JP4920491B2 - Osmosis system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an infiltration system suitable for underground infiltration of wastewater such as rainwater.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a rainwater storage and penetration tank that prevents flooding of a lower road of a three-dimensional intersection during a thunderstorm, a typhoon, or the like. In this rainwater storage and infiltration tank, the bottom of the three-dimensional intersection is formed by stacking and sinking a cylindrical bottom wall block and a side wall block made of precast reinforced concrete, placing the bottom slab concrete, and installing the upper floor slab block. A storage space of a predetermined volume corresponding to the expected amount of rainwater during heavy rain such as on roads is formed in the basement. Further, a permeation hole is formed in the bottom wall block, and crushed stone or the like is introduced onto the bottom slab concrete to form a permeation layer. Furthermore, a water collecting basin is installed on the ground surface, and the water collecting basin is connected to the storage space via a water conduit and a water intake hole.

In this rainwater storage and penetration tank, rainwater on the ground surface is taken through a water intake hole or the like and temporarily stored in a storage space. This drains a large amount of rainwater from the ground surface. Moreover, the rainwater stored in the storage space is naturally discharged by gradually infiltrating into the ground through an infiltration hole or the like.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-61953

  In osmosis systems (osmosis tanks and osmosis tanks), mud, stones, plastic bottles, vinyl, and other debris generally flow into the interior along with drainage such as rainwater, and these debris must be removed periodically. However, a relatively large infiltration system is often installed under a road or a parking lot. In this case, the internal depth often exceeds 4 meters. Therefore, in such an infiltration system, in many cases, it is not easy to take out the dust accumulated at the bottom.

  In the case of the rainwater storage and infiltration tank described in Patent Document 1, it is considered that garbage accumulates on the infiltration layer. As described above, the rainwater storage and infiltration tank described in Patent Document 1 requires a predetermined volume of storage space corresponding to the expected amount of rainwater during heavy rain, so the depth from the ground to the top of the infiltration layer is several It can be considered to be a meter. Therefore, even in the rainwater storage and penetration tank described in Patent Document 1, it is not easy to take out the dust collected on the penetration layer.

  In order to take out the waste flowing into the infiltration system relatively easily, for example, in the case of the rainwater storage tank described in Patent Document 1 before the infiltration system, for example, the side wall provided on the top with the water conduit Another possible measure is to install a relatively shallow concrete fence (bottomed cylindrical block) between the blocks and collect garbage in this fence.

  However, when such a jar is provided, it is necessary to provide a lid on the jar in order to remove dust from the jar, apart from a lid provided for cleaning or maintaining the inside of the infiltration system. In systems installed on roads and parking lots, it is necessary to use lids that can handle heavy loads, for example, wheel loads, and lids that can handle heavy loads are heavy in concrete and difficult to open and close, so cast iron is generally used. A made lid is used. Cast iron lids are relatively expensive, and the cost increases as the number of cast iron lids increases. Moreover, when providing the above ridges, it is necessary to install in a place different from the osmosis system, for example, outside the osmosis system. Therefore, in order to install the dredger, it is necessary to separately perform operations such as leveling the crushed stone and adjusting the height with the ground. As described above, a measure that requires a separate cage or cast iron lid on the outside of the infiltration system is not a preferable measure.

One embodiment of the present invention is an infiltration system including a lower structure, a plate-like member, and an upper structure. This infiltration system may be an infiltration system including a storage function. The lower structure includes a concrete peripheral wall, and at least a part of the peripheral wall has water permeability. The infiltration system is an upper structure that is provided with a water introduction port and has a concrete peripheral wall, and further includes an upper structure in which an entrance through which a worker enters and exits is provided in the ceiling wall, a lower structure, and an upper structure Including an intermediate floor made of concrete that is sandwiched between the body and covers the upper part of the lower structure. The intermediate floor has a strength that allows workers to get on and is large enough for workers to enter and exit. The reticulated member is attached to the opening .

  According to this permeation system, the wastewater introduced from the water introduction port flows into the lower structure through a flow path passing through a part of the opening of the plate-like member constituting the intermediate floor, and the peripheral wall of the lower structure is It penetrates into the ground (stratum). Therefore, even if one or more water inlets are provided in various directions of the upper structure, and even if the amount of water flowing in varies, their drainage always passes through the opening of the intermediate floor, The place where the flow path is formed at least in the vicinity of the opening is limited. For this reason, by providing a net-like member in the middle of the flow path, stones, plastic bottles, vinyl, and other garbage and part of earth and sand introduced from the water inlet along with the drainage are caught by the net-like member. It accumulates on the upstream side of the member, that is, on the space formed by the plate-like member and the upper structure, mainly on the intermediate floor.

