JP4901193B2 - Pyrolysis gas purification method and apparatus - Google Patents
Pyrolysis gas purification method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- JP4901193B2 JP4901193B2 JP2005334200A JP2005334200A JP4901193B2 JP 4901193 B2 JP4901193 B2 JP 4901193B2 JP 2005334200 A JP2005334200 A JP 2005334200A JP 2005334200 A JP2005334200 A JP 2005334200A JP 4901193 B2 JP4901193 B2 JP 4901193B2
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Industrial Gases (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
Description
本発明は、下水汚泥などの有機性廃棄物を熱分解して得られる熱分解ガスを、簡単かつ安価に燃料ガスとして回収することができる熱分解ガスの精製方法および装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for purifying pyrolysis gas that can easily and inexpensively recover pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing organic waste such as sewage sludge as fuel gas.
従来から、下水汚泥などの有機性廃棄物を熱分解して得られる熱分解ガスから燃料ガスを取り出し、これをガス発電等のエネルギーとして利用に供することが広く行われている。この場合、例えば特許文献１に示されるように、スクラバーを用いて熱分解ガスに含まれるＨＣＮやＨ２Ｓ等の有害ガスを除去することが一般的である。図３は、従来技術のフロー図を示すものであり、汚泥に空気を吹き込みつつガス化した後、酸素と水蒸気を加えて改質し、次いで冷却したガスをセラミックフィルター等で除塵した後、スクラバーで洗浄処理して燃料ガスを取り出すよう構成されている。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, fuel gas is taken out from pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing organic waste such as sewage sludge and used as energy for gas power generation or the like. In this case, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, it is common to remove harmful gases such as HCN and H 2 S contained in the pyrolysis gas using a scrubber. FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the prior art, which is gasified while blowing air into sludge, then reformed by adding oxygen and water vapor, and then the cooled gas is removed with a ceramic filter or the like, and then a scrubber The fuel gas is taken out after washing.
しかしながら、従来例においてはスクラバー洗浄の排水中に有害なＨＣＮが移行してしまうため、この処理に複雑な処理工程を必要とし、多大な設備と費用が必要になるという問題点があった。
本発明は上記のような問題点を解決して、有機性廃棄物を熱分解して得られる熱分解ガスを、簡単かつ安価に燃料ガスとして回収することができる熱分解ガスの精製方法および装置を提供することを目的として完成されたものである。 The present invention solves the above-described problems, and a method and apparatus for purifying pyrolysis gas that can easily and inexpensively recover pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing organic waste as fuel gas It was completed for the purpose of providing.
上記課題を解決するためになされた本発明は、有機性廃棄物を熱分解して得られる熱分解ガスを、スクラバーにより冷却・酸洗浄してガス中のカーボン粒子、タール分およびアルカリ性ガスを除去した後、得られたガスを酸素含有洗浄水が供給されている生物担体の充填塔に通気して生物酸化によってＨ ２ Ｓ及びＨＣＮを除去するガス精製を行い、次いでこの精製されたガスを除湿して燃料ガスとすることを特徴とする熱分解ガスの精製方法を第１の発明とする。
また、有機性廃棄物を熱分解して得られる熱分解ガスを燃料ガスに精製する装置であって、ｐＨ制御装置により調整した酸洗浄液の供給手段を有するスクラバーと、ｐＨ制御装置および酸素供給装置により調整した酸素含有洗浄水の供給手段を備え、生物酸化によってＨ ２ Ｓ及びＨＣＮを除去するガス精製を行う生物担体の充填塔と、除湿装置を順次連結したことを特徴とする熱分解ガスの精製装置を第２の発明とする。
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. The pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing organic waste is cooled and acid washed with a scrubber to remove carbon particles, tar content and alkaline gas in the gas. After that, the obtained gas is passed through a biological carrier packed tower supplied with oxygen-containing cleaning water to perform gas purification to remove H 2 S and HCN by biological oxidation , and then the purified gas is dehumidified. The first aspect of the present invention is a method for purifying a pyrolysis gas characterized in that the fuel gas is used as a fuel gas.
An apparatus for purifying a pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing organic waste into a fuel gas, a scrubber having means for supplying an acid cleaning liquid adjusted by a pH control apparatus, a pH control apparatus, and an oxygen supply apparatus Comprising a biological carrier packed tower for purifying gas that removes H 2 S and HCN by biological oxidation, and a dehumidifying device in order, comprising a supply means for oxygen-containing cleaning water adjusted by The purification apparatus is a second invention.
