JP4894127B2 - Method for bleaching lignocellulosic material - Google Patents

Method for bleaching lignocellulosic material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4894127B2
JP4894127B2 JP2003161518A JP2003161518A JP4894127B2 JP 4894127 B2 JP4894127 B2 JP 4894127B2 JP 2003161518 A JP2003161518 A JP 2003161518A JP 2003161518 A JP2003161518 A JP 2003161518A JP 4894127 B2 JP4894127 B2 JP 4894127B2
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bleaching
pulp
ozone
stage
strength
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JP2004360124A (en
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武志 飯森
高興 柳谷
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Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd
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Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
酸素脱リグニン処理後のケミカルパルプの漂白方法であって、オゾン漂白時のパルプ繊維強度の低下を防止する技術に関するものであり、詳しくは、少なくとも1つのオゾン漂白段を含むECF漂白またはTCF漂白工程において、オゾン初段(Z1)漂白終了後のパルプのカッパー価を2.0〜5.0とすることにより、パルプ繊維の強度低下を防止する技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
クラフトパルプは包装資材用途を除き、製紙用途で代表される殆どの用途では、化学的に蒸解・洗浄後、数種類の漂白剤で処理することにより、パルプ中に含まれる着色原因物質であるリグニンなどを除去し、次第に白色度を高めた漂白クラフトパルプにまで漂白処理される。
【0003】
この漂白クラフトパルプのパルプ繊維強度は最終製品である紙などの強度に影響するので、ある程度のパルプ繊維強度を維持することが必要である。この観点から、パルプ繊維を構成するセルロースなどの炭水化物の分解を最小限にとどめるため、単段での過激な漂白を避け、漂白剤の種類と漂白条件を変えて温和に漂白する多段漂白が一般的に採用されている。
【0004】
塩素や塩素系漂白剤を使用する従来の多段漂白シーケンスでは、蒸解後のパルプはそのまま、あるいは必要に応じて酸素脱リグニン処理後、まず塩素(C)段の処理でリグニンを塩素化し可溶性とした後、アルカリ抽出(E)段でリグニンを溶解抽出処理してパルプ中からリグニンを分離し、次いで二酸化塩素(D)段や次亜塩素酸塩(H)段などを組み合わせたシーケンスによる処理で残留する少量のリグニンを更に分解除去し、白色度の高いパルプを得る方法が採用されてきた。この塩素や塩素系漂白剤を使用する多段漂白シーケンスは、国内のパルプ工場においても長年にわたって採用されてきたので、この漂白パルプの繊維強度はある範囲内にあり、このパルプを原料とした紙製品などの強度も紙の用途毎に、ある範囲内の規格値が確立されている状況がある。
【0005】
他方、紙パルプ工場の漂白工程から排出される物質が環境に与える影響に関心が集まる中、従来の塩素および/または塩素系薬品を主に用いた漂白方法から、塩素を使わないECF漂白や更に進んで塩素系薬品を全く使用しないTCF漂白が全世界的に主流となりつつある。ECF漂白では、塩素や次亜塩素酸塩を使用せず、二酸化塩素、過酸化水素、酸素、オゾンなどの漂白剤を使用し、TCF漂白では、更に二酸化塩素も使用していない。
【0006】
オゾン漂白には液相法と気相法があり、古くから研究されてきた。しかし、オゾンは反応選択性に乏しいため、リグニンの分解と同時にセルロース鎖の分解も進行する。その結果、塩素や塩素系漂白剤を使用する従来の漂白シーケンスで得られる漂白パルプに比較して、オゾン漂白パルプはパルプ繊維強度が低下してしまうという問題があった。
【0007】