  Further, the flow path often passes through at least a part of the intermediate floor, and in this case, mud and sand (sediment) accumulate on the intermediate floor, and the amount of earth and sand flowing into the lower structure can be suppressed. For this reason, not only garbage but also a part of earth and sand can be collected on the intermediate floor. Therefore, the penetration performance of the lower structure can be kept good. Further, when the flow path passes through at least a part of the intermediate floor, it is easy to deposit stones, plastic bottles, vinyl, and other garbage on the intermediate floor and before the mesh member. Furthermore, when the flow path passes through at least a part of the intermediate floor, the width of the flow path is widened and the flow velocity is reduced, so that dust and earth and sand are likely to accumulate on the intermediate floor.

  Further, the intermediate floor can be installed at a relatively shallow position (a position not far from the ground) above the bottom of the lower structure, that is, the bottom of the infiltration system. For this reason, it is relatively easy to take out (discharge) the dust accumulated on the intermediate floor.

  According to this osmosis system, waste and earth and sand introduced together with drainage can be stored on the lower structure, mainly on the intermediate floor, in the space formed by the plate-like member and the upper structure. . Further, when the permeation system has a sufficient size, an operator can enter the lower structure from the intermediate floor through the opening when maintenance of the lower structure is required. Therefore, it has a structure in which a space for storing waste and earth and sand and a space for infiltration are stacked one above the other, and there is no need to provide a separate lid or cast iron lid outside the infiltration system. Can be taken out easily. That is, in this osmosis system, it is possible to omit the waste storage basket provided outside the osmosis system. For this reason, when omitting the garbage storage basket, it is not necessary to lay this basket, so that the crushed stone and its leveling can be omitted and the construction period can be shortened. Furthermore, the upper structure may be provided with an entrance (entrance / exit) for the worker to enter, in which case the entrance has a high strength to protect against earth pressure and / or wheel loads. Closed by a lid. A high-strength lid for protecting the entrance for the worker to enter the upper structure against earth pressure and / or wheel load is substantially the entrance (plate-like member) for entering the lower structure. It also serves as a high-strength lid for protecting the opening), and the number of lids made of cast iron can be reduced.

  Further, by making the plate-like member made of concrete, a member having a strength that can withstand the weight of dirt and mud can be provided at low cost. In addition, an intermediate floor formed of a concrete plate-like member can easily obtain sufficient strength by using a plate-like member having an appropriate thickness. For this reason, the board | substrate which supports an upper structure can be comprised by putting a plate-shaped member on the surrounding wall of a lower structure. It is also possible for a person to get on an intermediate floor formed by placing a plate-like member on the peripheral wall of the lower structure. Therefore, the intermediate floor also functions as a landing, and workers get down to the intermediate floor (get on the intermediate floor) and collect and discharge garbage or earth or clean it. be able to. At this time, since the intermediate floor is at a relatively shallow position, the worker can easily get down to the intermediate floor. The intermediate floor also functions to prevent the worker from falling.

  In this infiltration system, it is sufficient that the peripheral wall of the lower structure has at least a part of water permeability. For example, a part of the whole or part of the peripheral wall having porosity can be used. An example of the peripheral wall of the lower structure is provided with a plurality of openings that are large enough not to allow the surrounding gravel or crushed stone to pass therethrough. Another example of the lower structure is provided with a porous portion made of porous concrete.

  In this permeation system, an example of the mesh member is one in which the periphery of the mesh is surrounded by a frame member such as an L-shaped channel. A suitable mesh member is made of steel. When this steel mesh member is used, it is preferable to select a rust-resistant member such as a galvanized member or a stainless member. As the steel mesh member, for example, a punching metal or an expanded metal can be used. In order to prevent dust from flowing into the lower structure as much as possible and to accumulate it on the intermediate floor, it is preferable that the mesh size of the mesh member is approximately 2 cm or less.

  The infiltration system further includes an internal wall that rises upward from the intermediate floor, the flow path passes through at least a part of the intermediate floor, and the internal wall becomes a weir (passover weir, dam) in the middle of the flow path. It is preferable. Alternatively, the permeation system further includes a concrete cylindrical block installed so as to cover the opening of the intermediate floor, and the flow path passes through at least a part of the intermediate floor, and the peripheral wall of the cylindrical block Is preferably a weir (passing weir) in the middle of the flow path. The area before the weir becomes an area where mud (sediment) contained in the drainage water and stones sink and separate, and the sediment flowing into the lower structure through the opening of the intermediate floor can be reduced.

