JP4919455B2 - Bagging dewatering method - Google Patents

Bagging dewatering method Download PDF

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JP4919455B2
JP4919455B2 JP2005224236A JP2005224236A JP4919455B2 JP 4919455 B2 JP4919455 B2 JP 4919455B2 JP 2005224236 A JP2005224236 A JP 2005224236A JP 2005224236 A JP2005224236 A JP 2005224236A JP 4919455 B2 JP4919455 B2 JP 4919455B2
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博之 佐伯
昌由 杉本
勇 高橋
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株式会社ピーエス三菱
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本発明は、泥土、特に粘性土やシルトの泥土等の含水土砂を、透水性袋体内に充填して脱水を行う袋詰脱水処理方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a bagging and dewatering treatment method in which mud, particularly hydrous soil such as viscous soil or silt mud, is filled into a permeable bag and dewatered.

一般的に、河川、湖沼、海洋などから浚渫された高含水比の泥土を脱水処理し、有効利用を図る方法の一つして、透水性布帛等からなる袋体に泥土を充填し、水分を袋体外に透過させることにより脱水を図る袋詰脱水方法がある(特許文献1参照)。この方法によれば、含水土砂を土質改良して土工材料として再利用する、もしくは、環境汚染物質を含有する泥土を脱水・減量化して封じ込めることが可能となる。   In general, dehydration of mud soil with a high water content dredged from rivers, lakes, marine waters, etc. is one of the methods for effective utilization. There is a bagging dehydration method for dehydrating by allowing permeation to pass outside the bag body (see Patent Document 1). According to this method, it is possible to improve the soil quality of the hydrous sand and reuse it as an earthwork material, or to dewater and reduce the amount of mud containing an environmental pollutant and contain it.

しかしながら、従来の袋詰脱水処理方法は、脱水に長時間を要するという問題点があり、特にこの傾向は、充填する対象土の土質性状が粘性土やシルトからなる場合に顕著であった。   However, the conventional bagging dehydration method has a problem that it takes a long time for dehydration, and this tendency is particularly prominent when the soil properties of the target soil to be filled are made of viscous soil or silt.

そして、このように脱水に長時間を要するということは、広大な脱水養生スペースが長期間必要になるため好ましくない。また、脱水処理土を有効利用する場合、泥土の発生側工事と利用側工事の工程調整の難渋や工期が遅れるといった問題を引き起こすため好ましくない。   And it takes a long time for dehydration in this way, which is not preferable because a vast dehydration curing space is required for a long time. Further, when the dewatered soil is effectively used, it is not preferable because it causes problems such as difficulty in adjusting the process between the mud generation side construction and the use side construction and the construction period is delayed.

一方、袋詰脱水処理方法は、土粒子や懸濁物質に吸着しているダイオキシンやPCB、窒素、リンなどの有害物質を、土粒子や懸濁物質とともに袋体内に封じ込め、脱水・減量化するという特長を有しているが(特許文献1参照)、重金属類などのうち、イオン化して水に溶ける有害物質は、水と共に袋体外に排出されてしまい、封じ込めが不可能であることから、そのような有害物質の排出対策も要望されていた。
特開2002−178000号公報
On the other hand, the bagging dehydration method encloses harmful substances such as dioxins, PCBs, nitrogen, and phosphorus adsorbed on soil particles and suspended solids in the bag together with the soil particles and suspended solids, thereby dehydrating and reducing the volume. Although there is a feature (refer to Patent Document 1), among heavy metals and the like, harmful substances that are ionized and dissolved in water are discharged out of the bag together with water and cannot be contained, There has been a demand for measures to discharge such harmful substances.
JP 2002-178000 A

そこで、本発明の主たる課題は、脱水効率の向上を図ることにある。また他の課題は有害物質の排出対策を図ることにある。   Therefore, the main problem of the present invention is to improve the dewatering efficiency. Another issue is to take measures against hazardous substances.

上記課題を解決した本発明は次記のとおりである。
<請求項1記載の発明>
含水土砂を透水性袋体内に加圧注入することにより充填し、この袋体内容物のうち固形分は袋体内に残して水分を袋体外に透過させて脱水する袋詰脱水処理工法において、
前記袋体の上面に陰極を設置し、この陰極よりも下側に陽極を設置し、これら陽極及び陰極を用いて、前記袋体内の含水土砂に対して電圧を印加し、電気浸透現象を発生させて土粒子間の間隙水の移動を促進させる、ことを特徴とする袋詰脱水処理方法。
The present invention that has solved the above problems is as follows.
<Invention of Claim 1>
In the bagging dehydration method of filling the water-containing earth and sand by pressurizing and injecting into the permeable bag body, the solid content of the bag body content remains in the bag body and allows moisture to permeate out of the bag body and dehydrate,
A cathode is installed on the upper surface of the bag body, an anode is installed below the cathode , and a voltage is applied to the hydrous sand in the bag body using these anode and cathode to generate an electroosmotic phenomenon. A bagging dewatering method characterized in that it promotes the movement of pore water between soil particles.