気相法オゾン漂白において、パルプ粘度やパルプ繊維強度の低下を抑制する従来の技術としては、次のようなものを挙げることができる。目標白色度が得られるまでオゾン処理と水洗処理を交互に少なくとも2回ずつ繰り返し、オゾン漂白で副生する酸化生成物を除去し、オゾン漂白効率を高めることによりパルプ粘度の低下を抑制する技術(特許文献1参照。)、更にこの技術においてオゾン処理を5℃以下で行う技術(特許文献2参照。)、オゾン漂白処理に先立って、パルプを特定の有機溶媒で処理する技術(特許文献3参照。)、pH=2.0〜6.0の条件下、1〜15mg/lの低濃度オゾンガスで漂白する技術(特許文献4参照。)がそれぞれ登録後、公知となっている。酸素漂白後、酸性条件下でオゾン漂白する技術(特許文献5参照。)、酸素漂白後、メチルアルコールの存在下、中性条件のもとでオゾン漂白する技術(特許文献6参照。)、炭素数1〜3の脂肪酸の少なくとも1種の存在下にオゾン漂白する技術(特許文献7参照。)がそれぞれ開示されている。蒸解後のパルプをpH=約1〜6で酸処理後、pH=約1〜7で特定量のアルカリ土類金属化合物を添加した後、オゾンを含む無塩素漂白剤で処理する技術が登録されている(特許文献8参照。)。蒸解後のパルプをpH=3.1〜9.0の条件でキレート剤を添加後、過酸化物で漂白処理した後、オゾン漂白する技術が登録されている(特許文献9参照。)。更に、中濃度パルプをオゾン漂白する際に、特定の界面活性剤を添加する技術(特許文献10参照。)、オゾン漂白の際に、特定の界面活性剤とキレート剤とを併用添加する技術(特許文献11参照。)、低濃度パルプをオゾン濃度17%以上のオゾンでゆるやかにオゾン漂白する技術(特許文献12参照。)、濃度17%以下の酸素漂白パルプを、オゾン濃度17%以上かつオゾン分圧0.98kg/cm2でオゾン処理する技術(特許文献13参照。)がそれぞれ開示されている。また、少ないオゾンガス添加量で高い白色度を維持しつつ、パルプ強度の低下を抑制することを課題として、アルカリ性薬品にてリグノセルロース物質を蒸解後、酸素脱リグニンを行うことによってカッパー価を8〜15にし、得られたパルプを酸性水溶液で処理し、前工程の酸素脱リグニン工程対比でパルプのカッパー価換算で30%以上低下させ、かつカッパー価を3〜10に低下させ、その後の工程でオゾンガス処理後、抽出処理を行い、更に二酸化塩素処理を行うシーケンスで漂白する技術が開示されている。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特許第876233号明細書
【特許文献2】
特許第884463号明細書
【特許文献3】
特許第876234号明細書
【特許文献4】
特許第1098320号明細書
【特許文献5】
特開昭53-90402号公報
【特許文献6】
特開昭53-90403号公報
【特許文献7】
特開平1-221587号公報
【特許文献8】
特許第2592747号明細書
【特許文献9】
特許第2069315号明細書
【特許文献10】
特開平7-119063号公報
【特許文献11】
特開平8-188976号公報
【特許文献12】
特開平9-241987号公報
【特許文献13】
特開平9-241988号公報
【特許文献14】
特開2000-290887号公報
【0009】
オゾン製造コストが高いことも実用化が遅れていた原因であったが、近年、低コストのオゾン発生機や反応の均一性を高める撹拌機などの開発が進み、国内においてもオゾン漂白法の導入が開始されている。パルプ繊維強度低下を抑制する従来の技術でも、オゾン漂白におけるパルプ繊維強度低下の問題を完全には解決できていないのが現状である。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、オゾン漂白段を含むECF漂白またはTCF漂白で製造される漂白パルプの強度低下を抑制でき、かつ塩素や次亜塩素酸塩などを漂白剤として使用する従来の漂白シーケンスで得られる漂白パルプと同等の強度を維持できる漂白方法を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
蒸解後のケミカルパルプを酸素脱リグニン処理し、少なくとも1つのオゾン漂白段、及び二酸化塩素段を含むECF漂白を行うに際して、ECF漂白工程シーケンスが、初段が酸処理であり、次いでオゾン漂白段であり、その後二酸化塩素段を有しており、酸処理の反応温度が60〜85℃、反応時間が20分〜5時間であり、酸処理終了後のパルプのカッパー価を7.3〜9.7とし、かつ、オゾンの初段(Z1)漂白終了後のパルプのカッパー価を2.5〜4.5とする。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に使用されるリグノセルロース材料は、広葉樹、針葉樹などの木本植物由来のもの、更にパガス、ケナフ、エスパルト草、稲、葦などの草木植物由来のものである。好ましくは、広葉樹、針葉樹である。
【0013】
