JP4871622B2 - Method and system for surveying structures - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a surveying method and surveying system for a structure such as a tunnel.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of a method for surveying the position of a point on the inner wall surface of a conventional tunnel.

  After the tunnel excavation, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the measurement of the dimensional error between the designed wall surface 20 planned in the construction of the tunnel 60 and the actual wall surface 30 which is the inner wall surface of the tunnel after the actual excavation is performed. In addition, after excavation, surveying is performed to set a position for installing a survey point for dimensions, an anchor bolt, or a wall boring on the actual wall surface 30.

In such surveying, as shown in FIG. 7A, first, the surveying instrument 10 is installed at an appropriate position in the space of the tunnel 60, the tunnel cross section 50 to be surveyed, and the tunnel crossing For example, the position of the intersection O with the tunnel base axis 40, which is a reference axis orthogonal to the surface 50, is measured. Next, as shown in FIG. 7B, the surveying instrument 10 is moved to the reference point O using the intersection point O as a reference point for performing a new survey, and the measurement on the tunnel cross section 50 is performed from the reference point O. The point A ₀ on the design wall 20 located in the desired direction α is collimated, and the position of the point M that is the intersection of the half-line r extending from the reference point O through the point A ₀ and the actual wall 30 is measured. Thus, the coordinates of the point M to be surveyed on the actual wall surface 30 are obtained.

Conventionally, the measurement of the position of the point on the inner peripheral wall surface of the tunnel cross section is generated from a light wave range finder arranged on the tunnel cross section, as described in Patent Document 1, for example. The laser beam is irradiated to the inner wall surface of the tunnel sequentially along the cross section at a predetermined angle, and the inner wall surface at each angle is measured with a light wave range finder. A surveying technique for creating cross-sectional data is disclosed.
JP 2003-65555 A

  However, in the conventional surveying method as described in Patent Document 1, in order to survey the position of the point on the actual wall surface 30, the surveying by the surveying instrument 10 installed at an appropriate position in the space of the tunnel 60 is performed. Thus, after obtaining the point O, the surveying instrument 10 must be moved to the point O. In particular, when the point M to be measured is located across a plurality of tunnel cross sections, the surveying instrument must be moved repeatedly each time, which requires labor and labor. In addition, when the equipment is installed on the tunnel cross section 50, or for the surveying and positioning of the position of the point on the inner peripheral wall surface of the face section, the surveying instrument 10 cannot be installed on the cross section. This method is not applicable.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and a desired cross section of the structure can be obtained without moving the surveying instrument from any position where the survey target point on the surface of the structure such as a tunnel can be seen. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surveying method and a survey system capable of surveying the position of the above survey target point.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is directed to a structure having a known design cross-sectional shape in each cross section orthogonal to a predetermined reference axis, passing through a given position on the reference axis to the predetermined reference axis. A surveying method for surveying the coordinates of a point on a surface in a given direction as viewed from the reference axis in an orthogonal cross section (hereinafter referred to as a target cross section) as a survey target point,
A surveying instrument installation step of installing a surveying instrument capable of surveying the coordinates of a point on the surface of the object located in the direction toward the collimation point, with an appropriate point through which the survey target point can be seen as a reference point; ,
A straight line connecting the reference point and the collimation point by using the surveying instrument, with the point on the design cross-sectional shape in the given direction as a collimation point when viewed from the reference axis in the target cross section A surveying step of surveying the coordinates of the first point that intersects the surface of the structure;
A collimation point update step of updating the collimation point in the target cross section based on the coordinates of the first point;
A step of calculating a distance between the collimation point before the update and the collimation point after the update, and determining whether the distance satisfies a predetermined approximate condition,
If the predetermined approximate condition is satisfied, the coordinate of the updated collimation point is set as the coordinate of the survey target point, and if the predetermined approximate condition is not satisfied, the updated collimation point is used to perform the surveying. The step, the collimation point update step, and the determination step are repeated (first invention).

  According to the surveying method of the present invention, even if the surveying instrument is installed at an arbitrary position in the structure, the survey target point located on the inner peripheral wall of the desired cross section of the structure is not moved without moving the surveying instrument. An approximate position can be derived. In addition, when the survey target point is located on a plurality of cross sections, it is not necessary to move the surveying instrument, and the approximate position of the survey target point can be specified, so that the work efficiency is greatly improved.