(作用効果)
泥土の脱水を促進させる方法としては界面活性剤等の脱水剤を添加する方法が知られているが、本発明者らは、このような従来の考え方に捉われずに鋭意研究した結果、電気浸透現象における水分子の移動促進作用を応用できるのではないか、との着想を得て本発明をなしたものである。
(Function and effect)
As a method of promoting the dehydration of mud, a method of adding a dehydrating agent such as a surfactant is known, but the present inventors have conducted earnest research without being bound by such a conventional concept. The present invention has been made based on the idea that the water molecule migration promoting action in the permeation phenomenon can be applied.

電気浸透現象とは、液体で満たされた毛細管や多孔体の両端に電圧を印加したときに液体が移動する現象であり、含水土砂においては土粒子間隙が毛細管に相当する。すなわち、含水土砂に電圧を印加し電気浸透現象を発生させると、土粒子は移動できないが、土粒子(たいてい表面が負に帯電している)にクーロン力で引き寄せられていた陽イオンが陰極に向かって移動する。この際、陽イオンはそれを取り囲む水分子と衝突しながら移動するため、土粒子間の間隙水も陰極側へ向かって推し進められるのである。そしてこの結果、土粒子間隙からの間隙水の排出が促進されることにより、袋詰脱水における脱水効率が向上するようになるのである。   The electroosmosis phenomenon is a phenomenon in which a liquid moves when a voltage is applied to both ends of a capillary or a porous body filled with the liquid. In hydrous sand, a soil particle gap corresponds to a capillary. In other words, when a voltage is applied to the hydrous sand and the electroosmosis phenomenon occurs, the soil particles cannot move, but the cations that have been attracted by the Coulomb force to the soil particles (mostly the surface is negatively charged) Move towards. At this time, since the cations move while colliding with the water molecules surrounding them, the interstitial water between the soil particles is also pushed toward the cathode side. As a result, the expelling of pore water from the soil particle gap is promoted, so that the dewatering efficiency in bagging dewatering is improved.

<請求項2記載の発明>
前記袋体内の含水土砂内に陽極を設置し、袋体自体、その内面、またはその外面に陰極を設置し、これら陽極及び陰極間に直流電圧を印加することにより前記電気浸透現象を発生させる、請求項1記載の袋詰脱水処理方法。
<Invention of Claim 2>
An anode is installed in the hydrous sand in the bag body, a cathode is installed on the bag body itself, its inner surface, or its outer surface, and the electroosmosis phenomenon is generated by applying a DC voltage between these anode and cathode. The bagging dewatering method according to claim 1.

(作用効果)
前述のとおり間隙水は陰極に向かって引き寄せられるので、少なくとも陰極を、前記袋体自体、袋体の内面または袋体の外面に設置し、直流電圧を印加するようにすると、袋体内の含水土砂が袋体外へ向かって移動し易くなるため好ましい。ただし、このような配置でなくても、移動する水分子がクーロン力により引き寄せられるわけではないため、間隙水の排出が促進されることに変わりがなく脱水促進の効果は顕著に現れる。
<請求項2記載の発明>
間隙比減少速度が0.010(1/h)よりも低下しないように、前記電圧を印加する、請求項1記載の袋詰脱水処理方法。
(Function and effect)
As described above, the pore water is drawn toward the cathode. Therefore, when at least the cathode is installed on the bag body itself, the inner surface of the bag body or the outer surface of the bag body, and a DC voltage is applied, Is preferable because it is easy to move out of the bag body. However, even if it is not such an arrangement, the moving water molecules are not attracted by the Coulomb force, so that the discharge of pore water is promoted, and the effect of promoting dehydration is remarkable.
<Invention of Claim 2>
The bagging dewatering method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage is applied so that the clearance ratio reduction rate does not drop below 0.010 (1 / h).

<請求項3記載の発明>
前記含水土砂は、イオン化する性質を有する有害物質を含むものであり、前記脱水及び電圧の印加により、前記イオン化した有害物質のうち陽イオンは陰極に、陰イオンは陽極にそれぞれ引き寄せて捕捉することによって、前記イオン化した有害物質を、水分と分離して袋体内に封じ込めるか、あるいは袋体外で水分と分離して捕捉する、請求項1または2記載の袋詰脱水処理方法。
<Invention of Claim 3>
The water sediment state, and are not containing hazardous substances having the property of ionized by application of the dehydration and voltage, cations of the harmful substances mentioned above ionized cathode, the anion is trapped attracted respectively to the anode it allows the hazardous substances the ionized, separated from the water or contain a bag body, or you captured separately from the moisture in the bag outside the body, according to claim 1 or 2 bags packed dehydration method according.

(作用効果)
イオン化する性質を有する有害物質を含む含水土砂を対象として本発明による処理を行うと、イオン化して水に溶けて存在している有害物質、あるいは本発明の直流電流によりイオン化する有害物質は、電気泳動によって陽イオンは陰極に、陰イオンは陽極に引き寄せられ捕捉される。よって、イオン化する有害物質であっても、水分と分離して袋体内に封じ込める、あるいは袋体外に電極を配置した場合には袋体外で水分と分離して捕捉することができ、排水に混入したまま放流してしまうといった事態を防止できるようになる。
(Function and effect)
When the treatment according to the present invention is performed on hydrous sand containing harmful substances having ionizing properties, harmful substances that are ionized and dissolved in water, or harmful substances that are ionized by direct current of the present invention, Electrophoresis attracts and captures cations to the cathode and anions to the anode. Therefore, even if it is a harmful substance that is ionized, it can be separated from moisture and enclosed in the bag, or if an electrode is placed outside the bag, it can be separated from the moisture outside the bag and captured and mixed into the drainage. It will be possible to prevent the situation of being discharged as it is.

