JP4887012B2 - Method and apparatus for gas recovery from gas hydrate and method for regasification of gas hydrate - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and a recovery apparatus for recovering a gas such as methane gas from a gas hydrate existing below the ground surface or the bottom of the sea, and a gas hydrate regasification method.

  Natural gas is an economical gas that has been conventionally recovered as a conventional gas. This natural gas often exists in a gaseous state in the formation (gas layer) where hydrocarbon-based gas mainly composed of methane exists in the ground, and is used by being excavated from such a gas layer. Is common.

  In contrast to such conventional natural gas, there is one that is considered to be non-conventional natural gas, which has been difficult to commercialize due to low productivity.

Among the unconventional natural gas, gas hydrate is said to have the largest amount of resources. The difference between conventional natural gas and gas hydrate is that gas hydrate is a kind of inclusion compound, and it is in a three-dimensional cage-type inclusion lattice formed by a plurality of water molecules (H ₂ O). In other words, it takes a crystal structure in which molecules such as methane (CH ₄ ) and ethane (C ₂ H ₆ ), which are components of natural gas, enter and are included.

Such a gas hydrate is in a state in which natural gas is densely filled therein. Theoretically, natural gas of about 170 m ³ in terms of gas in the standard state is contained in 1 m ^{3 of} gas hydrate, which is attracting a great deal of attention as a next-generation energy source.

  In addition, once the hydrate has been formed, the moisture in the pores does not move, and the gas hydrate can be formed stably under low temperature and high pressure conditions. The gas hydrate exists as a layer (referred to as a “gas hydrate layer” or simply “hydrate layer”) in the ground that meets these conditions.

  Specifically, it exists in deep underground rocks in the rock layer beneath the seabed and in cold regions such as the Arctic and Antarctic regions. In addition, it is noticeable that it exists widely under the seabed off the coast of Shikoku and other areas around Japan, and is expected as an energy source.

  The gas hydrate is formed under conditions of low temperature and high pressure as described above, and is separated into gas and water when the temperature is raised or the pressure is lowered. That is, to separate the gas from the gas hydrate, the temperature must be increased by at least a few degrees at the same pressure. Furthermore, including the latent heat that dissolves from ice to water requires a lot of thermal energy to heat the gas hydrate.

  As a typical method for recovering gas from such gas hydrate, hot water or the like is injected into the gas hydrate existing in the ground as thermal energy, and the gas hydrate is converted into water and gas in the seabed ground. There is a method of separating and transporting to the sea in this gaseous state.

  However, in order to separate the gas hydrate by such a method, a large amount of energy is required to produce water vapor or hot water as the thermal energy to be supplied. However, this thermal energy is cooled and lost before reaching the gas hydrate present in the formation several hundred meters away, despite the use of large energy as described above.

  Therefore, attempts have been made to transport the gas hydrate to a marine base or the like in a solid state by using the ascending force of gas evaporated in the seabed. In addition, it has been studied to transport and store gas hydrate in a solid state including ground transportation (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this case, it is necessary to regasify the solid state gas hydrate transported to a marine base or the like under an appropriately controlled condition.

  On the other hand, in order to increase the amount of energy supply, it is essential to increase water vapor and hot water, thereby causing expansion of the apparatus. Furthermore, it is necessary to collect a large amount of water, mud, rocks, and the like as residues of water vapor and hot water that have been supplied to the gas hydrate layer.

  For this, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, at least one pair of horizontal wells is excavated so as to sandwich the gas hydrate layer, and hot water or Proposes a method of decomposing gas hydrate by decomposing gas hydrate between both wells by circulating water vapor to have fluidity (hot water chamber) and injecting hot water into this hot water chamber Has been.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-262083 JP 2005-60957 A

  Moreover, as a typical method other than the above, there is a method in which the pressure in the well is lowered to promote the decomposition of the hydrate layer.

  However, in practice, it is difficult to control the pressure by such a method, and if excessive pressure reduction is performed, suction is caused and dangerous. Furthermore, it is difficult to reduce the pressure of the gas hydrate layer over a wide range. Like the above method, it is extremely difficult and inefficient and difficult to establish as an industry.

  In addition, gas hydrate does not exist as a liquid reservoir in a specific place covered with hard rock like oil. It is almost impossible to directly apply the excavation technique to the gas hydrate excavation and recovery.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. The object of the present invention is to supply heat energy with low loss to the formation where the gas hydrate is present, and heat the gas hydrate to efficiently produce the gas. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and a recovery device for recovering a gas from a hydrate and a method for regasifying a gas hydrate.

In order to achieve the above object, a gas recovery method from a second gas hydrate according to the present invention is a gas recovery method from a gas hydrate existing below the ground surface or the sea bottom, wherein the gas hydrate is a gas recovery method. Heat energy is supplied to the gas hydrate from a means for generating steam for heating and a means for generating microwave for further heating the steam as a heat energy radiation source arranged near the position where the rate exists. The gas hydrate is decomposed by the generated thermal energy to generate gas, and the generated gas is recovered by a recovery path (see claim 1 ).

Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable to supply ultrasonic energy in addition to the thermal energy supply by the said thermal energy radiation source in the vicinity of the said thermal energy radiation source (refer Claim 2 ).

In the present invention, it is preferable to adjust the pressure of the generated gas in the gas recovery path from the gas hydrate (see claim 3 ).

In the present invention, it is preferable to convert the gas recovered from the gas hydrate (see claim 4 ).

Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable to filter the gas collect | recovered from the said gas hydrate (refer Claim 5 ).

Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable that the said gas hydrate is methane hydrate and the said gas is methane gas (refer Claim 6 ).

The gas recovery device from the second gas hydrate according to the present invention is a device for recovering gas from a gas hydrate layer existing below the ground surface or the bottom of the sea, and reaches the gas hydrate layer. A main pipe for causing the gas hydrate to connect to the energy supply source, and after the main pipe reaches the gas hydrate layer, the gas hydrate is thermally decomposed at that position. as thermal energy sources include at least one movable for generating a gas, and a head portion comprising means for generating a heating microwave further heating means and the steam generating heat for steam, generated A gas recovery means having a recovery path in the main pipe for recovering the gas on the ground or the sea, and a control unit for performing control for gas generation and recovery; Characterized in that it comprises (see claim 7).

In the present invention, it is preferable that the head unit further includes an ultrasonic wave generation unit connected to the energy supply source and the control unit (see claim 8 ).

In the present invention, the gas recovery means includes at least one pressure control means for adjusting the recovered gas pressure in the gas recovery path between the ground or the sea and the gas hydrate layer. It is preferable (refer claim 9 ).

In the present invention, the gas recovery means preferably includes at least one conversion means for converting the recovered gas between the ground or the sea and the gas hydrate layer. 10 ). The conversion is, for example, a step of removing impurities in methane gas (actually a mixed gas containing methane as a main component) obtained as a result of thermal decomposition of methane hydrate, or a step of removing moisture. Further, a process of changing methane gas to methanol by adding oxygen using a catalyst can be suitably used, but the present invention is not limited to this.

Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable that the said gas collection | recovery means has at least 1 gas filtration means for performing filtration of the collect | recovered gas (refer Claim 11 ).

In the present invention, the main tube is a multiple tube or a composite tube that defines a plurality of lumens, and at least one of the lumens is configured to be able to pass through the head portion, and at least one of the lumens. It is preferable that one constitutes a recovery path of the recovery means (see claim 12 ).

Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable to have the said head part at the front-end | tip of the said main pipe (refer Claim 13 ).

Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable that the said gas hydrate is methane hydrate and the said gas is methane gas (refer Claim 14 ).

The second gas hydrate regasification method according to the present invention is a gas hydrate regasification method, in which steam for heating as a heat energy radiation source is generated in the gas hydrate. And heat energy is supplied to the gas hydrate from the means and means for generating a heating microwave for further heating the water vapor, and the gas hydrate is decomposed by the supplied heat energy to generate gas. (Refer to claim 15 ).

  The method for recovering a gas from a gas hydrate according to the present invention drives a thermal energy radiation source disposed in the vicinity of the position where the gas hydrate is present, so that the heat energy can be reduced and lost in the formation where the gas hydrate exists. The gas hydrate can be heated and the gas hydrate can be efficiently recovered, so that only the gas can be efficiently recovered from the gas hydrate.

  Further, the gas recovery device from the gas hydrate according to the present invention is a compact mechanism that functions suitably for concretely executing the above-described method, and in the vicinity of the position where the gas hydrate actually exists, it is efficient. It is possible to substantially recover only gas from the gas hydrate, and the economic and practical effects are extremely great.

  In addition, the gas hydrate regasification method according to the present invention is suitable for regasification of artificial hydrates and the like formed for transportation on land separately from the above-described recovery methods in the vicinity of the consumption area. Regasification method that can be used for

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, a gas recovery method according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A first gas recovery method according to an aspect of the present invention is a gas recovery method from a gas hydrate existing below the ground surface or the sea bottom, and is a thermal energy radiation disposed in the vicinity of the position where the gas hydrate exists. Heat energy is supplied to the gas hydrate from a heating microwave or high frequency generating means as a source, the gas hydrate is decomposed by this thermal energy to generate gas, and thus the generated gas is recovered. This is a gas recovery method from a gas hydrate recovered from a road.

  In addition to the small number of steps, the gas recovery method described above is very simple to operate and control when supplying thermal energy as compared with conventional gas recovery methods from gas hydrates. As a result, it is possible to realize gas recovery from a gas hydrate that is extremely economical and practical.

  In the above gas recovery method, a heating microwave or means for generating a high frequency is used as a heat energy radiation source to supply heat energy with low loss, but heat energy supply with low loss has been conventionally used. Therefore, it is very important in the present invention to use the above means capable of achieving this.

