JP4849895B2 - 3D shape simplified display device - Google Patents

3D shape simplified display device Download PDF

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JP4849895B2
JP4849895B2 JP2006015677A JP2006015677A JP4849895B2 JP 4849895 B2 JP4849895 B2 JP 4849895B2 JP 2006015677 A JP2006015677 A JP 2006015677A JP 2006015677 A JP2006015677 A JP 2006015677A JP 4849895 B2 JP4849895 B2 JP 4849895B2
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shape
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display device
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JP2007199870A (en
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正明 香川
直之 佐藤
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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本発明は、３次元データを利用してイラスト等の図面を簡略表示する３次元形状簡略表示装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a three-dimensional shape simplified display device that uses three-dimensional data to simply display drawings such as illustrations.

一般に、指示書・手順書・マニュアル等におけるイラスト図の作成に３次元ＣＡＤデータを利用することで、作成の手間を省くことが行われている。この時、指示書・手順書・マニュアル等における図面においては、３次元ＣＡＤデータが持つ微細な詳細形状が図面理解の妨げになるため、説明のポイントとなる部分のみ詳細度を残したまま、それ以外の部分の表示を簡略することが行われる。
このような不要な詳細形状の例として薄板形状部がある。薄板形状部とは、微小な厚みをもった板状部分であり、図１（１）に示す空気口の保護のための桟、図１（２）に示す製品強度を上げるためのリブなどがある。これら薄板形状部を３次元ＣＡＤデータが保持する形状のまま３次元 線画表示により描画すると、微小な距離にて隣接した線分として描画されるため、イラスト用の図としては細かすぎ、理解の妨げとなってしまう。
そこで、イラスト図では、薄板形状に対しては簡略表示を行うことで理解しやすい表示を行っている（図２参照）。通常、３次元ＣＡＤデータを使ってこのような簡略表示を行う場合は、３次元を隠線処理表示した線画に対して、イラスト図作成者がひとつひとつ稜線を削除または追加することで行っている。３次元データを利用してイラスト用の表示に関する先行技術として、以下の技術が知られている。
特開平７−３７１０５号公報 特開平７−８５３１０号公報 特開平８−２７９０５７号公報 In general, using 3D CAD data for creating illustrations in instructions, procedures, manuals, etc., saves time for creation. At this time, in the drawings in the instruction manual / procedure manual / manual, etc., the fine detailed shape of the 3D CAD data obstructs the understanding of the drawing. The display of the other parts is simplified.
An example of such an unnecessary detailed shape is a thin plate-shaped portion. The thin plate-shaped portion is a plate-like portion having a minute thickness, and includes a crosspiece for protecting the air port shown in FIG. 1 (1), a rib for increasing the product strength shown in FIG. 1 (2), and the like. is there. If these thin plate-shaped parts are drawn in the 3D line drawing display with the shape held by the 3D CAD data, they are drawn as adjacent line segments at a very small distance. End up.
Therefore, in the illustration, a simple display is given to the thin plate shape so that it is easy to understand (see FIG. 2). Usually, when such simple display is performed using 3D CAD data, the illustration drawing creator deletes or adds each edge line to the line drawing that is displayed with the 3D hidden line processing. The following techniques are known as prior arts related to display for illustrations using three-dimensional data.
JP 7-37105 A JP 7-85310 A JP-A-8-279057

しかしながら、上記従来技術は、いずれも輪郭線や稜線等の強調表示により形状を理解しやすくするための技術であり、簡略化により形状を理解しやすくするための技術ではない。
本発明は、簡潔でかつ理解が容易な図を簡単に生成することができる３次元形状簡略表示装置を提供することを目的とするものである。 However, any of the above conventional techniques is a technique for facilitating understanding of the shape by highlighting contour lines, ridge lines, etc., and is not a technique for facilitating understanding of the shape by simplification.
The present invention aims to provide a three-dimensional shape simplified display device capable One or concise understanding produces easy FIG easily.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の第１の手段に係る３次元形状簡略表示装置は、３次元形状を保持する３次元データ部と、前記３次元形状についての簡略化する形状部分を特定する形状特定部と、前記形状特定部で特定した前記形状部分を簡略化変換する形状変換部と、前記３次元形状の３次元データを前記形状変換部で前記簡略化変換した前記形状部分を持つように線画により表示装置に表示させる表示部と、を備え、前記表示部は、前記簡略化変換した前記形状部分に対して、表示される線分を短く表示することで簡略表示することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a three-dimensional shape simplified display device according to the first means of the present invention specifies a three-dimensional data portion for holding a three- dimensional shape and a shape portion to be simplified for the three-dimensional shape. as with the shape specifying section, and the shape conversion unit said shaped portion identified by the shape identifying unit for converting simplified, the shaped portion converted the simplified three-dimensional data in the shape conversion unit of the three-dimensional shape and a display unit for displaying more display line image on the display unit, with respect to the shaped portion converted the simplified to simplify the display by displaying short segments to be displayed Features .