以上のとおり、本発明によれば脱水効率の向上により、脱水時間を短縮することができるようになり、もって、脱水養生ヤードの縮小化、工期期間短縮、工費節減を図ることができるとともに、都市内河川や脱水養生ヤードが確保できない小規模の河川工事への適用も可能となり、袋詰脱水処理工法の対象工事の拡大を図れる。   As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to shorten the dehydration time by improving the dehydration efficiency, thereby reducing the dehydration curing yard, shortening the construction period, and reducing the construction cost. It can also be applied to small river constructions where internal rivers and dehydration curing yards cannot be secured.

また、また対象の含水土砂がイオン化する有害物質を含む場合、これらのイオン化有害物質を電極により捕捉することができ、封じ込め対象物質の拡大化および効率向上を図ることもできる。   Moreover, when the target hydrous sand contains harmful substances that are ionized, these ionized harmful substances can be captured by the electrodes, and the containment target substance can be expanded and the efficiency can be improved.

以下、本発明の一実施形態について添付図面を参照しつつ詳説する。
図1は、河川や湖沼等1の底に存在する泥土、ヘドロ等の含水土砂1bを、付近の岸辺で処理する例を示している。もちろん、本発明は含水土砂であれば泥土でなくても適用できる。また処理場所にも限定されないことはいうまでもない。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an example in which water-containing earth and sand 1b such as mud and sludge existing at the bottom of a river, a lake and the like 1 is processed on a nearby shore. Of course, the present invention can be applied even if it is hydrated earth and sand, not mud. Needless to say, the processing location is not limited.

図示形態についてより詳細に説明すると、含水土砂1bは浚渫船2によって取り出され、圧送ホース2aを介して予め岸辺に設けた処理ピット3に供給され、一時的に貯留される。続いて、処理ピット3内に沈殿した含水土砂1bは注入ポンプ4によって吸引・圧送され、注入管4aを介して透水性袋体5内に順次注入される。これにより、水分だけが袋体5外に透過排出され、土粒子等の固形分は袋体5内に残留し、封じ込められる。排水は非常に綺麗であるので、有害物質の心配がない場合には、排水溝6を介してそのまま又は必要に応じて適宜の浄化処理をおこなった後に元の河川等1に放流することもできる。   The illustrated embodiment will be described in more detail. The hydrous sand 1b is taken out by the dredger 2 and supplied to the processing pit 3 provided in advance on the shore side via the pressure feed hose 2a and temporarily stored. Subsequently, the hydrous sand 1b precipitated in the treatment pit 3 is sucked and pumped by the injection pump 4, and sequentially injected into the water-permeable bag 5 through the injection pipe 4a. Thereby, only moisture is permeated and discharged out of the bag body 5, and solid contents such as soil particles remain in the bag body 5 and are contained. Since the drainage is very beautiful, if there is no concern about harmful substances, it can be discharged into the original river 1 or the like through the drainage channel 6 as it is or after performing an appropriate purification treatment as necessary. .

このような袋詰脱水に際して、本発明では、例えば図2及び図3に示すように、袋体5内の含水土砂1bに対して一対の電極10,11を用いて電圧を印加する。電圧の印加は、含水土砂1bの充填中、または充填の前後に開始することができる。袋体5内の含水土砂1bに対して電圧を印加すると、図中実線矢印で示す陰極方向に水分子が推進される電気浸透現象により、土粒子間の間隙水の移動が促進され、脱水が促進されるようになる。   In such bagging and dewatering, in the present invention, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a voltage is applied to the hydrous soil 1 b in the bag 5 using a pair of electrodes 10 and 11. The application of voltage can be started during the filling of the hydrous sand 1b or before and after the filling. When a voltage is applied to the hydrous sand 1b in the bag 5, the movement of pore water between the soil particles is promoted by the electroosmosis phenomenon in which water molecules are propelled in the cathode direction indicated by the solid line arrow in the figure, and dehydration is performed. Be promoted.

電圧は、連続的に印加する他、断続的もしくはパルス状に印加することもできる。また、陽極及び陰極位置を固定し、電圧を一方向に印加することのみならず、電圧の方向を、例えば交流のように交互に変化させることもできる。この場合、電極の配置を固定したままで適宜のスイッチやインバータによりプラスマイナスを切り替えることで対応できる。   The voltage can be applied continuously or intermittently or in a pulsed manner. In addition to fixing the anode and cathode positions and applying a voltage in one direction, the direction of the voltage can be changed alternately, for example, as in alternating current. In this case, it can be dealt with by switching between plus and minus with an appropriate switch or inverter while the arrangement of the electrodes is fixed.