本発明を適用するリグノセルロース物質はケミカルパルプであり、蒸解法としては、クラフトパルプ化法、サルファイトパルプ化法、アルカリパルプ化法が挙げられる。好適にはクラフトパルプ化法である。クラフトパルプ化蒸解法は、クラフト−アンスラキノン蒸解法、クラフト−ポリサルファイド蒸解法、クラフト−ポリサルファイド−アンスラキノン蒸解法を含む。さらにクラフト法については修正法として、MCC、EMCC、ITC、Lo-solid法等が知られているが、それらの方法に限定されず適用できる。クラフト蒸解後のパルプは漂白に先立って、公知の条件で酸素脱リグニン処理される。酸素脱リグニン処理後のパルプのカッパー価は8〜15であり、好ましくは9〜13、更に好ましくは9〜12である。カッパー価が○未満の場合はパルプ繊維強度がすでに低下しているため、本発明のパルプ繊維強度低下の抑制効果がでない。カッパー価が15を超える場合には後続の漂白工程への負荷が大きいため、所定の白色度を得るためにオゾン漂白を強化しなければならず、パルプ繊維強度低下する。
【0014】
蒸解後のケミカルパルプは酸素脱リグニン処理後、必要であれば、ヘキセンウロン酸の除去を目的とした酸処理を行っても良い。この酸処理の条件として、酸処理時pHは2.0〜3.0、好ましくは2.0〜2.5であり、反応温度は60〜85℃、好ましくは60〜80℃、反応時間は20分間〜5時間の範囲内である。
【0015】
酸処理後のパルプのカッパー価は5〜10である。この酸処理に使用する酸の種類は、硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、亜硫酸、亜硝酸、二酸化塩素発生装置の残留酸などの鉱酸を使用できる。入手しやすく取り扱いが容易なので好適には硫酸である。
【0016】
酸素脱リグニン後、または酸素脱リグニン−酸処理後、パルプを少なくとも1つのオゾン漂白段を含むECF漂白あるいはTCF漂白シーケンスで漂白する。ECF漂白シーケンスとしては、塩素、次亜塩素酸塩を使用しなければ良く、特に限定はない。Z-E-D、Z-Eop-D0-D1、ZD0-Eop-D1、ZD0-Ep-D1、ZD0-EOOP-D1-E-D2、Z1D0-O/EO-Z2D2-EP-D3などのシーケンス、更にこの初段Zの前に酸処理を組み込んだシーケンスを挙げることができる。また、TCF漂白シーケンスとしては、塩素、次亜塩素酸塩、更に二酸化塩素を使用しなければ良く、特に限定はない。ZQ-PO-Pなどのシーケンス、更にこの初段Zの前に酸処理を組み込んだシケンスを挙げることができる。Zはオゾン漂白、Dは二酸化塩素漂白でありD0はその初段、D1は二段目を意味する。Eopは酸素と過酸化水素を添加したアルカリ抽出、Epは過酸化水素添加のアルカリ抽出を意味する。
【0017】
オゾン漂白は気相法であり、オゾンガスの発生装置およびオゾン濃度には限定はなく、吸着法や膜分離法によって得られる高濃度オゾンも使用できる。また、オゾン漂白時のパルプ濃度は低濃度、中濃度、高濃度のいずれにも適用できる。具体的なパルプ濃度は0.5〜50%である。オゾン漂白は酸性条件下で行い、pH=1〜5であり、好ましくは2〜4である。温度は20〜100℃、好ましくは40〜80℃である。漂白時のオゾン分圧も特に限定はない。漂白時間は0.1秒〜1時間、好ましくは1秒〜10分間である。オゾン漂白後のカッパー価は2.0〜5.0であり、好ましくは2.5〜4.5、更に好ましくは3.0〜4.5である。このカッパー価となるようにオゾン添加量を決定する。カッパー価が2.0未満までオゾンによる漂白を進めると、セルロースの分解が進行し、パルプ繊維強度が低下してしまう。カッパー価が5.0を超える場合、オゾン漂白後のパルプ繊維強度は問題ないが、後続の漂白負荷が高まるという問題が発生する。
【0018】
オゾン漂白後のパルプは、前記の漂白シーケンスなどで所定の白色度まで漂白処理される。
【0019】
本発明のECF漂白パルプまたはTCF漂白パルプは、Z1漂白段におけるセルロース分解が少ないため、塩素、次亜塩素酸塩などの漂白剤を使用した従来の漂白シーケンスで製造される漂白パルプと同等のパルプ繊維強度を有する。
【0020】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に示すが、本発明の技術範囲は、勿論かかる実施例に限定されるものではない。
(1)供試パルプ
広葉樹チップをクラフトパルプ化法で蒸解して得られた未晒パルプを酸素脱リグニン処理し、カッパー価10.4、ハンター白色度45.9%のパルプを得た。これを以下の実施例、比較例で使用した。
(2)漂白パルプの強度試験方法
漂白が終了したパルプをPFIミルに入れ、クリアランス2mm、パルプ濃度10%(絶乾重量22.5g)で、回転数2,000、4,000、8,000rpmの条件で叩解し、濾水度の異なるパルプを採取した。これらの叩解パルプでそれぞれ手抄きシートを作成し、坪量、厚さ、密度を測定し、更に破裂強さ、引裂強さ、引張強さ、耐折強さの強度試験を行った。パルプ濾水度と各強度の関係図を作成し、この図から濾水度400mlにおける各強度値を求めた。
・手抄きシート作成方法:JIS P 8209に準拠した。
・厚さ、密度:JIS P 8118に準拠した。
・破裂強さ:JIS P 8112に準拠して測定し、この値から比破裂強さを計算した。
・引裂強さ:JIS P 8116に準拠して測定し、この値から比引裂強さを計算した。
