JP4883705B2 - Mobile offshore wind power generation facility - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a mobile offshore wind power generation facility that can efficiently generate power in response to weather and sea conditions by a windmill provided on a movable floating body on the ocean.

In general, a structure has been developed in which a floating body is restrained by a pillar or the like standing on the seabed, and power generation can be performed by a wind power generation facility installed on the floating body.
Further, it is also known in the past that a ship is moored on the sea floor by mooring means so that power can be generated by a wind power generation facility equipped on the ship.
JP 2004-036517 A JP 2002-303454 A

By the way, wind power and wind direction are constantly changing due to weather and sea conditions at sea, and wind power generation at a fixed position does not always provide a sufficient power generation effect. Also, there are cases where floating bodies cannot be restrained in deep waters.
Therefore, the present invention allows an oceanic floating body equipped with a windmill with a generator to move freely without mooring, and while moving to a sea area where wind power can be sufficiently utilized based on meteorological sea state prediction information, A mobile offshore wind power generation facility that is capable of providing sufficient wind power generation by making it possible to obtain sufficient wind power generation by selecting wind energy with a generator to maximize the wind power of the above floating body as well as enabling wind power generation well It is an issue to provide.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the mobile offshore wind power generation facility of the present invention is a floating body floated along the ocean in a slender shape, and is erected so as to form a line along the longitudinal direction of the floating body. A large number of wind turbines with generators and an energy storage facility for storing electrical energy obtained by the wind turbines, and propulsion means and steering means for self-navigation of the floating body, A control system is provided for controlling the propulsion means and the steering means on the basis of meteorological sea state prediction information in order to steer the floating body so that the wind turbine can face the wind power by guiding to the sea area where wind power is obtained. The control system selects a course that is 90 degrees or -90 degrees with respect to the wind direction with respect to the course of the floating body, and the path of the floating body is planned in advance based on weather sea state prediction information. Calculate all combinations of floating courses that are 90 degrees or -90 degrees with respect to the wind direction for a number of transition judgment time zones, and the obtained energy of the floating body equipped with the wind turbine with the generator is the largest among the combinations. The calculation route is selected, and control is performed so that the course along the calculation route is taken until the next weather and sea state prediction information is obtained.

  Further, in the mobile offshore wind power generation facility of the present invention, the floating body can control the rotation of the propulsion system with a propeller around the vertical axis below the water surface at both ends of the floating body as the propulsion means and the steering means. It is characterized by being prepared for.

  Furthermore, in the mobile offshore wind power generation facility according to the present invention, the floating body includes thrusters capable of ejecting a water flow in the longitudinal direction of the floating body at both ends of the floating body as the propulsion unit. The present invention is characterized in that side thrusters capable of ejecting a water flow in the width direction of the floating body are provided at both ends of the floating body.

  In the mobile offshore wind power generation facility according to the present invention, the floating body is erected on the both ends of the floating body as the propulsion means and the steering means so that the sail can be controlled to rotate around the vertical axis. It is characterized by being.

  In the above-described mobile offshore wind power generation facility according to the present invention, the control system is based on the meteorological sea state prediction information, and the floating courses in which a large number of wind turbines with generators are arranged in the horizontal direction are each 90 Therefore, the windmill can continuously generate power efficiently by the wind direction along its axial direction. Based on the sea state prediction information, all combinations of floating courses that are 90 degrees or -90 degrees with respect to the wind direction are calculated for a plurality of planned transition time zones, and the wind turbine with the generator is selected from the combinations. Since the calculation route that maximizes the acquired energy is selected and control is performed so that the course along the above calculation route is taken until the next meteorological and sea state prediction information is obtained, the overall efficiency is significantly improved. Electricity is stored in the energy storage facility in the form of hydrogen storage as an organic hydrite by electrolysis of seawater. To come to be.

  Further, the floating body includes propelling means with propellers such as pod propellers below the water surface at both ends of the floating body as the propelling means and steering means, respectively, and the propulsion means can be controlled to rotate around the vertical axis. When equipped, it is possible to ensure straight running performance of the elongated floating body and to improve the steering performance by the mutually opposite steering angles of the propeller-equipped propulsion means at both ends of the floating body.

  And as a power source of the propelling means with propeller, power from a generator driven by a diesel engine is used, but it is also possible to use power from a windmill with a generator.

  Further, the floating body is provided with thrusters capable of ejecting a water flow toward the longitudinal direction of the floating body at both ends of the floating body as the propulsion means, and at both ends of the floating body as the steering means. Even when a side thruster capable of ejecting a water flow in the width direction of the floating body, that is, to one side or the other side of the floating body is used, the electric power obtained by the wind turbine with the generator is used to Can be promoted and steered efficiently.