電圧を印加するための具体的手段としては、袋体5内、袋体5自体、袋体5の内面、または袋体5の外面に一対の電極10,11を適切な間隔をもって設置し、これらの電極10,11をケーブルCで電源装置Pに接続することを提案する。電極10,11は一組設置しても、また複数組設置しても良い。電源装置Pとしては電圧を調整できるものが好適である。   As specific means for applying the voltage, a pair of electrodes 10 and 11 are installed at appropriate intervals in the bag body 5, the bag body 5 itself, the inner surface of the bag body 5, or the outer surface of the bag body 5. It is proposed that the electrodes 10 and 11 are connected to the power supply device P by the cable C. One set of electrodes 10 and 11 may be installed, or a plurality of sets may be installed. As the power supply device P, one that can adjust the voltage is suitable.

印加電圧は、電気浸透現象による脱水促進効果がある限り特に限定されるものではないが、単位電極間距離あたりの印加電圧が0.3V/cm以上、特に0.5V/cm以上となるように、電圧及び電極間距離Dを設定するのが好ましい。また、適切な印加時間は、印加電圧、対象土砂、袋体5の素材・形状・サイズ、電極の配置等の諸条件により変化するため、適宜試験を行って定めるのが好ましい。   The applied voltage is not particularly limited as long as there is a dehydration promoting effect due to the electroosmosis phenomenon, but the applied voltage per unit electrode distance is 0.3 V / cm or more, particularly 0.5 V / cm or more. The voltage and the interelectrode distance D are preferably set. In addition, the appropriate application time varies depending on various conditions such as applied voltage, target earth and sand, material / shape / size of the bag body 5, electrode arrangement, and the like.

電極の配置は適宜定めることができ、どのような配置であっても電気浸透現象が発生するレベルの電圧を与えうる限り、基本的に脱水促進効果は発揮される。ただし、電気浸透現象は陽極11側から陰極10側に間隙水が移動するため、袋体5自体、その内面、またはその外面(図示形態)に、陰極10を設置して直流電圧を印加するように構成するのが好ましい。この場合、図2に示すように陽極11は袋体5内の含水土砂1b内に設置しても良く、また袋体5自体、その内面または外面(図4に示す形態)における陰極10とは別の位置に設置しても良い。   The arrangement of the electrodes can be determined as appropriate. In any arrangement, the effect of promoting dehydration is basically exhibited as long as a voltage at a level at which electroosmosis occurs can be applied. However, in the electroosmosis phenomenon, since the interstitial water moves from the anode 11 side to the cathode 10 side, the cathode 10 is installed on the bag body 5 itself, the inner surface thereof, or the outer surface (illustrated form), and a DC voltage is applied. It is preferable to configure. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the anode 11 may be installed in the hydrous sand 1b in the bag body 5, and the cathode 10 on the bag body 5 itself, its inner surface or outer surface (form shown in FIG. 4). You may install in another position.

土粒子間隙から排出された水分は、比重の関係から土砂1bの上面に滲み出るため、本発明では、袋体5の上面に陰極10を設置し、これよりも下側、特に図4に示すように袋体5の下面に陽極を設置する。ただし、袋体5の上下面に陰極10を配置すると、袋体5の厚さによっては十分な電圧を印加できない場合もあり、このような場合等においては図2に示すように陽極11を袋体5内の含水土砂1b内に設置し、袋体5の上下面に陰極10,10を設置するのも好ましい形態である。 Since the moisture discharged from the soil particle oozes out to the upper surface of the earth and sand 1b because of the specific gravity, in the present invention, the cathode 10 is installed on the upper surface of the bag body 5, and the lower side, particularly shown in FIG. Thus, an anode is installed on the lower surface of the bag body 5. However, if the cathodes 10 are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the bag body 5, a sufficient voltage may not be applied depending on the thickness of the bag body 5. In such a case, the anode 11 is placed in the bag as shown in FIG. It is also preferable to install the hydrous earth and sand 1b in the body 5 and install the cathodes 10 and 10 on the upper and lower surfaces of the bag body 5.

また、袋体5内の含水土砂1bの略全体にわたり電圧を作用させるために、図3に示すように、少なくとも一方の電極10は袋体5の略全体にわたり設置するのが好ましい。   Moreover, in order to make a voltage act on the whole hydrous sand 1b in the bag body 5, it is preferable to install at least one electrode 10 over the substantially whole bag body 5, as shown in FIG.

電極10,11としては、含水土砂を充填した袋体5内へ挿入等する場合には、脱着が容易な形状のもの、例えば炭素棒、鉄筋、銅線などを用いることができる。一方、袋体5が布帛からなる場合にはその素材にカーボン繊維や電線などを織り込むことにより、袋体5自体を電極とすることもできる。ただしこの場合、電極を再利用できなくなるため、マット状またはシート状の電極シートを袋体5内面または外面に貼付する等により設置する形態も好ましい。この場合、所定の電圧印加時間経過後に電極を外して再利用することが可能になる。   As the electrodes 10 and 11, when inserted into the bag body 5 filled with hydrous sand, an electrode having a shape that can be easily detached, for example, a carbon rod, a reinforcing bar, a copper wire, or the like can be used. On the other hand, when the bag body 5 is made of a fabric, the bag body 5 itself can be used as an electrode by weaving carbon fiber, electric wires, or the like into the material. However, in this case, since the electrodes cannot be reused, a form in which a mat-like or sheet-like electrode sheet is attached to the inner surface or the outer surface of the bag body 5 is also preferable. In this case, the electrode can be removed and reused after a predetermined voltage application time has elapsed.

