JP4843766B2 - Method and apparatus for determining the degree of flowering of cut flowers - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for determining the degree of flowering of a cut flower and a device for determining the degree of flowering that enable the selection of cut flowers by determining the degree of flowering of the cut flower.

  In the area where cut flowers are produced, the number of producers is decreasing due to aging, while the scale of enterprise farmers is increasing, and cultivation techniques for short-cut flowers that meet the needs of home use are being developed.

  In such a production area, in order to provide consumers with cut flowers with high quality and good freshness, harvesting and shipping flowers of a desired flowering degree (before blooming) is performed. For this reason, the determination of the degree of flowering (before blooming) is an important task in the flower harvest preparation.

  Judgment of the degree of flowering (before blooming) is based on changes in flower color, increase in flower diameter, petal opening, balance between stems and leaves, and multifloral cut flowers such as small chrysanthemum. Become. That is, the determination of the degree of flowering is not performed by a single index that represents them, but by comprehensively determining these determination factors. For this reason, no quantitative method for the degree of flowering has been developed, and the current situation is that a skilled worker can only determine the degree of flowering in the production stage.

  In addition, the harvesting work of the flower is divided into several times while the producer determines the degree of flowering (before blooming) in the field, but considering labor-saving of cut flower production, the harvesting work that requires skill is inefficient. It is the biggest obstacle to scale expansion.

  Therefore, in order to make it possible for non-experts to judge the degree of flowering (before blooming), the overall judgment of the degree of flowering (before blooming) made by a skilled person can be compared with the judged object or compared with the actual thing. Methods and methods of issuing publications with photos of the degree of flowering (before blooming) as described in Non-Patent Document 1 and comparing them with these photos have been taken.

"Revised version before cutting flowers", Seibundo Shinkosha, 1994

  In the conventional method of comparing the degree of flowering (before blooming) with a photograph or the real thing, there are cases where the judgment criteria are different due to the subjectivity of the viewer, and there is a problem that the judgment criteria are not objective and reproducible. is there.

  Furthermore, since conventional judgment methods are not quantified, it is difficult to apply to the degree of flowering and selection of cut flowers by machines and non-experts. Since the difference cannot be taken into account, there is a problem that there is a limit to the application of cut flowers other than those shown in photographs and real objects.

  The present invention has an objective and reproducible judgment standard for the degree of flowering (before blooming), and enables selection of cut flowers by machines and non-experts, taking into account individual differences such as the number of flowers and the volume of leaves and leaves. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for determining the degree of flowering of a cut flower that can determine the degree of flowering (before blooming).

  In order to solve such problems, the method for determining the degree of flowering of a cut flower according to the present invention is to shoot a cut flower from the opposite side of the cut flower by irradiating the cut flower with visible light from the opposite side to the stem of the cut flower. The digital image of the cut flowers is scanned and converted into RGB signals, and the converted RGB signals are converted into HSI color system image information having hue, saturation, and luminance as constituent elements based on predetermined conversion information. , Identifying the stem and leaf portion of cut flowers based on predetermined conversion information from the image information converted to the HSI color system, and determining the degree of flowering of the cut flowers based on the identified stem and leaf portions and spikelets It is characterized by calculating a flowering degree value for performing.

  According to the present invention, a digital image obtained by photographing a cut flower is converted into an RGB signal, and the RGB signal is converted into image information of an HSI color system having hue, saturation, and luminance as constituent elements, whereby the photographed cut flower is obtained. This digital image can be converted into image information that is close to the state that human eyes feel. Further, by identifying the stem and leaf portions and cut flower portions of cut flowers from the image information converted into the HSI color system, it is possible to identify these portions that humans feel. As a result, it becomes possible to determine the degree of flowering of cut flowers in consideration of individual differences such as the number of flowers and the volume of stems and leaves, and it can be applied to most cut flower items and varieties except for exceptional varieties. Further, since the degree of flowering of cut flowers is quantified based on the identified stem and leaf parts and spikelets, it is possible to objectively and reproducibly determine the degree of flowering of cut flowers. For this reason, it is possible to determine the degree of flowering by a machine or an unskilled person and to apply to selection of cut flowers.

  Further, according to the present invention, when the image information converted into the HSI color system has a luminance of a predetermined value or more and the hue is green, it is identified as a cut-and-leave part of a cut flower, and the luminance is a predetermined value or more and the hue is green. It is characterized in that it is identified as a cocoon part when it is other than a system.