  Also, when equipment is installed on the desired cross section in the hollow space, or when surveying the inner peripheral wall on the section of the tunnel face, the equipment is away from the place where the equipment is placed or from the face. It can be surveyed from places. As a result, not only can the surveyable range be widened, but the surveying can be carried out safely and the surveying in parallel with the excavation work can be carried out.

  In a second aspect based on the first aspect, the collimation point updating step includes: a second point obtained by projecting the first point onto the target cross section in a direction orthogonal to the target cross section. A first calculation step of calculating coordinates, and a distance from the reference axis is the same as the second point on the cross section of the object, and an orientation viewed from the reference axis is the same as the collimation point And a second calculation step of calculating coordinates of the third point as an updated collimation point.

  According to a third invention, in the first or second invention, the surveying instrument is a light wave surveying instrument that emits a laser beam and surveys the coordinates of a point at which the laser beam is irradiated onto the surface of the object. And

  According to a fourth invention, in the first to third inventions, the reference axis is a straight line or a curve.

  According to a fifth invention, in the first to fourth inventions, the approximation condition is that the distance is not more than a predetermined value.

  According to a sixth invention, in the first to fifth inventions, the structure is a tunnel.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a structure having a known design cross-sectional shape in each cross section orthogonal to a predetermined reference axis passes through a given position on the reference axis and is orthogonal to the predetermined reference axis (hereinafter referred to as a cross section). A survey system that measures the coordinates of a point on the surface in a given direction as viewed from the reference axis within the object cross-section, and is located in the direction toward the collimation point A surveying unit capable of measuring the coordinates of a point on the surface of the object, a collimation point adjusting unit for adjusting a collimation point of the surveying unit, and an appropriate point through which the surveying target point can be seen as a reference point, The reference point and the collimation point are determined by the surveying unit installed at the reference point with a point on the design cross-sectional shape in the given direction as viewed from the reference axis in a plane as a collimation point. The coordinates of the first point where the straight line connecting with the surface of the structure intersects A surveying value acquisition unit that acquires the coordinates of the first point when measured, and a collimation point update unit that updates the collimation point in the target cross section based on the coordinates of the first point And calculating a distance between the collimation point before the update and the collimation point after the update, determining whether the distance satisfies a predetermined approximate condition, and if the predetermined approximate condition is satisfied, The coordinate of the collimation point after update is the coordinate of the survey target point, and if the predetermined approximate condition is not satisfied, the collimation point adjustment unit using the updated collimation point, the survey value acquisition unit, And a control unit that performs processing by the collimation point update unit.

  In an eighth aspect based on the seventh aspect, the collimation point update unit orthogonally crosses the target cross section onto the target cross section with the first point acquired by the survey value acquisition section. A distance from the reference axis on the target cross section is calculated from a first calculation unit that calculates the coordinates of the second point projected in the direction, and the second point calculated by the first calculation unit. A second calculation unit that calculates the coordinates of the third point that is the same as the second point and that is viewed from the reference axis and that is the same as the collimation point as the collimation point after update, It is characterized by providing.

  According to the present invention, the position of the survey target point on the desired cross section of the structure is surveyed without moving the surveying instrument from any position where the survey target point on the surface of the structure such as a tunnel can be seen. It is possible to provide a surveying method and surveying system that can be performed.

  Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a method for measuring the position of a point on the inner wall surface of the tunnel 60 of the present embodiment. In FIG. 3, portions corresponding to FIG. 7 are denoted with the same reference numerals. In this embodiment, the survey of a point on the inner surface of the tunnel 60 in a given direction as viewed from the reference axis in a cross section passing through a given position on a predetermined reference axis and perpendicular to the reference axis. Is performed without moving the surveying instrument 10. In the present embodiment, as in the case of FIG. 7, the reference axis is the tunnel base axis 40, and the point in the tunnel cross section 50 orthogonal to the tunnel base axis 40 at a given point O on the tunnel base axis 40 is obtained. Assume that the position M (coordinates) of the actual wall surface 30 in the direction α as viewed from O is measured.

