JP4924855B1 - Compressor number control system - Google Patents

Compressor number control system Download PDF

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JP4924855B1
JP4924855B1 JP2011160762A JP2011160762A JP4924855B1 JP 4924855 B1 JP4924855 B1 JP 4924855B1 JP 2011160762 A JP2011160762 A JP 2011160762A JP 2011160762 A JP2011160762 A JP 2011160762A JP 4924855 B1 JP4924855 B1 JP 4924855B1
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pressure
compressor
compressed air
compressors
unit
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JP2013024163A (en
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重喜 越智
良浩 寒川
裕介 岡本
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Miura Co Ltd
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Miura Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2011160762A priority Critical patent/JP4924855B1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2011/070066 priority patent/WO2013014808A1/en
Priority to KR1020127007147A priority patent/KR101167556B1/en
Priority to CN2011800049173A priority patent/CN102713293B/en
Priority to US13/496,735 priority patent/US20140140813A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/12—Combinations of two or more pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/02—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/02—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control
    • F04B49/022—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control by means of pressure

Abstract

【課題】簡易な構成で、圧縮空気の使用負荷に迅速に追従させて圧縮空気を製造することのできる圧縮機台数制御システムを提供する。
【解決手段】複数台の圧縮機２と、これら圧縮機２から圧縮空気が供給されると共に圧縮空気利用機器へ圧縮空気を送るレシーバタンク３と、このレシーバタンク３に設置される圧力センサ４と、この圧力センサ４の検出圧力に基づき圧縮機２の運転台数を変更する台数制御器５とを備える。台数制御器５により運転台数を減少させるか否かの境界値としての台数減少用圧力は、運転台数が多いほど低くなるよう設定される。
【選択図】図１Provided is a compressor number control system capable of producing compressed air by quickly following the use load of compressed air with a simple configuration.
SOLUTION: A plurality of compressors 2, a receiver tank 3 to which compressed air is supplied from the compressors 2 and sends compressed air to a device using compressed air, and a pressure sensor 4 installed in the receiver tank 3 are provided. A number controller 5 that changes the number of operating compressors 2 based on the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 4 is provided. The number reduction pressure as a boundary value for determining whether or not to reduce the number of operating units by the number controller 5 is set so as to decrease as the number of operating units increases.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、複数台の空気圧縮機を備え、圧縮空気の使用負荷に応じて圧縮機の運転台数を変更する圧縮機台数制御システムに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a compressor number control system that includes a plurality of air compressors and changes the number of operating compressors according to the use load of compressed air.

従来、下記特許文献１に開示されるように、圧力とその変化率とに基づき、圧縮機の運転台数を増減する圧力閾値を変更することが提案されている。この特許文献１に記載の発明では、すべての圧縮機がオンオフ制御される（段落番号００２９など）。   Conventionally, as disclosed in the following Patent Document 1, it has been proposed to change a pressure threshold value for increasing or decreasing the number of operating compressors based on a pressure and a rate of change thereof. In the invention described in Patent Document 1, all the compressors are on / off controlled (paragraph number 0029 and the like).

特開２００７−１２０４９７号公報（特許請求の範囲、段落番号０１４０−０１５５、図１５、図１６）JP 2007-120497 A (claims, paragraph numbers 0140-0155, FIGS. 15 and 16)

しかしながら、圧力変化率は考慮されても、運転中の圧縮機の台数は考慮されていない。また、複数台の圧縮機は、単にオンオフ制御されている。これでは、圧縮空気の使用負荷に迅速に追従させて圧縮空気を製造することができない。   However, even if the pressure change rate is considered, the number of compressors in operation is not considered. In addition, the plurality of compressors are simply on / off controlled. In this case, the compressed air cannot be manufactured by quickly following the usage load of the compressed air.

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、簡易な構成で運転台数を考慮して制御し、圧縮空気の使用負荷に迅速に追従させて圧縮空気を製造することのできる圧縮機台数制御システムを提供することにある。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compressor number control system capable of producing compressed air by controlling the number of operating units with a simple configuration and quickly following the usage load of the compressed air. There is.

本発明は、前記課題を解決するためになされたもので、請求項１に記載の発明は、複数台の圧縮機と、これら圧縮機から圧縮空気が供給されると共に圧縮空気利用機器へ圧縮空気を送る箇所に設けられ、圧縮空気の圧力を検出する圧力センサと、この圧力センサの検出圧力に基づき前記圧縮機の運転台数を変更する台数制御器とを備え、前記台数制御器により運転台数を減少させるか否かの境界値としての台数減少用圧力は、運転台数が多いほど低くなるよう設定されることを特徴とする圧縮機台数制御システムである。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the invention according to claim 1 is directed to a plurality of compressors, compressed air supplied from these compressors, and compressed air to a device using compressed air. A pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of compressed air, and a unit controller for changing the number of operating compressors based on the detected pressure of the pressure sensor. The compressor number control system is characterized in that the pressure for decreasing the number as a boundary value for determining whether or not to decrease is set so as to decrease as the number of operating units increases.

請求項１に記載の発明によれば、運転台数を減少させるか否かの境界値としての台数減少用圧力は、運転台数が多いほど低くなるよう設定される。圧縮機の運転台数が多いほど、目標圧力に維持するための１台当たりの寄与率は下がり、圧力変動は抑えられるので、運転台数の増加に応じて台数減少用圧力を下げることができる。言い換えれば、通常、台数減少用圧力以上になれば圧縮機を１台停止し、台数増加用圧力以下になれば圧縮機を１台起動するが、運転台数を増すほど台数減少用圧力を下げて、圧力変動幅を抑制することができる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, the pressure for reducing the number of vehicles as a boundary value for determining whether or not to decrease the number of operating vehicles is set so as to decrease as the number of operating vehicles increases. As the number of operating compressors increases, the contribution rate per unit for maintaining the target pressure decreases, and the pressure fluctuation can be suppressed. Therefore, the pressure for reducing the number of units can be lowered as the number of operating units increases. In other words, one compressor is usually stopped when the pressure for reducing the number of units is higher than that, and one compressor is started when the pressure for increasing the number of units is lower, but the pressure for decreasing the number is lowered as the number of operating units increases. The pressure fluctuation range can be suppressed.

請求項２に記載の発明は、前記各圧縮機は、同時に複数台が運転される場合でもすべてが容量制御され、停止時を負荷率０％、全負荷時を負荷率１００％とした場合に、運転中の前記圧縮機の１台当たりの負荷率が次式により求められる停止負荷率以下になると、運転中の１台を停止させることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の圧縮機台数制御システムである。
停止負荷率（％）＝（運転台数−１）／運転台数×１００ The invention according to claim 2 is that when the compressors are all capacity-controlled even when a plurality of compressors are operated at the same time, the load factor is 0% when stopped, and the load factor is 100% when fully loaded. 2. The number control of compressors according to claim 1, wherein when one load factor of the compressor in operation is equal to or less than a stop load factor obtained by the following equation, one unit in operation is stopped. System.
Stop load factor (%) = (Number of operating units-1) / Number of operating units × 100

請求項２に記載の発明によれば、同時に複数台が運転される場合でもすべてを容量制御しつつ、２台運転しているときは１台当たりの負荷率が５０％以下になると１台停止させ、３台運転しているときは１台当たりの負荷率が６７％以下になると１台停止させるというように、運転台数に応じた１台当たり負荷率に基づき停止制御することで、簡易な構成で最適な運転を行うことができる。   According to the invention described in claim 2, even when a plurality of units are operated at the same time, the capacity of all units is controlled, and when two units are operated, one unit is stopped when the load factor per unit becomes 50% or less. In addition, when three units are in operation, one unit is stopped when the load factor per unit becomes 67% or less, and stop control is performed based on the load factor per unit according to the number of units in operation. Optimal operation can be performed with the configuration.

