JP4867100B2 - Method for producing hexafluoropropylene oxide - Google Patents

Method for producing hexafluoropropylene oxide Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4867100B2
JP4867100B2 JP2001232356A JP2001232356A JP4867100B2 JP 4867100 B2 JP4867100 B2 JP 4867100B2 JP 2001232356 A JP2001232356 A JP 2001232356A JP 2001232356 A JP2001232356 A JP 2001232356A JP 4867100 B2 JP4867100 B2 JP 4867100B2
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hfp
reaction
oxygen
solvent
carbon
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JP2003040879A (en
Inventor
伸 立松
秀一 岡本
正邦 佐藤
研一 江畑
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AGC Inc
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Asahi Glass Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキサイド(HFPO)の製造方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)を特定の不活性溶媒の存在下で酸化することからなるヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキサイドの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
HFPOは、各種フッ素化合物、例えばフッ素樹脂やエラストマーの中間体であるヘキサフルオロアセトン、パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテルなどの原料として重要な化合物である。またそのオリゴマーは潤滑油や熱媒油等に広く使用されている。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
HFPOの製造方法としては、従来より、種々の方法が知られているが、一般的にはHFPを部分酸化して製造している。この部分酸化方法としては、アルカリ性過酸化水素、分子状酸素、次亜塩素酸塩、有機過酸化物などの酸化剤を使用する方法や、電解酸化法等が知られている。
【0004】
これらの部分酸化法の中で、酸化剤として分子状酸素を用いる方法は安価な酸素を用いる点で有利であり、通常は、不活性溶媒の存在下にHFPを酸化させる方法が採用される。該方法では、炭素−炭素結合が切断されて高次に酸化された分解物(CF3 COF、COF2 )が副生するものの、簡便であり高効率のため多くの研究がなされている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
たとえば、(1)USP3,536,733号および対応する特公昭45−11683には、1,1,2−トリクロロ−1,2,2−トリフルオロエタン(R−113)、トリクロロフルオロメタン(R−11)、四塩化炭素、窒素、ヘリウム、炭酸ガスを不活性溶媒として用いた反応およびその成績が明示されている。また、1,2−ジブロモヘキサフルオロプロパン(R−216B2)、1,2−ジブロモ−1−クロロ−トリフルオロエタン(R−113B2)、1−クロロ−3−ヒドロ−ヘキサフルオロプロパン(R−226cb)、2,2−ジクロロ−1,1,1−トリフルオロエタン(R−123)、1,3−ジクロロテトラフルオロアセトン、ヘプタフルオロブタン酸無水物、パーフルオロ(2,5−ジメチル−3,6−ジオキサノナノニル)フルオライド(HFPO二量体)、オクタフルオロジチアジン、1,2−ジクロロヘキサフルオロシクロペンテン、パーフルオロシクロペンテン、パーフルオロ−2−ブチルオキソラン、パーフルオロトリブチルアミンを用いた場合も、HFPOが生成することが記載されているが、これらを用いた場合のHFPOの収率は不明であり、溶媒としての特徴や優位性についてまったく言及されていない。
【0006】
また、(2)USP3,600,409号にはベンゼン、ニトロベンゼンまたはハロゲン化ベンゼン等の芳香族化合物をR−113等の溶媒に添加することにより、ヘキサフルオロアセトンのような副生成物を抑制し、HFPOを高収率で得る方法が記載されている。しかし、芳香族化合物は臭気や毒性等の作業環境の点で好ましくない問題がある。