  Further, a second gas recovery method according to an aspect of the present invention is a gas recovery method from a gas hydrate existing below the ground surface or the bottom of the sea, and is disposed in the vicinity of the position where the gas hydrate is present. Heat energy is supplied to the gas hydrate from a means for generating heating water vapor as a heat energy radiation source and a heating microwave or high frequency means for further heating the water vapor, and the supplied heat energy supplies the heat energy. This is a gas recovery method from a gas hydrate in which gas hydrate is decomposed to generate gas and the generated gas is recovered by a recovery path.

  Here, in order to realize efficient thermal energy supply, it is preferable to control the radiation direction of the thermal energy radiated from the thermal energy radiation source. By controlling the radiation direction of thermal energy, in addition to realizing the above-mentioned efficient thermal energy supply, it is possible to reduce the unnecessary radiation of thermal energy to the underground or underwater ecosystem.

  In the gas recovery method, it is preferable to supply ultrasonic energy in the vicinity of the thermal energy radiation source in addition to the thermal energy supply by the thermal energy irradiation source. This is to achieve efficient gas hydrate thermal decomposition.

  In the above gas recovery method, the pressure of the generated gas is adjusted in the gas recovery path from the gas hydrate in order to realize stable transport of the recovered gas to the ground or the sea. Is preferred.

  Further, in the gas recovery method described above, in order to realize removal of impurities and moisture in the recovered gas, and further changing the state of the gas to a liquid by adding oxygen using a catalyst, It is preferable that the gas recovered from the hydrate can be converted. The gas conversion will be described later in detail.

  In the gas recovery method, it is preferable to filter the gas recovered from the gas hydrate. By performing the filtration, it is possible to remove solid impurities from the recovered gas or to separate the air and water.

Next, a gas recovery device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A first gas recovery device according to an aspect of the present invention is a device that recovers gas from a gas hydrate layer that exists below the ground surface or the bottom of the sea, and includes a main pipe for reaching the gas hydrate layer. In order to generate gas by thermally decomposing the gas hydrate at that position after the main pipe reaches the gas hydrate layer, connected to the energy supply source installed on the ground or on the sea A head portion including means for generating microwave or high frequency for heating as at least one movable thermal energy radiation source, and a gas generated by the thermal energy supplied by the thermal energy radiation source above or on the sea A gas recovery means having a recovery path in the main pipe for recovery, and a control unit for controlling the generation or / and recovery of gas. That is a gas recovery apparatus from the gas hydrate.

  Here, in this gas recovery apparatus, the energy radiation source can supply heat energy with low loss and can efficiently supply heat energy, and can control the radiation direction with a controllable heating micro. A means for generating a wave or a high frequency is preferable.

  The second gas recovery device according to an aspect of the present invention is a device that recovers gas from a gas hydrate layer that exists below the ground surface or the bottom of the sea, and for reaching the gas hydrate layer. And an energy supply source installed on the ground or the sea, and connected to the energy supply source. After the main pipe reaches the gas hydrate layer, the gas hydrate is thermally decomposed at that position to decompose the gas. A head unit including means for generating steam for heating as at least one movable thermal energy radiation source for generating and means for generating microwave or high frequency for heating to further heat the steam; and the heat A recovery path in the main pipe for recovering the gas generated by the thermal energy supplied by the energy radiation source to the ground or the sea A scan collecting means, a gas recovery apparatus from the gas hydrate and a control unit that performs control for gas generating and recovery.

  Here, the gas recovery apparatus preferably includes an ultrasonic wave generation unit connected to the energy supply source and the control unit. The reason is that, in addition to the thermal energy radiation source, by having an ultrasonic wave generating means, the head portion can carry out more efficient thermal decomposition of gas hydrate.

  Further, the gas recovery device preferably has at least one pressure control means for adjusting the recovered gas pressure in the gas recovery path between the ground or the sea and the gas hydrate layer. This is because having the gas recovery means makes it possible to stably transport the recovered gas to the ground or the sea, as well as avoiding dangers such as gas explosions and ensuring safety. is there.

  The gas recovery means preferably has at least one conversion means for converting the recovered gas between the ground or sea and the gas hydrate layer. The reason for this is that by having this conversion means, it is possible to remove impurities and moisture in the recovered gas, and further to change the state of the gas to a liquid by adding oxygen using a catalyst. Because you can.

  Furthermore, this gas recovery means preferably has a filtration means in order to realize removal of solid impurities from the recovered gas or air-water separation.

  In the gas recovery apparatus, the main tube is a multiple tube or a composite tube that limits a plurality of lumens in order to realize more efficient gas recovery, and at least one of the lumens is inserted. Preferably, at least one of the lumens constitutes a recovery path of the recovery means.

  In the gas recovery apparatus, the main pipe can be configured such that the tip of the main pipe has a head portion.