  The mesh member may be provided anywhere in the middle of the flow path. For example, the mesh member can be provided so as to cover the opening. Moreover, when it has the cylindrical block made from concrete installed so that the opening part of an intermediate floor may be covered, you may provide a net-like member so that the upper opening of a cylindrical block may be covered.

  Since the water inlet is usually at most about 300 mm in diameter, the size of the opening of the intermediate floor does not need to be significantly larger than the water inlet. Therefore, the mesh member installed in the opening may not be so large. For example, the opening may have a diameter of about 500 to 700 mm in the case of an outer circular shape and about 500 mm square to 700 mm square in the case of an outer square shape, and the size of the mesh member may correspond to that. The opening may be expanded to a size along the inner wall of the upper structure or along the inner wall of the lower structure, and the mesh member covering the opening may be given strength as an intermediate floor. Cost, and it becomes difficult to separate mud (sediment) on the intermediate floor.

  In this infiltration system, it is preferable that the upper structure includes a ceiling wall, and an entrance through which an operator enters and exits is partially opened. By providing the upper structure with a ceiling wall having an entrance through which an operator can enter and exit, the operator can enter the space formed by the plate-like member and the upper structure through the entrance. And the worker can clean the garbage collected on the intermediate floor. The entrance / exit can be sized so that workers can enter and exit, for example, a diameter of about 500 to 700 mm in the case of an outer circular shape, and a size of about 500 mm square to 700 mm square in the case of an outer square shape.

  The opening of the intermediate floor is also preferably of a size corresponding to the entrance / exit, that is, a size allowing workers to enter and exit. By doing in this way, a worker can enter the inside of the lower structure through the opening. And an operator can clean the inside of a lower structure, or can maintain the inside of a system. When the opening is less than 500 mm in diameter or less than 500 mm square, it is difficult for an operator to enter and leave the opening. On the other hand, if the opening exceeds 700 mm in diameter or exceeds 700 mm square, the size of the mesh member provided in the middle of the flow path may also increase accordingly. The larger the size of the mesh member, the higher the cost. Therefore, for example, the opening of the intermediate floor is preferably about 500 to 700 mm in diameter in the case of an outer circular shape, and about 500 mm square to 700 mm square in the case of an outer square shape.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the mesh member is divided into a plurality of parts. When a worker enters the lower structure through the opening, it is possible to draw out the mesh member (each member constituting the mesh member) from the doorway to the outside.

  An example of a mesh member that can be divided into a plurality of members includes a plurality of members that are surrounded by a frame member such as an L-shaped channel around a small-sized mesh. In this case, the frame member surrounding the periphery of the net serves as a beam. Therefore, the strength of the mesh member can be increased.

  FIG. 1 shows a side view of an infiltration system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows the infiltration system of FIG. 1 in a longitudinal section. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view) cut along the line III-III in FIG. The infiltration system (infiltration tank, infiltration basin) 1 a includes a lower structure 2, a plate-like member 3, an upper structure 4, and a net-like member 5.

  The lower structure 2 includes a concrete bottom wall 21 and three concrete-made hollow (square tube-shaped) first blocks 22a, 22b and 22c. The bottom wall 21 is a concrete plate (concrete wall body, concrete plate-like member) prefabricated (precast) with concrete in a factory. The bottom wall 21 is, for example, a plate having a square of about 1700 mm on one side and a thickness of 100 mm (about 1700 × 1700 × 100 mm). An opening 23 is provided at a substantially central portion of the bottom wall 21. The opening 23 is, for example, a planar circular hole having a diameter of 1000 mm.

