other than normal paraffin is 67% by mass, the penetration is 20, and the density is 0.932.

[Comparative Example 3]
Toner particles (classified product) and toner were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that paraffin wax E was used in place of wax A in Example 1.

  The melting point of paraffin wax E is 76.2 ° C., the content of n-paraffin is 85% by mass, the content of hydrocarbon compounds having 29 or less carbon atoms is 0.24% by mass, and hydrocarbons having 30 to 44 carbon atoms. The content of the compound is 84.65% by mass, the total amount of hydrocarbons other than normal paraffin is 15% by mass, the penetration is 7, and the density is 0.939.

  Tests and evaluations of wax distribution in toner particles, toner storage stability, image density, fog density, fixability, and offset resistance were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3.

[Comparative Example 4]
Toner particles (classified products) and toners were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that low molecular weight polypropylene F (Biscol 550P: manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used instead of the wax A of Example 1.

  Tests and evaluations of wax distribution in toner particles, toner storage stability, image density, fog density, fixability, and offset resistance were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3.

  The physical properties of waxes A to C, Varico BW 3250, microcrystalline wax D, paraffin wax E, and polypropylene F used in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are summarized in Table 1 below. Tables 2 and 3 show the evaluation results of the toners produced in -3 and Comparative Examples 1-4.

[Example 4]
92.0 parts by mass of a urethane-modified polyester resin, 5 parts by mass of phthalocyanine blue (CI Pigment Blue 15: 3), 1.0 part by mass of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid calcium salt compound, and 2 parts by mass of wax A having a capacity of 20 L Mix uniformly with a Henschel mixer, knead at a feed rate of 4 kg / hr and discharge temperature of 150 ° C. with a twin screw extruder kneader PCM-30 (manufactured by Ikegai Co., Ltd.), further cool, and then again twin screw extrusion kneaded. Kneading was performed with a machine PCM-30 at a supply rate of 4 kg / hr and a discharge temperature of 150 ° C. to obtain chips. Furthermore, after pulverizing using a mechanical pulverizer Kryptron KTM-1 type (manufactured by Earth Technica) having a rotor and a liner inside the pulverizer (feed amount 4 kg / hr, rotor rotational speed 5000 rpm), an airflow classifier ( (Nippon Pneumatic Co., Ltd., DS-2 type) to obtain negatively chargeable cyan toner particles having an average particle diameter of 8.5 μm. At this time, no fusion of the material to the rotor and liner during pulverization was observed.

  Next, 0.3 parts by mass of silica fine powder treated with dimethyl silicone oil is added to 100 parts by mass of the cyan toner particles obtained above, mixed with a Henschel mixer, sieved with a vibrating sieve, and negatively charged. Cyan toner was obtained.

  Using this cyan toner, a real copying test was conducted using a commercially available copying machine (CLC-800 manufactured by Canon Inc.) having a structure of a hot-pressing roll as a fixing device, and the image density (initial and after 10,000 sheets) Image density value: 1 centimeter x 1 centimeter, measured at original density 1.2), fog (initial and 10,000-thick fog value), OHP permeability, fixability, and offset resistance were evaluated. It was. As a carrier, a silicone-coated ferrite carrier having an average particle diameter of 50 μm was used, and 95 parts of this carrier and 5 parts of cyan toner were mixed to prepare a developer. As a result, the initial image density is 1.41, 10,000 after 10,000 sheets, the fog is initially 0.5, after 10,000 sheets, and 0.8, and OHP transparency (printed on an OHP sheet). The obtained image sample was transmitted through OHP and judged by visual judgment), and there was no problem of fixing property and no occurrence of offset was observed.