他方、含水土砂1bの注入に際して、含水土砂1bを袋体5内に圧入する。これにより、その注入圧により袋体内容物が加圧脱水されるので、高効率での袋詰および脱水を行うことができる。ただし、本発明においては、注入した含水土砂1bの自重による加圧および水分の蒸発により脱水させたり、図示のように注入済み袋体5を順次積み重ねて下側の袋体5を加圧脱水したり、注入済み袋体を機械的に加圧脱水することもできる。 On the other hand, when the hydrous sand 1b is injected, the hydrous sand 1b is pressed into the bag body 5. As a result, the bag contents are pressure-dehydrated by the injection pressure, so that bagging and dewatering can be performed with high efficiency. However, in the present invention, dehydration is performed by pressurization and evaporation of moisture due to the weight of the injected hydrous sand 1b, or the stacked bag bodies 5 are sequentially stacked as shown in the drawing to dehydrate the lower bag body 5 under pressure. Alternatively, the injected bag can be mechanically pressurized and dehydrated.

袋詰脱水では、袋体5の目合いの粗さによって、注入開始からフィルター効果を十分に発揮するまでの時間には差はあるが、いずれにせよある程度まで注入すれば十分なフィルター効果が発揮される。よって、基本的には透水性袋体5の目合いの粗さは問わないが、注入当初からある程度十分なフィルター効果を発揮させるためには、透水性袋体5としては、透水係数が1.0×10-3cm/sec以上、水透過孔径が90〜600μmのものが好ましい。また耐酸性、耐アルカリ性が高く化学的に安定しているという観点から、ポリエステルやポリプロピレン繊維等の化学繊維からなる不織布、織布、編物等により形成した袋体を好適に使用することができる。具体的な透水性袋体の例を表1に示す。 In bagging dewatering, there is a difference in the time from the start of injection until the filter effect is fully exerted depending on the roughness of the bag body 5, but if it is injected to some extent, a sufficient filter effect is exhibited. Is done. Therefore, although the roughness of the mesh of the water-permeable bag body 5 is not questioned, the water-permeable bag 5 has a water permeability coefficient of 1. It is preferably 0 × 10 −3 cm / sec or more and a water permeation pore diameter of 90 to 600 μm. Further, from the viewpoint of high acid resistance and alkali resistance and chemical stability, a bag formed of a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or the like made of a chemical fiber such as polyester or polypropylene fiber can be preferably used. Examples of specific water-permeable bags are shown in Table 1.

Figure 0004919455
Figure 0004919455

特に、前述のように含水土砂1bを圧入するときには、袋体5が膨張し破壊する虞があるので、予め袋外周囲に引っ張り強度の高いジオグリッド等の補強材を巻き付けておく等により補強された袋体を用いることができる。   In particular, when the hydrous sand 1b is press-fitted as described above, the bag body 5 may expand and break, so that it is reinforced by wrapping a reinforcing material such as a geogrid with high tensile strength around the outside of the bag in advance. Can be used.

またフィルター効果を高めるためには、袋体5を複数枚重ねた多重袋体を用いることで、含水土砂1b中の粒子捕捉効果を高めることができ、袋体の強度も向上する。この場合において、異なる素材の袋体を組み合わせて重ねることもできる。   Moreover, in order to improve a filter effect, the particle | grain capture | acquisition effect in the hydrous sand 1b can be heightened by using the multiple bag body which piled up the plurality of the bag bodies 5, and the intensity | strength of a bag body also improves. In this case, bag bodies of different materials can be combined and stacked.

その他、特願平8−21437号、特願平10−37151号、特願平8−59964号、特願平8−188203号および特願平11−030139号に記載された脱水用袋体など、公知の脱水用袋体を使用することができる。なお、これら従来の脱水技術は、有害物質含有泥土類を対象として有害物質を袋体内に封じ込めるものではない。   In addition, the bag for dehydration described in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-21437, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-37151, Japanese Patent Application No. 8-59964, Japanese Patent Application No. 8-188203, and Japanese Patent Application No. 11-030139, etc. A known dehydrating bag can be used. Note that these conventional dehydration techniques do not contain harmful substances in the bag for mud containing harmful substances.

他方、泥土等の含水土砂には、有害物質(環境汚染物質)を含む場合があるが、多くの有害物質、特にダイオキシン、PCB、砒素、鉛、などの有害物質の多くは、土粒子やその他の懸濁粒子に付着して存在している。よって、上記のように袋詰脱水を行うと、これらの有害物質は袋体5内に封じ込められる。   On the other hand, hydrous sand such as mud may contain harmful substances (environmental pollutants), but many harmful substances, especially dioxins, PCBs, arsenic, lead, etc. It is attached to the suspended particles. Therefore, if bag dehydration is performed as described above, these harmful substances are contained in the bag body 5.