・引張強さ:JIS P 8113に準拠して測定し、この値から裂断長を計算した。
・耐折強さ:JIS P 8115に準拠した。
【0021】
【実施例1〜4】
酸素脱リグニン後のパルプをZ(EP)−Dシーケンスで漂白を行った。参考例、実施例1、2、3の各漂白段の漂白条件と各漂白終了後のカッパー価や白色度の結果を表1に示した。Z処理後のカッパー価は、参考例で2.1、実施例で2.5、実施例で3.3、実施例で3.8である。また、漂白が終了したパルプを濾水度400mlまで叩解した場合の比破裂強さ、比引裂強さ、裂断長、耐折強さを表2に示した。なお、漂白方法は以下の通りである。
(1)Z段
CRS社製の中濃度リアクターを用いて中濃度オゾン漂白を行った。オゾン添加時に約2,500rpmで約20秒間、30秒後に3,000rpmで10秒間撹拌した。次いで温度維持のために2分おきに30秒間500rpmで撹拌した。
(2)EP段
パルプをポリエチレンの袋に入れ、恒温槽中で漂白処理を行った。
(3)D段
パルプをポリエチレンの袋に入れ、恒温槽中で漂白処理を行った。
【0022】
【比較例1】
酸素脱リグニン後のパルプを表1に示す条件でZ(EP)-Dシーケンスで漂白を行った。Z処理後のカッパー価は1.8であった。漂白が終了したパルプを濾水度400mlまで叩解した場合の比破裂強さ、比引裂強さ、裂断長、耐折強さを表2に示した。
【0023】
【比較例2】
酸素脱リグニン後のパルプをC/D-E/P-Dシーケンスで漂白を行った。各漂白段の漂白条件と各漂白終了後のカッパー価や白色度の結果を表1に示した。また、漂白が終了したパルプを濾水度400mlまで叩解した場合の比破裂強さ、比引裂強さ、裂断長、耐折強さを表2に示した。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0004894127
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0004894127
【0026】
Z処理後のパルプカッパー価と濾水度400mlにおける強度値(表2に記載)の関係を図1に示した。Z処理後のカッパー価が2.0付近までは、比破裂強さ、裂断長、比引裂強さ、耐折強さのいずれも比較例2と同等の強度を維持できているが、比較例2のようにZ処理後カッパー価を1.8まで下げると、比引裂強さと耐折強さが低下し、比較例2よりも低強度となることがわかる。
【0027】
【図1】
Figure 0004894127
【0028】
【発明の効果】
蒸解後のケミカルパルプを酸素脱リグニン処理し、少なくとも1つのオゾン漂白段を含むECF漂白またはTCF漂白工程で漂白を行うに際して、オゾンの初段(Z1)漂白終了後のパルプのカッパー価を2.0〜5.0とすることにより、該ECF漂白または該TCF漂白で製造される漂白パルプの強度低下を抑制でき、かつ塩素や次亜塩素酸塩などを漂白剤として使用する従来の漂白シーケンスで得られる漂白パルプと同等の強度を維持できる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A method for bleaching chemical pulp after oxygen delignification treatment, which relates to a technique for preventing a decrease in pulp fiber strength during ozone bleaching, and more particularly, an ECF bleaching process or a TCF bleaching process including at least one ozone bleaching stage. In the first stage of ozone (Z 1 ), the technology relates to a technique for preventing a decrease in the strength of pulp fibers by setting the kappa number of the pulp to 2.0 to 5.0.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Kraft pulp, except for packaging materials, is used in most paper applications, such as lignin, which is a color-causing substance contained in pulp by chemically digesting and washing, and then treating with several types of bleach. And bleaching to bleached kraft pulp with gradually increased whiteness.