  In addition, when the above floating body is provided with sails on both ends of the floating body as propulsion means and steering means for the floating body, a propulsive force can be obtained by operating each sail according to the wind direction. In addition, it is possible to obtain a steering effect for the elongated floating body.

  FIG. 1 is a side view showing a mobile offshore wind power generation facility as an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the mobile offshore wind power generation facility of FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 3B is a side view showing another modification example of both end portions of the mobile offshore wind power generation facility, and FIG. It is a top view which shows the image of the combination of the movement path | route of an offshore wind power generation equipment.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the floating body 1 floated along the ocean, a large number of wind turbines 2 with generators 2 a are erected via support columns 3 so as to form a line along the longitudinal direction of the floating body 1. The wind turbines 2 are all directed in the same direction and in the lateral direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the floating body 1.

  And the energy storage equipment 4 for storing the electrical energy obtained by the windmill 2 with each generator 2a is provided in the floating body 1, As this equipment 4, in addition to a storage battery, the organic hydride by electrolysis of seawater A hydrogen storage facility as a light can be used.

  The floating body 1 is preferably an elongated shape having a length of about 2000 m and a width of about 70 m and symmetrical with respect to the front and back, and a large number of generators 2 a mounted on the floating body 1 in a row in the longitudinal direction of the floating body 1. When the attached windmill 2 receives the wind force from the lateral direction of the floating body 1 all at once, the power generation operation is efficiently performed.

  In this embodiment, the pod propeller that serves as the propulsion means and the steering means provided below the surface of the water at the both ends and the middle of the floating body 1 is used for the movement (propulsion) of the floating body 1 and the change of the moving direction (steering). 1 and 2, sails 6 erected on both ends of the floating body 1 so as to be rotatable around a vertical axis as propulsion means and steering means can also be used.

Then, the above steering is performed by a passenger or as a wireless control from a land base.
The pod propeller 5 has a configuration in which a propeller 5b at the end of the pod 5a is rotationally driven by a motor (not shown) in the pod 5a, and a configuration in which the pod 5a can be rotationally controlled by another motor around a vertical axis. As the electric power for each of the motors, the electric power obtained by the generator 2a can be used. However, a power generator dedicated to each motor may be provided in the floating body 1.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), as propulsion means of the floating body 1, instead of the pod propeller 5 described above, in the both ends of the floating body 1, in the longitudinal direction of the floating body 1, that is, in front of the floating body 1 Thrusters 7 and 7 that can selectively eject water flow to the rear may be provided. In this case, the impeller 7b in the duct 7a at both ends along the longitudinal direction (front-rear direction) of the floating body 1 It is configured to be rotationally driven so as to be able to rotate forward and backward by an internal motor or a driving device 7M as an engine.

  As a steering means for the floating body 1, side thrusters 8 that can selectively eject a water flow in the lateral direction of the floating body 1 at both ends of the floating body 1, that is, to the left or right of the floating body 1 are provided. . In this case, the impeller 8b is rotationally driven by a driving device (not shown) so as to be able to rotate forward and backward in a duct 8a having openings at both ends provided in the floating body 1 so that a water flow can be ejected in the lateral direction of the floating body 1 below the water surface. It is set as the structure.

