JP4830746B2 - Illumination device and liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lighting device and a liquid crystal display device.

  Some reflective liquid crystal display devices include a front light device that illuminates a liquid crystal panel from the front surface for use in an environment where external light is insufficient.

  As a front light device, there is a device that transmits light from a light source disposed beside a liquid crystal panel to a light guide plate disposed on the front surface of the liquid crystal panel and refracts the light from a groove provided in the light guide plate to guide the liquid crystal panel. In this front light device, the light introduced into the light guide plate may be refracted to the liquid crystal panel side by the groove and refracted in the reverse direction, that is, the observer side. In this case, the light refracted in the reverse direction is observed. The contrast of the liquid crystal display device may be reduced.

  Some front light devices have organic electroluminescence (EL) elements (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). The front light device is disposed opposite to the front surface of the liquid crystal panel, and the organic EL element is patterned with a cathode or the like so as to emit light in a grid pattern, for example.

JP 2006-154402 A JP 2000-267097 A

  In the front light device, the light emitting portion and the wiring portion generally block the light reflected by the liquid crystal panel, so that the intensity of the reflected light extracted through the front light device is reduced. That is, the light emitting portion is considered to be one of the factors that reduce the light extraction efficiency.

  The objective of this invention is providing the illuminating device and liquid crystal display device which can improve the extraction efficiency of light.

The lighting device according to the present invention is connected to a substrate, a plurality of light emitting layers provided on the substrate, two electrodes facing each other with the light emitting layer interposed therebetween, and one of the two electrodes. A first wiring also serving as one electrode; a light-transmitting layer provided in contact with the substrate; surrounding the light-emitting portion; and being connected to the other of the two electrodes; and the light-emitting layer; A second wiring formed in a region where the translucent layer is provided at a position not facing the first wiring, and the first wiring and the second wiring are made of a translucent material and have a pattern intersecting each other. It is characterized by that .

Moreover, it is preferable that the organic electroluminescent element is comprised by having two electrodes which oppose on both sides of the said light emitting layer .

Further, the other electrode is a cathode connected to the light emitting layer of the organic electroluminescence element , and the cathode is made of a material different from that of the second wiring, from the position facing the light emitting layer. It is preferable that the second wiring extends toward a region where the second wiring is provided and is connected to the second wiring.

  The cathode preferably has a light-transmitting property, and light from the light emitting layer is preferably emitted through the cathode.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said organic electroluminescent element further has a light shielding layer on the opposite side to the said cathode with respect to the said light emitting layer.

  Further, it is preferable that the cathode has a light shielding property, and light from the light emitting layer is emitted through the first wiring.

  Further, it is preferable that the first wiring also serves as an anode of the organic electroluminescence element.

The translucent layer preferably has a refractive index substantially equal to that of the substrate .

In addition, it is preferable that a translucent counter substrate facing the substrate via the light emitting layer is further provided, and the counter substrate is in contact with the translucent layer and has a refractive index substantially equal to that of the translucent layer.

A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes the illuminating device and a reflective or transflective liquid crystal panel provided to face the illuminating device, and the illuminating device serves as a front light device. It characterized that you have been opposed to the front.

  In addition, it is preferable that the patterns for the first wiring and the second wiring are substantially equal to the pixel pitch of the liquid crystal panel.

  With the above structure, an illumination device and a liquid crystal display device that can improve light extraction efficiency can be provided.

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a liquid crystal display device 50 according to an embodiment. The liquid crystal display device 50 includes a reflective or transflective liquid crystal panel 60 and an illumination device (or illumination panel) 70 provided to face the liquid crystal panel 60. Here, the illumination device 70 is disposed on the viewer side of the liquid crystal panel 60 and is used as a front light device of the liquid crystal panel 60. Although a detailed description of the liquid crystal panel 60 is omitted, various reflective or transflective liquid crystal panels can be applied. For example, the liquid crystal panel 60 includes a polarizing plate (not shown) on the illumination device 70 side. There is also a case.