これに対して、水中でイオン化して水に溶ける有害物質、例えば鉛、水銀、カドミウム、クロムなどの重金属はイオン化して水に溶解するため、従来の単なる袋詰脱水方法では袋体5内に封じ込めることはできず、水とともに排出されてしまう。しかし、本発明の方法では、一対の電極10,11を配置して電圧を印加しているため、CrO4 2-等の陰イオンは陽極11に、またPb2+、Cd2+、Ni2+等の陽イオンは陰極10に引き寄せて捕捉することができる。したがって、袋体5内に電極を設置した場合には、袋体5内にこれらのイオン化した有害物質を封じ込めることができる。また、袋体5外に電極を設置した場合であっても、電極表面にイオン化した有害物質を捕捉することができる。具体的に図2に示す例では、袋体5内の陽極11に陰イオンを引き寄せて封じ込め、袋体5外の陰極10に陽イオンを吸着することができる。 On the other hand, harmful substances that are ionized in water and dissolved in water, such as heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and chromium, are ionized and dissolved in water. It cannot be contained and is discharged with water. However, in the method of the present invention, since a voltage is applied by arranging a pair of electrodes 10 and 11, anions such as CrO 4 2− are applied to the anode 11, and Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Ni 2. Cations such as + can be attracted to the cathode 10 and captured. Therefore, when an electrode is installed in the bag body 5, these ionized harmful substances can be contained in the bag body 5. Moreover, even when an electrode is installed outside the bag body 5, ionized harmful substances can be captured on the electrode surface. Specifically, in the example shown in FIG. 2, anions can be attracted and contained in the anode 11 in the bag body 5 and can be adsorbed on the cathode 10 outside the bag body 5.

このような有害物質を含む含水土砂としては、その存在場所に応じて多少の広狭があり、一概には言えないが、「土壌の汚染に係る環境基準について(平成3年8月23日、環境庁告示第46号)」、「排水基準を定める総理府令(昭和46年6月21日、総理府令第35号)」、「地下水の水質汚濁に係る環境基準について(平成9年3月13日、環境庁告示第10号)」、「水質汚濁に係る環境基準について(昭和46年12月28日、環境庁告示第59号)」、「農用地の土壌の汚染防止等に関する法律(昭和45年12月25日、法律第139号)」、「ダイオキシン類による大気の汚染、水質の汚濁及び土壌の汚染に係る環境基準(平成11年12月27日、環境庁告示第68号)」等の各種法規や運用基準等の基準に適合しないものを意味する。具体的な有害物質の例とともに各種基準を表2及び表3に示す。   The hydrous sand containing such toxic substances varies somewhat depending on the location of the soil, and it cannot be generally stated, but “Environmental Standards Concerning Soil Contamination (August 23, 1991, Environment (Announcement No. 46) ”,“ Prime Ministerial Ordinance Establishing Drainage Standards (June 21, 1969, Prime Minister Ordinance No. 35) ”,“ Environmental Standards Concerning Groundwater Water Pollution (March 13, 1997) "Environmental Agency Notification No. 10)", "Environmental Standards Concerning Water Pollution (December 28, 1971, Environmental Agency Notification No. 59)", "Law Concerning the Prevention of Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (Showa 45) Dec. 25, Law No. 139), “Environmental Standards Concerning Air Pollution, Water Pollution, and Soil Contamination by Dioxins (December 27, 1999, Environmental Agency Notification No. 68)” Does not conform to various regulations and operational standards It means of. Various standards are shown in Tables 2 and 3 together with specific examples of harmful substances.

Figure 0004919455
Figure 0004919455

Figure 0004919455
Figure 0004919455

以下、実施例を示して本発明の効果を明らかにする。なお、以下の実験1及び実験2では、表4に示す砂質粘性土を試料として用いた。   Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be clarified by showing examples. In the following Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, sandy clay soil shown in Table 4 was used as a sample.

Figure 0004919455
Figure 0004919455

<予備実験>
先ず、電気浸透現象による脱水促進効果を確認するために、次に示す予備実験を行った。
(1)図5に示すように、試料に水を加えて良く混合し含水比を70%に調整した後、ビーカー20に静かに投入した。
(2)次いで、一対の電極10,11を5cm間隔で、且つビーカー20の底から10mm離間するように挿入した。
(3)しかる後、電極10,11間に所定の直流電圧を印加し、電極10,11の挿入後から1、2、3、4、5、24時間経過後の沈降部分上面から水面までの高さhを計測し、間隙比 (土粒子の間隙の体積と土粒子の体積との比)を算出した。なお、電圧は、0、3、5、10Vの4つのケース(それぞれ0、0.6、1、2V/cmの電位勾配に相当)で行った。
<Preliminary experiment>
First, in order to confirm the dehydration promoting effect by the electroosmosis phenomenon, the following preliminary experiment was conducted.
(1) As shown in FIG. 5, water was added to the sample and mixed well to adjust the water content ratio to 70%, and then gently put into the beaker 20.
(2) Next, the pair of electrodes 10 and 11 were inserted at an interval of 5 cm and 10 mm away from the bottom of the beaker 20.
(3) After that, a predetermined DC voltage is applied between the electrodes 10 and 11, and after the insertion of the electrodes 10 and 11, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 24 hours later, from the upper surface of the sedimentation portion to the water surface The height h was measured, and the void ratio (ratio of the void volume to the soil particle volume) was calculated. The voltage was measured in four cases of 0, 3, 5, 10 V (corresponding to potential gradients of 0, 0.6, 1, 2 V / cm, respectively).