本発明の第２の手段に係る３次元形状簡略表示装置は、第１の手段において、前記形状特定部は、前記形状部分について、ユーザーが指定した閾値以下の距離を持ち、向きが逆で平行な面の組を特定して前記形状変換部に与えることを特徴とする。 In the three-dimensional shape simplified display device according to the second means of the present invention , in the first means , the shape specifying part has a distance equal to or less than a threshold specified by the user with respect to the shape part, and the direction is opposite and parallel. A specific surface set is specified and given to the shape conversion unit .

本発明の３次元形状簡略表示装置によれば、３次元データからイラスト等の図面を作成する際に必要な３次元形状の詳細部簡略化を行う際に、簡略化変換した形状部分に対して表示される線分を短く表示する簡略表示を行うため、認識しやすい簡潔な表示を簡単に実現できる。 When the three-dimensional shape simplified display device by the lever, detail section simplified three-dimensional shape required to create a drawing of illustrations from the three-dimensional data of the present invention, with respect to the converted shape partially simplified Therefore, a simple display that is easy to recognize can be easily realized.

以下、図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。
図３は本発明の実施形態に係る３次元形状簡略表示装置の機能ブロック図である。
図３において、３次元データ部１は、３次元形状を保持したデータベースである。３次元形状には面、稜線、頂点の隣接情報を含み、ある面に隣接する面や稜線をたどることができる。また、面には曲面の情報が保持されており、平面か否かを判定することができる。また、穴部に対応する面上の開口部に関しても、穴を持つ面の外側を囲む稜線列／頂点列と開口部を囲む稜線列／頂点列の間の関係が保持されている。
形状特定部２は、３次元データより簡略化の対象とすべき形状部分を特定し、特定した形状部を形状変換部（形状変換部）３に与える。形状特定の際には、ユーザーによるキーボード・マウス等の入力装置からの入力に従い、形状部分を特定する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the 3D shape simplified display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 3, a three-dimensional data unit 1 is a database holding a three-dimensional shape. The three-dimensional shape includes adjacent information of a surface, a ridge line, and a vertex, and a surface and a ridge line adjacent to a certain surface can be traced. In addition, the surface holds information on the curved surface, and it can be determined whether or not the surface is a plane. Further, with respect to the opening on the surface corresponding to the hole, the relationship between the ridge line / vertex row surrounding the outside of the surface having the hole and the ridge line / vertex row surrounding the opening is maintained.
The shape specifying unit 2 specifies a shape portion to be simplified from the three-dimensional data, and gives the specified shape portion to the shape conversion unit (shape conversion unit) 3. When specifying the shape, the shape portion is specified in accordance with the input from the input device such as a keyboard / mouse by the user.

形状変換部３は、形状特定部２より与えられる形状部分より、簡略化した形状を生成、あるいは、与えられた形状部分の一部を抽出し、生成または抽出した形状を表示部４に与える。
表示部４は、３次元データと、形状変換部３から与えられる形状を合わせ、表示装置（ディスプレイ）６に線画として表示する。その際、３次元データからは形状特定部２において特定された形状部分は利用せず、その替わりに形状変換部３から与えられる形状を利用する。 The shape converting unit 3 generates a simplified shape from the shape part given by the shape specifying unit 2 or extracts a part of the given shape part, and gives the generated or extracted shape to the display unit 4.
The display unit 4 combines the three-dimensional data and the shape given from the shape conversion unit 3 and displays the combined data on the display device (display) 6 as a line drawing. At that time, the shape portion specified by the shape specifying unit 2 is not used from the three-dimensional data, and the shape given from the shape converting unit 3 is used instead.