  Each of the first blocks 22a to 22c is a hollow block having a rectangular parallelepiped shape that has been prefabricated (precast) in a factory with concrete (a wall not provided with an upper wall and a bottom wall). The peripheral walls of the first blocks 22 a to 22 c constitute the peripheral wall (first peripheral wall) 24 of the lower structure 2. Each of the outer shapes of the first blocks 22a to 22c has a square shape of about 1700 × 1700 in a plan view, a height of about 1000 mm, and a thickness of each peripheral wall 24 is about 100 mm. For this reason, the internal space formed by each of these first blocks 22a to 22c has a plan view of about 1500 × 1500 mm and a height of about 1000 mm. Therefore, the internal space S1 of the lower structure 2 is a square of about 1500 × 1500 mm in plan view and has a height of about 3000 mm. Each of the four peripheral walls 24 of the first blocks 22a to 22c is provided with a plurality of openings 25 and has water permeability. In this example, one peripheral wall 24 is provided with 6 × 4 = 24 openings 25. The opening 25 has a rectangular shape that is long in the vertical direction when viewed from the inside, and both side portions and the lower portion of the opening 25 extend from the inside to the outside. The opening 25 has a width of, for example, about 20 mm, and has a size such that the crushed stone 92 backfilled outside the peripheral wall 24 does not pass or is difficult to pass.

  In the lower structure 2, three first blocks 22 a to 22 c are stacked vertically on the bottom wall 21. That is, the lower end surface (the lower end surface of the lower structure 2, the lower opening) 26 of the lowermost first block 22 c is covered (closed) by the bottom wall 21. The lower structure 2 constitutes a bottomed rectangular tube-shaped ridge as a whole.

  The plate-like member 3 is a concrete plate (concrete wall, concrete plate-like member) prefabricated (precast) with concrete in a factory. The size of the plate-like member 3 is, for example, a square of about 1700 × 1700 mm in plan view and a thickness of about 100 mm. An opening 31 is provided in a part of the plate-like member 3. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the opening 31 is provided at a position shifted from the center, in this example, at a position offset in a direction away from a water inlet 45 described later. The opening 31 is, for example, a flat rectangular hole of about 600 × 600 mm. The opening 31 may be a circular hole having a diameter of about 600 mm, for example.

  Since this plate-like member 3 is made of concrete except for the opening 31, it is substantially water-impermeable and forms an intermediate floor inside the infiltration system 1a. The plate-like member 3 is placed on the peripheral wall 24 of the lower structure 2, specifically on the upper end surface (upper end surface of the lower structure 2, upper opening) 27 of the uppermost first block 22 a. The lower structure 2 is mounted so as to cover (close) the lower structure 2.

  The opening 31 of the plate member 3 is covered with the mesh member 5. The net member 5 is divided into two. In this example, the mesh member 5 includes two small mesh members 51a and 51b. Each net member 51a and 51b surrounds a net 52 made of stainless steel expanded metal by a frame member 53 such as a stainless steel L-shaped channel. The two net members 51a and 51b have the same shape, and each has a rectangular shape in a plan view of about 300 × 600 mm. Each of the net members 51 a and 51 b is provided with a beam 54 by a flat bar at an intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction, and a handle 55 is provided on the beam 54. The net members 51 a and 51 b are provided so as to cover the opening 31 in a state where the protruding portion of the L-shaped frame member 53 is hooked on the edge of the opening 31.

  The upper structure 4 includes a second block 41 made of concrete. The second block 41 is a hollow block having a rectangular parallelepiped shape that is prefabricated (precast) in a factory with concrete, and is a bowl-shaped block that has an upper wall 42 and is not provided with a bottom wall. The second block 41 constitutes a ceiling wall 42 and a peripheral wall (second peripheral wall) 43 of the upper structure 4. The external shape of the second block 41 is a square of about 1700 × 1700 mm in plan view, the height is about 1000 mm, and the thickness of the peripheral wall 43 is about 100 mm. Therefore, the internal space formed by the second block 41, that is, the internal space S2 of the upper structure 4 is a square of about 1500 × 1500 mm in plan view and has a height of about 900 mm. In order to reduce the weight of the upper structure 4, recesses 44 are respectively formed on the outer sides of the four peripheral walls 43 of the second block 41. A water inlet 45 is provided on one of the four peripheral walls 43 of the second block 41. The water introduction port 45 has a configuration in which a drainage pipe 90 penetrates a part of the peripheral wall 43, and the drainage pipe 90 communicates with a water collection part (a water collection system) such as a gutter. In addition, the peripheral wall 43 of the second block 41 of the present example is a concrete wall except for the water inlet 45, and thus is substantially impermeable (impermeable, water-stopping). It does not have an opening for water immersion corresponding to the opening 25 or a porous portion made of porous concrete.