  2 and 3 are a sectional view and a plan view for explaining the lighting device 70, and FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged plan view. Moreover, sectional views taken along lines 5-5, 6-6 and 7-7 in FIG. 4 are shown in FIGS. It should be noted that some of the elements are not shown in order to avoid complication of the drawing. For example, the wiring 88 shown in FIG. 5 is omitted in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the substrate shown in the sectional view of FIG. 72, 74, etc. are omitted in the plan view of FIG.

  The lighting device 70 includes a pair of light-transmitting substrates 72 and 74 that face each other. Between the pair of substrates 72 and 74, a plurality of light emitting element portions 76 and a first wiring (or a first wiring) are provided. Layer) 86, second wiring (or second wiring layer) 88, translucent layer 90, and seal 96. In order to avoid the complexity of the drawing, the light emitting element portion 76 is schematically shown by a broken line in FIG.

  In the illuminating device 70, the light emission L (see FIG. 2) from the light emitting element unit 76 is applied to the liquid crystal panel 60 through the translucent substrate 74 facing the substrate 72 on which the light emitting element unit 76 is arranged (so-called “so-called”). Top emission type).

  In the lighting device 70, a plurality of light emitting element portions 76 are arranged in a distributed manner (here, a case where they are scattered in a matrix shape is illustrated), and power is supplied to these light emitting element portions 76 via wirings 86 and 88. Is done. Each light emitting element portion 76 is smaller than the pixel 62 (three pixels 62 are schematically illustrated in FIG. 1) of the liquid crystal panel 60, and thus is configured in a dot shape as compared with the entire illumination device 70. ing.

  Here, the case where each light emitting element part 76 is comprised with an organic electroluminescent (EL) element is illustrated, and the light emitting element part 76 is also called the organic EL element 76 hereafter. Each organic EL element 76 includes an anode (or anode) 78, a light emitting layer 80, a cathode (or cathode) 82, and a light shielding layer 84.

  The translucent substrates 72 and 74 are made of, for example, a transparent glass plate. Here, it is assumed that the substrate 72 is positioned on the viewer side, and the substrate 74 is positioned on the liquid crystal panel 60 side facing the substrate 72 via the organic EL element 76 and the like.

  The first wiring 86 has translucency and is made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide). The 1st wiring 86 is arrange | positioned on the translucent board | substrate 72 (refer FIG. 5 etc.). Here, a case where the first wiring 86 has a pattern including one trunk portion 86a and a plurality of branch portions 86b branched from the trunk portion 86a to the same side and extending in parallel is illustrated (FIG. 3). reference).

  The light emitting layer 80 faces one of the branch portions 86b of the first wiring 86 (see FIG. 5 and the like), and one branch portion 86b is provided with a plurality of light emitting layers 80 (see FIG. 3 and the like). ). The light emitting layer 80 does not face the second wiring 88. The light emitting layer 80 has a configuration in which, for example, a hole transport layer, an organic light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer are stacked.

  The anode 78 is disposed between the light emitting layer 80 and the branch portion 86 b of the first wiring 86 and is connected to the light emitting layer 80. The anode 78 is made of, for example, ITO.

  The cathode 82 faces the anode 78 through the light emitting layer 80 and is connected to the light emitting layer 80 (see FIG. 5 and the like). The cathode 82 is made of, for example, a magnesium-silver alloy (Mg-Ag alloy), and is composed of a lithium-aluminum alloy (Li-Al alloy), a magnesium-indium alloy (Mg-In alloy), aluminum (Al), and gold (Au). , Silver (Ag) or the like can be used. The cathode 82 is made of a material different from that of the wirings 86 and 88. The cathode 82 has translucency in order to take out the light L emitted from the light emitting layer 80 through the cathode 82 and emit it to the translucent substrate 74 side, that is, the liquid crystal panel 60 side. For the cathode materials exemplified above, for example, the transmittance can be adjusted by the film thickness, and a translucent film can be formed (so-called semi-transmissive film).