  As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the thruster 7 sucks up outside water through a duct 7 having an opening 7 c at the bottom of the floating body 1, and the longitudinal direction of the floating body 1 from the opening 7 d at the end of the floating body 1. Jet water may be ejected in the direction. A guide plate 7e that can be protruded and retracted obliquely is provided in the opening 7c at the bottom so that the propulsion direction can be efficiently changed by forward and reverse rotation of the impeller 7b in the duct 7.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, a control system for maneuvering the floating body 1 based on weather sea condition prediction information is as follows so that the floating body 1 is guided to the sea area where wind power can be obtained and the windmill 2 can face the wind power. Is provided and operated.
(A) Meteorological and sea state prediction information receiving equipment: It has equipment for receiving meteorological and sea state prediction information on a floating body and / or on land.
(B) Computer: A computer that searches for an optimum route that maximizes the acquired energy is provided on the floating body 1 or on a land base. And when this computer is provided on the floating body 1, it has the equipment which receives meteorological sea state forecast information on the floating body 1 and takes it into the computer. In addition, when this computer is provided at a land base, the floating body 1 has equipment for receiving an optimum route.
(C) Control system operation procedure (1) About the course: The wind turbine has the maximum amount of wind energy acquired when it is wind from the side of the floating body (front to the wind turbine). Select a course that will be 90 degrees or -90 degrees. The floating body shape is symmetrical in the longitudinal direction, so the amount of wind energy acquired is the same at 90 ° and -90 °.
(2) Route: Using the meteorological and sea state prediction information received on the floating body or on the land, the floating course that is 90 degrees or -90 degrees with respect to the wind direction with respect to the mp change judgment time zone planned in advance. Calculate “all combinations” 2 ^mp , select the route that maximizes the acquired energy, and proceed along that route until the next meteorological and oceanographic forecast information is obtained. The position of the floating body, changeover time, acquired energy, etc. in each section are estimated according to the weather conditions.
The acquired energy is the wind energy acquired by the windmill minus the energy used in the electric propulsion system.
Further, the above-mentioned “all combinations” means that when predicted values of N hours ahead of the meteorological sea state are obtained discretely (for example, p = 6 hour intervals), the time interval (where N hours are arbitrary time zones) For example, it is divided into 6-hour intervals until the predicted value 24 hours ahead, and thereafter 12-hour intervals), and the total mp course determination (whether 90 degrees or -90 degrees with respect to the wind direction) is performed at the time intervals. At this time, all combinations of course judgment become 2 ^mp . As a result, it is possible to express the case of staying near the current position or stormy weather avoidance. In FIG. 4, t represents time.
(3) By devising the algorithm, the amount of calculation can be reduced to about half. That is. Since the route search calculates all 2 ^mp ways, it is necessary to use an algorithm that reduces the calculation load as much as possible in the actual calculation. First, the route is expressed in binary to simplify the prospect of the algorithm.
・ If the course judgment (straight or reverse) is performed mp times, there are 2 ^mp combinations.
・ If the combination number of the course is n and the direction identifier ia (n, m) (0: straight ahead, 1: inversion), the navigation route can be expressed by a binary number of mp digits. That is, the m-th change is represented by the value of the binary m-th direction identifier ia (n, m), and the value obtained by converting the binary representation into the decimal representation is n ′ = n−1. It becomes.
Next, the amount of calculation is halved by devising as follows.
-When the combination number n is increased by 1 in ascending order, there is a common part with the previous course judgment, and it is only necessary to calculate from the L (n) course judgment.
The calculation start position L (n) is obtained by the following procedure (J1) to (J5). Since this does not involve conditional judgment, calculation efficiency is high, and L (n) can be obtained in advance.
(J1) m = m + 1. However, m is an integer and is in a range from 1 to mp.
(J2) k = k + 1. However, k is an integer and ranges from 1 to 2 ^mp-m .
(J3) From the regularity of the calculation start position L (n) with respect to the binary digit position m, n ′ is obtained from equation (1) using k as a parameter. However, n ′ = n−1.
n ′ = 2 ^m−1 (2k−1) (1)
(J4) The calculation start position L (n) is obtained from equation (2) using n and m at this time, and is stored. However, L (n = 1) = mp.
L (n) = m (2)
(J5) If m <mp and k <2 ^mp-m , return to (J2).
If m <mp and k = 2 ^mp-m , return to (J1).
If m = mp, the process ends.
By using the characteristics of floating bodies and wind turbines, the number of all combinations is 2 ^mp, and the amount of calculation is reduced to about half by using the regularity of the combination, so the maximum value can be searched in a finite time. become.
(4) Repetition: Once the meteorological and oceanographic forecast information is obtained, the route that maximizes the acquired energy is selected again from all the combinations, and it will proceed along that route until the next meteorological and oceanographic forecast information is obtained. Such an operation is repeated.
(5) The operational procedure of the floating body that maximizes the acquired energy is required by the above procedure, and the operation that maximizes the facility utilization rate is possible.
In each procedure, a path with the maximum acquired energy in N hours is obtained, which is different from the path with the maximum acquired energy in p hours. In other words, it is not always the case that the route with the maximum acquired energy is selected with respect to the wind that is currently blowing. If you proceed to 90 degrees as it is, the most recently acquired energy is more, but if you change the course and proceed to -90 degrees, the total acquired energy may be more. The utilization efficiency of this equipment is expressed as follows.
Facility usage rate = Acquired electric energy / (Operating time x Acquired electric power) x 100 (%)

In addition, as a constraint condition of operation of this equipment, there are restrictions such as restrictions on the moving sea area and not operating a windmill (feathering feathers) in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of other countries. In addition, it is possible to give a penalty value (large negative value) to the acquired energy at the boundary with the land, so that it does not move there.
Generally, the annual facility utilization rate by onshore wind power generation is about 20-25%, but the offshore wind power generation by this facility is estimated to be 40% annually.