請求項３に記載の発明は、前記各圧縮機は、その吐出側の圧力を、下限圧力ＰＬと上限圧力ＰＨとの間に維持するように容量制御され、運転台数に応じた停止負荷率で運転中の１台を停止させるために、前記台数減少用圧力は運転台数に基づき次式により設定されることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の圧縮機台数制御システムである。
台数減少用圧力＝｛（上限圧力ＰＨ−下限圧力ＰＬ）÷運転台数｝＋下限圧力ＰＬ According to a third aspect of the present invention, the capacity of each of the compressors is controlled so as to maintain the pressure on the discharge side between the lower limit pressure PL and the upper limit pressure PH, and at a stop load factor corresponding to the number of operating units. 3. The compressor number control system according to claim 1, wherein, in order to stop one unit in operation, the pressure for decreasing the number of units is set by the following equation based on the number of units in operation.
Number reduction pressure = {(Upper limit pressure PH−Lower limit pressure PL) ÷ Number of operating units} + Lower limit pressure PL

請求項３に記載の発明によれば、停止負荷率を圧力に換算して、簡易に制御することができる。   According to the third aspect of the present invention, the stop load factor can be converted into pressure and easily controlled.

請求項４に記載の発明は、前記圧力センサによる検出圧力が前記台数減少用圧力以上の状態を設定時間継続後に、前記圧縮機の運転台数を減少させることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の圧縮機台数制御システムである。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the number of operating compressors is decreased after a set time has elapsed while the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is equal to or greater than the pressure for decreasing the number of units. This is a compressor number control system.

請求項４に記載の発明によれば、圧力センサによる検出圧力が台数減少用圧力以上の状態を設定時間継続後に圧縮機の運転台数を減少させるので、圧縮機が次々と過剰に停止されるのを防止できる。   According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the number of operating compressors is decreased after the set time is maintained while the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is equal to or higher than the pressure for decreasing the number of compressors, the compressors are excessively stopped one after another. Can be prevented.

請求項５に記載の発明は、前記各圧縮機からの圧縮空気は、共通のレシーバタンクへ供給された後、一または複数の圧縮空気利用機器へ送られ、前記圧力センサは、前記レシーバタンクに設置され、前記台数制御器により運転台数を増加させるか否かの境界値としての台数増加用圧力は、前記圧力センサの検出圧力Ｐの圧力変化率ΔＰに基づき異なるよう設定され、圧力変化率ΔＰの絶対値が第一設定値ΔＰ１未満である場合には、前記圧力センサの検出圧力Ｐが、前記台数増加用圧力としての第二下限圧力ＰＬ２以下になると１台起動させ、圧力変化率ΔＰの絶対値が第一設定値ΔＰ１以上であるが第二設定値ΔＰ２未満である場合には、前記圧力センサの検出圧力Ｐが前記台数増加用圧力としての第一下限圧力ＰＬ１以下になると１台起動させ、それでも第一下限圧力ＰＬ１以下を維持する場合、所定の連続起動防止時間を経過するごとに１台起動させるが、前記第一下限圧力ＰＬ１よりも低圧の第二下限圧力ＰＬ２以下になれば、前記連続起動防止時間の経過を待つことなくさらに１台起動させ、圧力変化率ΔＰの絶対値が第二設定値ΔＰ２以上である場合には、前記圧力センサの検出圧力Ｐが前記台数増加用圧力としての前記上限圧力ＰＨ以下であると１台起動させ、それでも前記上限圧力ＰＨ以下を維持する場合、所定の連続起動防止時間を経過するごとに１台起動させるが、前記上限圧力ＰＨよりも低圧の第一下限圧力ＰＬ１以下になれば、前記連続起動防止時間の経過を待つことなくさらにもう１台起動させることを特徴とする請求項３または請求項４に記載の圧縮機台数制御システムである。   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the compressed air from each of the compressors is supplied to a common receiver tank and then sent to one or a plurality of compressed air utilization devices, and the pressure sensor is supplied to the receiver tank. The pressure for increasing the number as a boundary value for determining whether or not to increase the number of operating units by the number controller is set differently based on the pressure change rate ΔP of the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor, and the pressure change rate ΔP Is less than the first set value ΔP1, when the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor becomes equal to or lower than the second lower limit pressure PL2 as the number-increasing pressure, one unit is started and the pressure change rate ΔP When the absolute value is greater than or equal to the first set value ΔP1 but less than the second set value ΔP2, one unit is activated when the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor is less than or equal to the first lower limit pressure PL1 as the number increase pressure. The If the first lower limit pressure PL1 or less is still maintained, one unit is activated every time the predetermined continuous activation prevention time elapses. However, if the first lower limit pressure PL1 is lower than the first lower limit pressure PL1, When one more unit is activated without waiting for the continuous activation prevention time to elapse and the absolute value of the pressure change rate ΔP is equal to or greater than the second set value ΔP2, the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor is the pressure for increasing the number of units. If one of the above-mentioned upper limit pressures PH is less than or equal to the upper limit pressure PH, and is still maintained below the upper limit pressure PH, one unit is started every time a predetermined continuous activation prevention time elapses. 5. The number of compressors according to claim 3, wherein another unit is started without waiting for the elapse of the continuous start prevention time to fall below the first lower limit pressure PL1. A control system.

請求項５に記載の発明によれば、圧力センサの検出圧力が台数増加用圧力以下になると圧縮機を１台起動させ、それでも台数増加用圧力以下を維持する場合、所定の連続起動防止時間を経過するごとに圧縮機を１台起動させるが、圧力変化率の絶対値が設定値以上の領域では、圧力センサの検出圧力が即時増加用圧力以下になれば、所定時間の経過を待つことなく１台起動させる。このように、圧力変化率が設定値以上で大きく、しかも目標圧力範囲から大きく離れようとした場合には、所定時間の経過を待つことなく、即時増加用圧力以下で１台起動するので、圧縮機の吐出量と圧縮空気利用機器の使用量との差を迅速に是正することができる。   According to the invention described in claim 5, when the detected pressure of the pressure sensor becomes equal to or less than the pressure for increasing the number of compressors, when one compressor is started and still maintains the pressure for increasing the number of machines or less, the predetermined continuous start prevention time is set. One compressor is started each time it passes, but in the region where the absolute value of the pressure change rate is greater than or equal to the set value, if the detected pressure of the pressure sensor falls below the pressure for immediate increase, without waiting for the passage of a predetermined time Start one. In this way, when the pressure change rate is greater than the set value and is about to depart from the target pressure range, one unit is started below the immediate increase pressure without waiting for the elapse of a predetermined time. It is possible to quickly correct the difference between the discharge amount of the machine and the use amount of the equipment using compressed air.

請求項６に記載の発明は、前記台数制御器は、前記圧力センサの検出圧力に加えて、前記各圧縮機からの圧縮空気の吐出流量、または前記各圧縮機の回転数、使用電流もしくは使用電力に基づき、前記圧縮機の運転台数を変更することを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の圧縮機台数制御システムである。   According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the pressure detected by the pressure sensor, the number controller controls the discharge flow rate of compressed air from each compressor, or the rotational speed, operating current or usage of each compressor. The compressor number control system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the number of operating compressors is changed based on electric power.

請求項６に記載の発明によれば、各圧縮機からの圧縮空気の吐出流量、または各圧縮機の回転数、使用電流もしくは使用電力に基づき、圧縮機の運転台数を補正することで、最適な台数で運転することができる。   According to the invention described in claim 6, it is optimal by correcting the number of operating compressors based on the discharge flow rate of compressed air from each compressor, or the rotational speed, operating current, or operating power of each compressor. It is possible to drive with the number of cars.