  The light shielding layer 84 is disposed between the anode 78 and the branch portion 86 b of the first wiring 86, and is located on the opposite side of the light emitting layer 80 from the cathode 82. The light shielding layer 84 prevents the light emission L (see FIG. 2) from the light emitting layer 80 from being emitted to the translucent substrate 72 side, that is, the observer side. The light shielding layer 84 is made of, for example, a metal material such as aluminum, chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), Mo (molybdenum), gold (Au), silver (Ag), or chromium oxide. More preferably, the light shielding layer 84 is made of a material having a high reflectance with respect to the light emission L. In this case, not only the light shielding function but also the light transmission L is reflected and the liquid crystal panel 60 side is reflected. The intensity (or light quantity) of the light emitted to the side can be relatively increased. According to the materials exemplified above, it is possible to realize both a light shielding function and a reflection function. The light shielding layer 84 has conductivity, and connects the anode 78 and the branch portion 86 b of the first wiring 86. That is, the light shielding layer 84 forms a part of the power supply path between the anode 78 and the first wiring 86. According to the materials exemplified above, the conductive light shielding layer 84 can be configured. Note that, as in the lighting device 70B shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8, the light emitting layer 80 is stacked on the first wiring 86 and the first wiring 86 also serves as an anode (the above-described anode 78 can be omitted). A light shielding layer 84 may be provided between the first wiring 86 and the substrate 72 so as to face the light emitting layer 80. In this case, the light shielding layer 84 can be formed of a resin material such as a black polymer material as well as a conductive metal material.

  An insulating layer 92 that constitutes a part of the light-transmitting layer 90 is disposed on the light-transmitting substrate 72 (see FIGS. 2 and 5). The insulating layer 92 is disposed on the substrate 72 so as to cover the first wiring 86 and is in contact with the substrate 72. 4 and the like exemplify a case where the insulating layer 92 is patterned into a plurality of portions and each portion surrounds the light emitting layer 80 and the like, and the adjacent portions are not in contact with each other. FIG. The case where the light emitting layer 80 etc. are enclosed so that the space between adjacent light emitting layers 80 etc. may be filled is illustrated. 2 illustrates the case where the insulating layer 92 surrounds the light shielding layer 84 and the anode 78, and FIG. 5 illustrates the case where the insulating layer 92 also surrounds the light emitting layer 80 in addition to the two layers 84 and 78 described above. Yes. The insulating layer 92 is made of a material having a refractive index (about 1.5) substantially equal to that of the translucent substrates 72 and 74, for example, silicon oxide.

  The second wiring 88 has translucency and is made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO. The second wiring 88 may be composed of the same material as the first wiring 86 or may be composed of a different material. Here, a case where the second wiring 88 has a pattern including one trunk portion 88a and a plurality of branch portions 88b branched from the trunk portion 88a to the same side and extending in parallel is illustrated (FIG. 3). Etc.). The branch portion 88b of the second wiring 88 extends so as to intersect with the branch portion 86b of the first wiring 86 in plan view (see FIG. 3 and the like). Here, the case where the branch portions 86b and 88b are orthogonal to each other and the intersection portions of the branch portions 86b and 88b are dispersed in a matrix is illustrated. The branch portion 88 b of the second wiring 88 extends through the vicinity of the light emitting layer 80.

  An insulating layer 92 is interposed between the branch portions 86b and 88b, thereby preventing contact between the wirings 86 and 88 at the intersection (see FIG. 7 and the like). The insulating layer 92 exists at least at the intersection. When the insulating layer 92 is patterned in a plurality of portions as illustrated in FIG. 4 and the like, the second wiring 88 extends on the insulating layer 92 and the substrate 72. However, in this case, the wirings 86 and 88 are partially disposed in the same layer (same layer), that is, on the substrate 72. In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 2, when the insulating layer 92 fills between the adjacent light emitting layers 80 and the like, the second wiring 88 is disposed on the insulating layer 92 and does not contact the substrate 72. It is also possible to arrange.