  In the mobile offshore wind power generation facility of the above-described embodiment, the control system is based on meteorological sea state prediction information about the course of the floating body 1 in which the wind turbines 2 with a large number of generators 2a are arranged in the horizontal direction. Since the wind direction is selected to be 90 degrees or −90 degrees with respect to the wind direction, the wind turbine 2 can continuously generate power efficiently by the wind direction along the axial direction, and the path of the floating body 1 is controlled as described above. The system calculates all combinations of floating courses that are 90 degrees or -90 degrees with respect to the wind direction for a plurality of planned transition time zones based on meteorological and sea state prediction information, and generates the power generation from the combinations. Since the calculation route that maximizes the energy acquired by the windmill 2 with the machine 2a is selected and control is performed so as to take the course along the calculation route until the next meteorological sea state prediction information is obtained. As a result, the storage of electrical energy is stored in the energy storage facility as a power storage facility, or the storage of hydrogen as an organic hydride by seawater electrolysis. It will be stored in the equipment.

  Further, the floating body 1 is provided with propulsion means 5 with a propeller such as a pod propeller below the water surface at both ends of the floating body 1 as the above-described propulsion means and steering means, and the propulsion means 5 rotates around a vertical axis. Since it is equipped so as to be controllable, the straight floating performance of the elongated floating body 1 can be secured, or the steering performance can be improved by the mutually opposite steering angles of the propelling means 5 with propellers at both ends of the floating body. It becomes possible.

  And as a motive power source of the propulsion means 5 with a propeller, the electric power from the generator driven by the diesel engine is used, but the electric power from the windmill 2 with the generator 2a can also be used.

  Furthermore, the floating body 1 is provided with thrusters 7 that can eject water flows toward the longitudinal direction of the floating body 1 at both ends of the floating body 1 as the propulsion means, and both ends of the floating body 1 as the steering means. The power obtained by the windmill 2 with the generator 2a is also provided when the side thruster 8 capable of ejecting a water flow in the width direction of the floating body 1, that is, one side or the other side of the floating body 1 is provided in the part. The floating body 1 can be promoted and steered efficiently using the above.

  In addition, since the floating body 1 has the sails 6 standing on both ends of the floating body 1 as propulsion means and steering means for the floating body 1, propulsion can be performed by operating each sail 6 according to the wind direction. It becomes possible to obtain a force or to obtain a steering effect for the elongated floating body 1.

1 is a side view showing a mobile offshore wind power generation facility as one embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the mobile offshore wind power generation facility of FIG. (A) A figure is a side view which shows the both ends of the mobile offshore wind power generation equipment as another example corresponding to FIG. 1, (b) A figure is a mobile offshore as another example corresponding to FIG. It is a side view which shows the both ends of a wind power generation facility. It is explanatory drawing which shows the movement path | route on the sea of the said equipment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Floating body 2 Windmill 2a Generator 3 Prop 4 Energy storage equipment 5 Pod propeller 5a Pod 5b Propeller 6 Sail 7 Thruster 7a Duct 7b Impeller 7c, 7d Opening 7e Guide plate 7M Driving device 8 Side thruster 8a Duct 8b Impeller

Claims (4)

  A large number of wind turbines with generators standing in a row along the longitudinal direction of the floating bodies along the ocean, and the electric energy obtained by the wind turbines. And an energy storage facility for storing the floating body, and further comprising propulsion means and steering means for self-navigation of the floating body, and the floating body is guided to the sea area where wind power can be obtained so that the windmill can face the wind power. Is provided with a control system for controlling the propulsion means and the steering means on the basis of weather sea state prediction information, and the control system is 90 degrees or −90 with respect to the wind direction with respect to the course of the floating body. The course of the floating body is selected to be 90 degrees or -90 degrees with respect to the wind direction for a plurality of transition judgment time zones planned in advance based on the weather and sea state prediction information. All the combinations of floating body courses are calculated, and the calculation route that maximizes the acquisition energy of the floating body with the wind turbine with the generator is selected from the combinations, and the next meteorological and sea state prediction information is obtained. The mobile offshore wind power generation facility is characterized in that control is performed so as to follow the course along the calculation route.   The said floating body is equipped with the propulsion system with a propeller under the water surface of the both ends of the said floating body respectively as said propulsion means and steering means so that rotation control is possible around a vertical axis line, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. Mobile offshore wind power generation equipment described in 1.   The floating body includes thrusters capable of ejecting a water flow in the longitudinal direction of the floating body at both ends of the floating body as the propulsion means, and the water flow in the width direction of the floating body as the steering means. The mobile offshore wind power generation facility according to claim 1, further comprising a side thruster that can be ejected.   The floating body is erected on both ends of the floating body as the propulsion means and the steering means so that the sail can be controlled to rotate around a vertical axis, respectively. The mobile offshore wind power generation facility according to any one of the above.

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