  Below, based on the preferred embodiment shown in an accompanying drawing, the gas recovery method and recovery device from gas hydrate of the present invention are explained in detail.

  Here, the gas recovered by the gas recovery method from the gas hydrate according to the present invention is a gas from a solid hydrate, more specifically, methane gas from methane hydrate in the seabed ground. is there. In the following description, a method for recovering methane gas from methane hydrate will be described, but ethane hydrate and other gas hydrates can also be recovered using the recovery method of the present invention. It is not limited to gas recovery from the rate.

  In the following description, a magnetron is used as the thermal energy radiation source, but a klystron, a gyrotron, and a Gunn diode can be used in the same manner, and is not limited to a magnetron.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a methane gas recovery device (hereinafter simply referred to as “recovery device”) 10 from methane hydrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing details of a methane gas recovery portion from the methane hydrate shown in FIG.

  The recovery device 10 according to the present embodiment includes an offshore structure 12 having an energy supply source 26 that supplies energy such as electric power, a control unit 28, and means necessary for excavation such as a conversion means 30, and the offshore structure 12. A main pipe 14 that penetrates to the methane hydrate layer G, an inner pipe 16 that is located inside the main pipe 14 and penetrates from the offshore structure 12 to the methane hydrate layer G, and a lumen formed by the main pipe 14 and the inner pipe 16 A recovery means 18 having a filtration means 32 on the seabed side and a pressure control means 34 on the sea surface side of the filtration means 32; a fixing means 20 for fixing the main pipe 14 to the seabed; the energy supply source 26 and the control section. 28 and a head portion 24 having a magnetron 36 and an ultrasonic wave generating means 38 connected to each other via a cable 22.

  As described above, the offshore structure 12 includes the energy supply unit 26, the control unit 28, and the conversion unit 30, and further lowers and recovers the conveying unit for the main pipe 14, the inner pipe 16, and the head unit 24. And comprising.

  The energy supply source 26 has a function of supplying energy to the magnetron 36 and the ultrasonic wave generation means 38 in the head portion 24 via the cable 22.

  The control unit 28 controls the movement of the head unit 24 to the optimum gas recovery position, the irradiation direction and irradiation time of the magnetron 36, the generation direction and generation time of the ultrasonic wave generation means 38, and other components of the recovery device 10. Have

The conversion means 30 is means for converting the recovered gas, and the conversion referred to here mainly includes removal of impurities and moisture in the recovered gas, phase conversion of the gas, material conversion by chemical reaction, and the like. . This phase conversion of gas means liquefaction of vaporized gas. Material conversion means, for example, changing methane to ethane, methanol, ethanol or the like, or removing hydrogen from methane.
In addition, it is possible to use the methanol or hydrogen produced here as a fuel cell fuel in the offshore structure 12 or the like, and in this case, an energy supply source that does not pollute the environment. There is an advantage that you can.

  The main pipe 14 penetrates from the offshore structure 12 to the methane hydrate layer G, and is fixed at a predetermined position above the methane hydrate layer G by fixing the fixing means 20 to the sea bottom.

  The fixing means 20 is provided on the main pipe 14 in order to fix the main pipe 14 lowered from the offshore structure 12.

  The inner pipe 16 is disposed inside the main pipe 14 described above, penetrates from the offshore structure 12 to the methane hydrate layer, and connects the energy supply source 26 and the control unit 28 in the offshore structure 12 to the head unit 24. The cable 22 is inserted. Further, a filtering means 32 is provided on the seabed side outside the inner pipe 16, and a pressure control means 34 is provided on the sea surface side from the filtering means 32.

  The collecting means 18 is configured in the lumen of the main pipe 14 and the inner pipe 16, and the filtering means 32 and the pressure control means 34 provided outside the inner pipe 16 are arranged in the collecting means 18 without a gap.

  The filtering means 32 has a function of removing solid impurities from the recovered gas or performing air-water separation.

  The pressure control means 34 is disposed in the recovery means 18 and has a function of controlling the pressure of the rising methane gas and keeping the pressure in the recovery means 18 stable.

  The head unit 24 is connected to the thermal energy supply source 26 and the control unit 28 in the offshore structure 12 via the cable 22, and has a magnetron 36 and ultrasonic generation means 38 inside. In order to realize the directivity of microwave irradiation, it has a waveguide, reflector, antenna and so on. Further, it also has a communication function with the control unit 28, a position detection function, an attitude control function, and the like. The head unit 24 is disposed as a thermal energy radiation source at a position where methane gas can be effectively recovered from the methane hydrate layer G in the excavated cavity.

  Next, the outline | summary of the process of collect | recovering methane gas using the collection | recovery apparatus 10 of this invention comprised in this way is demonstrated.

  First, the main pipe 14 (having a diameter of about 5 m) is lowered from the offshore structure 12 to the bottom of the sea with a depth of several hundred m to about 1000 m, and further to the methane hydrate layer G where methane hydrate exists under the bottom of the sea (approximately 300 m Degree) drilling. This process can be performed by techniques similar to those of oil drilling.