  The second wiring 88 is connected to the cathode 82 on the insulating layer 92. Specifically, the cathode 82 faces the light emitting layer 80, extends on the insulating layer 92 toward the branch portion 88b of the second wiring 88, and is in contact with the branch portion 88b.

  As a result, the cathode of the power source is connected to the second wiring 88 and the anode of the power source is connected to the first wiring 86, whereby electric power is supplied to the organic EL element 76 (see FIG. 3).

  The translucent layer 90 includes the insulating layer 92 and the insulating layer 94 (see FIG. 2). The insulating layer 94 is provided in contact with the organic EL element 76, the wirings 86 and 88, and the insulating layer 92, and is filled between the substrates 72 and 74. The insulating layer 94 is in contact with at least the substrate 74, and the insulating layer 94 is also in contact with the substrate 72 when the insulating layer 92 is patterned in a plurality of portions as illustrated in FIG. As illustrated in FIG. 2, when the insulating layer 92 fills between the adjacent light emitting layers 80 and the like, the insulating layer 94 may be provided so as not to contact the substrate 72. The insulating layer 94 is made of a material having substantially the same refractive index (about 1.5) as the translucent substrates 72 and 74, for example, various resins such as epoxy. That is, the entire translucent layer 90 is in contact with the translucent substrates 72 and 74 and has a refractive index substantially equal to that of the substrates 72 and 74. The light transmissive layer 90 surrounds each organic EL element 76.

  The seal 96 is disposed along the peripheral edges of the substrates 72 and 74, and the substrates 72 and 74 are bonded and fixed to each other.

  Here, in the arrangement direction of the branch portions 86b of the first wiring 86, the pitch 76y of the organic EL elements 76 is substantially equal to the pitch 86y of the branch portions 86b, and is substantially equal to the pitch 62y of the pixels 62 (FIG. 1 and FIG. 3). Similarly, in the arrangement direction of the branch portions 88b of the second wiring 88, the pitch 76x of the organic EL elements 76 is substantially equal to the pitch 88x of the branch portions 88b (see FIG. 3), and is substantially equal to the pitch of the pixels 62. The pitches 76y and 76x of the organic EL elements 76 may be n times or 1 / n the pitch of the pixels 62. Note that the organic EL element 76 may face any location in the pixel 62.

  The illumination device 70 is manufactured as follows, for example. First, the first wiring 86, the light shielding layer 84, and the anode 78 are sequentially formed on the substrate 72. Thereafter, the insulating layer 92 is formed. Next, the light emitting layer 80, the second wiring 88, and the cathode 82 are sequentially patterned. Each element can be formed and patterned by, for example, various known methods. Next, a seal 96 is applied to the periphery of the substrate 72. Then, for example, an epoxy-based adhesive constituting the insulating layer 94 is dropped on the substrate 72 to fill the area surrounded by the seal 96. Thereafter, the substrate 74 is stacked to cure the adhesive and the seal 96. The seal 96 may be temporarily cured before the adhesive is dropped, or the insulating layer 94 may be temporarily cured before the substrate 74 is stacked.

  The illuminating device 70 is disposed with the translucent substrate 74 facing the liquid crystal panel 60 (see FIG. 1). In this arrangement state, light emission L from the organic EL element 76 passes through the cathode 82, the translucent layer 90, and the translucent substrate 74, is introduced into the liquid crystal panel 60, is reflected by the liquid crystal panel 60, and is translucent. Passing through the transparent substrate 74, the translucent layer 90, and the translucent substrate 72, reaches the observer.

  According to the above configuration, since the organic EL elements 76 are scattered, the aperture ratio can be increased as compared with a case where the organic EL elements 76 are extended in a lattice shape, for example. The aperture ratio can also be improved by the light-transmitting wirings 86 and 88.