実験結果を図6に示した。実験結果より、含水土砂における電気浸透現象では、脱水効果は電圧が高い方が大きいこと、脱水効果は電位勾配が大きい方が大きいこと、電圧が高いほうが間隙比低下が著しいこと、および電位勾配が大きいほうが間隙比低下が著しいことが判明した。   The experimental results are shown in FIG. From the experimental results, in the electroosmosis phenomenon in hydrous sand, the higher the voltage, the greater the dehydration effect, the greater the potential gradient, the greater the voltage gradient, the more significant the gap ratio decrease and the higher the voltage gradient. It was found that the larger the gap ratio, the lower the gap ratio.

<本実験>
本実験として、表5に示す特性及び図7に示す形状を有する袋体5を使用して、次に示す脱水促進の確認実験を行った。なお、図7中の符号5iは袋体内に連通する筒状の供給路を示している。
<This experiment>
As this experiment, using the bag body 5 having the characteristics shown in Table 5 and the shape shown in FIG. In addition, the code | symbol 5i in FIG. 7 has shown the cylindrical supply path connected in the bag body.

Figure 0004919455
Figure 0004919455

(実施例1)
予め、図8に示すように袋体5の上面及び下面に陰極10を固定し、袋体5内の厚さ方向中央に陽極11を配置した。電極10,11には電線(直径2mmの軟銅線)を使用した。この袋体5内に、含水比を70%に調整した試料を60リットル(約100kg)充填するとともに、電圧勾配(単位電極間距離当たりの印加電圧)が2V/cmとなるように陽極・陰極間に電圧12Vを印加して静置し、加圧等せずに自然に脱水させた。
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 8, the cathode 10 was fixed to the upper surface and the lower surface of the bag body 5 in advance, and the anode 11 was arranged in the center of the bag body 5 in the thickness direction. An electric wire (an annealed copper wire having a diameter of 2 mm) was used for the electrodes 10 and 11. The bag 5 is filled with 60 liters (about 100 kg) of a sample whose water content ratio is adjusted to 70%, and the voltage gradient (applied voltage per unit electrode distance) is 2 V / cm. A voltage of 12 V was applied between them to stand and dehydrated naturally without applying pressure.

袋体の静置完了時点を測定開始とし、測定開始から1.0時間経過後、2.0時間経過後、4.0時間経過後、24時間経過後、以降は24時間置きに14日経過後まで、袋体の質量および排水量を計測し、間隙比および含水比を算出した。また電流値も記録した。   The measurement is started when the bag is left still, after 1.0 hour has elapsed since the start of measurement, after 2.0 hours have elapsed, after 4.0 hours have elapsed, after 24 hours have elapsed, and thereafter every 24 hours after 14 days have elapsed Until then, the mass of the bag and the amount of drainage were measured, and the gap ratio and water content ratio were calculated. The current value was also recorded.

(実施例2)
電極の配置を図9に示すように、袋体5の上面に陰極10を固定し、袋体の下面に陽極11を固定し、袋体5内には電極を設けない配置とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして測定を行った。なお、この場合、実施例1に対して電極間距離が2倍となるため、電圧勾配は1V/cmであった。
(Example 2)
As shown in FIG. 9, the cathode 10 is fixed to the upper surface of the bag body 5, the anode 11 is fixed to the lower surface of the bag body, and the electrode body is not provided in the bag body 5. Measurements were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. In this case, the distance between the electrodes was twice that of Example 1, so that the voltage gradient was 1 V / cm.

(従来例)
電極を設置せず、電圧を印加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして測定を行った。
(Conventional example)
Measurement was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no electrode was installed and no voltage was applied.

(結果及び考察)
図10は、間隙比と時間との関係を表したものである。この曲線を見ると、試験初期では、電圧を印加した実施例1,2が同程度で従来例よりも大きくなっており、電圧勾配が大きいほど脱水が促進されることが判る。実施例1、2では、従来例と比べて約43%の脱水時間短縮が確認された。
(Results and discussion)
FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the gap ratio and time. From this curve, it can be seen that at the initial stage of the test, Examples 1 and 2 to which a voltage was applied were similar and larger than the conventional example, and dehydration was promoted as the voltage gradient increased. In Examples 1 and 2, the dehydration time was reduced by about 43% compared to the conventional example.

一方、時間の経過とともに曲線勾配は緩やかになり、脱水促進効果が経時的に低下していることがわかる。より詳細には、実施例2、実施例1、従来例の順で勾配が減少し、最終的には1.26〜1.21程度となり、ほぼ同じ間隙比レベルに漸近していくことが読み取れる。   On the other hand, it can be seen that the curve slope becomes gentle with the passage of time, and the effect of promoting dehydration decreases with time. More specifically, it can be read that the gradient decreases in the order of Example 2, Example 1, and the conventional example, and finally becomes about 1.26 to 1.21, and gradually approaches the same gap ratio level. .