As shown in FIG. 3, from the surveying instrument 10 installed at an arbitrary position S in the inner space of the tunnel 60, the tunnel cross section 50 orthogonal to the tunnel base axis 40 on the design wall surface 20 in the direction α as seen from the tunnel base axis 40. When the point A ₀ is collimated, the point to be surveyed is a point A ₁ that is an intersection with the actual wall 30 by extending a collimation line SA ₀ connecting a straight line from the survey position S to the point A _0. . In the present embodiment, as the basis of the coordinates of the point A _1, while repeating the predetermined calculation and surveying, viewing set repeatedly quasi point, gradually move and its collimation point to surveying object point M, surveying The approximate coordinates of the target point M are determined.

  FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a surveying method 100 according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the surveying method 100 includes a surveying instrument installation step 110, a surveying step 120, a collimation point update step 125, a determination step 150, a collimation point resetting step 160, and a survey target point determination. And Step 170. The collimation point update process 125 includes a first calculation process 130 and a second calculation process 140.

  The surveying instrument installation step 110 is a step of installing the surveying instrument 10. As shown in FIG. 3, the surveying instrument 10 can be installed at an arbitrary position in the space of the tunnel 60 as long as the scaffolding is good and the surveying instrument 10 can be fixedly installed and can see the survey target point M.

Further, in the surveying process 120, the point A ₀ on the design wall 20 located in the direction α in the tunnel cross section 50 is used as a collimation point when viewed from the point O that is the intersection of the tunnel cross section 50 and the tunnel base axis 40. Then, the position of the point where the straight line connecting the position S and the collimation point A ₀ intersects the actual wall surface 30 of the tunnel 60 is measured, and this point is set as the first point A ₁ and its coordinates are obtained.

  4 to 6 are diagrams for explaining the first calculation step 130 and the second calculation step 140, and are projection views respectively projected on the XZ plane, the XY plane, and the YZ plane.

In the first calculation step 130, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, with the first point A ₁ of the coordinates survey in the survey process 120, a point A ₁ of the first, to the tunnel cross section 50, calculating a second coordinate a ₂ points in that the orientation projection perpendicular to the tunnel cross section 50.

In the second calculation step 140, as shown in FIG. 6, the distance OA ₂ between the _second point A ₂ calculated in the first calculation step 130 and the point O is calculated, and the distance from the point O is the distance OA. The coordinates of the third point A ₃ which is the same as ₂ and is on the half line r extending from the point O through the point A ₀ are calculated. That is, the third point A ₃ is a point (second point A ₂ ) obtained by projecting the measured _first point A ₁ onto the tunnel cross section 50 to be measured in the direction of the tunnel base axis 40. mainly, a point rotated in the desired direction alpha, as described below, by repeating the surveying point a ₃ of the third as a quasi-point a new vision gradually surveying target point collimation point M Can be approached.

In the determination step 150, a distance d _A between the collimation point A ₀ and the third point A ₃ calculated in the second calculation step 140 is calculated, and this distance d _A is set to a predetermined approximate condition (for example, the distance D It is determined whether or not the following is satisfied.

If the distance d _A does not satisfy this approximation condition, the third point A ₃ is set as a new collimation point B ₀ used for surveying (collimation point resetting step 160). One point B ₁ is surveyed, the first calculation step 130 calculates the coordinates of the second point B ₂ , and the second calculation step 140 calculates the coordinates of the third point B ₃ . Then, again, the determination step quasi point B ₀ viewing at 150 distance d _B is obtained with the third point B _3, determines whether the approximate conditions are satisfied as described above. Thus, these steps 120 to 150 are repeated until the approximate condition is satisfied. On the other hand, if the distance between the third point and the collimation point satisfies the approximation condition, the coordinate of the third point is determined as the coordinate of the survey target point (survey target point determination step 170), and the survey method 100 is terminated. .

  FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a survey system 200 showing an example for implementing the survey method 100.

  As shown in the figure, the surveying system 200 includes a surveying unit 210, a collimation point adjustment unit 220, a surveying value acquisition unit 230, a collimation point update unit 235, and a control unit 260 that controls these 210-235. It consists of. The collimation point update unit 235 includes a first calculation unit 240 and a second calculation unit 250.

The surveying unit 210 uses, for example, a non-prism light wave total station capable of measuring the coordinates of a target point located in the direction toward the collimation point.
The collimation point adjustment unit 220 adjusts the attitude of the surveying unit 210 so that it collimates to a collimation point instructed from the control unit 260 described later.
The survey value acquisition unit 230 acquires the coordinates of the target point surveyed by the survey unit 210 from the survey unit 210.