  According to the present invention, when the luminance of the image information converted into the HSI color system is equal to or higher than a predetermined value and the hue is green, it is identified as a cut-and-leave part of a cut flower, and the luminance is equal to or higher than the predetermined value and the hue is green. By identifying the flower portion when it is other than the system, this identification method is applicable to most cut flower items and varieties, and is excellent in versatility. In addition, it is possible to judge the degree of flowering of cut flowers in consideration of flowering processes such as “whitening of the eyelids” and “development of the jaw” that occur before the expansion and development of the petals.

  The flowering degree value according to the present invention is calculated by logarithmically converting the ratio of the number of pixels of the identified spikelet portion and the number of pixels of the foliage portion.

  According to the present invention, the ratio of the number of pixels of the bud portion and the number of pixels of the foliage portion, for which the flowering degree value has been identified, is calculated by logarithmically transforming the number of pixels of the foliage portion and the number of pixels of the bud portion. Even if there is an exponential difference, the difference can be compressed to facilitate graphing, and the flowering degree value to be digitized can be within a predetermined range.

  The apparatus for determining the degree of flowering of a cut flower according to the present invention is a color image reading means that scans a digital image of a cut flower taken from the top of the cut flower from the side opposite to the stem of the cut flower and outputs an RGB signal (for example, the CCD in the embodiment). Color system conversion means for converting RGB signals output by the camera 30) and the color image reading means into HSI color system image information having hue, saturation, and luminance as constituent elements based on predetermined conversion information. (For example, the display system conversion unit 41 in the embodiment) and the stem and leaf portions and cut flower portions of cut flowers are identified based on predetermined conversion information from the HSI color system image information converted by the color system conversion means. And an identification calculation means for calculating a flowering degree value for determining the degree of flowering of the cut flower based on the identified stem and leaf part and spiked flower part (for example, the identification performance in the embodiment). Characterized in that it has a part 43) and.

  According to the present invention, a digital image of cut flowers photographed by the color image reading unit is converted into an RGB signal, and the RGB signal is converted by the color system conversion unit into the HSI color system having hue, saturation, and luminance as components. By converting to the image information, it is possible to convert the captured digital image of the cut flower into image information that is close to the state that the human eye feels. Further, by identifying the stems and leaves of cut flowers from the image information converted into the HSI color system by the identification calculation means, it becomes possible to identify these parts that humans feel. As a result, it becomes possible to determine the degree of flowering of cut flowers in consideration of individual differences such as the number of flowers and the volume of stems and leaves, and it can be applied to most cut flower items and varieties except for exceptional varieties. In addition, since the degree of flowering of cut flowers is quantified based on the identified stem and leaf part and spiked flower part, it is possible to objectively and reproducibly determine the degree of flowering of cut flowers, and by an unskilled person It can be applied to judge the degree of flowering and to select cut flowers.

  According to the method and apparatus for determining the degree of flowering of a cut flower according to the present invention, a digital image of a photographed cut flower is converted into an RGB signal, and this is an HSI color system having hue, saturation, and luminance as components. The image information is converted into the image information, and the stem and leaf portion and the spike portion of the cut flower are identified from the image information, and the flowering degree value for determining the flowering degree of the cut flower based on the identified stem and leaf portion and the spike flower portion is calculated. Therefore, the degree of flowering (before blooming) can be determined objectively and reproducibly, and the selection of cut flowers by machines and non-experts is possible. Individuals such as the number of flowers and the volume of leaves It is possible to provide a method for determining the degree of flowering of a cut flower and a device for determining the degree of flowering that can determine the degree of flowering (before blooming) in consideration of the difference between the two.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a method and apparatus for determining the degree of flowering of cut flowers according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. First, before explaining the method for judging the degree of flowering of cut flowers according to the present invention, a device for judging the degree of flowering will be explained.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (configuration diagram), the degree of flowering determination device 1 includes an illumination device 10 that houses cut flowers F and applies light, a CCD camera 30 that captures the cut flowers F from the zenith side of the cut flowers F, and a CCD camera. And a personal computer 40 that calculates the flowering degree value for determining the degree of flowering of the cut flower F by processing the image of the cut flower F photographed by 30.