図11は電流値と時間との関係、図12は電流値と間隙比との関係、図13は電流値と含水比との関係をそれぞれ示している。図から、電流値が経時的に、あるいは間隙比もしくは含水比の減少に伴って低下することが判る。脱水促進効果が実質的に無くなる下限電流値の存在が推測される。   11 shows the relationship between the current value and time, FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the current value and the gap ratio, and FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the current value and the water content ratio. From the figure, it can be seen that the current value decreases with time or as the gap ratio or water content ratio decreases. Presence of a lower limit current value at which the dehydration promoting effect is substantially eliminated is presumed.

さらに、図14は、間隙比減少速度と電流値との関係を表したものである。同図より0.5A前後で間隙比減少速度が0.010(1/h)以下でほぼ一定となることがわかる。したがって、例えば間隙比減少速度がある閾値(0.010等)よりも低下しないように、電圧等を設定もしくは制御すると好ましい結果が得られることが予測される。   Further, FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the gap ratio decreasing speed and the current value. From the figure, it can be seen that the gap ratio decreasing rate is approximately constant at around 0.5 A and below 0.010 (1 / h). Therefore, for example, it is predicted that a favorable result can be obtained by setting or controlling the voltage or the like so that the rate of decrease in the gap ratio does not decrease below a certain threshold (0.010 or the like).

本発明は、河川、湖沼、海洋などから浚渫された泥土等の含水土砂を脱水処理し、有効利用を図る際等に適用できるものである。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to dewatering hydrous soil such as mud dredged from rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. for effective use.

本発明の実施形態の概略図である。It is the schematic of embodiment of this invention. 透水性袋体への電極設置例を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the example of electrode installation to a water-permeable bag. 透水性袋体への電極設置例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the example of electrode installation to a water-permeable bag body. 透水性袋体への電極設置例を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the example of electrode installation to a water-permeable bag. 予備試験の概要図である。It is a schematic diagram of a preliminary test. 予備試験結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows a preliminary test result. 本実験で使用した袋体の形状を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the shape of the bag used in this experiment. 実施例1の試験要領を示す(a)平面図、(b)断面図、(c)別の断面図である。It is (a) top view which shows the test point of Example 1, (b) sectional drawing, (c) another sectional drawing. 実施例2の試験要領を示す(a)平面図、(b)断面図、(c)別の断面図である。It is (a) top view which shows the test point of Example 2, (b) sectional drawing, (c) another sectional drawing. 間隙比と時間との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between a gap ratio and time. 電流値と時間との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between an electric current value and time. 電流値と含水比との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between an electric current value and a water content ratio. 電流値と間隙比との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between an electric current value and a gap ratio. 間隙比減少率と電流値との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between a gap ratio decreasing rate and an electric current value.

1…河川等、2…浚渫船、3…貯留ピット、4…注入ポンプ、5…透水性袋体、6…排水溝、10,11…電極。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... River etc. 2 ... Dredger, 3 ... Storage pit, 4 ... Infusion pump, 5 ... Permeable bag body, 6 ... Drain, 10, 11 ... Electrode.

Claims (3)

含水土砂を透水性袋体内に加圧注入することにより充填し、この袋体内容物のうち固形分は袋体内に残して水分を袋体外に透過させて脱水する袋詰脱水処理工法において、
前記袋体の上面に陰極を設置し、この陰極よりも下側に陽極を設置し、これら陽極及び陰極を用いて、前記袋体内の含水土砂に対して電圧を印加し、電気浸透現象を発生させて土粒子間の間隙水の移動を促進させる、ことを特徴とする袋詰脱水処理方法。
In the bagging dehydration method of filling the water-containing earth and sand by pressurizing and injecting into the permeable bag body, the solid content of the bag body content remains in the bag body and allows moisture to permeate out of the bag body and dehydrate,
A cathode is installed on the upper surface of the bag body, an anode is installed below the cathode , and a voltage is applied to the hydrous sand in the bag body using these anode and cathode to generate an electroosmotic phenomenon. A bagging dewatering method characterized in that it promotes the movement of pore water between soil particles.
間隙比減少速度が0.010(1/h)よりも低下しないように、前記電圧を印加する、請求項1記載の袋詰脱水処理方法。 The bagging dewatering method according to claim 1 , wherein the voltage is applied so that the clearance ratio reduction rate does not drop below 0.010 (1 / h) . 前記含水土砂は、イオン化する性質を有する有害物質を含むものであり、前記脱水及び電圧の印加により、前記イオン化した有害物質のうち陽イオンは陰極に、陰イオンは陽極にそれぞれ引き寄せて捕捉することによって、前記イオン化した有害物質を、水分と分離して袋体内に封じ込めるか、あるいは袋体外で水分と分離して捕捉する、請求項1または2記載の袋詰脱水処理方法。 The water sediment state, and are not containing hazardous substances having the property of ionized by application of the dehydration and voltage, cations of the harmful substances mentioned above ionized cathode, the anion is trapped attracted respectively to the anode it allows the hazardous substances the ionized, separated from the water or contain a bag body, or you captured separately from the moisture in the bag outside the body, according to claim 1 or 2 bags packed dehydration method according.
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