  In addition, since the wirings 86 and 88 are patterned, interference due to a difference in refractive index between the wirings 86 and 88 and the translucent substrate 72 and the like can be reduced at the gap portion in the pattern. Loss can be suppressed. Further, the translucent layer 90 is in contact with the translucent substrate 72 through the gap portions of the patterns of the wirings 86 and 88, and the refractive index of the translucent layer 90 is substantially equal to the refractive index of the translucent substrate 72. Since they are equal, interference between the light-transmitting layer 90 and the light-transmitting substrate 72, that is, optical loss can be suppressed. In addition, the light transmissive layer 90 is also in contact with the light transmissive substrate 74, and optical loss due to the light transmissive layer 90 and the light transmissive substrate 74 can be suppressed.

  Therefore, according to the illumination device 70, the light extraction efficiency is improved by increasing the aperture ratio and reducing the optical loss. Here, the light extraction efficiency can be defined, for example, by the ratio of the intensity of the emitted light that finally reaches the observer with respect to the emitted intensity of the light emitting element portion.

  The lattice-shaped organic EL element may be configured without patterning only the cathode in a lattice shape and patterning the light emitting layer, for example. In this case, the end of the cathode also emits light, and as a result, light leakage may occur. On the other hand, since the organic EL element 76 is patterned and the light emitting part is covered with the light shielding layer 84, light leakage can be prevented.

  Further, as described above, the pattern pitch in the wirings 86 and 88 and the pitch of the organic EL elements 76 are substantially equal to the pitch of the pixels 62, so that moire can be suppressed.

  The top emission type lighting devices 70 and 70B have been described above. Next, a bottom emission type lighting device 70C will be described with reference to the cross-sectional view of FIG. The illuminating device 70C can constitute the liquid crystal display device 50 (see FIG. 1) instead of the illuminating devices 70 and 70B. 9 corresponds to FIG.

  In the illumination device 70 </ b> C, the light emitting element portion 76, the first wiring 86, the second wiring 88, and the insulating layer 90 are disposed on the light transmitting substrate 74 on the liquid crystal panel 60 side. These elements 76, 86, 88, and 90 are basically configured in the same manner as in the case of the lighting device 70 except for the difference in the substrates to be arranged. In the illuminating device 70 </ b> C, the light L emitted from the light emitting element unit 76 is emitted to the liquid crystal panel 60 through the translucent substrate 74 on which the light emitting element unit 76 is arranged (so-called bottom emission type).

  Here, the case where each light emitting element part 76 is comprised with an organic EL element is illustrated. In the illumination device 70 </ b> C, the organic EL element 76 includes a light emitting layer 80 and a cathode 82. The light emitting layer 80 and the cathode 82 are stacked on the branch portion 86b of the first wiring 86 in this order. The light emitting layer 80 can be configured in the same manner as the lighting device 70 described above. The cathode 82 is made of, for example, aluminum, and can be made of other materials described above. In the illuminating device 70C, the cathode 82 also functions as a light shielding layer, and prevents the emitted light L from being emitted to the translucent substrate 72 side, that is, the observer side. The cathode 82 is more preferably made of a material having a high reflectance with respect to the light emission L, and in this case, the intensity of light emitted to the liquid crystal panel 60 side through the first wiring 86 can be increased. In the illumination device 70 </ b> C, the first wiring 86 also serves as the anode of the organic EL element 76.

  The other configuration of the illumination device 70C is the same as that of the illumination device 70 described above.

  According to the lighting device 70C, the same effect as the lighting device 70 can be obtained. Further, in the lighting device 70C, the number of manufacturing steps is less than that of the lighting device 70 because the cathode 82 also serves as the light shielding layer and the first wiring 86 also serves as the anode.

  Note that the structure of the organic EL element 76 is not limited to the above example. Further, the light emitting element portion 76 can be constituted by other light emitting elements such as an inorganic EL or a light emitting diode (LED) instead of the organic EL element. Further, the shape of the wirings 86 and 88 may not be linear, and may be meandering, for example. In addition, the light emitting element portions 76 can be arranged in a delta arrangement, for example. Further, the number of the various elements, for example, the number of the light-emitting element portion 76, the branch portions 86b and 88b, the layers constituting the light-transmitting layer 90, and the like is not limited to the above example.