【0007】
(3)ロシア文献Izvestia Akademii Nauk(10,2230−2234,1975,UDC542.943号,UDC547.413号)および特開平1−135780では、パーフルオロエーテルを用いる方法が記載されている。しかし、パーフルオロポリエーテル類を用いた場合には、収率が低く、反応操作がしにくい問題が認められた。また、パーフルオロポリエーテル類(商品名フォンブリンの名で知られている。)は、半導体用途の真空ポンプ等の限定された用途に使われるきわめて高価なオイルである。
【0008】
また、先のロシア文献には、R−113を用いる方法も記載されており反応溶媒をリサイクル使用すると、該溶媒中に含まれるHFP酸化時の副生物である高沸点有機過酸化物が混入することにより、反応誘導期を消滅できると記載されている。しかしR−113は、オゾン層を破壊する恐れがある化合物として原則として使用できない問題がある。
【0009】
(4)(3)と同様の技術として特開平6−107650には、HFPの酸素酸化時に副生するポリ(パーフルオロオキシメチレン)酸フルオライド由来の過酸化物が、反応の誘導期を無くして反応を安定化させ、収率を向上させることが示されている。
【0010】
また、HFPの酸化には、従来R−113等のオゾン層破壊の懸念されるパークロロフルオロカーボンのなかで、特定フロンを溶媒にすることが一般的であったが、(5)近年の公開特許には、1,1,3,4−テトラクロロ−ヘキサフルオロブタン(R−316lbc)等の、規制を受けていない溶媒を使用することが記載されている。しかし、R−316lbcは、規制は受けていないがオゾン層破壊が懸念される物質であるという問題がある。
【0011】
特開平9−52886号公報には、式(3)で表される化合物の存在下でヘキサフルオロプロピレンと酸素を反応させることによりヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキサイドを製造する方法が記載されている。しかし、式(3)で表される化合物は加水分解によりフッ酸が発生するため、金属が腐食する等の問題がある。
CF3(CF2)2O(CF(CF3)CF2O)nCF(CF3)COF (3)
(nは0から4の整数を示す。)。
【0012】
本発明は、高収率でHFPOを製造する方法を確立するためになされたものであり、具体的には、特定の溶媒を使用する製造方法を確立することを目的とする。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、HFPOの高収率化を達成すべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、式(1)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(1)という。)の存在下でHFPの酸素酸化を実施すると、R−113など従来の溶媒に比べ、HFPの高転化率域におけるHFPO選択率の低下を抑制できることを見いだし本発明に至った。
【0014】
R−CHFX (1)
(Rは、炭素−炭素原子間にエーテル性酸素原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数2〜11のパーハロポリフルオロアルキル基。Xは、フッ素原子または塩素原子である。)
【0015】
すなわち、本発明は、化合物(1)の存在下で、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンと酸素とを反応させることを特徴とするヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキサイドの製造方法を提供する。
【0016】
化合物(1)は、HCFC、HFCなどでありオゾン層への影響が少ない。一方、n−パーフルオロオクタンなどのPFCは地球温暖化係数が高いなどのデメリットがある。
しかも、化合物(1)を用いる本発明の製造方法は、HFPOが高収率で得られる、というメリットもある。
化合物(1)におけるRの炭素数は、2〜11であり、好ましくは2〜5である。
【0017】
Rは、パーハロポリフルオロアルキル基である。パーハロポリフルオロアルキル基とは、アルキル基の水素原子がすべてハロゲン原子で置換され、そのハロゲン原子のうち複数がフッ素原子である基をいう。フッ素原子以外のハロゲン原子としては塩素原子が好ましい。パーハロポリフルオロアルキル基中のハロゲン原始はすべてフッ素原子であるか、1〜2個が塩素原子で他がフッ素原子であることが好ましい。また、パーハロポリフルオロアルキル基中の炭素原子間にはエーテル性酸素原子が存在してもよく、その数は2個以下が好ましい。Rとしてはパーハロポリフルオロアルキル基と塩素原子1個を有し他はすべてフッ素原子であるパーハロポリフルオロアルキル基が好ましい。Rとしては、特にCFClCF−、CF(CF−が好ましい。