  The main pipe 14 penetrating from the offshore structure 12 to the methane hydrate layer as described above is stably installed by fixing the fixing means 20 mounted on the main pipe 14 on the sea bottom.

  At least one inner pipe 16 (about 3 m in diameter) is lowered from the offshore structure 12 to the methane hydrate layer G inside the main pipe 14 fixed as described above. The recovery means 18 is configured in the lumen of the inner pipe 16 and the main pipe 14, and the filtering means 32 and the pressure control means 34 attached to the inner pipe 16 are placed at predetermined positions in the recovery means 18. Deploy. The filtering means 32 is disposed on the seabed side, and the pressure control means 34 is disposed on the sea surface side from the filtering means 32.

  After the recovery means 18 is configured, the head part transfer means (not shown) is lowered from the offshore structure 12 to the excavated cavity portion of the methane hydrate layer G to the energy supply source 26 and the control part 28. A head unit 24 having a magnetron 36 and an ultrasonic wave generation means 38 connected via a cable 22 is disposed.

  Here, as the magnetron 36 disposed in the head unit 20, for example, a magnetron having an oscillation frequency of 2450 MHz can be suitably used.

  FIG. 2 is a graph showing a stable region (solid region) of the methane hydrate layer G. The lower region of the diagram M in the graph shown in FIG. 2 shows the stable region (solid region) of the methane hydrate layer G. Considering the case where the depth is −1000 m, when excavating at the point A in FIG. 2, the point A is about 13 ° C., so that the gasification region of the curve M is increased by about 5 ° C. I understand that it should be. Thus, the output of the magnetron 36 is adjusted according to the excavation depth according to the state diagram of FIG. That is, the supply of energy to the magnetron 36 may be adjusted.

  After the head unit 24 is arranged, the heating microwave is irradiated toward the methane hydrate layer G from the magnetron by remote control from the control unit 36 of the offshore structure 12. The methane hydrate that has been subjected to the heating microwave is thermally decomposed and separated into water and methane gas. Since the separated and gasified methane gas flows in a lower pressure direction, it rises upward in the recovery pipe 12 where the pressure is released and is recovered in the offshore structure 12. The pressure in the gas recovery means 18 at this time is preferably kept stable by the pressure control means 34 provided in a plurality of stages.

  The magnetron has a directionality by a known method such as using an antenna or a reflector so as to always irradiate only the methane hydrate layer G in order to avoid irradiating microwaves other than methane hydrate. Is controlled. Furthermore, the operation of the magnetron is controlled so that microwave irradiation to the methane hydrate can be efficiently performed with a minimum amount of irradiation.

  Furthermore, by supplying ultrasonic energy simultaneously with the supply of thermal energy by the magnetron described above, it is possible to effectively promote reactions such as decomposition of methane hydrate.

  As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, the function and apparatus which the offshore structure 12 has are not limited only to the sea, You may install on the ground.

  Further, the energy radiation source is not limited to the means for generating a heating microwave, and means for generating a high frequency may be used.

  Further, a plurality of inner pipes 16 may be provided in the main pipe 14 and may take the form of forming a composite pipe with the main pipe 14. At this time, if at least one lumen is used to allow the head portion 20 and its connection cable 22 to be inserted, and the remaining at least one lumen is used as the collecting means 18, the remaining lumens are a plurality of lumens. You may use for insertion of the cable 22 connected to the head part 24, and you may use as the some collection | recovery means 18. FIG.

  The conversion means 30 is not limited to being installed in the offshore structure 12, but may be installed on the sea surface side from the pressure control means 34 of the recovery pipe 14, or may be installed on the ground. In addition, when installing in the recovery pipe | tube 14, since the pressure concerning each means will become large and it will become difficult to install and maintain when it is set too deep, it is preferable to install in a position close to the sea level to some extent. Moreover, you may install on the ground.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, when the methane hydrate process near the arranged head portion 24 progresses and the vicinity of the head portion 24 is hollowed out, the head portion 24 is used for efficient irradiation. May be sequentially moved to the vicinity of the methane hydrate presence position by an operation from the control unit 28 as shown by a broken line (arrow). It should be noted that effective methane gas recovery can be carried out by repeating such a rotation operation and a straight-ahead operation in combination.

  In the above embodiment, an example in which excavation is performed perpendicularly from the sea to the bottom surface of the seabed has been shown. Excavation may be performed to reach the layer G. In any case, it can be carried out using a known excavation method.