  The illuminating device 10 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape and includes a housing portion 11 having a space portion 11a in which the cut flower F can be housed, a mounting table 15 provided in the housing portion 11 on which the cut flower F is placed, and a mounting table 15 The illumination part 20 which irradiates visible light from the top | zenith side of the cut flower F mounted is comprised. The accommodating portion 11 is provided with at least one of an upper plate 11b, left and right side plates 11c and 11d, and a rear plate 11e so as to be freely opened and closed, thereby facilitating the insertion and removal of cut flowers F into the space portion 11a. On the inner surfaces of the top plate 11b, the left and right side plates 11c and 11d, the rear plate 11e, and the bottom plate 11f arranged around the cut flower F placed on the mounting table 15, a black curtain or black drawing paper is attached to the shooting object. The reflected light from the background portion of the cut flower F is suppressed. Even if the inner surfaces of the upper plate 11b, the left and right side plates 11c, 11d, the rear plate 11e, and the bottom plate 11f are painted black, the reflected light from the background portion of the cut flower F is suppressed, or a black rubber plate is attached. Good. Moreover, the illumination part 20 is not restricted to the case where it arrange | positions at the zenith side of the cut flower F, You may make it arrange | position so that visible light may be irradiated to the top part of the cut flower F from the diagonal direction. A mounting hole 11g1 for mounting the CCD camera 30 is provided at the center of the front plate 11g.

  The mounting table 15 includes a mounting portion 16 that extends along the housing portion 11 and has a downwardly curved convex shape. The tip of the placement unit 16 is disposed at a position having a predetermined distance inward of the space from the illumination unit 20, and the cut flower F in a state where the top of the cut flower F protrudes from the tip of the placement unit 16 is placed. It can be placed. For this reason, the buds and flowers (the bud portion Fa) of the cut flower F do not overlap each other, and the reliability of the flowering degree value of the cut flower F described later can be improved. In addition, the influence of reflected light can be reduced more by making the inner surface and outer surface of the mounting table 15 black.

  The illumination unit 20 is formed in an annular shape, and is attached to the inner surface of the front plate 11g so as to surround the mounting hole 11g1. For this reason, the illumination unit 20 can irradiate the cut flower F from the zenith side of the cut flower F. The illumination unit 20 emits visible light having a constant illuminance, and is lit by receiving power supply from a power source (not shown).

  The CCD camera 30 scans the captured digital image and outputs RGB signals. The RGB signals are sent to the personal computer 40 via the cable K. The CCD camera 30 is ready to take a picture by receiving power from a power source (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 2 (block diagram), the personal computer 40 uses the RGB signal output from the CCD camera 30 based on predetermined conversion information as an HSI color system image having hue, saturation, and luminance as components. The color system conversion unit 41 that converts the information into information, and the spiked portion Fa and the foliage of the cut flower F shown in FIG. 1 based on the predetermined conversion information from the image information of the HSI color system converted by the color system conversion unit 41 An identification calculation unit 43 that identifies the part Fb and calculates a flowering degree value for determining the flowering degree of the cut flower F based on the identified spiked flower part Fa and stem and leaf part Fb, and is calculated by the identification calculation part 43 And a display unit 45 for displaying the flowering degree value on the display 46.

  As shown in FIG. 3 (schematic diagram), the HSI color system image information converted by the color system conversion unit 41 is composed of hue information, saturation information, and luminance information, and is close to human vision. Image information.

  2 recognizes the background portion of cut flowers when the luminance of the image information converted into the HSI color system is smaller than a predetermined value (set value), and the hue is higher than the predetermined value and the hue is higher than the predetermined value. When the color is green and the saturation is within a predetermined range, the cut flower is identified as a stem and leaf part, and when the luminance is not less than a predetermined value and the hue is other than green, the flower part is identified. Note that the upper limit value (threshold value) of the luminance for recognizing the background portion can be set to an arbitrary value.