[0003]
Since the pulp fiber strength of the bleached kraft pulp affects the strength of the final product such as paper, it is necessary to maintain a certain level of pulp fiber strength. From this point of view, in order to minimize the decomposition of carbohydrates such as cellulose that make up pulp fiber, multi-stage bleaching is generally used, which avoids extreme bleaching in a single stage and gently bleaches by changing the type of bleaching agent and bleaching conditions. Has been adopted.
[0004]
In the conventional multi-stage bleaching sequence using chlorine or chlorine bleach, the pulp after cooking is left as it is or after oxygen delignification treatment as necessary, and then lignin is chlorinated and made soluble in the chlorine (C) stage treatment. Then, the lignin is dissolved and extracted in the alkali extraction (E) stage to separate the lignin from the pulp, and then remains in the process by a sequence combining the chlorine dioxide (D) stage and the hypochlorite (H) stage. A method has been adopted in which a small amount of lignin is further decomposed and removed to obtain a pulp having high whiteness. This multi-stage bleaching sequence using chlorine and chlorine bleach has been adopted for many years in domestic pulp mills, so the fiber strength of this bleached pulp is within a certain range, and paper products made from this pulp. There are situations in which standard values within a certain range are established for each paper application.
[0005]
On the other hand, while interest in the environmental impact of substances discharged from the pulp and paper mill bleaching process has increased, conventional chlorine and / or chlorine-based chemical bleaching methods have been used, and chlorine-free ECF bleaching and further TCF bleaching, which does not use chlorinated chemicals at all, is becoming the mainstream worldwide. In ECF bleaching, chlorine and hypochlorite are not used, but bleaching agents such as chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, and ozone are used. In TCF bleaching, chlorine dioxide is not further used.
[0006]
There are two methods for ozone bleaching, the liquid phase method and the gas phase method, which have been studied for a long time. However, since ozone has poor reaction selectivity, the degradation of cellulose chains proceeds simultaneously with the degradation of lignin. As a result, ozone bleached pulp has a problem that the pulp fiber strength is lowered as compared with bleached pulp obtained by a conventional bleaching sequence using chlorine or a chlorine bleach.
[0007]
In the gas phase method ozone bleaching, examples of conventional techniques for suppressing a decrease in pulp viscosity and pulp fiber strength include the following. Technology that suppresses the decrease in pulp viscosity by repeating ozone treatment and washing treatment alternately at least twice until the target whiteness is achieved, removing oxidation products by-produced by ozone bleaching, and increasing ozone bleaching efficiency ( Further, in this technique, a technique for performing ozone treatment at 5 ° C. or less (see Patent Document 2), and a technique for treating pulp with a specific organic solvent prior to ozone bleaching (see Patent Document 3). ), And a technique of bleaching with low-concentration ozone gas of 1 to 15 mg / l under the condition of pH = 2.0 to 6.0 (refer to Patent Document 4) is known after registration. After oxygen bleaching, ozone bleaching under acidic conditions (see Patent Document 5), after oxygen bleaching, ozone bleaching under neutral conditions in the presence of methyl alcohol (see Patent Document 6), carbon Techniques for ozone bleaching in the presence of at least one fatty acid of 1 to 3 (see Patent Document 7) are disclosed. Registered technology to treat digested pulp after acid treatment at pH = about 1-6, after adding a specific amount of alkaline earth metal compound at pH = 1-7, and then with ozone-free bleach containing ozone (See Patent Document 8). A technique for ozone-bleaching after adding a chelating agent to the pulp after cooking under the condition of pH = 3.1 to 9.0 and then bleaching with a peroxide is registered (see Patent Document 9). Furthermore, a technique of adding a specific surfactant when ozone-bleaching medium-concentration pulp (see Patent Document 10), and a technique of adding a specific surfactant and a chelating agent in combination during ozone bleaching (see FIG. Patent Document 11), a technique for gently ozone-bleaching low-concentration pulp with ozone having an ozone concentration of 17% or more (see Patent Document 12), oxygen-bleached pulp having a