図４は本発明の３次元形状簡略表示装置が機能するコンピュータの構成図である。形状特定部２、形状変換部３、表示装置６を制御する表示部４はＣＰＵ１１がその機能を有する。また３次元データ部１はメモリ１２あるいは外部記憶装置１３がその機能を有する。   FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a computer in which the three-dimensional shape simplified display device of the present invention functions. The CPU 11 has the functions of the shape identifying unit 2, the shape converting unit 3, and the display unit 4 that controls the display device 6. The three-dimensional data unit 1 has the function of the memory 12 or the external storage device 13.

図５は形状特定部が薄板形状部を特定する処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。まず、ユーザーより薄板の厚みを指定するための値（数値Ｄ）を入力する（Ｓ１）。次に、３次元データの面（Ｆ１）を順番に調べていく（Ｓ２）。すべての面を調べたら（Ｓ３ではい）処理を終了する。
Ｆ１が平面でなければ（Ｓ４でいいえ）Ｓ２へ戻る。平面なら（Ｓ４ではい）、まだ調べていない面（Ｆ２）を順番に調べていく（Ｓ５）。すべての面を調べたら（Ｓ６ではい）Ｓ２へ戻る。Ｆ２が平面でなければＳ５へ戻る（フロー省略）。 FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing in which the shape specifying unit specifies the thin plate shape unit. First, the user inputs a value (numerical value D) for designating the thickness of the thin plate (S1). Next, the surface (F1) of the three-dimensional data is examined in order (S2). When all the surfaces have been examined (Yes in S3), the process is terminated.
If F1 is not a plane (No in S4), the process returns to S2. If it is a flat surface (Yes in S4), the surface (F2) that has not been examined is examined in order (S5). When all the surfaces have been examined (Yes in S6), the process returns to S2. If F2 is not a plane, the process returns to S5 (flow is omitted).

Ｆ１とＦ２の法線ベクトルを調べる。それぞれの法線ベクトルが平行で逆向きでなければ（Ｓ７でいいえ）Ｓ５へ戻る。Ｆ１とＦ２の距離ｄを求める。求めた距離がＤより大きければ（Ｓ９ではい）Ｓ５へ戻る。
面を保持する空のリストＬ１とＬ２を用意する。Ｆ１に隣接する面をリストＬ１に追加する。またＬ２にはＦ１とＦ２を追加する（Ｓ１０）。リストＬ１の面（Ｆ３）を順番に調べていく（Ｓ１１）。すべての面を調べたら（Ｓ１２ではい）リストＬ２を特定した形状として出力し（Ｓ１３）、Ｓ２へ戻る。 Examine the normal vectors of F1 and F2. If the normal vectors are not parallel and opposite (No in S7), the process returns to S5. The distance d between F1 and F2 is obtained. If the obtained distance is larger than D (Yes in S9), the process returns to S5.
Prepare empty lists L1 and L2 that hold faces. The face adjacent to F1 is added to the list L1. F1 and F2 are added to L2 (S10). The surface (F3) of the list L1 is examined in order (S11). When all the surfaces have been examined (Yes in S12), the list L2 is output as the specified shape (S13), and the process returns to S2.