  Here, FIG. 4 shows an example of conversion of the image processed by the identification calculation unit 43. The three images shown in the upper part of FIG. 4 are pictures of images taken from the zenith side of the cut flowers of the three cut flowers having different degrees of flowering (shown as visual classifications 1, 5, and 9 in the figure). These three images are pictures of images obtained by identifying these captured images. The picture of the photographed image is represented by a black background (light gray indicated by dots in the drawing), a foliage portion by green (in the drawing, white indicating a portion surrounded by an infinite solid line), The flower part is represented in white or purple (in the drawing, white or dark gray indicating a part surrounded by a circular and elliptical solid line). On the other hand, in the picture of the lower image after the identification processing, the background portion of the cut flower is represented by black (light gray indicated by dots in the drawing), and the stem and leaf portion of the flower is surrounded by green (indefinite solid line in the drawing). The white portion indicating the portion of the cut flower is represented by red (the dark gray portion indicating the portion surrounded by an indefinite solid line in the drawing). Thus, by adopting a method of distinguishing between green and others (red in the examples) except for black, buds with a low flowering degree can be identified as green (stems and leaves), and prior to the expansion and development of petals. The part (the part indicated by a and b in the figure) that has a flowering process of “green is lost” such as “whitening of the eyelid” or “development of the jaw” can be distinguished from red (the part of the iris). . Therefore, except for exceptional varieties, this identification method can be applied to most cut flower items and varieties, and is excellent in versatility.

2 calculates a flowering degree value (hereinafter, referred to as “F / G value”) by logarithmically converting the ratio of the number of pixels of the identified spikelet portion and the number of pixels of the foliage portion. . That is, the F / G value is expressed by the following equation. F / G value = log _e (100 × (number of pixels in bud portion / number of pixels in foliage portion)). Here, the number of pixels of the bud portion refers to the number of pixels (pixel number) of the CCD that has captured the portion identified as the bud portion, and the number of pixels of the foliage portion refers to the portion identified as the foliage portion. This refers to the number of pixels (number of pixels) of the imaged CCD.

  The graph shown in FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the F / G value and the visual classification. In this graph, the horizontal axis indicates the visual classification (visual determination) indicated by the grade classification of 1 to 10, and the vertical axis indicates the F / G value × 10, the ratio (%) of the number of colored flowers of cut flowers, and the like. . As shown by the solid line in this graph, it can be seen that the F / G value shows a stable linearity in a wide range with respect to the visual classification. Other measured values (petal length, flower diameter, flower height, ratio of number of colored rings) have no linearity with respect to the visual classification and cannot represent the visual classification.

  The graph shown in FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the F / G value and the progress of flowering for three varieties (Hiroshima Beni, Minoru and Yayoi). The horizontal axis of the graph represents the flowering solution after flowering. The number of days of processing is shown, and the vertical axis shows the F / G value. From this graph, the F / G value consistently monotonically increased for all varieties, and it is sufficient to exclude extremely hard rice cakes (treatment day 0) and full bloom at the consumer stage (treatment days 8 to 10). It can be seen that the F / G value can be an objective index indicating the progress of the degree of flowering.

  Furthermore, the graph shown in FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the F / G value and the judgment of the degree of flowering (before blooming) by the producer. The horizontal axis of the graph shows the F / G value, and the vertical axis Indicates the percentage (%) at which the producer replied that it was the optimal shipping time or the shipping time. In this graph, the F / G value is an independent variable, and between this F / G value and the ratio of producers determined to be shippable (or shipping optimal), a logistic as shown by a solid line and a broken line is shown. An approximate model by regression can be estimated. Then, for example, assuming that the response ratio of 50% of the approximate model is the degree of flowering that can be shipped or is optimal for shipment (before blooming), as shown by the arrow at the center of the graph, the producer's judgment is quantified by the F / G value. be able to. For example, the degree of flowering that can be shipped is digitized as an F / G value (2.0 to 4.0), or the flowering degree that is optimal for shipment is digitized as an F / G value (2.6 to 3.5). Can do.

  The flowering degree value calculated in this way is displayed on the display 46 by the display unit 45 shown in FIG. For this reason, the operator can easily determine the degree of flowering of cut flowers simply by visually observing the degree of flowering displayed on the display 46.

  Next, a method for determining the degree of flowering of cut flowers will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 1, the upper plate 11b configured to be openable and closable is opened, and the cut flower F is placed on the mounting table 15 in a state where the posture of the cut flower F is changed so that the top of the cut flower F faces the illumination unit 20 side. put on top. At this time, the top of the cut flower F is projected from the tip of the mounting table 15 so that the buds and flowers do not overlap each other. Then, the opened upper plate 11b is closed, the illumination unit 20 is turned on, and the personal computer 40 and the CCD camera 30 are operated.