  An entrance / exit 46 is provided on the upper wall (ceiling wall) 42 of the second block 41. As shown in FIG. 2, the entrance / exit 46 is provided at a position shifted from the center. In this example, the entrance / exit 46 is provided directly above the opening 31 of the plate-like member 3. The entrance / exit 46 is, for example, a circular hole having a diameter of about 600 mm. A height adjustment ring 91 that also serves as a lid receiver is mounted on the entrance / exit 46 so as to surround the entrance / exit 46. A lid 99 made of cast iron having a diameter of about 600 mm is mounted on the adjustment ring 91, and the entrance / exit 46 is closed. It is. The entrance / exit 46 may be, for example, a rectangular hole of about 600 × 600 mm.

  The second block 41 is mounted on the plate member 3, and the plate member 3 is mounted on the lower structure 2. That is, the lower end surface (the lower end surface of the upper structure 4, the lower opening) 47 of the peripheral wall 43 of the second block 41 is in contact with the plate member 3, and the plate member 3 is connected to the peripheral wall 24 of the lower structure 2 (one It is sandwiched between the upper end surface 27 of the upper peripheral wall 24 of the first block 22a and the lower end surface 47 of the peripheral wall 43 of the upper structure 4 (the peripheral wall 43 of the second block 41).

  This infiltration system 1a is embedded, for example, under a road or a parking lot. In this infiltration system 1a, a lower structure 2, a plate-like member 3, and an upper structure 4 are laminated in this order from the bottom. Therefore, this infiltration system 1a can be constructed by embedding the lower structure 2, the plate-like member 3 and the upper structure 4 in this order from the bottom to the top. By burying the permeation system 1a, a drainage storage space S1 can be formed under a road or a parking lot. In this infiltration system 1a, the three first blocks 22a to 22c are all porous for infiltration, but the bottom one or more blocks are impervious to collect drainage (rainwater). It may be possible to use it as a storage space.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a single-grain crushed stone layer 92 is formed around the lower structure 2. A water-permeable sheet may be provided between the crushed stone layer 92 and the underground (the formation) 94. Around the upper structure 4, a buried earth layer 93 of earth and sand is formed. The water inlet 45 of the upper structure 4 is communicated with a water collecting part such as a gutter through a drain pipe 90 passing through the formation 93.

  Drainage such as rainwater is collected (collected) in a gutter, etc., passes through the drainage pipe 90, and flows into the interior S2 of the upper structure 4 of the infiltration system 1a from the water inlet 45. In this infiltration system 1a, the wastewater introduced from the water introduction port 45 passes through a part of the space S2 formed by the plate-like member 3 and the upper structure 4 and a part of the intermediate floor 3, and passes through the opening 31. Accordingly, a flow path F reaching the interior S1 of the lower structure 2 is formed. Through this flow path F, the wastewater that has flowed into the lower structure 2 penetrates into the crushed stone layer 92 from the opening 25 provided intermittently on the peripheral wall 24 of the lower structure 2 and the opening 23 of the bottom wall 21, It penetrates into the ground (the formation) 94 through this layer 92.

  In this infiltration system 1a, the mesh member 5 is provided in the middle of the flow path F so as to cover the opening 31. For this reason, the wastewater introduced from the water inlet 45 passes through the mesh member 5 and flows into the lower structure 2. At that time, most of the stones, plastic bottles, vinyl, and other garbage introduced from the water introduction port 45 together with the drainage are caught by the mesh member 5 and do not flow downstream, upstream from the mesh member 5, That is, it accumulates on the space S <b> 2 formed by the plate-like member 3 and the upper structure 4, mainly on the intermediate floor 3. Moreover, in this osmosis | permeation system 1a, a part of intermediate floor 3 is contained in the flow path F, and waste_water | drain flows on a floor. For this reason, mud, gravel (earth and sand), etc. contained in the drainage are also likely to accumulate on the intermediate floor 3 and remain on the intermediate floor 3. Further, since the flow path F passes through a part on the intermediate floor 3, stones, plastic bottles, vinyl, and other garbage are likely to accumulate on the intermediate floor 3 and in front of the mesh member 5. Furthermore, since the flow path F passes through a part on the intermediate floor 3, the width of the flow path F is wide and the flow velocity is reduced. Therefore, dust and earth and sand are likely to accumulate on the intermediate floor 3.

  Mud and garbage collected on the intermediate floor 3 are taken out from the entrance 46 periodically. At this time, since the intermediate floor 3 is a relatively shallow position, in this example, a position lowered by about 1 m from the ground, it is easy to take out (discharge) the dust accumulated on the intermediate floor 3. In addition, fine mud may pass through the mesh member 5 and collect on the bottom of the lower structure 2. If it is fine mud, it can be washed with water and pumped up by a submersible pump introduced into the lower structure 2 through the opening 31 of the intermediate floor 3.