【0018】
化合物(1)としては、具体的には、CFClCFCHFCl、CF(CFH、COCFCFH、COCF(CF)CFOCFCFHなどが挙げられ、CFClCFCHFCl、CF(CFHが好ましい。
【0019】
本発明においては、化合物(1)を1種のみ用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
【0020】
本発明における反応は、内部の撹拌が可能な耐圧性反応器を使用するのが好ましく、特に材質がステンレス鋼、ハステロイ等の耐酸性金属であるオートクレーブが好ましい。
【0021】
本発明における反応は、化合物(1)を充填した耐圧性反応器に化合物(1)と、HFPと、酸素とを連続的に導入し、生成物や化合物(1)などを連続的に抜き出しながら反応させるのが好ましい。たとえば、化合物(1)およびHFPが液体である条件下で、酸素をバブリングして、酸素とHFPとを液相で反応させる。反応器の圧力は、反応器出口で制御し、反応温度は加熱浴を用いて制御することが好ましい。
【0022】
本発明において使用する酸素は、酸素のみを使用してもよいし、他の不活性ガスで希釈したもの等を使用してもよい。たとえば、窒素で希釈した酸素や、空気等が挙げられる。また、HFPと酸素の使用割合は、HFPを1モルに対して酸素を1〜5モル使用するのが好ましく、特に、1〜2モルが好ましい。また、連続的に製造する場合の化合物(1)の導入量は、特に限定されず、いかなる量であってもよいが、通常は、HFP1モルに対して、1〜20モル程度が好ましく、特に1〜5モルが好ましい。また、反応圧力は2.0〜5.0MPaが好ましく、特に2.5〜4.0MPaが好ましい。反応温度は100〜200℃が好ましく、特に120〜180℃が好ましく、さらに140〜170℃が好ましい。反応の滞留時間は、特に限定されないが、通常5〜240分程度であり、実質的な反応速度を得るためには、20〜100分程度が好ましい。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を例を挙げて具体例的に説明するが、これらによって、本発明は限定されない。ただし、例1〜2は、本発明の実施例に該当し、例3は、比較例に該当する。
【0024】
[例1]
CFClCFCHFClを充填した、2リットルのハステロイ製オートクレーブに、ノズルを用いて、溶媒としてCFClCFCHFCl(沸点56℃)を13.1mol/hrで導入しながら、HFPを3.4mol/hr、酸素を2.5mol/hrで液相に導入し、反応開始後、オートクレーブ内の圧力を3.3MPa、温度を163℃に制御した。抜き出した反応物と、未反応物と、溶媒との混合物を、数回サンプリングし、ガスクロマトグラフを用いて分析した。HFPの導入量および反応ガスのHFP、HFPO量より、HFP転化率70%およびHFPO選択率59%の結果を安定して得た。
【0025】
[例2]
溶媒としてCF(CFH(沸点71℃)を使用し、この溶媒を8.9mol/hrで導入すること以外は、例1と同様に反応を実施した。抜き出し口より反応ガスと溶媒の混合物を数回サンプリングし、ガスクロマトグラフで分析した。いずれの場合も反応は安定し、連続的に反応させることができた。HFPの導入量および反応ガスのHFP、HFPO量より、HFP転化率72%およびHFPO選択率60%の結果を安定して得た。
【0026】
[例3]
溶媒として1,1,2−トリクロロ−1,2,2−トリフルオロエタン(R−113)を使用し、この溶媒を14.2mol/hrで導入すること以外は、例1と同様に反応を実施した。抜き出し口より反応ガスと溶媒の混合物を数回サンプリングし、ガスクロマトグラフで分析した。反応は安定し、連続的に反応させることができた。HFPの導入量および反応ガスのHFP、HFPO量より、HFP転化率67%およびHFPO選択率55%の結果を得た。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明方法によれば、反応溶媒として、地球環境に影響を及ぼさない溶媒を用いて、高収率でヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキサイドが製造可能である。また、本発明の方法は、フッ酸等の副生物も少なく、反応操作も容易であり、工業的に有利な連続的製造方法にも採用できる利点もある。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO). More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing hexafluoropropylene oxide, which comprises oxidizing hexafluoropropylene (HFP) in the presence of a specific inert solvent.