さらに、請求項７に記載の発明は、前記台数制御器は、前記各圧縮機の使用電流または使用電力を監視し、使用電流または使用電力の少ない圧縮機を優先して運転することを特徴とする請求項６に記載の圧縮機台数制御システムである。   Furthermore, the invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that the number controller monitors the current or power used by each compressor, and prioritizes the compressor that uses less current or power. The compressor number control system according to claim 6.

請求項７に記載の発明によれば、使用電流または使用電力の少ない圧縮機を優先して運転することで、運転効率を向上することができる。   According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, it is possible to improve the operation efficiency by operating with priority to the compressor that uses less current or power.

本発明によれば、簡易な構成で運転台数を考慮して制御し、圧縮空気の使用負荷に迅速に追従させて圧縮空気を製造することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture compressed air by controlling in consideration of the number of operating units with a simple configuration and quickly following the usage load of the compressed air.

本発明の圧縮機台数制御システムの一実施例を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows one Example of the compressor number control system of this invention. 図１の圧縮機台数制御システムによる台数制御方法の一例を示す図であり、運転中の各圧縮機の吐出圧力、レシーバタンク内の圧力、運転台数増減表を示している。It is a figure which shows an example of the number control method by the compressor number control system of FIG. 1, and has shown the discharge pressure of each compressor during a driving | operation, the pressure in a receiver tank, and a driving | operation number increase / decrease table.

以下、本発明の具体的実施例を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
図１は、本発明の圧縮機台数制御システムの一実施例を示す概略図である。本実施例の圧縮機台数制御システム１は、複数台の圧縮機２，２，…と、これら圧縮機２から圧縮空気が供給されるレシーバタンク３と、このレシーバタンク３内の圧力を検出する圧力センサ４と、この圧力センサ４の検出圧力などに基づき前記各圧縮機２を制御する台数制御器５とを備える。 Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a compressor number control system according to the present invention. The compressor number control system 1 according to the present embodiment detects a plurality of compressors 2, 2,..., A receiver tank 3 to which compressed air is supplied from the compressor 2, and a pressure in the receiver tank 3. A pressure sensor 4 and a number controller 5 for controlling the compressors 2 based on the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 4 are provided.

各圧縮機２は、電動式の空気圧縮機であり、圧縮機本体がモータで駆動され、外気を吸入し圧縮して吐出する。各圧縮機２からの圧縮空気は、共通のレシーバタンク３を介して、一または複数の各種の圧縮空気利用機器（図示省略）へ送られる。   Each compressor 2 is an electric air compressor, and the compressor body is driven by a motor to suck, compress, and discharge outside air. Compressed air from each compressor 2 is sent to one or a plurality of various compressed air utilization devices (not shown) via a common receiver tank 3.

各圧縮機２は、スクリュー式、ターボ式またはレシプロ式など、その構成を特に問わないが、典型的には互いに同一の構成とされる。また、各圧縮機２は、典型的には、同一の吐出容量とされる。   Each compressor 2 is not particularly limited in its configuration, such as a screw type, a turbo type, or a reciprocating type, but typically has the same configuration as each other. Each compressor 2 typically has the same discharge capacity.

本実施例の各圧縮機２は、容量制御可能に構成される。ここでは、機械的に自力で容量制御可能とされる。容量制御の具体的構成は特に問わないが、本実施例では、圧縮機２の吸込側に設けた容量調整弁（図示省略）の開度を調整することでなされる。   Each compressor 2 of a present Example is comprised so that capacity | capacitance control is possible. Here, the capacity can be controlled mechanically by itself. Although the specific configuration of the capacity control is not particularly limited, in this embodiment, the capacity control is performed by adjusting the opening of a capacity adjustment valve (not shown) provided on the suction side of the compressor 2.

容量調整弁は、圧縮機２の吐出側の圧力を所望に維持するように、自力で開度を調整する。つまり、圧縮機２の吐出側の圧力が上昇するのに伴い、容量調整弁は開度を絞って吸入量を減少させ、これにより圧縮機２は吐出量を減少させる一方、圧縮機２の吐出側の圧力が低下するのに伴い、容量調整弁は開度を拡げて吸入量を増加させ、これにより圧縮機２は吐出量を増加させる。   A capacity | capacitance adjustment valve adjusts an opening degree by itself so that the pressure of the discharge side of the compressor 2 may be maintained as desired. In other words, as the pressure on the discharge side of the compressor 2 increases, the capacity adjustment valve reduces the suction amount by reducing the opening, thereby reducing the discharge amount while the compressor 2 reduces the discharge amount. As the pressure on the side decreases, the capacity adjustment valve increases the opening to increase the intake amount, thereby causing the compressor 2 to increase the discharge amount.

より具体的には、容量調整弁は、図２において、圧縮機２の吐出側の圧力を、下限圧力ＰＬと上限圧力ＰＨとの間に維持するように開度を調整する。この場合、容量調整弁は、圧縮機２の吐出側の圧力が下限圧力ＰＬ以下になると全開される一方、上限圧力ＰＨ以上になると全閉される。また、下限圧力ＰＬと上限圧力ＰＨとの間では、下限圧力ＰＬから上限圧力ＰＨへ行くに従って比例的に開度が絞られる。このように、下限圧力ＰＬと上限圧力ＰＨとの圧力範囲が、容量調整弁の制御範囲とされる。つまり、各圧縮機２は、容量調整弁により、規定の調整範囲ＰＬ〜ＰＨで、吐出圧力と吐出流量とが逆比例のリニアな特性を有する。言い換えれば、吐出圧力と圧縮機２の負荷率とは一次関数になっている。なお、万一、圧縮機２の吐出側の圧力が所定の停止圧力ＰＳを超えると、圧縮機２は強制停止される。   More specifically, in FIG. 2, the capacity adjustment valve adjusts the opening so as to maintain the pressure on the discharge side of the compressor 2 between the lower limit pressure PL and the upper limit pressure PH. In this case, the capacity adjustment valve is fully opened when the pressure on the discharge side of the compressor 2 is lower than the lower limit pressure PL, and is fully closed when the pressure is higher than the upper limit pressure PH. Further, the opening degree is proportionally reduced between the lower limit pressure PL and the upper limit pressure PH as it goes from the lower limit pressure PL to the upper limit pressure PH. Thus, the pressure range between the lower limit pressure PL and the upper limit pressure PH is the control range of the capacity adjustment valve. That is, each compressor 2 has a linear characteristic in which the discharge pressure and the discharge flow rate are inversely proportional to each other within a specified adjustment range PL to PH by the capacity adjustment valve. In other words, the discharge pressure and the load factor of the compressor 2 are linear functions. If the pressure on the discharge side of the compressor 2 exceeds a predetermined stop pressure PS, the compressor 2 is forcibly stopped.

本実施例の各圧縮機２は、典型的には、同時に複数台が運転される場合でもすべてが容量制御される。そのため、各圧縮機２は、全負荷運転に保持するためのフルロードロック機能を備える必要はない。   Each compressor 2 of the present embodiment is typically capacity-controlled even when a plurality of compressors 2 are operated at the same time. Therefore, it is not necessary for each compressor 2 to have a full load lock function for maintaining full load operation.

レシーバタンク３は、各圧縮機２から圧縮空気が供給される一方、一または複数の圧縮空気利用機器へ圧縮空気を供給する中空容器である。レシーバタンク３内の圧力を検出可能に、圧力センサ４が設けられる。   The receiver tank 3 is a hollow container that is supplied with compressed air from each compressor 2 and supplies compressed air to one or a plurality of compressed air using devices. A pressure sensor 4 is provided so that the pressure in the receiver tank 3 can be detected.