Ｆ１とＦ３の面が凹なら（Ｓ１４ではい）Ｓ１１へ戻る。Ｆ３を、面を保持するリストＬ２に追加する（Ｓ１５）。Ｆ３がＦ２に隣接しているなら（Ｓ１６ではい）Ｓ１１へ戻る。Ｆ３に隣接する面でリストＬ１に含まれない面があれば（Ｓ１６でいいえ）Ｌ２に追加し（Ｓ１７）、Ｓ１１へ戻る。
上記の処理の流れでは説明を簡単にするため、面を逐次的に探索しているが、処理速度を上げるため、あらかじめ平面のみ抽出した上で、それらの面の法線ベクトルで分類したり、面を包含する直方体などを定義して、直方体同士の位置関係より指定距離以下にない面の判定を行う（バウンディングボックス判定）ことをしてもよい。 If the surfaces of F1 and F3 are concave (Yes in S14), the process returns to S11. F3 is added to the list L2 holding the surface (S15). If F3 is adjacent to F2 (Yes in S16), the process returns to S11. If there is a face adjacent to F3 that is not included in the list L1 (No in S16), it is added to L2 (S17), and the process returns to S11.
In order to simplify the explanation in the above processing flow, the surface is searched sequentially, but in order to increase the processing speed, after extracting only the plane in advance and classifying by the normal vector of those surfaces, A rectangular parallelepiped that includes a surface may be defined, and a surface that is not less than a specified distance may be determined (bounding box determination) based on the positional relationship between the rectangular parallelepipeds.

図６は形状特定部が規則的に配置されている薄板形状部を特定する処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。まず、３次元データの面（Ｆ１）を順番に調べていく（Ｐ１）。すべての面を調べたら（Ｐ２ではい）処理を終了する。Ｆ１に開口部がなければ（Ｐ３でいいえ）Ｐ１へ戻る。
Ｆ１の開口部の頂点列Ｓ１を順番に調べていく（Ｐ４）。すべての頂点列を調べたら（Ｐ５ではい）Ｐ１へ戻る。Ｆ１の残りの開口部の頂点列Ｓ２を順番に調べていく（Ｐ６）。すべての頂点列を調べたら（Ｐ７ではい）Ｐ４へ戻る。 FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing for specifying a thin plate-shaped portion in which the shape specifying portions are regularly arranged. First, the surface (F1) of the three-dimensional data is examined in order (P1). When all the surfaces have been examined (Yes in P2), the process is terminated. If there is no opening in F1 (No in P3), the process returns to P1.
The vertex row S1 of the opening of F1 is examined in order (P4). When all the vertex rows are examined (Yes in P5), the process returns to P1. The vertex rows S2 of the remaining openings of F1 are examined in order (P6). When all the vertex rows are examined (Yes in P7), the process returns to P4.

Ｓ１の頂点数とＳ２の頂点数が異なれば（Ｐ８でいいえ）Ｐ６へ戻る。Ｓ１、Ｓ２について、Ｓ１、Ｓ２の各々の中心点（頂点座標の平均値）を原点とする座標系でＳ１、Ｓ２の各頂点を再定義する（Ｐ９）。再定義は、各頂点座標値から各々の中心点の座標値を引くことで行う。
Ｓ１のすべての頂点Ｖ１について順番に調べていく（Ｐ１０）。すべての頂点を調べたら（Ｐ１１ではい）Ｐ６へ戻る。Ｓ２のすべての頂点Ｖ２を順番に調べていく（Ｐ１２）。すべての頂点を調べたら（Ｐ１３ではい）Ｐ１０へ戻る。 If the number of vertices in S1 and the number of vertices in S2 are different (No in P8), the process returns to P6. With respect to S1 and S2, the vertices of S1 and S2 are redefined in a coordinate system with the center point (average value of vertex coordinates) of S1 and S2 as the origin (P9). Redefinition is performed by subtracting the coordinate value of each center point from each vertex coordinate value.
All the vertices V1 of S1 are examined in order (P10). When all the vertices have been examined (Yes in P11), the process returns to P6. All the vertices V2 of S2 are examined in order (P12). When all the vertices have been examined (Yes in P13), the process returns to P10.

Ｖ１とＶ２の頂点座標値を調べ同一か否かを調べる（Ｐ１４）。同一でなければＰ１２へ戻る。なお、同一か否かの判定には誤差を含めた判定を行う。Ｓ１はＶ１を開始点とし、Ｓ２はＶ２を開始点とし、Ｓ１、Ｓ２の各頂点を順番に調べて（Ｐ１５）同一か否か調べる（Ｐ１６）。同一でない頂点組がひとつでもあれば、Ｐ６へ戻る。Ｓ１とＳ２は規則的に配置されている穴部として出力し（Ｐ１７）、Ｐ６へ戻る。
上記の処理において、ユーザーがあらかじめ指定した個数以上規則的に配置されている穴部がある場合のみ出力するようにしてもよい。 The vertex coordinate values of V1 and V2 are checked to see if they are the same (P14). If not, return to P12. Note that the determination of whether or not they are the same includes determination including an error. S1 uses V1 as a starting point, S2 uses V2 as a starting point, and checks each vertex of S1 and S2 in order (P15) to determine whether they are the same (P16). If there is one non-identical vertex set, the process returns to P6. S1 and S2 are output as holes arranged regularly (P17), and the process returns to P6.
In the above processing, the output may be performed only when there are holes that are regularly arranged by the number specified by the user in advance.