[0002]
HFPO is an important compound as a raw material for various fluorine compounds such as hexafluoroacetone and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, which are intermediates of fluororesins and elastomers. Moreover, the oligomer is widely used for lubricating oil, heat transfer oil and the like.
[0003]
[Prior art]
Various methods for producing HFPO are conventionally known, but in general, they are produced by partially oxidizing HFP. As this partial oxidation method, a method using an oxidizing agent such as alkaline hydrogen peroxide, molecular oxygen, hypochlorite, and organic peroxide, and an electrolytic oxidation method are known.
[0004]
Among these partial oxidation methods, a method using molecular oxygen as an oxidizing agent is advantageous in that inexpensive oxygen is used, and a method of oxidizing HFP in the presence of an inert solvent is usually employed. In this method, although a decomposition product (CF 3 COF, COF 2 ) that is highly oxidized by cutting a carbon-carbon bond is produced as a by-product, many studies have been made for simplicity and high efficiency.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
For example, (1) USP 3,536,733 and the corresponding Japanese Patent Publication 45-11683 include 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (R-113), trichlorofluoromethane (R -11), reactions using carbon tetrachloride, nitrogen, helium and carbon dioxide as inert solvents and their results are clearly shown. In addition, 1,2-dibromohexafluoropropane (R-216B2), 1,2-dibromo-1-chloro-trifluoroethane (R-113B2), 1-chloro-3-hydro-hexafluoropropane (R-226cb) ), 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-123), 1,3-dichlorotetrafluoroacetone, heptafluorobutanoic anhydride, perfluoro (2,5-dimethyl-3, 6-Dioxanonanyl) fluoride (HFPO dimer), octafluorodithiazine, 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclopentene, perfluorocyclopentene, perfluoro-2-butyloxolane, perfluorotributylamine Are described that HFPO is produced. FPO yield is unclear, not at all refer to the features and advantages as a solvent.
[0006]
(2) In USP 3,600,409, by adding an aromatic compound such as benzene, nitrobenzene or halogenated benzene to a solvent such as R-113, a by-product such as hexafluoroacetone is suppressed. Describes a method for obtaining HFPO in high yield. However, aromatic compounds have undesirable problems in terms of working environment such as odor and toxicity.
[0007]
(3) The Russian literature Izvestia Akademii Nauk (10, 2230-2234, 1975, UDC542.943, UDC5477.413) and JP-A-1-135780 describe a method using perfluoroether. However, when perfluoropolyethers were used, there was a problem that the yield was low and the reaction operation was difficult. Perfluoropolyethers (known under the trade name Fomblin) are extremely expensive oils used in limited applications such as vacuum pumps for semiconductor applications.
[0008]
In addition, in the previous Russian literature, a method using R-113 is also described, and when a reaction solvent is recycled, a high-boiling organic peroxide, which is a by-product during HFP oxidation, contained in the solvent is mixed. It is described that the reaction induction period can be eliminated. However, there is a problem that R-113 cannot be used in principle as a compound that may destroy the ozone layer.
[0009]
(4) As a technique similar to (3), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-107650 discloses that a peroxide derived from poly (perfluorooxymethylene) acid fluoride by-product during oxygen oxidation of HFP eliminates the induction period of the reaction. It has been shown to stabilize the reaction and improve yield.
[0010]
In addition, for the oxidation of HFP, it has been common to use specific chlorofluorocarbon as a solvent among the perchlorofluorocarbons that are feared to destroy the ozone layer, such as R-113. Describes the use of unregulated solvents such as 1,1,3,4-tetrachloro-hexafluorobutane (R-316lbc). However, there is a problem that R-316lbc is a substance that is not regulated but is concerned about ozone layer destruction.