本発明では、熱分解ガスを先ずスクラバーにより冷却・酸洗浄してガス中のカーボン粒子、タール分およびアルカリ性ガスを除去し、次いで、酸素含有洗浄水が供給されている充填塔により生物酸化してＨＣＮやＨ２Ｓ等の有害ガスを除去するので、従来のように排水中に有害なＨＣＮが移行することがなく、簡単かつ安価に燃料ガスを回収することが可能となる。 In the present invention, the pyrolysis gas is first cooled and acid cleaned by a scrubber to remove carbon particles, tar content and alkaline gas in the gas, and then biooxidized by a packed tower supplied with oxygen-containing cleaning water. Since noxious gases such as HCN and H 2 S are removed, no harmful HCN is transferred into the waste water as in the prior art, and the fuel gas can be easily and inexpensively recovered.
以下に、図面を参照しつつ本発明の好ましい形態を示す。
図１は、本発明の熱分解ガスの精製方法を示すフロー図であり、下水汚泥などの有機性廃棄物を熱分解炉によりガス化、改質して熱分解ガスとし、冷却後にセラミックフィルター等で除塵する点は従来と同様である。
本発明では、このようにして得られた熱分解ガスをスクラバーにより冷却・酸洗浄してガス中のカーボン粒子、タール分およびアルカリ性ガスを除去した後、得られたガスを酸素含有洗浄水が供給されている充填塔に通気してガス精製するものである。
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for purifying pyrolysis gas according to the present invention, in which organic waste such as sewage sludge is gasified and reformed in a pyrolysis furnace to form pyrolysis gas, and after cooling, a ceramic filter, etc. The point of dust removal is the same as before.
In the present invention, the pyrolysis gas thus obtained is cooled and acid cleaned with a scrubber to remove carbon particles, tar content and alkaline gas in the gas, and then the oxygen-containing cleaning water supplies the obtained gas. The gas is purified by ventilating the packed tower.
図２は、本発明の精製装置を示す概略図である。
図において、１は熱分解炉、２は酸洗浄液の供給手段２ａを有するスクラバー、３は前記酸洗浄液のｐＨを調整するｐＨ制御装置である。このｐＨ制御装置３はｐＨ調整槽からなり、ｐＨ計３ａとポンプ３ｂを備えている。４は内部に生物担体の充填層５を設けた充填塔で、酸素含有洗浄水の供給手段４ａを有している。この酸素含有洗浄水は、ｐＨ調整するｐＨ制御装置６および暴気処理する酸素供給装置７により調整されるものである。なお、６ａはｐＨ計、６ｂはポンプ、８はファン、９は除湿装置である。図示のように、本発明の精製装置ではスクラバー２と充填塔４と除湿装置９が順次連結されたものとなっている。
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the purification apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a pyrolysis furnace, 2 is a scrubber having an acid cleaning liquid supply means 2a, and 3 is a pH control device for adjusting the pH of the acid cleaning liquid. The pH control device 3 includes a pH adjustment tank, and includes a
スクラバー２においては、熱分解ガスが酸洗浄液により冷却・酸洗浄されてガス中のカーボン粒子、タール分およびアルカリ性ガスが除去される。アルカリ性ガスの除去は下記の反応式による。
２ＮＨ３＋Ｈ２ＳＯ４ → （ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４
In the
2NH 3 + H 2 SO 4 → (NH 4 ) 2SO 4
また充填塔４においては、洗浄水中のＤＯ、および生物担体の充填層５を利用して生物酸化が行われ、Ｈ２ＳやＨＣＮが効率良く除去される。Ｈ２ＳおよびＨＣＮの除去は下記の反応式による。
Ｈ２Ｓ＋４Ｏ → Ｈ２ＳＯ４
２ＨＣＮ＋５Ｏ → Ｎ２＋２ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２Ｏ
In the packed tower 4, biological oxidation is performed using the DO in the wash water and the packed bed 5 of the biological carrier, and H 2 S and HCN are efficiently removed. Removal of H 2 S and HCN is according to the following reaction formula.