以上の形状特定部２の処理について、薄板形状部の特定、規則的に配置されている穴部の特定のいずれについても、ユーザーが直接、入力装置５により対象を指定してもよい。また、上記の処理とユーザー指定を組み合わせることで、自動的に対象を特定した後、ユーザーにより個々の特定部位を形状変換部３に与えるか否かの指定をできるようにしてもよい。
次に、形状変換部における処理について説明する。 With respect to the processing of the shape specifying unit 2 described above, the user may directly specify the target with the input device 5 for specifying the thin plate-shaped part and specifying the holes arranged regularly. In addition, by combining the above processing and user designation, after the target is automatically identified, the user may be allowed to designate whether or not to give each specific part to the shape conversion unit 3.
Next, processing in the shape conversion unit will be described.

形状特定部２にて特定された形状部分を構成する面の一部を抽出し、抽出した面を特定された形状の替わりとして表示部４に与えて表示装置６で簡略表示する。形状特定部２にて特定された形状部分を構成する面の一部を抽出する方法として、与えられた薄板形状部２０の面のうち、視点方向を向く面のなかから面積最大な面２１を選んで、それを抽出した面２２とする（図７参照）。   A part of the surface constituting the shape portion specified by the shape specifying unit 2 is extracted, and the extracted surface is given to the display unit 4 instead of the specified shape, and is simply displayed on the display device 6. As a method of extracting a part of the surface constituting the shape part specified by the shape specifying part 2, the surface 21 having the maximum area among the faces facing the viewpoint direction among the given surfaces of the thin plate shape part 20 is selected. The surface 22 is selected and extracted (see FIG. 7).

形状特定部２にて特定された形状から中間面を算出し、算出した面を特定された形状の替わりとして表示部４に与えて表示装置６で簡略表示する。形状特定部２にて特定された形状部分を構成する面から中間面を算出する方法としては、特定された形状部分のなかから法線ベクトルが平行で逆向きの面の組に対して、面の各頂点間の距離から頂点の対応を探索し、対応する頂点間の平均点を新たな頂点とする面２３を算出すればよい（図８参照）。   An intermediate surface is calculated from the shape specified by the shape specifying unit 2, and the calculated surface is given to the display unit 4 as a substitute for the specified shape and is simply displayed on the display device 6. As a method of calculating the intermediate surface from the surfaces constituting the shape part specified by the shape specifying unit 2, a surface vector is obtained from a specified pair of surfaces whose normal vectors are parallel and opposite to each other. The correspondence between the vertices is searched from the distance between the vertices, and the surface 23 having the average point between the corresponding vertices as a new vertex is calculated (see FIG. 8).

形状特定部２にて特定された形状部分を構成する稜線の一部を抽出し、抽出した稜線を特定された形状の替わりとして表示部４に与えて表示装置６で簡略表示する。形状特定部２にて特定された形状部分を構成する稜線の一部を抽出する方法としては、与えられた面を構成する稜線のうち、輪郭線（稜線の両側の面の一方は視点方向向き、もう一方は視点逆方向向き）を選ぶ（図９参照）。あるいは、輪郭線のなかから最長の稜線のみを選んでもよい。   A part of the ridge line constituting the shape part specified by the shape specifying unit 2 is extracted, and the extracted ridge line is given to the display unit 4 as a replacement of the specified shape and is simply displayed on the display device 6. As a method of extracting a part of the ridge line constituting the shape part specified by the shape specifying unit 2, the ridge lines constituting the given surface are contour lines (one of the surfaces on both sides of the ridge line is oriented in the viewpoint direction). , And the other is in the direction opposite to the viewpoint) (see FIG. 9). Alternatively, only the longest edge line may be selected from the contour lines.