台数制御器５は、各圧縮機２および圧力センサ４に接続され、圧力センサ４による検出圧力などに基づき、各圧縮機２を制御する。本実施例では、各圧縮機２の運転の有無（つまり運転台数の変更）を切り替える。具体的な制御方法は、以下のとおりである。   The number controller 5 is connected to each compressor 2 and the pressure sensor 4, and controls each compressor 2 based on the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 4. In this embodiment, the presence or absence of operation of each compressor 2 (that is, change of the number of operating units) is switched. A specific control method is as follows.

図２は、本実施例の圧縮機台数制御システム１による台数制御方法の一例を示す図であり、運転中の各圧縮機２の吐出圧力と、レシーバタンク３内の圧力（つまり圧力センサ４の検出圧力）と、運転台数増減表とを示している。   FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the number control method by the compressor number control system 1 of the present embodiment. The discharge pressure of each compressor 2 during operation and the pressure in the receiver tank 3 (that is, the pressure sensor 4) Detection pressure) and the number of operating units increase and decrease table.

運転台数増減表は、図２の中央に表形式で示すように、運転台数を増やすための起動表と、図２の右側に棒グラフ状に示すように、運転台数を減らすための停止表とに分けられる。起動表は、レシーバタンク３内の圧力Ｐとその変化率ΔＰとに基づき、圧縮機２を如何に起動するか、言い換えれば運転台数を如何に増加させるかを示している。一方、停止表は、レシーバタンク３内の圧力Ｐと、現在実際に運転中の台数とに基づき、圧縮機２を如何に停止するか、言い換えれば運転台数を如何に減少させるかを示している。これらの制御は、圧力センサ４の検出圧力Ｐと圧力変化率ΔＰとをそれぞれ所定周期で求め、それに基づき行われる。本実施例では、検出圧力Ｐとして、台数制御器５のＣＰＵの演算周期の所定回数分（たとえば２０回分）の平均値が用いられ、圧力変化率ΔＰとして、直近の所定時間（たとえば直近２０秒）の平均値が用いられる。   As shown in the form of a table in the center of FIG. 2, the operation number increase / decrease table is divided into a start table for increasing the operation number and a stop table for reducing the operation number as shown in a bar graph on the right side of FIG. Divided. The start-up table shows how to start the compressor 2 based on the pressure P in the receiver tank 3 and the rate of change ΔP, in other words, how to increase the number of operating units. On the other hand, the stop table shows how to stop the compressor 2 on the basis of the pressure P in the receiver tank 3 and the number of units currently in operation, in other words, how to reduce the number of units in operation. . These controls are performed based on the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor 4 and the pressure change rate ΔP at predetermined intervals. In the present embodiment, an average value for a predetermined number of times (for example, 20 times) of the calculation cycle of the CPU of the number controller 5 is used as the detected pressure P, and the most recent predetermined time (for example, the latest 20 seconds) is used as the pressure change rate ΔP. ) Average value is used.

圧力変化率ΔＰとは、所定時間当たりの変動圧力である。圧力変化率ΔＰがマイナスの場合、レシーバタンク３内の圧力は減少傾向にあり、圧力変化率ΔＰがプラスの場合、レシーバタンク３内の圧力は増加傾向にある。圧縮空気利用機器による圧縮空気の使用量が、圧縮機２による圧縮空気の吐出量よりも多い場合、レシーバタンク３内の圧力は減少し、逆に、圧縮機２による圧縮空気の吐出量が、圧縮空気利用機器による圧縮空気の使用量よりも多い場合、レシーバタンク３内の圧力は増加する。   The pressure change rate ΔP is a fluctuating pressure per predetermined time. When the pressure change rate ΔP is negative, the pressure in the receiver tank 3 tends to decrease, and when the pressure change rate ΔP is positive, the pressure in the receiver tank 3 tends to increase. When the amount of compressed air used by the device using compressed air is larger than the amount of compressed air discharged by the compressor 2, the pressure in the receiver tank 3 decreases, and conversely, the amount of compressed air discharged by the compressor 2 is When the amount of compressed air used is greater than the amount of compressed air used by the device using compressed air, the pressure in the receiver tank 3 increases.

圧縮機２からレシーバタンク３への配管の圧力損失により、レシーバタンク３内の圧力は、圧縮機２の吐出圧力よりも若干低圧になる。そのため、図２において若干傾きのある破線で結んで示すように、レシーバタンク３内の圧力ＰＬ１，ＰＬ２は、それぞれ、圧縮機２の吐出圧力ＰＬ１´，ＰＬ２´と対応する。なお、本実施例の圧縮機台数制御システム１の場合、停止表から明らかなとおり、レシーバタンク３内の圧力が容量調整弁の制御範囲の上限圧力ＰＨになるときは、すべての圧縮機２が停止され、空気流量は０になるので、上限圧力ＰＨに関しては、圧縮機吐出圧力とレシーバタンク圧力とは同一になる。   Due to the pressure loss of the piping from the compressor 2 to the receiver tank 3, the pressure in the receiver tank 3 is slightly lower than the discharge pressure of the compressor 2. Therefore, the pressures PL1 and PL2 in the receiver tank 3 correspond to the discharge pressures PL1 ′ and PL2 ′ of the compressor 2, respectively, as shown by a broken line having a slight inclination in FIG. In the case of the compressor number control system 1 of this embodiment, as is apparent from the stop table, when the pressure in the receiver tank 3 becomes the upper limit pressure PH of the control range of the capacity adjustment valve, all the compressors 2 are Since the air flow rate is stopped, the compressor discharge pressure and the receiver tank pressure are the same with respect to the upper limit pressure PH.

台数制御器５は、圧力センサ４の検出圧力と、予め設定した圧力値とを比較して、圧縮機２の運転台数を増減する。この際、運転台数を増加させる圧力値は、前記起動表に示すように、圧力センサ４の検出圧力Ｐの圧力変化率ΔＰに基づき異なるよう設定される。つまり、台数制御器５は、圧力センサ４の検出圧力Ｐが台数増加用圧力Ａ以下になると圧縮機２を１台起動させるが、運転台数を増加させるか否かの境界値としての台数増加用圧力Ａは、圧力変化率ΔＰがマイナス側へ大きくなるほど段階的に高圧になるよう設定される。   The number controller 5 compares the detected pressure of the pressure sensor 4 with a preset pressure value, and increases or decreases the number of operating compressors 2. At this time, the pressure value for increasing the number of operating units is set to be different based on the pressure change rate ΔP of the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor 4 as shown in the startup table. In other words, the number controller 5 starts one compressor 2 when the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor 4 is equal to or less than the number-increasing pressure A, but increases the number as a boundary value of whether to increase the number of operating units. The pressure A is set so as to increase gradually as the pressure change rate ΔP increases to the negative side.

運転台数を増加させる場合、台数制御器５は、圧力センサ４の検出圧力Ｐが台数増加用圧力Ａ以下の状態を維持する場合、所定時間（連続起動防止時間）を経過するごとに前記圧縮機２を１台起動させるが、圧力変化率ΔＰが設定値（−ΔＰ１）以下の領域（つまりΔＰ≦−ΔＰ１）では、圧力センサ４の検出圧力Ｐが即時増加用圧力Ｂ以下になれば、前記所定時間の経過を待つことなくさらに１台起動させる。なお、即時増加用圧力Ｂは、圧力変化率ΔＰの絶対値が大きいほど高圧に設定されるのがよい。   When the number of operating units is to be increased, the unit controller 5 is configured such that, when the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor 4 is maintained at a level equal to or lower than the number increasing pressure A, the compressor 2 is started, but in a region where the pressure change rate ΔP is equal to or less than the set value (−ΔP1) (that is, ΔP ≦ −ΔP1), if the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor 4 is equal to or less than the immediate increase pressure B, One more unit is activated without waiting for the elapse of a predetermined time. The immediate increase pressure B is preferably set to a higher pressure as the absolute value of the pressure change rate ΔP is larger.