concentration of 17% or less, ozone concentration of 17% or more and ozone Techniques for performing ozone treatment at a partial pressure of 0.98 kg / cm 2 (see Patent Document 13) are disclosed. In addition, while maintaining high whiteness with a small amount of ozone gas added, the objective is to suppress the decrease in pulp strength, and after cooking the lignocellulosic material with alkaline chemicals, the copper value is set to 8- 15 and treating the resulting pulp with an acidic aqueous solution, reducing it by 30% or more in terms of pulp kappa conversion compared to the oxygen delignification process of the previous step, and reducing the kappa number to 3-10, A technique is disclosed in which bleaching is performed in a sequence in which extraction treatment is performed after ozone gas treatment and chlorine dioxide treatment is further performed.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
Patent No. 876233 [Patent Document 2]
Patent No. 884463 [Patent Document 3]
Patent No. 876234 Specification [Patent Document 4]
Patent No. 1098320 [Patent Document 5]
JP-A-53-90402 [Patent Document 6]
JP-A-53-90403 [Patent Document 7]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-221587 [Patent Document 8]
Patent No. 2592747 [Patent Document 9]
Patent No. 2069315 [Patent Document 10]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-119063 [Patent Document 11]
JP-A-8-188976 [Patent Document 12]
JP 9-241987 [Patent Document 13]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-241988 [Patent Document 14]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-290887
The high cost of ozone production was also the cause of the delay in commercialization, but in recent years, the development of low-cost ozone generators and agitators that increase the uniformity of the reaction has progressed, and the introduction of the ozone bleaching method in Japan. Has been started. Even in the conventional technique for suppressing the decrease in pulp fiber strength, the problem of the decrease in pulp fiber strength in ozone bleaching cannot be completely solved.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is that it is possible to suppress a decrease in strength of bleached pulp produced by ECF bleaching or TCF bleaching including an ozone bleaching stage, and to use chlorine or hypochlorite as a bleaching agent. An object of the present invention is to provide a bleaching method capable of maintaining the same strength as the bleached pulp obtained by the bleaching sequence.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
When the chemical pulp after cooking is subjected to oxygen delignification treatment and ECF bleaching including at least one ozone bleaching stage and chlorine dioxide stage, the ECF bleaching process sequence is an acid treatment first, followed by an ozone bleaching stage. Then, it has a chlorine dioxide stage, the reaction temperature of acid treatment is 60 to 85 ° C., the reaction time is 20 minutes to 5 hours, and the kappa number of the pulp after acid treatment is 7.3 to 9.7. And the kappa number of the pulp after the first stage (Z1) bleaching of ozone is 2.5 to 4.5 .
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The lignocellulosic material used in the present invention is derived from woody plants such as broad-leaved trees and conifers, and further from planted plants such as pagas, kenaf, esparto grass, rice, and straw. Preferred are hardwoods and conifers.
[0013]
The lignocellulosic material to which the present invention is applied is a chemical pulp, and examples of the cooking method include a kraft pulping method, a sulfite pulping method, and an alkali pulping method. A kraft pulping method is preferred. Kraft pulping cooking methods include Kraft-Anthraquinone cooking method, Kraft-Polysulfide cooking method, Kraft-Polysulfide-Anthraquinone cooking method. Further, as for the craft method, MCC, EMCC, ITC, Lo-solid method and the like are known as correction methods, but are not limited to these methods and can be applied. The pulp after kraft cooking is oxygen delignified under known conditions prior to bleaching. The kappa number of the pulp after the oxygen delignification treatment is 8 to 15, preferably 9 to 13, and more preferably 9 to 12. When the kappa number is less than ◯, the pulp fiber strength has already been lowered, and thus the pulp fiber strength reduction effect of the present invention is not effective. When the kappa number exceeds 15, the load on the subsequent bleaching process is large, so that ozone bleaching must be strengthened to obtain a predetermined whiteness, resulting in a decrease in pulp fiber strength.