  In addition, a known method such as filling carbon dioxide hydrate generated by reacting the fed carbon dioxide and underground water into the cavity formed after changing methane hydrate to methane gas is used. Therefore, it is preferable to embed a safe and easy to handle.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a magnetron as a thermal energy radiation source is arranged in the gas hydrate layer G reached by excavation perpendicular to the formation surface is shown as a basic configuration, but the present invention is not limited to this. However, various modes as described below can be implemented. The method for recovering methane gas from methane hydrate is the same as that shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration of an embodiment different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 of the recovery apparatus according to the present invention. In the embodiment described above, a single head unit 24 is used, but in this embodiment, a composite head in which a plurality of head units 24 are connected in a daisy chain together with an output control unit and a reflector for controlling the head unit 24. 42 is applied.
In addition, since this collection | recovery apparatus 40 has the structure fundamentally similar to embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the same number is attached | subjected to the same member.

In order to arrange this in the methane hydrate layer G, excavation is performed with the composite head 42 placed in the main pipe 14, and after reaching a predetermined position, only the main pipe 14 is retracted to form a well, The composite head 42 may be disposed in the methane hydrate layer G. In order to protect the composite head 42, the composite head 42 is preferably covered with a protector (not shown) that does not prevent the generation of microwaves and ultrasonic waves.
In addition, it is also preferable that the heads of the composite head 42 communicate with each other using ultrasonic waves, microwaves, or the like, and be controlled to operate in a coordinated manner.

  Further, FIG. 5 shows a schematic configuration of an embodiment different from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 of the recovery apparatus according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, in the methane hydrate layer G, a plurality of composite heads 42 similar to the above are arranged at an effective distance for the two composite heads 42 to oscillate and receive electromagnetic waves for communication with each other. It is arranged with a gap. With such an arrangement, it becomes possible to more effectively and easily control the irradiation of electromagnetic waves to the methane hydrate layer G, and methane gas can be efficiently recovered.

In addition, since this collection | recovery apparatus 50 has the structure similar to embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the same number is attached | subjected to the same member.
Even when the collection device of the present embodiment is arranged on the seabed, as described above, after excavating and arranging the collection device together with the main pipe 14, only the main pipe 14 is retracted until the collection device 10 is exposed. This method can be used.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic configuration of an embodiment different from the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5 of the recovery apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 6 includes a tubular body head portion 62 having the same diameter as the main tube 14. This tubular body head portion 62 has the same function as the head portion 24 of FIG. 1 including the magnetron 36 and the ultrasonic wave generation means 38 in the peripheral portion of the tubular body, and is connected to the gas recovery means 18 inside to supply gas. A gas recovery unit 56 for recovery is provided. This embodiment can be used both when excavating perpendicularly to the seabed and when excavating laterally along the methane hydrate layer G.
In addition, since this collection | recovery apparatus 60 has the structure similar to embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the same number is attached | subjected to the same member.

Needless to say, the promotion of the methane hydrate decomposition reaction using ultrasonic waves is also effective in these embodiments.
In addition, for example, shock waves are used to shock (vibrate) the methane hydrate layer around the excavation site and cause cracks in the methane hydrate layer, thereby facilitating heat transfer and thermal decomposition of methane hydrate. Can also be promoted.

The first gas recovery device and the recovery method according to one aspect of the present invention have been described above.
Next, a second gas recovery device and a recovery method according to an aspect of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a methane gas recovery device (hereinafter simply referred to as “recovery device”) 70 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The recovery apparatus 70 according to the present embodiment replaces the means for generating the heating microwave, which is the thermal energy radiation source of the head unit 24 of the recovery apparatus 10 described above, with a means for generating heating water vapor and the water vapor. It has a head part including a heating microwave or means for generating a high frequency for heating, and using this head part, heat energy is supplied to the methane hydrate of the methane hydrate layer G to decompose it (methane hydrate). Gasification), and recovers the generated methane gas.
Since the recovery device 70 has basically the same structure as the recovery device 10 shown in FIG. 1, the same members are assigned the same numbers.

The head unit 25 of the recovery device 70 of the present embodiment includes a steam generator 46 that further generates heating steam on the head unit 24 described above. Further, the head unit 25 is connected to a supply pipe 23 that supplies water used for generating steam for heating from the offshore facility 12. A pump (not shown) for supplying water to the steam generator 46 via the supply pipe 23 is provided in the offshore facility 12, for example.
Moreover, in the collection | recovery apparatus 70 of this embodiment, the composite head 43 is formed by connecting the several head part 25 mentioned above in the shape of a daisy chain.

  The head unit 25 generates superheated water vapor by heating the water supplied from the offshore facility 12 through the supply pipe 23 with the steam generator 46 and further heating the water vapor with the heating microwave generated by the magnetron 36. The superheated steam can be injected (injected) into the methane hydrate layer G to thermally decompose the methane hydrate to generate methane gas. Moreover, the head part 25 is equipped with the ultrasonic wave generation means 38 like other embodiment, and can accelerate | stimulate reactions, such as decomposition | disassembly of methane hydrate, by supplying ultrasonic energy simultaneously with supply of thermal energy. .