  Moreover, in this infiltration system 1a, since the plate-shaped member 3 is made of concrete, the intermediate floor 3 of the plate-shaped member is inexpensive and has high strength. Further, the plate-like member 3 is mounted on the peripheral wall 24 of the lower structure 2 and is sandwiched between the lower structure 2 and the upper structure 4. For this reason, although it is a simple structure, the intermediate | middle floor 3 supported in the stable state in the space formed in the ground by the lower structure 2 and the upper structure 4 is formed. Therefore, the intermediate floor 3 can withstand the weight of dirt and mud and can be ridden by people. Therefore, the worker can get down to the intermediate floor 3 (get on the intermediate floor 3), collect the waste and discharge it, or clean it. At this time, since the intermediate floor 3 is in a relatively shallow position, the worker can easily get down to the intermediate floor 3. Even if an operator falls into the infiltration system 1a, there is an intermediate floor 3 between the upper structure 4 and the lower structure 2. The bottom of the infiltration system 1a is not reached.

  In the permeation system 1a, the mesh member 5 is divided into a plurality of parts. Therefore, when the worker enters the lower structure 2 through the opening 31, the mesh member 5 (the mesh constituting the mesh member 5) is used. The members 51a and 51b) can be pulled out from the entrance 46. Further, the mesh member 5 includes two mesh members 51a and 51b, and the frame member 53 surrounding the mesh 52 serves as a beam (reinforcing material), so that the strength is high. Therefore, an operator can get on the mesh member 5.

  As described above, according to the infiltration system 1a, the wastewater introduced from the water introduction port 45 provided in the upper structure 4 is infiltrated into the ground in the lower structure 2 and discharged outside the system 1a. be able to. In addition, the dust and earth and sand introduced together with the drainage can be stored on the space S <b> 2 formed by the plate-like member 3 and the upper structure 4, mainly on the intermediate floor 3. For this reason, it is possible to easily take out the dust without separately providing a dust removal or sand sinking cage outside the infiltration system 1a. There is no need for another basket for removing dust on the outside of the infiltration system 1a, and a cast iron lid for entering and leaving the bowl from the ground surface is not necessary. Furthermore, since the entrance / exit 46 prepared in the upper structure 4 also serves as an entrance / exit (on the ground surface) to the lower structure 2, only one cast iron lid may be disposed on the ground surface. In addition, since it is not necessary to provide a garbage trap for the outside of the infiltration system 1a, for example, outside the upper structure 4, crushed stones and other construction for laying this basket can be omitted. Therefore, the construction period for constructing the infiltration system 1a can be shortened.

  Moreover, in this infiltration system 1a, the cross-sectional shape of the lower structure 2 and the cross-sectional shape of the upper structure 4 are substantially equal, and the plate member 3 made of concrete is used for the lower structure 2 and the upper structure 4. It corresponds to the outer shape, and is sandwiched between the upper end portion 27 of the peripheral wall 24 of the lower structure 2 and the lower end portion 47 of the peripheral wall 43 of the upper structure 4. In this infiltration system 1a, in order to position the plate-like member 3 between the lower structure 2 and the upper structure 4, other structures for fixing or supporting the plate-like member 3, such as beams, braces, etc. Although it may be provided, it is basically unnecessary. In order to accurately determine the position of the plate-like member 3 with respect to the peripheral walls 24 and 43, the plate-like member 3 and the upper structure 4 are positioned between the upper end portion 27 of the peripheral wall 24 of the lower structure 2 and the plate-like member 3. Between the lower end portion 47 of the peripheral wall 43, a protrusion can be provided on one side and a groove can be provided on the other side so that they can be engaged with each other. Moreover, you may fix them using the method of fixing to the insert embed | buried in the predetermined position of each concrete board and a block with the metal fitting for positioning, and a flat bar. Further, between the first blocks 22a to 22c and between the bottom wall 21 may be similarly fixed using a combination of protrusions and grooves or a positioning fitting.

  Further, by making the cross-sectional shape of the upper structure 4 substantially equal to the cross-sectional shape of the lower structure 2, the plate-like member 3 and the upper structure can be obtained without making the depth of the upper structure 4 much deeper. A space S2 that is formed by the body 4 and accumulates garbage can be secured satisfactorily.

  Furthermore, according to this permeation system 1a, the interior of the system 1a is separated vertically by the plate-like member (intermediate floor) 3. Therefore, the space S2 for collecting waste and the space S1 for allowing drainage to permeate can be made independent. Moreover, the plate-like member 3 also has an effect of shielding the sound (water falling sound) that the drainage falls on the lower structure 2.