[0011]
JP-A-9-52886 describes a method for producing hexafluoropropylene oxide by reacting hexafluoropropylene and oxygen in the presence of a compound represented by the formula (3). However, since the compound represented by the formula (3) generates hydrofluoric acid by hydrolysis, there is a problem that the metal corrodes.
CF 3 (CF 2 ) 2 O (CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n CF (CF 3 ) COF (3)
(N represents an integer of 0 to 4).
[0012]
The present invention has been made in order to establish a method for producing HFPO with high yield, and specifically, an object thereof is to establish a production method using a specific solvent.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, as a result of intensive studies to achieve a high yield of HFPO, oxygen oxidation of HFP was carried out in the presence of a compound represented by formula (1) (hereinafter referred to as compound (1)). Then, the present inventors found that it is possible to suppress a decrease in HFPO selectivity in a high conversion rate region of HFP as compared with conventional solvents such as R-113.
[0014]
R-CHFX (1)
(R is a carbon - perhaloalkyl polyfluoroalkyl group .X carbon atoms between ether oxygen atom number which may contain carbon 2 to 11, the fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.)
[0015]
That is, this invention provides the manufacturing method of the hexafluoropropylene oxide characterized by making hexafluoropropylene and oxygen react in presence of a compound (1).
[0016]
Compound (1) is HCFC, HFC or the like and has little influence on the ozone layer. On the other hand, PFCs such as n-perfluorooctane have disadvantages such as a high global warming potential.
Moreover, the production method of the present invention using the compound (1) has an advantage that HFPO can be obtained in a high yield.
Carbon number of R in a compound (1) is 2-11, Preferably it is 2-5.
[0017]
R is a perhalopolyfluoroalkyl group. A perhalopolyfluoroalkyl group refers to a group in which all hydrogen atoms of an alkyl group are substituted with halogen atoms, and a plurality of the halogen atoms are fluorine atoms. As halogen atoms other than fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms are preferred. It is preferred that all halogen primitives in the perhalopolyfluoroalkyl group are fluorine atoms, or 1 to 2 are chlorine atoms and the others are fluorine atoms. Further, perhaloalkyl polyfluoroalkyl is between carbon atoms in the group may be present etheric oxygen atom, the number is preferably 2 or less. R is preferably a perhalopolyfluoroalkyl group and a perhalopolyfluoroalkyl group having one chlorine atom and all others being fluorine atoms. R is particularly preferably CF 2 ClCF 2 — or CF 3 (CF 2 ) 4 —.
[0018]
Specifically, as the compound (1), CF 2 ClCF 2 CHFC1, CF 3 (CF 2 ) 5 H, C 3 F 7 OCF 2 CF 2 H, C 3 F 7 OCF (CF 3 ) CF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H and the like can be mentioned, and CF 2 ClCF 2 CHFCl and CF 3 (CF 2 ) 5 H are preferable.
[0019]
In the present invention, only one type of compound (1) may be used, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
[0020]
For the reaction in the present invention, it is preferable to use a pressure-resistant reactor capable of stirring inside, and an autoclave whose material is an acid-resistant metal such as stainless steel or hastelloy is particularly preferable.
[0021]
In the reaction in the present invention, the compound (1), HFP, and oxygen are continuously introduced into the pressure-resistant reactor filled with the compound (1), and the product and the compound (1) are continuously extracted. It is preferable to react. For example, oxygen is bubbled under a condition where the compound (1) and HFP are liquid, and oxygen and HFP are reacted in a liquid phase. The reactor pressure is preferably controlled at the reactor outlet, and the reaction temperature is preferably controlled using a heating bath.