The first calculation unit 240 performs the first calculation step 130 described above based on the coordinates acquired by the survey value acquisition unit 230, and calculates the coordinates of the second point.
The second calculation unit 250 performs the above-described second calculation step 140 based on the coordinates of the second point calculated by the first calculation unit 240, and uses the third point as the updated collimation point and the coordinates of the second point. Perform the calculation.

  Based on the coordinates of the third point calculated by the second calculation unit 250, the control unit 260 determines whether or not the approximate condition described above is satisfied by performing the determination step 150 described above. ˜250 are controlled in accordance with steps 120 to 170 shown in the flowchart of FIG. 1, and finally the position of the survey target point M is determined.

  As described above, according to the surveying method 100 and the surveying system 200 according to the present embodiment, even if the surveying instrument 10 is installed at an arbitrary position S in the space of the tunnel 60, the surveying instrument 10 is not moved. The approximate position of the survey target point M located on the actual wall surface 30 of the desired tunnel cross section 50 can be derived. That is, even when the survey target point M is located on a plurality of tunnel cross sections 50, the approximate position of the survey target point M can be specified without having to move the surveying instrument 10, so that the work efficiency is greatly improved.

  Also, when equipment is installed on the tunnel cross-section 50, or when measuring the position of a point on the inner peripheral wall surface of the tunnel face section, the equipment face other than the place where the equipment is installed, or the face surface Surveying can be done from a distance from As a result, not only can the surveyable range be widened, but the surveying can be carried out safely and the surveying in parallel with the excavation work can be carried out.

  Note that the surveying system 200 according to the present invention may be provided with a device that emits visible laser light capable of pointing to the specified survey target point M. Thereby, for example, when positioning a surveying point, an anchor bolt, or the like, the position can be simply referred to.

In this embodiment, the reference axis is the tunnel base axis 40. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the method of taking the reference axis is arbitrary. 8, the reference axis, from the point A ₀ of the design wall 20, and when set to the vertical direction reference axis 40 _a of the vertically downward direction, surveying subject of setting the horizontal direction reference axis 40 _b in the horizontal direction It is a perspective view which shows the position of a point.

For example, as shown in FIG. 8, when the reference axis and the vertical reference axis 40 _a from O _a point which is the intersection of the tunnel cross section 50 and vertical reference axis 40 _a, the direction of the point A ₀ intersection M _a of the actual wall surface 30 that extends to become surveying object point, if the reference axis and the horizontal reference axis 40 _b is a point which is the point of intersection between the tunnel cross section 50 and the horizontal reference axis 40 _b O The intersection M _b with the actual wall surface 30 extended from _{b in} the direction of the point A ₀ becomes the survey target point. Thus, by changing the reference axis, it is possible to survey from point A ₀ of the design wall 20, the projection points of the real wall 30 on at any direction.

  In the present embodiment, the survey target is the inner wall surface of the tunnel, but is not limited to this, for example, a wall surface of a box culvert, a slope of cut, banking or earth excavation, or a curved surface portion such as a cylindrical shaft It is possible to apply the present invention by installing a measuring instrument at a position where a reference axis and a cross section perpendicular to the reference axis are known and a survey target point can be seen. it can.

It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the surveying method which concerns on this embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows the whole structure of the surveying system which concerns on this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the method of surveying the position of the point on the inner wall face of the tunnel of this embodiment. It is a XZ plane projection view for demonstrating a 1st calculation process and a 2nd calculation process. It is XY plane projection drawing for demonstrating a 1st calculation process and a 2nd calculation process. It is a YZ plane projection view for demonstrating a 1st calculation process and a 2nd calculation process. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the method of surveying the position of the point on the inner wall face of the conventional tunnel. The reference axis, from the point A ₀ of the design wall 20, and when set to the vertical direction reference axis 40 _a of the vertically downward direction, the position of the surveying object point in the case of setting the horizontal direction reference axis 40 _b in the horizontal direction It is a perspective view shown.