  In addition, forming the intermediate floor with the plate-like member 3 and capturing the dust with the net-like member 5 installed in the opening 31 of the intermediate floor 3 facilitates the collection of the dust and is provided in the lower structure 2. This is also effective in preventing a situation where the permeation hole (opening) 25 is clogged with dust and the permeation performance is lowered. Therefore, it is desirable that the intermediate floor 3 is provided above the permeable blocks 22 a to 22 c of the lower structure 2. That is, when the plate-like member 3 is provided between the permeable blocks, for example, between the block 22a and the block 22b, or between the block 22b and the block 22c, the penetration hole (opening) 25 is clogged with dust. There is a risk that the permeation performance may be reduced. According to the permeation system 1a, the plate-like member 3 is provided between the non-permeable block 41 and the permeable block 22a, so that the penetration hole (opening) 25 is clogged with dust, and the penetration performance. Can be prevented from happening.

  That is, according to the permeation system 1a, the plate-like member 3 having the opening 31 is sandwiched between the upper non-permeable block 41 and the lower permeable block 22a, and more specifically, The permeable block 22a and the non-permeable block 41 are disposed adjacent to each other with the plate-like member 3 interposed therebetween so as to prevent the penetration hole (opening) 25 from being clogged with dust. Yes. It is also possible to provide a block having a permeation hole above the plate-like member 3 in case a large amount of drainage flows in an emergency, in which case it is arranged below the plate-like member 3, Usually, it is possible to prevent clogging of the permeation holes used for permeating the waste water.

  On the other hand, a block whose peripheral wall is impermeable may be included below the intermediate floor 3, that is, in the lower structure 2. For example, if one or more blocks including the lowermost block of the lower structure 2 are impermeable, it is possible to form a space in the lower structure 2 for storing rainwater and reusing it.

  FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an infiltration system 1b according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view) cut along the line VV in FIG. This infiltration system 1b has most of the same configuration as the infiltration system 1a described above, and further includes a rectangular block 6 made of concrete that is installed so as to cover the opening 31 of the intermediate floor 3. . The block 6 may have a cylindrical shape as long as the wall 61 surrounding the opening 31 of the intermediate floor 3 can be formed. The flow path F in the permeation system 1b passes through a part of the intermediate floor 3 and over the peripheral wall 61 of the rectangular tube-shaped block 6 as in the case of the permeation system 1a of the first embodiment. To 31. Therefore, the peripheral wall (inner wall) 61 formed by the square cylindrical block 6 is a weir (passing over weir) in the middle of the flow path F. The height of the peripheral wall 61 of the cylindrical block 6 is set such that the level of the upper end 63 is located below the level of the water inlet 45, and the drainage flows back from the water inlet 45. It is preventing.

  By providing a dam (dam) with the inner wall 61 in the middle of the flow path F leading to the opening 31, the earth and sand contained in the wastewater flowing from the introduction port 45 further accumulates (sinks) on the intermediate floor 3 in the trouble of the weir. , Gravity separation), and it is possible to prevent the earth and sand from flowing into the lower structure 2 together with the drainage. Furthermore, in this infiltration system 1b, the mesh member 5 is provided so as to cover the upper opening 62 of the cylindrical block 6 instead of the opening 31 of the intermediate floor 3. In addition, since the other structure is the same as that of the osmosis | permeation system 1a of 1st Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to drawing and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an infiltration system 1c according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view) cut along the line VII-VII in FIG. This infiltration system 1c was replaced with a concrete cylindrical block 6 installed so as to cover the opening 31 of the intermediate floor 3 of the infiltration system 1b of the second embodiment, and stood up from the intermediate floor 3 An internal wall 7 is provided. The inner wall 7 is, for example, a metal plate such as stainless steel or galvanized steel plate, and can be fixed by bolting to the plate-like member 3 and / or an insert embedded in the peripheral wall 43. As shown in FIG. 7, the length of the inner wall 7 is substantially equal to the length of one side of the space, and is provided so as to divide the intermediate floor 3 into two regions. As with the peripheral wall 61, the height of the inner wall 7 is set to a height at which the level of the upper end portion is located below the level of the water inlet 45. Since the inner wall 7 also functions as a dam (dam), the sediment that flows in along with the drainage can be deposited and separated on the intermediate floor 3 upstream of the inner wall 7. The net member 5 is provided so as to cover the opening 31 of the intermediate floor 3. In addition, since the other structure is the same as that of the osmosis | permeation system 1a of 1st Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to drawing and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  According to the infiltration systems 1b and 1c of the second and third embodiments, the waste water that has flowed into the upper structure 4 passes over the weirs (the peripheral wall 61 of the cylindrical block 6 and the inner wall 7) and passes through the intermediate floor. 3 flows into the lower structure 2 from the opening 31. Therefore, according to the infiltration systems 1b and 1c of the second and third embodiments, not only dust but also mud, particularly fine mud, can be stored on the intermediate floor 3. It is also possible to prevent stones and the like from blocking the mesh member 5.