一方、運転台数を減少させる圧力値は、前記停止表に示すように、現在実際に運転中の圧縮機２の運転台数に基づき異なるよう設定される。つまり、台数制御器５は、圧力センサ４の検出圧力Ｐが台数減少用圧力Ｃ以上になると圧縮機２を１台停止させるが、運転台数を減少させるか否かの境界値としての台数減少用圧力Ｃは、運転台数が増すほど段階的に低圧になるよう設定される。   On the other hand, as shown in the stop table, the pressure value for decreasing the number of operating units is set to be different based on the number of operating compressors 2 that are currently operating. That is, the number controller 5 stops one compressor 2 when the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor 4 is equal to or higher than the number reduction pressure C, but the number controller 5 serves as a boundary value for determining whether or not to reduce the number of operating units. The pressure C is set so as to gradually decrease as the number of operating units increases.

台数減少用圧力Ｃは、各圧縮機２の負荷率を考慮して決定するのがよい。すなわち、停止時を負荷率０％、全負荷時を負荷率１００％とした場合に、運転中の圧縮機２の１台当たりの負荷率が次式により求められる停止負荷率以下になると、運転中の１台を停止させる。   The pressure C for reducing the number of units should be determined in consideration of the load factor of each compressor 2. In other words, when the load factor is 0% during stop and the load factor is 100% during full load, if the load factor per compressor 2 during operation is less than or equal to the stop load factor determined by the following equation: Stop one of them.

［数１］ 停止負荷率（％）＝（運転台数−１）／運転台数×１００   [Equation 1] Stop load factor (%) = (Number of operating units-1) / Number of operating units × 100

台数制御器５は、運転中の台数に応じた停止負荷率で１台を停止させるために、運転中の台数に基づき台数減少用圧力Ｃを次式により求め、これに基づき運転台数を適宜減少させる。   The number controller 5 calculates the pressure C for reducing the number of units based on the number of units in operation by the following formula in order to stop one unit at a stop load factor according to the number of units in operation, and reduces the number of units operated accordingly based on this formula. Let

［数２］ 台数減少用圧力Ｃ＝上限圧力ＰＨ−｛（上限圧力ＰＨ−下限圧力ＰＬ）×停止負荷率（％）／１００｝   [Equation 2] Number of pressure reduction C = upper limit pressure PH − {(upper limit pressure PH−lower limit pressure PL) × stop load factor (%) / 100}

この数式２は、前記数式１を用いて、次のように書き換えることができる。   This Formula 2 can be rewritten as follows using the Formula 1.

［数３］ 台数減少用圧力Ｃ＝｛（上限圧力ＰＨ−下限圧力ＰＬ）÷運転台数｝＋下限圧力ＰＬ   [Equation 3] Number of units decreasing pressure C = {(upper limit pressure PH−lower limit pressure PL) ÷ number of operating units} + lower limit pressure PL

このように、運転台数に応じて台数減少用圧力Ｃを規定することができる。なお、数式２および数式３にいう上限圧力ＰＨおよび下限圧力ＰＬは、前述したように容量調整弁の制御範囲を規定する圧縮機吐出圧力であるが、実際の停止制御は本実施例ではレシーバタンク３に設けた圧力センサ４の検出圧力に基づきなされるので、圧縮機２とレシーバタンク３との間の圧力損失を考慮して補正した値を用いるのが好ましい。但し、上限圧力ＰＨについては、前述したように、圧縮機吐出圧力とレシーバタンク圧力とは同一になる。従って、下限圧力ＰＬについて、レシーバタンク圧力に換算した値を用いるのが好ましい。あるいは、数式２および数式３で導出される台数減少用圧力Ｃは厳密には圧縮機吐出圧力であるので、これをレシーバタンク圧力に換算して制御するのが好ましい。   In this way, the pressure C for decreasing the number can be defined according to the number of operating units. Note that the upper limit pressure PH and the lower limit pressure PL in the formulas 2 and 3 are compressor discharge pressures that define the control range of the capacity adjustment valve as described above, but the actual stop control is performed in the receiver tank in this embodiment. 3 is performed based on the detected pressure of the pressure sensor 4 provided in 3, it is preferable to use a value corrected in consideration of the pressure loss between the compressor 2 and the receiver tank 3. However, as described above, the upper limit pressure PH is the same as the compressor discharge pressure and the receiver tank pressure. Therefore, it is preferable to use the value converted into the receiver tank pressure for the lower limit pressure PL. Alternatively, the number-decreasing pressure C derived from Equation 2 and Equation 3 is strictly a compressor discharge pressure, and is preferably controlled by converting it into a receiver tank pressure.

以下、具体的制御について、図２に基づき説明する。なお、第一下限圧力ＰＬ１よりも低圧で第二下限圧力ＰＬ２が設定され、第一下限圧力ＰＬ１および第二下限圧力ＰＬ２は、容量調整弁の制御範囲下限値ＰＬよりも低圧に設定される。また、第一設定値ΔＰ１，第二設定値ΔＰ２は、圧縮機１台分の全負荷運転時の吐出容量を考慮して設定される。   Hereinafter, specific control will be described with reference to FIG. The second lower limit pressure PL2 is set lower than the first lower limit pressure PL1, and the first lower limit pressure PL1 and the second lower limit pressure PL2 are set lower than the control range lower limit PL of the capacity adjustment valve. The first set value ΔP1 and the second set value ΔP2 are set in consideration of the discharge capacity during full load operation for one compressor.

（１）圧縮機２の運転台数の増加制御
（１−１）圧力変化率ΔＰの絶対値が第一設定値ΔＰ１未満である場合。具体的には、−ΔＰ１＜ΔＰ＜＋ΔＰ１である場合。
圧力センサ４の検出圧力Ｐが台数増加用圧力Ａとしての第二下限圧力ＰＬ２以下になると１台起動させる。これにより通常は圧力が第二下限圧力ＰＬ２を上回るが、この間も圧縮空気の使用負荷が増加し続けると、圧力が第二下限圧力ＰＬ２以下を維持する場合がある。その場合、所定の連続起動防止時間を経過するごとに圧縮機２を１台起動させる。つまり、圧力センサ４の検出圧力Ｐが図２における「１台起動」領域に留まる場合には、停止中の圧縮機２がある限り、連続起動防止時間を経過するごとに１台ずつ起動させる。 (1) Increase control of the number of operating units of the compressor 2 (1-1) When the absolute value of the pressure change rate ΔP is less than the first set value ΔP1. Specifically, when -ΔP1 <ΔP <+ ΔP1.
When the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor 4 is equal to or lower than the second lower limit pressure PL2 as the pressure A for increasing the number of units, one unit is activated. As a result, the pressure normally exceeds the second lower limit pressure PL2, but if the use load of compressed air continues to increase during this time, the pressure may remain below the second lower limit pressure PL2. In that case, every time the predetermined continuous activation prevention time elapses, one compressor 2 is activated. That is, when the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor 4 remains in the “one unit start” region in FIG. 2, as long as there is a compressor 2 that is stopped, one unit is started each time the continuous start prevention time elapses.

（１−２）圧力変化率ΔＰの絶対値が第一設定値ΔＰ１以上であるが第二設定値ΔＰ２未満である場合。具体的には、−ΔＰ２＜ΔＰ≦−ΔＰ１である場合。
圧力センサ４の検出圧力Ｐが台数増加用圧力Ａとしての第一下限圧力ＰＬ１以下になると１台起動させる。この場合も、１台起動させても第一下限圧力ＰＬ１以下を維持する場合、所定の連続起動防止時間を経過するごとに１台起動させるが、即時増加用圧力Ｂとしての第二下限圧力ＰＬ２以下になれば、連続起動防止時間の経過を待つことなくさらにもう１台起動させる。 (1-2) A case where the absolute value of the pressure change rate ΔP is equal to or greater than the first set value ΔP1 but less than the second set value ΔP2. Specifically, when -ΔP2 <ΔP ≦ −ΔP1.
When the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor 4 is equal to or lower than the first lower limit pressure PL1 as the number increase pressure A, one unit is activated. In this case as well, if the first lower limit pressure PL1 or less is maintained even if one unit is activated, one unit is activated every time a predetermined continuous activation prevention time elapses, but the second lower limit pressure PL2 as the immediately increasing pressure B If it becomes below, another one is started, without waiting for progress of continuous starting prevention time.