Explanation of symbols

10 surveying instrument 20 designed wall 30 real wall 40 tunnel base shaft 40 _a vertical reference axis 40 _b horizontally reference axis 50 Tunnel cross section 60 tunnel 100 surveying method 110 surveying instrument installation step 120 surveying step 125 collimating points updating step 130 first Calculation step 140 Second calculation step 150 Judgment step 160 Collimation point resetting step 170 Survey target point determination step 200 Survey system 210 Survey unit 220 Collimation point adjustment unit 230 Survey value acquisition unit 235 Collimation point update unit 240 First calculation Unit 250 second calculation unit 260 control unit A ₀ , B ₀ , C ₀ collimation point A ₁ , B ₁ , C ₁ first point A ₂ , B ₂ second point A ₃ , B ₃ third point _M, M _a, M _b surveying target point _O, O _a, O _b tunnel cross section and the intersection of the reference axis S surveying instrument installation position d _a, the distance between the points _{d B} collimation point and the third Predetermined direction on a half line α tunnel cross section extending in the direction α from point O

Claims (8)

For a structure having a known design cross-sectional shape in each cross-section orthogonal to a predetermined reference axis, a cross-section passing through a given position on the reference axis and orthogonal to the predetermined reference axis (hereinafter referred to as a target cross-section) A surveying method for surveying the coordinates of a point on the surface in a given direction as viewed from the reference axis,
A surveying instrument installation step of installing a surveying instrument capable of surveying the coordinates of a point on the surface of the object located in the direction toward the collimation point, with an appropriate point through which the survey target point can be seen as a reference point; ,
A straight line connecting the reference point and the collimation point by using the surveying instrument, with the point on the design cross-sectional shape in the given direction as a collimation point when viewed from the reference axis in the target cross section A surveying step of surveying the coordinates of the first point that intersects the surface of the structure;
A collimation point update step of updating the collimation point in the target cross section based on the coordinates of the first point;
A step of calculating a distance between the collimation point before the update and the collimation point after the update, and determining whether the distance satisfies a predetermined approximate condition,
If the predetermined approximate condition is satisfied, the coordinate of the updated collimation point is set as the coordinate of the survey target point, and if the predetermined approximate condition is not satisfied, the updated collimation point is used to perform the surveying. A structure surveying method, characterized by repeating a step, the collimation point update step, and the determination step. The collimation point update step includes:
A first calculation step of calculating coordinates of a second point obtained by projecting the first point onto the target cross section in a direction orthogonal to the target cross section;
On the cross-section of the object, a third point whose distance from the reference axis is the same as that of the second point and whose direction viewed from the reference axis is the same as the collimation point is updated. The surveying method according to claim 1, further comprising a second calculation step of calculating the coordinates as the quasi-point.   The surveying method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surveying instrument is a light wave surveying instrument that emits laser light and surveys the coordinates of a point at which the laser light is irradiated on the surface of an object.   The surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the reference axis is a straight line or a curve.   The surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the approximate condition is that the distance is equal to or less than a predetermined value.   The surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a tunnel. For a structure having a known design cross-sectional shape in each cross section orthogonal to a predetermined reference axis, a cross section passing through a given position on the reference axis and orthogonal to the predetermined reference axis (hereinafter referred to as a target cross section) A surveying system for surveying the coordinates of a point on the surface in a given direction as viewed from the reference axis,
A surveying unit capable of measuring the coordinates of a point on the surface of the object located in the direction toward the collimation point;
A collimation point adjustment unit for adjusting a collimation point of the surveying unit;
An appropriate point through which the survey target point can be seen is used as a reference point, and the reference point is a point on the design cross-sectional shape in the given direction as viewed from the reference axis in the target cross section. The coordinates of the first point when the straight line connecting the reference point and the collimation point is measured by the surveying unit installed at the surface of the structure is acquired. A survey value acquisition unit;
A collimation point updating unit for updating the collimation point in the target cross section based on the coordinates of the first point;
Calculate the distance between the collimation point before the update and the collimation point after the update, determine whether this distance satisfies a predetermined approximate condition, and if the predetermined approximate condition is satisfied, The collimation point coordinates are the coordinates of the survey target point, and if the predetermined approximate condition is not satisfied, the collimation point adjustment unit, the survey value acquisition unit, and the A surveying system comprising: a control unit that performs processing by a collimation point update unit. The collimation point update unit
A first calculation unit that calculates coordinates of a second point obtained by projecting the first point acquired by the survey value acquisition unit onto the target cross section in a direction orthogonal to the target cross section;
From the second point calculated by the first calculation unit, on the target cross section, the distance from the reference axis is the same as the second point, and the orientation viewed from the reference axis is The surveying system according to claim 7, further comprising: a second calculation unit that calculates the coordinates of the third point that is the same as the collimation point as an updated collimation point.

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