H 2 S + 4O → H 2 SO 4
2HCN + 5O → N 2 + 2CO 2 + H 2 O
スクラバー２における酸洗浄液のｐＨは２〜５、液ガス比はＬ／Ｇ＝１〜４Ｌ／ｍ３とするのが好ましい。
ｐＨが２未満では、缶体の腐食が激しくなる恐れがあり、ｐＨが５より大きいと洗浄液中にHCN溶解量が増大するからである。
また、液ガス比が１未満では、液量不足により有害成分の除去効果が低下し、液ガス比が４より大きいと液量が多すぎるため排水処理系への負荷が増大するからである。
また、充填塔４に供給する酸素含有洗浄水のｐＨを４〜８、液ガス比をＬ／Ｇ＝１〜５Ｌ／ｍ３、ＳＶを５０〜１００ｌ／Ｈｒとするのが好ましい。
ｐＨが４未満あるいはｐＨが８より大きいと、生物が死滅してしまう恐れがあるからである。
液ガス比は１未満では、液量不足により有害成分の除去効果が低下し、液ガス比が５より大きいと液量が多すぎるため排水処理系への負荷が増大する。
ＳＶは５０未満では、缶体容積が大きくなりすぎ、ＳＶが１００より大きいと接触時間が短すぎるため、反応性が低下する。
The pH of the acid cleaning liquid in the
If the pH is less than 2, the can body may be corroded severely. If the pH is greater than 5, the amount of HCN dissolved in the cleaning liquid increases.
Moreover, if the liquid gas ratio is less than 1, the effect of removing harmful components is reduced due to insufficient liquid amount. If the liquid gas ratio is larger than 4, the amount of liquid is too large and the load on the wastewater treatment system increases.
Further, it is preferable that the oxygen-containing cleaning water supplied to the packed tower 4 has a pH of 4 to 8, a liquid gas ratio of L / G = 1 to 5 L / m 3 , and an SV of 50 to 100 l / Hr.
This is because if the pH is less than 4 or greater than 8, the organism may be killed.
If the liquid / gas ratio is less than 1, the effect of removing harmful components is reduced due to insufficient liquid volume. If the liquid / gas ratio is larger than 5, the liquid volume is too high and the load on the wastewater treatment system increases.
If the SV is less than 50, the volume of the can body becomes too large, and if the SV is greater than 100, the contact time is too short, so the reactivity decreases.
また充填塔４には、セラミック材料やＰＶＡなどの高分子材料からなる生物担体を充填しておく。一般的な鉄系の脱硫剤を用いる場合は脱硫剤コストが高くなるのに対し、生物担体を充填して生物脱硫する場合は空気を微量供給して生物学的に除去することから低ランニングコストでの処理が可能となる。なお、図示の装置では散気板からなる酸素供給装置７により空気が供給されている。 The packed tower 4 is filled with a biological carrier made of a polymer material such as a ceramic material or PVA. When using a general iron-based desulfurization agent, the desulfurization agent cost is high, but when biodesulfurization is performed by filling a biological carrier, a small amount of air is supplied to remove biologically, resulting in low running cost. Can be processed. In the illustrated apparatus, air is supplied by an oxygen supply device 7 composed of a diffuser plate.
また本発明においては、スクラバー２における酸洗浄排水からアルカリストリッピング法によりアンモニアを回収することができる。更に、スクラバー２における酸洗浄排水中のカーボン粒子、タール分などを凝集分離した後に、ＭＡＰ法やゼオライト法などによりアンモニアを回収することもできる。
In the present invention, ammonia can be recovered from the acid cleaning waste water in the
以上の説明からも明らかなように、本発明は熱分解ガスを先ずスクラバーにより冷却・酸洗浄してガス中のカーボン粒子、タール分およびアルカリ性ガスを除去し、次いで、酸素含有洗浄水が供給されている充填塔により生物酸化してＨＣＮやＨ２Ｓ等の有害ガスを除去するので、従来のように排水中に有害なＨＣＮが移行することがなく、簡単に燃料ガスを回収することができるものである。また、生物酸化を利用することによりランニングコストの低減を図ることもできる。 As is apparent from the above description, the present invention is such that the pyrolysis gas is first cooled and acid cleaned by a scrubber to remove carbon particles, tar content and alkaline gas in the gas, and then oxygen-containing cleaning water is supplied. Because it removes harmful gases such as HCN and H 2 S by bio-oxidation using the packed tower, harmful HCN does not migrate into the waste water as in the past, and fuel gas can be easily recovered Is. In addition, the running cost can be reduced by using biological oxidation.
１ 熱分解炉
２ スクラバー
２ａ 酸洗浄液の供給手段
３ ｐＨ制御装置
４ 充填塔
４ａ 酸素含有洗浄水の供給手段
５ 充填層
６ ｐＨ制御装置
７ 酸素供給装置
９ 除湿装置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1
Claims (6)
A device that purifies pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing organic waste into fuel gas, and is adjusted by a scrubber having means for supplying an acid cleaning liquid adjusted by a pH control device, and by a pH control device and an oxygen supply device. The apparatus for purifying pyrolysis gas, comprising a supply tower for supplying purified oxygen containing cleaning water, and a gas carrier purification tower that removes H 2 S and HCN by biological oxidation, and a dehumidifier connected in sequence. .
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