[0014]
The digested chemical pulp may be subjected to an oxygen delignification treatment and then an acid treatment for the purpose of removing hexeneuronic acid, if necessary. As conditions for this acid treatment, the pH during acid treatment is 2.0 to 3.0, preferably 2.0 to 2.5, the reaction temperature is 60 to 85 ° C., preferably 60 to 80 ° C., and the reaction time is in the range of 20 minutes to 5 hours. It is.
[0015]
The kappa number of the pulp after acid treatment is 5-10. The acid used for this acid treatment can be mineral acid such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfurous acid, nitrous acid, or residual acid of chlorine dioxide generator. Sulfuric acid is preferred because it is readily available and easy to handle.
[0016]
After oxygen delignification or after oxygen delignification-acid treatment, the pulp is bleached with an ECF bleaching or TCF bleaching sequence comprising at least one ozone bleaching stage. The ECF bleaching sequence is not particularly limited as long as chlorine and hypochlorite are not used. ZED, Z-Eop-D 0 -D 1 , ZD 0 -Eop-D 1 , ZD 0 -Ep-D 1 , ZD 0 -EOOP-D 1 -ED 2 , Z 1 D 0 -O / EO-Z 2 A sequence such as D 2 -EP-D 3 and a sequence incorporating acid treatment before the first stage Z can be exemplified. The TCF bleaching sequence is not particularly limited as long as chlorine, hypochlorite, and chlorine dioxide are not used. A sequence such as ZQ-PO-P and a sequence incorporating acid treatment before the first stage Z can be mentioned. Z is ozone bleaching, D is chlorine dioxide bleaching, D 0 means the first stage, and D 1 means the second stage. Eop means alkali extraction with oxygen and hydrogen peroxide added, and Ep means alkali extraction with hydrogen peroxide added.
[0017]
Ozone bleaching is a gas phase method, and the ozone gas generator and ozone concentration are not limited, and high-concentration ozone obtained by an adsorption method or a membrane separation method can also be used. Moreover, the pulp concentration at the time of ozone bleaching can be applied to any of low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration. The specific pulp concentration is 0.5-50%. Ozone bleaching is carried out under acidic conditions, pH = 1-5, preferably 2-4. The temperature is 20-100 ° C, preferably 40-80 ° C. The ozone partial pressure during bleaching is not particularly limited. The bleaching time is 0.1 second to 1 hour, preferably 1 second to 10 minutes. The kappa number after ozone bleaching is 2.0 to 5.0, preferably 2.5 to 4.5, more preferably 3.0 to 4.5. The amount of ozone added is determined so as to achieve this kappa number. When bleaching with ozone is carried out to a kappa number of less than 2.0, decomposition of cellulose proceeds and pulp fiber strength decreases. When the kappa number exceeds 5.0, there is no problem with the pulp fiber strength after ozone bleaching, but the subsequent bleaching load increases.
[0018]
The pulp after ozone bleaching is bleached to a predetermined whiteness by the bleaching sequence described above.
[0019]
Since the ECF bleached pulp or TCF bleached pulp of the present invention has less cellulose degradation in the Z 1 bleaching stage, it is equivalent to the bleached pulp produced by the conventional bleaching sequence using bleaching agents such as chlorine and hypochlorite. Has pulp fiber strength.
[0020]
【Example】
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to such examples.
(1) Unbleached pulp obtained by cooking test pulp hardwood chips by kraft pulping was subjected to oxygen delignification to obtain a pulp having a copper number of 10.4 and a hunter whiteness of 45.9%. This was used in the following examples and comparative examples.
(2) Method for testing the strength of bleached pulp Put the bleached pulp into a PFI mill, beat it under the conditions of 2 mm clearance, 10% pulp concentration (absolutely dry weight 22.5 g), rotation speed 2,000, 4,000, 8,000 rpm, Pulp with different freeness was collected. Hand-pulled sheets were prepared from each of these beaten pulps, and the basis weight, thickness, and density were measured. Further, the strength tests of burst strength, tear strength, tensile strength, and folding strength were performed. A relationship diagram between pulp freeness and each strength was prepared, and each strength value at a freeness of 400 ml was determined from this diagram.
-Hand-sheet creation method: compliant with JIS P 8209.
-Thickness and density: compliant with JIS P 8118.
-Burst strength: Measured according to JIS P8112, and the specific burst strength was calculated from this value.
-Tear strength: Measured according to JIS P 8116, and the specific tear strength was calculated from this value.
-Tensile strength: Measured according to JIS P 8113, and the fracture length was calculated from this value.