  The present embodiment is not limited to the arrangement of the head unit 25 and the composite head 43 described above, and a plurality of sets of composite heads 43 may be arranged similarly to the embodiment shown in FIG. Further, even if the head portion 25 is used alone, methane hydrate gasification and methane gas recovery from methane hydrate can be performed as in the above-described embodiment shown in FIGS.

  The head unit 25 includes posture control means, and can control the radiation direction of the superheated steam described above by controlling the posture in the methane hydrate layer G. In addition, the recovery device 70 can control the amount of superheated steam injection to an optimal value by controlling the amount of water supplied from the supply pipe 23 and the operation of the steam generator 46.

Furthermore, in FIG. 8, schematic structure of another one Embodiment of the collection | recovery apparatus based on this invention is shown. FIG. 8 includes a tubular body head portion 63 having substantially the same diameter as the main tube 14. The tubular body head portion 63 includes a magnetron 36, an ultrasonic wave generation means 38, and a steam generator 46 around the tubular body, and has the same function as the head portion 25 of the above-described embodiment shown in FIG. Further, the tubular body head portion 63 includes a gas recovery portion 56 that is connected to the gas recovery means 18 and recovers gas. This embodiment can be used both when excavating perpendicularly to the seabed and when excavating laterally along the methane hydrate layer G.
Moreover, since this collection | recovery apparatus 80 has the structure fundamentally similar to embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the same number is attached | subjected to the same member.

7 and 8, the above-described embodiment includes a steam generator, which is a steam generating means for heating, and a heating microwave generating means, such as a magnetron, for further heating the steam to generate superheated steam or a high frequency. Generating means and supplying thermal energy to the methane hydrate using the generated superheated steam.
Therefore, the above-described embodiment is a gasification of methane hydrate with a very low energy loss compared to the conventional embodiment in which hot water or water vapor prepared on the ground or offshore facilities is transported to the methane hydrate layer. It can be performed.
Moreover, in embodiment using conventional hot water etc., in order to supply sufficient energy, a lot of hot water is required, and it also takes big cost to collect | recover the water used for it. On the other hand, in the above-described embodiment according to the present invention, it is not necessary to use a large amount of water in order to use high-temperature superheated steam, that is, it is not necessary to collect a large amount of water, and environmental protection is also possible from an economic viewpoint. From this point of view, it can be said that it is very effective.

  As mentioned above, although the methane gas recovery method and apparatus from the methane hydrate layer of the present invention has been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course you can go.

  For example, the gasification method used in carrying out the method for recovering methane gas from the methane hydrate layer according to the above embodiment can be suitably used for regasification of methane hydrate on the ground or at sea. Not too long.

  Specifically, for example, methane hydrate prepared as described below can be favorably regasified by a regasification method as described below.

(Production of methane hydrate)
In this example, methane hydrate was produced by utilizing the generation of methane hydrate under the conditions of 0 ° C. and about 3 atm or more.
First, raw water and methane hydrate were stored in a reaction vessel. This reaction vessel is equipped with a stirring means for sufficiently mixing water and methane gas at the time of producing methane hydrate to promote a methane hydrate production reaction. The reaction vessel is connected to gas supply means for supplying methane gas as a raw material. This gas supply means is provided with a pressure control means, and can maintain, for example, the pressure inside the reaction vessel at a predetermined pressure (about 3 atmospheres or more).

Next, while the reaction vessel was cooled to 0 ° C., water and methane gas stored in the reaction vessel were continuously stirred. At this time, the gas supply means supplied methane gas so that the pressure in the reaction vessel was maintained at a predetermined pressure of about 3 atm or more.
The methane gas in the water is sufficiently saturated and the inside of the reaction vessel is sufficiently cooled, that is, methane hydrate is generated by reaching the methane hydrate generation conditions, and the generated methane hydrate floats on the water surface. It was. At this time, the gas supply means continuously supplied methane gas, whereby the pressure inside the reaction vessel was maintained at a predetermined pressure, and methane hydrate was continuously generated.

  After producing a predetermined amount of methane hydrate, the supply of methane gas was stopped to stop the methane hydrate formation reaction. Then, the reaction vessel was opened, methane hydrate was taken out, transferred to a storage vessel, and stored in a state cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature.

  The theoretical value of methane gas content in methane hydrate is known to be about 176 liters (standard state) per liter of water, but the methane gas content in methane hydrate produced by the above method is About 150 liters per liter of water (standard state). In the above-described production method, since dehydration is not performed in the production process of methane hydrate, an ice film is formed in the produced hydrate due to the effects of self-preservation effect and pressure release, resulting in a theoretical value of 9 A methane hydrate with about 20% inclusion was produced.