  Moreover, although the case where the liquid crystal panel 60 and the illuminating device 70 are in direct contact is illustrated in FIG. 1, both the 60 and 70 may be arranged apart from each other, or both the 60 and 70 may be bonded with an adhesive. It may be glued. In addition, a light-transmitting substrate (not shown) of the liquid crystal panel 60 can be used as the light-transmitting substrate 74 on the liquid crystal panel 60 side.

  Moreover, although the case where the illuminating devices 70, 70B, and 70C constitute the liquid crystal display device 50 together with the liquid crystal panel 60 is illustrated above, the liquid crystal panel 60 is only an example of an irradiation object illuminated by the illuminating devices 70, 70B, and 70C. Absent. In other words, the illumination devices 70, 70B, and 70C can be used when illuminating the document by placing it on the document, for example.

It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the liquid crystal display device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the illuminating device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view for demonstrating the illuminating device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a partially expanded plan view for demonstrating the illuminating device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing in the 5-5 line in FIG. It is sectional drawing in the 6-6 line in FIG. It is sectional drawing in the 7-7 line | wire in FIG. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the 2nd illuminating device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the 3rd illuminating device which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  50 liquid crystal display device, 60 liquid crystal panel, 62 pixels, 62y, 76x, 76y, 86y, 88x pitch, 70, 70B, 70C lighting device, 72, 74 translucent substrate, 76 light emitting element portion, 78 anode, 80 light emitting layer , 82 cathode, 84 light shielding layer, 86 first wiring, 88 second wiring, 90 translucent layer, L light emission.

Claims (11)

A substrate,
A plurality of light emitting layers provided on the substrate;
Two electrodes facing each other across the light emitting layer;
A first wiring connected to one of the two electrodes or serving as one electrode;
A translucent layer provided in contact with the substrate and surrounding the light-emitting portion;
A second wiring that is connected to the other of the two electrodes and formed in a region where the translucent layer is provided at a position not facing the light emitting layer;
The lighting device is characterized in that the first wiring and the second wiring have a pattern made of a translucent material and intersecting each other. The lighting device according to claim 1,
An illuminating device comprising an organic electroluminescence element having two electrodes opposed to each other with the light emitting layer interposed therebetween . The lighting device according to claim 2,
The other electrode is a cathode connected to the light emitting layer of the organic electroluminescence element , and the cathode is made of a material different from that of the second wiring, and the second electrode from a position facing the light emitting layer . An illumination device, wherein the lighting device extends toward a region where wiring is provided and is connected to the second wiring. The lighting device according to claim 3,
The said cathode has translucency and the light from the said light emitting layer radiate | emits through the said cathode, The illuminating device characterized by the above-mentioned. The lighting device according to claim 4,
The organic electroluminescence device further includes a light shielding layer on the side opposite to the cathode with respect to the light emitting layer. The lighting device according to claim 3,
The illuminating device, wherein the cathode has a light shielding property, and light from the light emitting layer is emitted through the first wiring. The lighting device according to claim 6,
The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the first wiring also serves as an anode of the organic electroluminescence element. It is an illuminating device as described in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 7, Comprising:
The translucent layer has a refractive index substantially equal to that of the substrate. The lighting device according to claim 8,
A light- transmitting counter substrate facing the substrate through the light emitting layer ;
The lighting device, wherein the counter substrate is in contact with the light-transmitting layer and has a refractive index substantially equal to that of the light-transmitting layer. The lighting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
A reflective or transflective liquid crystal panel provided facing the illumination device;
The provided liquid crystal display device comprising Rukoto have the lighting device is arranged opposite to the front surface of the liquid crystal panel as a front light device. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 10,
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the pattern of the first wiring and the second wiring is substantially equal to a pixel pitch of the liquid crystal panel.

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