[0022]
As oxygen used in the present invention, only oxygen may be used, or oxygen diluted with other inert gas may be used. Examples thereof include oxygen diluted with nitrogen and air. Moreover, it is preferable to use 1-5 mol of oxygen with respect to 1 mol of HFP, and, as for the usage ratio of HFP and oxygen, 1-2 mol is especially preferable. In addition, the amount of compound (1) introduced in the case of continuous production is not particularly limited and may be any amount. Usually, about 1 to 20 mol is preferable with respect to 1 mol of HFP. 1-5 mol is preferred. The reaction pressure is preferably 2.0 to 5.0 MPa, and particularly preferably 2.5 to 4.0 MPa. The reaction temperature is preferably 100 to 200 ° C, particularly preferably 120 to 180 ° C, and more preferably 140 to 170 ° C. The residence time of the reaction is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 to 240 minutes. In order to obtain a substantial reaction rate, about 20 to 100 minutes is preferable.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. However, Examples 1 and 2 correspond to examples of the present invention, and Example 3 corresponds to a comparative example.
[0024]
[Example 1]
While introducing CF 2 ClCF 2 CHFC1 (boiling point 56 ° C.) as a solvent at a rate of 13.1 mol / hr into a 2 liter Hastelloy autoclave filled with CF 2 ClCF 2 CHFC1 using a nozzle, 3.4 mol of HFP is introduced. / Hr and oxygen were introduced into the liquid phase at 2.5 mol / hr, and after starting the reaction, the pressure in the autoclave was controlled at 3.3 MPa and the temperature at 163 ° C. A mixture of the extracted reactant, unreacted material, and solvent was sampled several times and analyzed using a gas chromatograph. From the amount of HFP introduced and the amounts of HFP and HFPO in the reaction gas, a result of 70% HFP conversion and 59% HFPO selectivity was stably obtained.
[0025]
[Example 2]
The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that CF 3 (CF 2 ) 5 H (boiling point 71 ° C.) was used as the solvent and this solvent was introduced at 8.9 mol / hr. A mixture of the reaction gas and the solvent was sampled several times from the outlet and analyzed by gas chromatography. In either case, the reaction was stable and could be continuously reacted. From the amount of HFP introduced and the amounts of HFP and HFPO in the reaction gas, the results of 72% HFP conversion and 60% HFPO selectivity were stably obtained.
[0026]
[Example 3]
The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (R-113) was used as the solvent and this solvent was introduced at 14.2 mol / hr. Carried out. A mixture of the reaction gas and the solvent was sampled several times from the outlet and analyzed by gas chromatography. The reaction was stable and could be continuously reacted. From the amount of HFP introduced and the amounts of HFP and HFPO in the reaction gas, the results were 67% HFP conversion and 55% HFPO selectivity.
[0027]
【Effect of the invention】
According to the method of the present invention, hexafluoropropylene oxide can be produced in a high yield by using a solvent that does not affect the global environment as a reaction solvent. Further, the method of the present invention is advantageous in that it can be employed in a continuous production method that is industrially advantageous because it has few by-products such as hydrofluoric acid, is easy to carry out the reaction operation.

Claims (3)

式(1)で表される化合物の存在下で、ヘキサフルオルプロピレンと酸素とを反応させることを特徴とするヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキサイドの製造方法。
R−CHFX (1)
(Rは、炭素−炭素原子間にエーテル性酸素原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数2〜11のパーハロポリフルオロアルキル基。Xは、フッ素原子または塩素原子である。)
A method for producing hexafluoropropylene oxide, comprising reacting hexafluoropropylene and oxygen in the presence of a compound represented by the formula (1).
R-CHFX (1)
(R is a carbon - perhaloalkyl polyfluoroalkyl group .X carbon atoms between ether oxygen atom number which may contain carbon 2 to 11, the fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.)
Rが、炭素−炭素原子間にエーテル性酸素原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数2−5のパーハロポリフルオロアルキル基である請求項1に記載の製造方法。  The production method according to claim 1, wherein R is a C 2-5 perhalopolyfluoroalkyl group which may contain an etheric oxygen atom between carbon-carbon atoms. RがCFClCFまたはCF(CFである請求項1に記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein R is CF 2 ClCF 2 or CF 3 (CF 2 ) 4 .
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