(Regasification of methane hydrate: 1)
A part of the methane hydrate produced by the above-mentioned method is transferred to a pressure vessel equipped with a pressure valve, and the above-mentioned methane hydrate is irradiated with a heating microwave having a frequency of 2450 MHz generated from the magnetron described above. Gasification was performed. The methane hydrate was decomposed under heating conditions controlled in this way, and generated water and water vapor were separated to obtain methane gas. The gasification rate here was approximately 100%.
In addition, although it demonstrated that regasification of methane hydrate was performed using the microwave for heating, the same result can be obtained even if it carries out by the high frequency heating by a high frequency electromagnetic wave.

(Regasification of methane hydrate: 2)
In addition, the methane hydrate produced by the above-described method was controlled using superheated steam (about 160 to 180 ° C.) in which steam generated by a steam generator was further heated using a microwave or high frequency for heating. It decomposes under heating conditions and separates the generated water and water vapor to obtain methane gas. The gasification rate in this experiment was approximately 100%.

It is a schematic block diagram of the recovery apparatus of the gas from the methane hydrate which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the stable area | region of a methane hydrate layer. It is a schematic diagram which shows operation | movement of the gas collection | recovery apparatus shown in FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of embodiment different from the form shown in FIG. 1 of the collection | recovery apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of embodiment different from the form shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 of the collection | recovery apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of embodiment different from the form shown in FIG.1, FIG.3 and FIG.4 of the collection | recovery apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the recovery apparatus of the gas from the methane hydrate which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of embodiment different from the form shown in FIG. 7 of the collection | recovery apparatus which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

10, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 Gas recovery device 12 Marine structure 14 Main pipe 16 Inner pipe 18 Recovery means 20 Fixing means 22 Cable 23 Supply pipe 24, 25 Head part 26 Energy supply part 28 Control means 30 Conversion means 32 Filtration means 34 Pressure control means 36 Magnetron 38 Ultrasonic wave generation means 42, 43 Composite head 46 Steam generator 56 Gas recovery part 62, 63 Tubular head part G Methane hydrate layer

Claims (15)

A gas recovery method from a gas hydrate existing under the ground surface or under the sea bottom,
Heat energy is supplied to the gas hydrate from a means for generating heating water vapor and a means for generating a heating microwave for further heating the water vapor as a heat energy radiation source disposed near the position where the gas hydrate is present. And
The gas hydrate is decomposed by the supplied thermal energy to generate gas,
Collect the generated gas through the recovery path.
A method for recovering a gas from a gas hydrate. The method for recovering gas from a gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein ultrasonic energy is supplied in addition to thermal energy supply by the thermal energy radiation source in the vicinity of the thermal energy radiation source. The method for recovering a gas from a gas hydrate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a pressure of the generated gas is adjusted in a gas recovery path from the gas hydrate. The gas recovery method from the gas hydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the gas recovered from the gas hydrate is converted. The gas recovery method from the gas hydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas recovered from the gas hydrate is filtered. The gas recovery method from a gas hydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the gas hydrate is methane hydrate and the gas is methane gas . An apparatus for recovering gas from a gas hydrate layer that exists under the ground surface or the bottom of the sea,
A main pipe for reaching the gas hydrate layer;
An energy source installed on the ground or at sea;
As at least one movable thermal energy radiation source connected to the energy supply source and generating gas by thermally decomposing the gas hydrate at that position after the main pipe reaches the gas hydrate layer A head part including means for generating steam for heating and means for generating microwaves for heating to further heat the steam;
  A gas recovery means having a recovery path in the main pipe for recovering the generated gas to the ground or the sea;
A control unit that performs control for gas generation and recovery;
An apparatus for recovering gas from gas hydrate, comprising: The gas recovery device from a gas hydrate according to claim 7, wherein the head unit further includes ultrasonic generation means connected to the energy supply source and the control unit. The said gas collection | recovery means has at least 1 pressure control means for adjusting the collection | recovery gas pressure in the said gas collection path between the above-ground or the sea and the said gas hydrate layer. Gas recovery equipment from gas hydrates. 10. The gas hydrate from the gas hydrate according to claim 7, wherein the gas recovery means has at least one conversion means for converting the recovered gas between the ground or the sea and the gas hydrate layer. Gas recovery device. The gas recovery device from a gas hydrate according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the gas recovery means includes at least one gas filtration means for filtering the recovered gas. The main tube is a multiple tube or a composite tube that defines a plurality of lumens,
The gas hydrate according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein at least one of the lumens is configured to be able to be inserted through the head portion, and at least one of the lumens configures a recovery path of the recovery means. Gas recovery device from. The gas recovery apparatus from a gas hydrate according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the head portion is provided at a tip of the main pipe. The gas recovery device from a gas hydrate according to any one of claims 7 to 13, wherein the gas hydrate is methane hydrate and the gas is methane gas. A gas hydrate regasification method comprising:
  Supplying heat energy to the gas hydrate from a means for generating steam for heating as a heat energy radiation source and a means for generating a heating microwave for further heating the steam to the gas hydrate;
A method for regasifying a gas hydrate, wherein the gas hydrate is decomposed by supplied thermal energy to generate gas.

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