  Then, the cut flower F is photographed by the CCD camera 30. The photographed image of cut flower F is converted into RGB signals and output from the CCD camera 30. The RGB signals are sent to the personal computer 40 through the cable K. The personal computer 40 converts the RGB signal into image information of the HSI color system, identifies the foliage portion Fb, the spike portion Fa and the background portion of the cut flower F from the image information converted into the HSI color system, and this identification The flowering degree value of the cut flower F is calculated based on the image information of the stem and leaf part Fb and the spiked flower part Fa, and the flowering degree value is displayed on the display 46.

  Thus, since the flowering degree value of the cut flower F is calculated and displayed on the display 46, the subjectivity of the operator can be excluded in determining the flowering degree (before blooming). For this reason, the judgment standard of the degree of flowering becomes objective and can be given reproducibility. As a result, it is possible to select the cut flowers F by a machine or an unskilled person. In addition, the degree of flowering is also quantified by the above-described method for calculating the degree of flowering of cut flowers F with the number of flowers and the volume of stems and leaves. it can.

  In the above-described embodiment, the upper limit value (threshold value) of the luminance for recognizing the background portion of the cut flower F can be arbitrarily set. However, this threshold value setting may be automated. For example, an image of only a background that does not include a cut flower is acquired in advance, and a value obtained by subtracting the luminance value of the background image acquired in advance from the luminance value of the cut flower image that determines the degree of flowering is set as the true luminance value of the cut flower. Thus, disturbance of the background portion can be removed.

  In addition, by setting the threshold candidates in order from the smallest luminance value, and using Otsu's method or the like that determines the luminance value that maximizes the variance between the two classes divided by the threshold as the threshold, the foliage part You may make it identify Fb and the flower part Fa automatically.

The schematic block diagram of the flowering degree judgment apparatus of the cut flower concerning one embodiment of this invention is shown. The block diagram of the personal computer which is a part of this flowering degree judgment apparatus is shown. The schematic diagram of the image information converted into the HSI color system is shown. The photographed image and processed image of cut flowers are shown. It is the graph which showed the relationship between F / G value and visual classification. It is a graph which shows the relationship between progress of a flowering grade, and F / G value. It is a graph which shows the relationship between F / G value and the judgment of the flowering degree by a producer's visual observation.

Explanation of symbols

1 Flowering degree judging device 30 CCD camera (color image reading means)
41 Display system conversion unit (display system conversion means)
43. Identification calculation unit (identification calculation means)
F Cut flower Fa Camellia part Fb Stem and leaf part

Claims (4)

Shooting the cut flower from the opposite side by irradiating the cut flower with visible light from the opposite side of the cut flower stem from the top of the cut flower,
Scan the digital image of the cut flower that was taken and convert it to RGB signal,
The converted RGB signal is converted into image information of an HSI color system having hue, saturation, and luminance as components based on predetermined conversion information,
Identifying the stem and leaf part and the spike part of the cut flower based on the predetermined conversion information from the image information converted to the HSI color system,
A method for determining the degree of flowering of a cut flower, wherein a flowering degree value for determining the degree of flowering of the cut flower is calculated based on image information of the identified stem and leaf part and spiked flower part.   The image information converted into the HSI color system is identified as a stem and leaf portion of the cut flower when the luminance is a predetermined value or more and the hue is a green system, and the luminance is a predetermined value or more and the hue The method for determining the degree of flowering of cut flowers according to claim 1, wherein when the flower is other than green, the flower part is identified.   The degree of flowering degree of cut flowers according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flowering degree value is calculated by logarithmically converting a ratio between the number of pixels of the identified spikelet part and the number of pixels of the foliage part. Method. A color image reading means for scanning a digital image of the cut flower taken from the opposite side of the cut flower stem from the top of the cut flower and outputting an RGB signal;
A color system conversion means for converting the RGB signal output by the color image reading means into image information of an HSI color system having hue, saturation, and luminance as components based on predetermined conversion information;
Based on predetermined conversion information from the HSI color system image information converted by the color system conversion means, the foliage part and the spike part of the cut flower are identified, and based on the identified foliage part and the spike part. And a discrimination calculation means for calculating a flowering degree value for judging the flowering degree of the cut flower.

Images