[Example 5]
93 parts by mass of a styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer resin, 4 parts by mass of a quinacridone pigment (CI Pigment Red 122), 1 part by mass of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid calcium salt compound and 100 parts by mass of toluene were treated with a sand mill for 5 hours. Then, 36 parts by mass of a toluene dispersion of wax obtained by dispersing 2 parts by mass of wax A in 100 parts by mass of toluene was added and stirred well until uniform to prepare an oil phase liquid. After 60 parts by mass of tricalcium phosphate and 40 parts by mass of water were mixed and dispersed in a ball mill for 8 hours, 6 parts by mass of tricalcium phosphate dispersion and 0.5 parts by mass of sodium dodecyl sulfate were placed in a mixer. A water phase solution was prepared by mixing for a minute. To the obtained aqueous phase liquid, 50 parts by mass of the oil phase liquid was added and mixed for 6 minutes with a mixer, and then heated in a 70 ° C. hot water bath to remove the organic solvent. After adding 100 parts by mass of 6N hydrochloric acid to remove tricalcium phosphate, 100 parts by mass of NaOH aqueous solution adjusted to pH 10 was added, stirred for 10 minutes, filtered, washed with water, dried and magenta having an average particle size of 8.5 μm. Toner particles were obtained.

  Next, 0.3 parts by mass of silica fine powder treated with dimethyl silicone oil is added to 100 parts by mass of the magenta toner particles obtained above, mixed with a Henschel mixer, sieved with a vibrating sieve, and negatively charged. Sexual magenta toner was obtained.

  Using this magenta toner, a live-action test was performed using a commercially available copying machine (CLC-800 manufactured by Canon Inc.) having a structure of a hot-pressing roll as a fixing device, and the image density (initial and after 10,000 sheets). Image density value: 1 centimeter x 1 centimeter, measured at original density 1.2), fog (initial and 10,000-thick fog value), OHP permeability, fixability, and offset resistance were evaluated. It was. As a carrier, a silicone-coated ferrite carrier having an average particle diameter of 50 μm was used, and 95 parts of this carrier and 5 parts of cyan toner were mixed to prepare a developer. As a result, the initial image density was 1.39 after 10,000 sheets and 1.37 after fogging, and the initial fog was 0.7 after initial printing and 0.9 sheets after 10,000 sheets, and the transparency of OHP (printed on the OHP sheet) The obtained image sample was transmitted through OHP and judged by visual judgment), and there was no problem of fixing property and no occurrence of offset was observed.

[Effect of the invention]
The toner of the present invention is excellent in low-temperature fixability and offset resistance, blocking resistance, fluidity, fixability, and image recording properties. In the electrophotographic method, electrostatic recording method, magnetic recording method, toner jet method, etc. It can be suitably used for developing the formed electrostatic latent image.

  The toner wax of the present invention can produce a toner free from problems such as uneven distribution of the wax in the toner regardless of the toner production method, and is excellent in toner pulverization.

Claims (7)

The wax used as the release agent of the toner containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a release agent contains a normal paraffin content of 35 to 65% by mass and contains a hydrocarbon compound having 29 or less carbon atoms. A wax for toner, comprising a hydrocarbon wax having a melting point of 60 to 90 ° C. and having a rate of 1% by mass or less . The wax for toner according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon wax has a penetration of 12 to 20. In a toner containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a release agent, the release agent has a normal paraffin content of 35 to 65 mass% and a hydrocarbon compound content of 29 or less carbon atoms of 1. A toner comprising one kind of hydrocarbon wax having a melting point of 60 to 90 ° C. and having a mass% or less . The toner according to claim 3 , wherein the hydrocarbon wax has a penetration of 12 to 20. 5. The toner according to claim 3, wherein the binder resin is a polyester resin. The toner according to claim 3, wherein the binder resin is a styrene resin. A latent image forming step of forming an electrostatic latent image or magnetic latent image on a latent image bearing member to form a toner image by developing the latent image with a toner according to any one of claims 3-6 Image forming comprising: a toner image forming step; a transfer step of transferring the toner image onto a transfer member; and a fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred onto the transfer member by heating and pressing. Method.