つまり、図２において、「１台起動」領域に入ることで１台を起動させても、なおその領域に留まる場合には、停止中の圧縮機２がある限り、連続起動防止時間ごとに１台ずつ圧縮機２を起動させる。また、その間、「さらに１台起動」領域に入れば、連続起動防止時間を経過しないでも、さらに１台を起動させる。   That is, in FIG. 2, if one unit is started by entering the “one unit start” region and still remains in that region, it remains 1 every continuous start prevention time as long as there is a compressor 2 being stopped. The compressor 2 is started one by one. In the meantime, if the “one more unit activation” area is entered, one unit is activated even if the continuous activation prevention time has not elapsed.

（１−３）圧力変化率ΔＰの絶対値が第二設定値ΔＰ２以上である場合。具体的には、ΔＰ≦−ΔＰ２である場合。
レシーバタンク３内の圧力下降時（圧力変化率ΔＰがマイナスの場合つまりΔＰ≦−ΔＰ２の場合）には、圧力センサ４の検出圧力Ｐが台数増加用圧力Ａとしての容量調整弁の制御範囲上限値ＰＨ以下、言い換えれば容量調整弁の制御範囲ＰＬ〜ＰＨであっても、１台起動させる。この場合も、１台起動させても容量調整弁の制御範囲ＰＬ〜ＰＨを維持する場合、所定の連続起動防止時間を経過するごとに１台起動させるが、即時増加用圧力Ｂとしての第一下限圧力ＰＬ１以下になれば、連続起動防止時間の経過を待つことなくさらにもう１台起動させる。 (1-3) The absolute value of the pressure change rate ΔP is equal to or greater than the second set value ΔP2. Specifically, when ΔP ≦ −ΔP2.
When the pressure in the receiver tank 3 drops (when the pressure change rate ΔP is negative, that is, ΔP ≦ −ΔP2), the detection pressure P of the pressure sensor 4 is the upper limit of the control range of the capacity adjustment valve as the pressure A for increasing the number of units. Even if it is below the value PH, in other words, within the control range PL to PH of the capacity adjustment valve, one unit is activated. Also in this case, when the control range PL to PH of the capacity adjusting valve is maintained even if one unit is started, one unit is started every time a predetermined continuous start prevention time elapses. If the pressure falls below the lower limit pressure PL1, another unit is activated without waiting for the continuous activation prevention time to elapse.

つまり、図２において「１台起動」領域に入ることで１台を起動させても、なおその領域に留まる場合には、停止中の圧縮機２がある限り、連続起動防止時間ごとに１台ずつ圧縮機２を起動させる。また、その間、「さらに１台起動」領域に入れば、連続起動防止時間を経過しないでも、さらに１台を起動させる。   That is, even if one unit is started by entering the “one unit start” area in FIG. 2 and still remains in that region, as long as there is a compressor 2 that is stopped, one unit for each continuous start prevention time The compressor 2 is started one by one. In the meantime, if the “one more unit activation” area is entered, one unit is activated even if the continuous activation prevention time has not elapsed.

（２）圧縮機２の運転台数の減少制御
圧力センサ４により空気圧力を監視して、たとえば、２台運転している場合には、１台当たりの負荷率が５０％以下になると１台停止させ、３台運転している場合には、１台当たりの負荷率が６７％以下になると１台停止させ、４台運転している場合には、１台あたりの負荷率が７５％以下になると１台停止させるというように、前述した数式１による停止負荷率を考慮して、圧縮機２の運転台数を減少させる。 (2) Reduction control of the number of operating compressors 2 When the air pressure is monitored by the pressure sensor 4 and, for example, two units are operating, one unit stops when the load factor per unit becomes 50% or less. When three units are operating, one unit is stopped when the load factor per unit is 67% or less. When four units are operating, the unit load rate is 75% or less. In this case, the number of operating compressors 2 is reduced in consideration of the stop load factor according to Equation 1 as described above.

これにより、１台だけ運転している場合には、負荷率が０〜１００％で運転され、２台運転している場合には、１台当たりの負荷率が５０〜１００％で運転され、３台運転している場合には、１台当たりの負荷率が６７〜１００％で運転されるというように、台数が増すほど高負荷で運転される。   Thereby, when only one unit is operated, the load factor is operated at 0 to 100%, and when two units are operated, the load factor per unit is operated at 50 to 100%. In the case of operating three units, the operation is performed with a higher load as the number of units increases, such as operation with a load factor of 67 to 100% per unit.

圧力に基づく制御を行うには、前述した数式３（または数式２）により求められる運転台数に応じた台数減少用圧力Ｃ以上になれば、１台停止させればよい。たとえば、２台運転している場合には、「｛（上限圧力ＰＨ−下限圧力ＰＬ）÷２）｝＋下限圧力ＰＬ」以上になると、圧縮機２を１台停止させる。また、３台運転している場合には、「｛（上限圧力ＰＨ−下限圧力ＰＬ）÷３｝＋下限圧力ＰＬ」以上になると、圧縮機２を１台停止させるというように、運転中の台数に基づき数式３により台数減少用圧力Ｃが設定される。   In order to perform the control based on the pressure, it is only necessary to stop one unit if the pressure is not less than the number-decreasing pressure C corresponding to the number of operating units determined by the above-described Formula 3 (or Formula 2). For example, when two units are operating, when “{(upper limit pressure PH−lower limit pressure PL) ÷ 2)} + lower limit pressure PL” or more, one compressor 2 is stopped. When three units are operating, when “{(upper limit pressure PH−lower limit pressure PL) ÷ 3} + lower limit pressure PL” or more, one compressor 2 is stopped so that one unit is stopped. The number-decreasing pressure C is set according to Equation 3 based on the number.

ここで、圧力センサ４による検出圧力Ｐが台数減少用圧力Ｃ以上の状態を設定時間継続後に、圧縮機２の運転台数を減少させるのが好ましい。これにより、１台を停止させた後に次の１台を停止させるまでに規定の時間を要し、次々と過剰に停止させるおそれがない。   Here, it is preferable to reduce the number of operating compressors 2 after the set time continues for a state in which the pressure P detected by the pressure sensor 4 is equal to or higher than the pressure C for reducing the number of units. As a result, it takes a specified time to stop the next one after stopping one, and there is no risk of stopping one after another.

ところで、レシーバタンク３の圧力のみでは、圧縮空気利用機器における圧縮空気の実際の使用負荷は分からない。そこで、台数制御器５は、圧力センサ４の検出圧力に加えて、各圧縮機２からの圧縮空気の吐出流量、または各圧縮機２の回転数、使用電流もしくは使用電力に基づき、圧縮機２の運転台数を補正するようにしてもよい。   By the way, the actual use load of the compressed air in the compressed air utilization device is not known only by the pressure of the receiver tank 3. Therefore, the number controller 5 adds the compressor 2 based on the discharge flow rate of the compressed air from each compressor 2 or the number of revolutions of each compressor 2, the current used or the power used, in addition to the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 4. The number of operating units may be corrected.