-Folding resistance: Conforms to JIS P 8115.
[0021]
Examples 1 to 4
The pulp after oxygen delignification was bleached with the Z (EP) -D sequence. Table 1 shows the bleaching conditions in each bleaching stage of Reference Example, Examples 1 , 2 , and 3 , and the results of the kappa number and the whiteness after the completion of each bleaching. The Kappa number after Z treatment is 2.1 in the reference example , 2.5 in the example 1 , 3.3 in the example 2 , and 3.8 in the example 3 . Table 2 shows the specific burst strength, specific tear strength, split length, and bending strength when the pulp after bleaching is beaten to a freeness of 400 ml. The bleaching method is as follows.
(1) Z stage Medium concentration ozone bleaching was performed using a medium concentration reactor manufactured by CRS. The mixture was stirred at about 2,500 rpm for about 20 seconds at the time of ozone addition, and after 30 seconds at 3,000 rpm for 10 seconds. Subsequently, in order to maintain temperature, it stirred at 500 rpm for 30 seconds every 2 minutes.
(2) EP stage The pulp was put into a polyethylene bag and bleached in a thermostatic bath.
(3) D stage The pulp was put in a polyethylene bag and bleached in a thermostatic bath.
[0022]
[Comparative Example 1]
The pulp after oxygen delignification was bleached by the Z (EP) -D sequence under the conditions shown in Table 1. The Kappa number after Z treatment was 1.8. Table 2 shows the specific burst strength, specific tear strength, fracture length, and folding strength when the bleached pulp was beaten to a freeness of 400 ml.
[0023]
[Comparative Example 2]
The pulp after oxygen delignification was bleached by C / DE / PD sequence. Table 1 shows the bleaching conditions of each bleaching stage and the results of kappa number and whiteness after each bleaching. Table 2 shows the specific burst strength, specific tear strength, fracture length, and folding strength when the bleached pulp was beaten to a freeness of 400 ml.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004894127
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004894127
[0026]
The relationship between the pulp kappa number after Z treatment and the strength value (described in Table 2) at a freeness of 400 ml is shown in FIG. Until the copper value after Z treatment is close to 2.0, the specific burst strength, the fracture length, the specific tear strength, and the bending strength can all maintain the same strength as Comparative Example 2, but Comparative Example 2 Thus, it can be seen that when the copper value after Z treatment is lowered to 1.8, the specific tear strength and folding strength are lowered, and the strength is lower than that of Comparative Example 2.
[0027]
[Figure 1]
Figure 0004894127
[0028]
【Effect of the invention】
When the digested chemical pulp is subjected to oxygen delignification and bleaching is performed in the ECF bleaching or TCF bleaching process including at least one ozone bleaching stage, the copper value of the pulp after the first stage (Z 1 ) bleaching of ozone is 2.0 to A bleaching pulp obtained by a conventional bleaching sequence that can suppress a decrease in strength of the bleached pulp produced by the ECF bleaching or the TCF bleaching and uses chlorine, hypochlorite, or the like as a bleaching agent. Can maintain the same strength.

Claims (1)

蒸解後のケミカルパルプを酸素脱リグニン処理し、少なくとも1つのオゾン漂白段、及び二酸化塩素段を含むECF漂白で漂白パルプを製造する漂白方法であって、ECF漂白工程シーケンスが、初段が酸処理であり、次いでオゾン漂白段であり、その後二酸化塩素段を有しており、酸処理の反応温度が60〜85℃、反応時間が20分〜5時間であり、酸処理終了後のパルプのカッパー価を7.3〜9.7とし、かつ、オゾンの初段(Z1)漂白終了後のパルプのカッパー価を2.5〜4.5とすることを特徴とするリグノセルロース物質の漂白方法 A bleaching method in which a chemical pulp after cooking is subjected to oxygen delignification and bleached pulp is produced by ECF bleaching including at least one ozone bleaching stage and a chlorine dioxide stage, wherein the ECF bleaching process sequence is first treated with acid treatment. Yes, followed by ozone bleaching stage, then chlorine dioxide stage, acid treatment reaction temperature of 60-85 ° C., reaction time of 20 minutes-5 hours, and pulp kappa number after completion of acid treatment And 2.7 to 9.7, and the kappa number of the pulp after the first stage (Z1) bleaching of ozone is 2.5 to 4.5 .
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