表示部４における処理について説明する。表示部４では、３次元データ部１から形状特定部２により特定された形状部を削除したものと、形状変換部３より出力された形状を合成し、隠線処理による線画描画等を行う。このとき、形状特定部により特定された形状部の稜線について、特定部の他の稜線と連結していない端点について、稜線端点を短くするという方法が考えられる（図１０参照）。短くする方法としては、一定値、稜線長に対する割合、あるいはユーザーがキーボード・マウス等によりそれらの長さあるいは割合を入力してもよい。   Processing in the display unit 4 will be described. In the display unit 4, the shape obtained by deleting the shape specified by the shape specifying unit 2 from the three-dimensional data unit 1 and the shape output from the shape conversion unit 3 are combined, and line drawing is performed by hidden line processing. At this time, regarding the ridge line of the shape part specified by the shape specification part, a method of shortening the ridge line end point with respect to the end points not connected to the other ridge lines of the specification part can be considered (see FIG. 10). As a method of shortening, a fixed value, a ratio with respect to a ridge line length, or a user may input the length or ratio by a keyboard / mouse or the like.

薄板形状部の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of a thin plate shape part. 薄板形状部の簡略化前と後の表示例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of a display before and after simplification of a thin plate shape part. 本発明の実施形態に係る３次元形状簡略表示装置の機能ブロック図である。It is a functional block diagram of the 3D shape simplified display device according to the embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の３次元形状簡略表示装置が機能するコンピュータの構成図である。It is a block diagram of a computer in which the three-dimensional shape simplified display device of the present invention functions. 形状特定部が薄板形状部を特定する処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process in which a shape specific part specifies a thin plate shape part. 形状特定部が規則的に配置されている薄板形状部を特定する処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process which pinpoints the thin plate shape part in which the shape specific part is arrange | positioned regularly. 形状変換部の処理の説明図（その１）である。It is explanatory drawing (the 1) of the process of a shape conversion part. 形状変換部の処理の説明図（その２）である。It is explanatory drawing (the 2) of a process of a shape conversion part. 形状変換部の処理の説明図（その３）である。It is explanatory drawing (the 3) of a process of a shape conversion part. 表示部の処理の説明図であるIt is explanatory drawing of a process of a display part.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ ３次元データ部、２ 形状特定部、３ 形状変換部、４ 表示部、５ 入力装置、６ 表示装置   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 3D data part, 2 Shape specific part, 3 Shape conversion part, 4 Display part, 5 Input device, 6 Display apparatus

Claims (2)

３次元形状を保持する３次元データ部と、前記３次元形状についての簡略化する形状部分を特定する形状特定部と、前記形状特定部で特定した前記形状部分を簡略化変換する形状変換部と、前記３次元形状の３次元データを前記形状変換部で前記簡略化変換した前記形状部分を持つように線画により表示装置に表示させる表示部と、を備え、
前記表示部は、前記簡略化変換した前記形状部分に対して、表示される線分を短く表示することで簡略表示することを特徴とする３次元形状簡略表示装置。 And three-dimensional data section for holding the three-dimensional shape, a shape specifying unit for specifying a shaped portion to simplify for the three-dimensional shape, a shape conversion unit for converting simplify the shaped portion identified by the shape identifying unit , and a display unit for displaying more display lines image to have the shaped portion converted the simplified with three-dimensional data the shape conversion unit of the three-dimensional shape,
The three-dimensional shape simplified display device characterized in that the display unit performs a simplified display by displaying a line segment to be displayed short with respect to the simplified shape portion . 請求項１記載の３次元形状簡略表示装置において、前記形状変換部は、前記形状特定部で特定された前記形状部分を構成する稜線の一部を抽出し、当該抽出した稜線を前記表示部に与えることを特徴とする３次元形状簡略表示装置。 In 3-dimensional shape simplified display device according to claim 1, wherein the shape conversion unit extracts a part of the ridge that constitutes the shaped portion which is specified by the shape specifying section, a ridge which the extracted on the display unit A three-dimensional shape simplified display device characterized by giving .
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