たとえば、各圧縮機２からレシーバタンク３への吐出配管に空気流量計を設置したり、レシーバタンク３から圧縮空気利用機器への吐出配管に空気流量計を設置したり、各圧縮機２の回転数や電流などを検出したりして、各圧縮機２の負荷率つまり空気負荷を把握する。そして、空気負荷に対応した圧縮機２の台数（能力）を設定しておき、過剰となる圧縮機２を停止させればよい。特に、図２の停止表から分かるように、台数が増加するほど台数減少用圧力Ｃの差異が狭くなり、最適動作台数がずれるおそれがあるので、各圧縮機２の消費電力などを監視し、台数減少用圧力または運転台数を補正してもよい。   For example, an air flow meter is installed in the discharge pipe from each compressor 2 to the receiver tank 3, an air flow meter is installed in the discharge pipe from the receiver tank 3 to the compressed air utilization device, or the rotation of each compressor 2 The load factor of each compressor 2, that is, the air load is grasped by detecting the number and current. And the number (capacity | capacitance) of the compressor 2 corresponding to an air load should be set, and the compressor 2 which becomes excess should just be stopped. In particular, as can be seen from the stop table in FIG. 2, the difference in the pressure C for decreasing the number decreases as the number increases, and the optimum operating number may be shifted. The pressure for decreasing the number of units or the number of operating units may be corrected.

あるいは、前記実施例では、レシーバタンク３の圧力により制御したが、場合により上述した空気流量にて制御してもよい。なお、電流の計測を行えば、空気負荷に対する電力消費を管理することができ、本発明の台数制御システム１の有無による省エネルギー効果をお知らせすることも可能となる。   Or in the said Example, although controlled by the pressure of the receiver tank 3, you may control by the air flow mentioned above depending on the case. If current is measured, the power consumption for the air load can be managed, and it is possible to notify the energy saving effect due to the presence or absence of the number control system 1 of the present invention.

また、台数制御器５は、各圧縮機２の使用電流または使用電力を監視し、使用電流または使用電力の少ない圧縮機２を優先して運転するようにしてもよい。さらに、配管の圧力損失、容量調整弁の誤差、機器同士の干渉などで、運転中の各圧縮機２が同じ吐出容量にならないおそれもあるので、各圧縮機２の消費電力を監視して、消費電力の少ない圧縮機を優先して動かす他、消費電力に一定以上の偏り（差異）がある場合には、お知らせを出して容量調整弁などのメンテナンスを促してもよい。   In addition, the number controller 5 may monitor the use current or the use power of each compressor 2 and may preferentially operate the compressor 2 with a small use current or use power. Furthermore, since there is a possibility that the compressors 2 during operation may not have the same discharge capacity due to pressure loss of piping, errors of capacity adjustment valves, interference between devices, etc., monitor the power consumption of each compressor 2, In addition to preferentially operating a compressor with low power consumption, if there is a certain amount of bias (difference) in power consumption, a notification may be issued to encourage maintenance such as a capacity adjustment valve.

複数台を同時に運転する場合において、仮に１台だけを容量制御し他を全負荷運転させる場合、容量調整を１台のみで行っているので、空気使用量が急激に減少した場合に、レシーバタンク３内の圧力が過上昇するおそれがある。ところが、本実施例の構成によれば、複数台の圧縮機２を運転する場合でも、すべてを容量制御するので、空気使用量が急激に減少した場合でも、複数台の圧縮機２の容量制御機能が並行して作用することで、レシーバタンク３内の圧力が過上昇するのを防止することができる。たとえ空気使用量が突然に全くなくなったとしても、空気圧力が過上昇することはない。   When operating multiple units at the same time, if only one unit is capacity controlled and the others are operated at full load, the capacity adjustment is performed with only one unit, so if the air usage decreases rapidly, the receiver tank There is a possibility that the pressure in 3 will rise excessively. However, according to the configuration of this embodiment, even when a plurality of compressors 2 are operated, the capacity is controlled for all, so even if the amount of air used is drastically reduced, the capacity control of the plurality of compressors 2 is performed. By the functions acting in parallel, it is possible to prevent the pressure in the receiver tank 3 from rising excessively. Even if the air usage suddenly disappears at all, the air pressure does not rise excessively.

複数台を同時に運転する場合において、仮に１台だけを容量制御し他を全負荷運転させる場合、各圧縮機２には全負荷運転に保持するためのフルロードロック機能が必要となる。ところが、この機能は圧縮機２に標準的に装備されている訳ではなく圧縮機２を改造する必要がある。しかしながら、本実施例のシステム１によれば、各圧縮機２にフルロードロック機能は不要であるから、各圧縮機２を改造する必要がない。   In the case of operating a plurality of units simultaneously, if only one unit is capacity-controlled and the others are operated at full load, each compressor 2 needs a full load lock function for holding at full load operation. However, this function is not normally provided in the compressor 2, and the compressor 2 needs to be modified. However, according to the system 1 of the present embodiment, each compressor 2 does not need a full load lock function, so that it is not necessary to modify each compressor 2.

また、運転台数の増加に応じて台数減少用圧力Ｃを下げると、運転中の各圧縮機２の負荷率は前述したように上がり、言い換えれば、各圧縮機２は吐出圧力が低い側で運転することになる。そして、一般に、圧縮機２は吐出圧力が低い側で運転するほど高効率なので、台数減少用圧力Ｃを下げることで、運転効率を向上することができる。   Further, when the pressure C for decreasing the number is lowered in accordance with the increase in the number of operating units, the load factor of each operating compressor 2 increases as described above. In other words, each compressor 2 operates on the side where the discharge pressure is low. Will do. In general, the compressor 2 is more efficient as it operates at a lower discharge pressure. Therefore, the operation efficiency can be improved by lowering the pressure C for decreasing the number of units.

本発明の圧縮機台数制御システム１は、前記実施例の構成に限らず適宜変更可能である。たとえば、各圧縮機２は、アンローダ機能を有していてもよい。その場合、前記実施例において、圧縮機２の起動と停止は、圧縮機２のロードとアンロードとすればよい。   The compressor number control system 1 of the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above-described embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate. For example, each compressor 2 may have an unloader function. In that case, in the embodiment, the compressor 2 may be started and stopped by loading and unloading the compressor 2.

また、各圧縮機２の容量制御の方法は、前記実施例のように圧縮機２の吸込側に設けた容量調整弁に限らず、従来公知の他の構成を採用することもできる。さらに、容量制御せずに、すべての圧縮機２を単にオンオフ制御やロード・アンロード制御するだけでもよい。   Further, the capacity control method of each compressor 2 is not limited to the capacity adjustment valve provided on the suction side of the compressor 2 as in the above-described embodiment, and other conventionally known configurations may be employed. Further, all the compressors 2 may be simply subjected to on / off control and load / unload control without capacity control.

また、前記実施例では、各圧縮機２からの圧縮空気はレシーバタンク３を介して圧縮空気利用機器へ送り、そのレシーバタンク３に圧力センサ４を設けたが、レシーバタンク３以外に、各圧縮機２から圧縮空気が供給される箇所、あるいは圧縮空気利用機器へ圧縮空気を送る箇所に、圧力センサ４を設けてもよい。   Moreover, in the said Example, although the compressed air from each compressor 2 was sent to the apparatus using compressed air via the receiver tank 3, and the pressure sensor 4 was provided in the receiver tank 3, in addition to the receiver tank 3, each compression The pressure sensor 4 may be provided at a location where the compressed air is supplied from the machine 2 or a location where the compressed air is sent to the device using the compressed air.

さらに、前記実施例では、各圧縮機は互いに同一の構成および吐出容量としたが、場合によりこれらは異ならせてもよい。たとえば、他と比べて２倍の吐出容量を有した圧縮機が含まれる場合、その圧縮機は２台分として制御すればよい。   Furthermore, in the said Example, although each compressor was set as the mutually same structure and discharge capacity, you may make these differ depending on the case. For example, when a compressor having a discharge capacity twice that of the other is included, the compressor may be controlled as two units.