  In the infiltration systems 1a to 1c according to the first to third embodiments, the concrete bottom wall 21 included in the lower structure 2 may be water-impermeable, and at least a part thereof is water-permeable. May be sex. Further, the bottom wall 21 of the lower structure 2 can be omitted. You may throw crushed stone etc. into the inside of the lower structure 2, or spread crushed stone etc. on the bottom part of the lower structure 2.

  In the infiltration systems 1a to 1c according to the first to third embodiments, the lower structure 2 includes three first blocks 22a to 22c, but the first block included in the lower structure 2 The number of is arbitrary. The number and size of the first blocks can be arbitrarily set by, for example, an internal space (internal volume) S1 required for the lower structure 2.

  Furthermore, although the permeation systems 1a to 1c according to the first to third embodiments divide the mesh member 5 into two, the mesh member does not have to be divided, and more than three. It may be divided.

  Moreover, although the penetration system 1a-1c concerning the said 1st thru | or 3rd embodiment becomes a square cylinder shape, a cylindrical shape etc. may be sufficient. In the infiltration systems 1a to 1c according to the first to third embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the lower structure 2 and the cross-sectional shape of the upper structure 4 are substantially the same. The cross sectional shape may be smaller than the cross sectional shape of the lower structure 2. Further, the upper structure 4 may be such that at least a part of the peripheral wall 43 is inclined so that the cross-sectional shape becomes smaller from the lower side toward the upper side.

  In the permeation system of the present invention, the volume of the space for storing the waste and the volume of the space for allowing the drainage to permeate can be set independently. Therefore, this infiltration system may make the cross-sectional shape of the upper structure smaller than the cross-sectional shape of the lower structure. By making the cross-sectional shape of the upper structure smaller than the cross-sectional shape of the lower structure, the lower structure has a large surface area and good permeability, and the upper structure is small, so it is relatively easy. The structure can withstand heavy loads, for example, wheel loads.

The side view which shows the osmosis | permeation system concerning the 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the osmosis system of FIG. 1. Sectional drawing cut | disconnected and shown along the III-III line in FIG. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the osmosis | permeation system concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing cut | disconnected and shown along the VV line in FIG. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the osmosis | permeation system concerning the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing cut | disconnected and shown along the VII-VII line in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1a, 1b, 1c seepage system, 2 lower structure 3 plate-like member (intermediate floor), 4 upper structure 5 net-like member, 6 cylindrical block 7 inner wall (passing weir), 24 peripheral wall 31 of lower structure 43, opening of the member, 43 peripheral wall 45 of the upper structure 45 water inlet, 46 inlet / outlet 61 peripheral wall of the cylindrical block (passing weir), F channel S2 space formed by the plate member and the upper structure

Claims (5)

A lower structure comprising a concrete peripheral wall, wherein at least a part of the peripheral wall has water permeability ;
An upper structure provided with a water introduction port and having a concrete peripheral wall, and an upper structure in which an entrance through which an operator enters and exits is provided in the ceiling wall;
A concrete intermediate floor sandwiched between the lower structure and the upper structure and provided so as to close the upper portion of the lower structure;
The intermediate floor has a strength with which an operator can ride, and further includes an opening having a size that allows an operator to enter and exit, a mesh member is attached to the opening, and at least a part of the intermediate floor is An osmosis system in which wastewater introduced from a water inlet is part of a flow path that reaches the inside of the lower structure through the opening . The infiltration system according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate floor includes a floor used by an operator when maintaining the infiltration system. According to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate floor comprises a floor accumulate dirt and mud, osmotic systems. 4. The infiltration system according to claim 1 , wherein the intermediate floor includes a worker's fall prevention floor . In any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the upper structure between the ceiling wall and the intermediate floor, forms a amount of space the worker enters, osmosis system.

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