JP4922599B2 - 異なる2種の炭化水素原料油の接触分解のための装置および方法 - Google Patents
異なる2種の炭化水素原料油の接触分解のための装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4922599B2 JP4922599B2 JP2005324549A JP2005324549A JP4922599B2 JP 4922599 B2 JP4922599 B2 JP 4922599B2 JP 2005324549 A JP2005324549 A JP 2005324549A JP 2005324549 A JP2005324549 A JP 2005324549A JP 4922599 B2 JP4922599 B2 JP 4922599B2
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- Prior art keywords
- riser
- feedstock
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- catalyst
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- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000001364 upper extremity Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
- B01J8/1827—Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1872—Details of the fluidised bed reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/26—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/04—Oxides
- C10G11/05—Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G51/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00327—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange
- B01J2208/00336—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
- B01J2208/00353—Non-cryogenic fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
- B01J2219/00027—Process aspects
- B01J2219/00038—Processes in parallel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/107—Atmospheric residues having a boiling point of at least about 538 °C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1077—Vacuum residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0411956A FR2877671B1 (fr) | 2004-11-09 | 2004-11-09 | Dispositif et procede pour le craquage catalytique de deux charges distinctes d'hydrocarbures |
| FR0411956 | 2004-11-09 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006137950A JP2006137950A (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
| JP2006137950A5 JP2006137950A5 (enExample) | 2008-12-25 |
| JP4922599B2 true JP4922599B2 (ja) | 2012-04-25 |
Family
ID=34951494
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005324549A Expired - Fee Related JP4922599B2 (ja) | 2004-11-09 | 2005-11-09 | 異なる2種の炭化水素原料油の接触分解のための装置および方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7597796B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1656989B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4922599B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR101249141B1 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE540751T1 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2877671B1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7582203B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2009-09-01 | Shell Oil Company | Hydrocarbon cracking process for converting gas oil preferentially to middle distillate and lower olefins |
| AU2005274030B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2008-11-20 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method and apparatus for making a middle distillate product and lower olefins from a hydrocarbon feedstock |
| CN101679880B (zh) * | 2007-04-13 | 2013-05-22 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 用于由烃原料生产中间馏分油产物和低级烯烃的系统和方法 |
| US20100200460A1 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2010-08-12 | Shell Oil Company | Systems and methods for making a middle distillate product and lower olefins from a hydrocarbon feedstock |
| FR2918070B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-27 | 2012-10-19 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Zone reactionnelle comportant deux risers en parallele et une zone de separation gaz solide commune en vue de la production de propylene |
| RU2474606C2 (ru) * | 2007-10-10 | 2013-02-10 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Системы и способы получения средних дистиллятов и низших олефинов из углеводородного сырья |
| FR2932495B1 (fr) * | 2008-06-17 | 2011-03-25 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Dispositif de controle des conditions operatoires dans une unite de craquage catalytique a deux risers. |
| WO2011025802A1 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Reduction of hindered dibenzothiophenes in fcc distillate via transalkylation of recycled naphthalenes |
| WO2011025803A1 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Reduction of hindered dibenzothiophenes in fcc products via transalkylaton of recycled long-chain alkylated dibenzothiophenes |
| US8609912B2 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2013-12-17 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Processing of feedstocks in separated reactor volumes |
| US9896627B2 (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2018-02-20 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Processes and systems for fluidized catalytic cracking |
| KR102102189B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-04-22 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 개별 제어가 가능한 복수의 라이저를 구비한 유동사 하강형 순환유동층 보일러 및 이의 운전방법 |
| US11629298B2 (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2023-04-18 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Dual fluid catalytic cracking reactor systems and methods for processing hydrocarbon feeds to produce olefins |
| WO2025045196A1 (zh) * | 2023-08-31 | 2025-03-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 制取低碳烯烃的催化转化方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3440020A (en) * | 1964-10-16 | 1969-04-22 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Catalytic conversion |
| US4417974A (en) * | 1982-08-23 | 1983-11-29 | Chevron Research Company | Riser cracking of catalyst-deactivating feeds |
| FR2584732B1 (fr) | 1985-07-10 | 1988-08-19 | Raffinage Cie Francaise | Procede et dispositif pour le craquage catalytique de charges d'hydrocarbures, avec controle de la temperature de reaction |
| CA1277822C (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1990-12-18 | Wolfgang Fritz Albert Theodor Meihack | Electrically heated fluidised bed reactor and processes employingsame |
| US4717467A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1988-01-05 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for mixing fluid catalytic cracking hydrocarbon feed and catalyst |
| US5194227A (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1993-03-16 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Multiple wye catalytic cracker and process for use |
| JP4178496B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-01 | 2008-11-12 | イエフペ | 分離・ストリッピング装置および同装置の流動床接触分解への使用 |
| US6113776A (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 2000-09-05 | Uop Llc | FCC process with high temperature cracking zone |
| US5944982A (en) | 1998-10-05 | 1999-08-31 | Uop Llc | Method for high severity cracking |
| US7102050B1 (en) * | 2000-05-04 | 2006-09-05 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Multiple riser reactor |
| JP4412886B2 (ja) * | 2001-08-29 | 2010-02-10 | 中國石油化工股▲分▼有限公司 | 石油炭化水素の接触分解処理 |
| US6846405B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2005-01-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Circulating fluid bed reactor system |
| US7008527B2 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2006-03-07 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Process for catalytic cracking two integrated cracking zones of different degrees of severity followed by a cooling zone |
-
2004
- 2004-11-09 FR FR0411956A patent/FR2877671B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-10-28 AT AT05292304T patent/ATE540751T1/de active
- 2005-10-28 EP EP05292304A patent/EP1656989B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-11-09 JP JP2005324549A patent/JP4922599B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-09 US US11/269,876 patent/US7597796B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-09 KR KR1020050107017A patent/KR101249141B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2006137950A (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
| EP1656989A1 (fr) | 2006-05-17 |
| FR2877671A1 (fr) | 2006-05-12 |
| KR101249141B1 (ko) | 2013-03-29 |
| US20060113217A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
| ATE540751T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
| EP1656989B1 (fr) | 2012-01-11 |
| KR20060052559A (ko) | 2006-05-19 |
| FR2877671B1 (fr) | 2008-10-17 |
| US7597796B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
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