１ 圧縮機台数制御システム
２ 圧縮機
３ レシーバタンク
４ 圧力センサ
５ 台数制御器
Ａ 台数増加用圧力
Ｂ 即時増加用圧力
Ｃ 台数減少用圧力 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor number control system 2 Compressor 3 Receiver tank 4 Pressure sensor 5 Number controller A Number of units increase pressure B Immediate increase pressure C Number of units decrease pressure

Claims (7)

複数台の圧縮機と、
これら圧縮機から圧縮空気が供給されると共に圧縮空気利用機器へ圧縮空気を送る箇所に設けられ、圧縮空気の圧力を検出する圧力センサと、
この圧力センサの検出圧力に基づき前記圧縮機の運転台数を変更する台数制御器とを備え、
前記台数制御器により運転台数を減少させるか否かの境界値としての台数減少用圧力は、運転台数が多いほど低くなるよう設定される
ことを特徴とする圧縮機台数制御システム。 Multiple compressors,
A pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the compressed air, which is provided at a location where the compressed air is supplied from these compressors and the compressed air is sent to the device using the compressed air;
A number controller for changing the number of operating compressors based on the pressure detected by the pressure sensor,
The compressor number control system, wherein the number reduction pressure as a boundary value as to whether or not the number of operating units is reduced by the number controller is set to be lower as the number of operating units increases. 前記各圧縮機は、同時に複数台が運転される場合でもすべてが容量制御され、
停止時を負荷率０％、全負荷時を負荷率１００％とした場合に、運転中の前記圧縮機の１台当たりの負荷率が次式により求められる停止負荷率以下になると、運転中の１台を停止させる
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の圧縮機台数制御システム。
停止負荷率（％）＝（運転台数−１）／運転台数×１００ Each of the compressors is capacity-controlled even when multiple units are operated at the same time,
When the load factor is 0% at the time of stop and the load factor is 100% at the time of full load, if the load factor per unit of the compressor in operation is less than or equal to the stop load factor obtained by the following equation, One unit is stopped. The compressor number control system according to claim 1, wherein one unit is stopped.
Stop load factor (%) = (Number of operating units-1) / Number of operating units × 100 前記各圧縮機は、その吐出側の圧力を、下限圧力ＰＬと上限圧力ＰＨとの間に維持するように容量制御され、
運転台数に応じた停止負荷率で運転中の１台を停止させるために、前記台数減少用圧力は運転台数に基づき次式により設定される
ことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の圧縮機台数制御システム。
台数減少用圧力＝｛（上限圧力ＰＨ−下限圧力ＰＬ）÷運転台数｝＋下限圧力ＰＬ Each of the compressors is capacity-controlled so as to maintain the pressure on the discharge side between the lower limit pressure PL and the upper limit pressure PH,
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure for decreasing the number of units is set according to the following equation based on the number of operating units in order to stop one unit in operation at a stop load factor corresponding to the number of operating units. Compressor number control system.
Number reduction pressure = {(Upper limit pressure PH−Lower limit pressure PL) ÷ Number of operating units} + Lower limit pressure PL 前記圧力センサによる検出圧力が前記台数減少用圧力以上の状態を設定時間継続後に、前記圧縮機の運転台数を減少させる
ことを特徴とする請求項３に記載の圧縮機台数制御システム。 4. The compressor number control system according to claim 3, wherein the number of operating compressors is decreased after a set time has continued in a state where the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is equal to or higher than the number reduction pressure. 前記各圧縮機からの圧縮空気は、共通のレシーバタンクへ供給された後、一または複数の圧縮空気利用機器へ送られ、
前記圧力センサは、前記レシーバタンクに設置され、
前記台数制御器により運転台数を増加させるか否かの境界値としての台数増加用圧力は、前記圧力センサの検出圧力Ｐの圧力変化率ΔＰに基づき異なるよう設定され、
圧力変化率ΔＰの絶対値が第一設定値ΔＰ１未満である場合には、前記圧力センサの検出圧力Ｐが、前記台数増加用圧力としての第二下限圧力ＰＬ２以下になると１台起動させ、
圧力変化率ΔＰの絶対値が第一設定値ΔＰ１以上であるが第二設定値ΔＰ２未満である場合には、前記圧力センサの検出圧力Ｐが前記台数増加用圧力としての第一下限圧力ＰＬ１以下になると１台起動させ、それでも第一下限圧力ＰＬ１以下を維持する場合、所定の連続起動防止時間を経過するごとに１台起動させるが、前記第一下限圧力ＰＬ１よりも低圧の第二下限圧力ＰＬ２以下になれば、前記連続起動防止時間の経過を待つことなくさらに１台起動させ、
圧力変化率ΔＰの絶対値が第二設定値ΔＰ２以上である場合には、前記圧力センサの検出圧力Ｐが前記台数増加用圧力としての前記上限圧力ＰＨ以下であると１台起動させ、それでも前記上限圧力ＰＨ以下を維持する場合、所定の連続起動防止時間を経過するごとに１台起動させるが、前記上限圧力ＰＨよりも低圧の第一下限圧力ＰＬ１以下になれば、前記連続起動防止時間の経過を待つことなくさらにもう１台起動させる
ことを特徴とする請求項３または請求項４に記載の圧縮機台数制御システム。 Compressed air from each of the compressors is supplied to a common receiver tank and then sent to one or more compressed air utilization devices,
The pressure sensor is installed in the receiver tank,
The number increase pressure as a boundary value for determining whether or not to increase the number of operating units by the number controller is set to be different based on the pressure change rate ΔP of the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor,
When the absolute value of the pressure change rate ΔP is less than the first set value ΔP1, when the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor becomes equal to or less than the second lower limit pressure PL2 as the number increase pressure, one unit is started,
When the absolute value of the pressure change rate ΔP is not less than the first set value ΔP1 but less than the second set value ΔP2, the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor is not more than the first lower limit pressure PL1 as the number increase pressure. When one of them is activated and still maintains the first lower limit pressure PL1 or lower, one unit is activated every time a predetermined continuous activation prevention time elapses, but the second lower limit pressure is lower than the first lower limit pressure PL1. If it becomes less than PL2, one more unit is started without waiting for the lapse of the continuous startup prevention time,
When the absolute value of the pressure change rate ΔP is greater than or equal to the second set value ΔP2, one unit is activated if the detected pressure P of the pressure sensor is less than or equal to the upper limit pressure PH as the pressure for increasing the number of units. In order to maintain the upper limit pressure PH or lower, one unit is started every time the predetermined continuous start prevention time elapses. However, if the first lower limit pressure PL1 lower than the upper limit pressure PH is reached, the continuous start prevention time is increased. 5. The compressor number control system according to claim 3, wherein another unit is started without waiting for progress. 前記台数制御器は、前記圧力センサの検出圧力に加えて、前記各圧縮機からの圧縮空気の吐出流量、または前記各圧縮機の回転数、使用電流もしくは使用電力に基づき、前記圧縮機の運転台数を変更する
ことを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の圧縮機台数制御システム。 The number controller is configured to operate the compressor based on the discharge flow rate of the compressed air from each compressor or the rotational speed, current used or power consumed by each compressor in addition to the pressure detected by the pressure sensor. The number of compressors control system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the number is changed. 前記台数制御器は、前記各圧縮機の使用電流または使用電力を監視し、
使用電流または使用電力の少ない圧縮機を優先して運転する
ことを特徴とする請求項６に記載の圧縮機台数制御システム。 The number controller monitors the current or power consumption of each compressor,
The compressor number control system according to claim 6, wherein the compressor is operated with priority on a compressor that uses less current or power.
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