JP4829617B2 - Method and apparatus for using waste cooking oil as fuel - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a diesel engine, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for using waste edible oil as fuel for a diesel engine.

From the viewpoint of waste problems and environmental problems such as the reduction of CO ₂ emissions, efforts are being made to recycle waste cooking oil discharged from the food industry and households as diesel fuel. After the waste cooking oil is consumed as diesel fuel, the problem of waste disposal is alleviated, and the CO ₂ generated by combustion is absorbed by the rapeseed again, and the edible oil made from the rapeseed is used for food processing etc. By forming a circulation in which the waste edible oil is used as diesel fuel, CO ₂ corresponding to the amount of fossil fuel such as light oil and heavy oil replaced with the waste edible oil can be reduced.

  When waste edible oil is used as diesel fuel, it is once used by being esterified and reformed into fuel equivalent to light oil. In this case, the esterification treatment is costly, and the cost merit when compared with conventional fuel oil is small.

  As another modification method, Patent Document 1 proposes a high-speed stirring method using a special apparatus. Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for heating waste edible oil and removing solids with a filter to make fuel oil for a diesel engine. Patent Document 3 discloses waste edible oil as a heater and stirrer. It is disclosed that it is circulated and used as a fuel supply for a combustion apparatus. Patent Document 3 also describes mixing waste cooking oil with kerosene and heavy oil.

Japanese Patent Publication No.58-273210 JP-A-4-22211 JP-A 64-000197

  The above conventional esterification technology has the following problems. When waste edible oils containing unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid are used as fuel for diesel power generation facilities, the glycerin produced by oxidation and polymerization of these oils becomes a gum-like substance, which causes clogging of fuel filters It was.

  In addition, the generation of these gum-like substances is accelerated at high temperatures, and in the case of a new engine in which the injection pump is cooled by fuel, the gum-like substances increase as the temperature of the fuel circulation process increases, and filter clogging is accelerated. The

  An object of the present invention is to enable long-term stable operation when waste edible oil that is not subjected to esterification is used as fuel for a diesel engine.

The above problem is that waste edible oil and heavy oil are mixed, and the mixed oil obtained by mixing and heating is heated to a temperature of 50 ° C. to 120 ° C., and the heated mixed oil is passed through a filter to form a polymer. This is achieved by filtering and removing impurities containing these substances and supplying the filtered mixed oil as a fuel to a diesel engine.

When mixing, heating and raising the temperature of waste edible oil, the edible edible oil may be mixed with heavy oil using a cavitation nozzle, and the temperature of the edible edible oil may be raised by cavitation. You may comprise so that mixed oil may be heated and heated using the heat | fever of the exhaust gas of the diesel engine utilized as a fuel.

The heavy oil is preferably A heavy oil.

The above-mentioned problems also include a mixing means for mixing waste edible oil and heavy oil to produce a mixed oil, a temperature raising means for heating and raising the temperature of the mixed oil to 50 ° C. to 120 ° C. , and a heated mixed oil And a filtering means for filtering and removing impurities including a polymeric substance, and a device using waste edible oil as fuel.

The temperature raising unit may include a pressurizing unit that pressurizes the waste edible oil, and a cavitation nozzle that ejects the pressurized waste edible oil into the heavy oil as a cavitation jet. You may comprise as a heat exchanger which heats mixed oil by using the exhaust gas of the engine utilized as a fuel as a heat source.

  FIG. 2 shows the filter filtration rate of the fuel oil when the mixed oil of fuel oil and waste edible oil is heat-treated as compared with the untreated one. The horizontal axis indicates the amount of treatment, and the vertical axis indicates the time required for filtration. What was heat-processed has shown that the filtration rate falls, ie, clogging of filter paper becomes quick. Untreated food oil also contains impurities that are considered to be derived from unsaturated fatty acids in waste edible oil, which generates viscous glycerin and the like by oxidation and polymerization and clogs the filter. However, the heat treatment promotes the oxidation and polymerization of unsaturated fatty acids, increases the polymer-like gum substance, and speeds up the filter clogging.

  FIG. 3 shows a comparison between the filtration rate when the impurities are filtered after heating once, and the reheated oil is filtered, and the filtration rate of the oil heated for the first time. It can be seen that once the impurities are filtered after heating, the filtration rate does not change (does not decrease) even after reheating, and therefore no impurities remain on the filter.

  FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the filtration rate, that is, the amount of impurities when the same amount of waste edible oil is heated before mixing with heavy oil and when heated after mixing. A product that has been heated and filtered after mixing has a long time required for filtration, that is, the filtration rate decreases rapidly. This is because the polymerization reaction was promoted by the catalytic action of a trace amount of heavy metal in heavy oil A by mixing with heavy oil A. To remove impurities in waste cooking oil, heating after mixing is desirable. I understand that.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, in heavy oil A and waste edible oil, the viscosity at 20 ° C. is more than 10 times different from about 90 cSt of waste edible oil with respect to 5 cSt of heavy fuel oil A, compared with waste edible oil alone. After mixing with A heavy oil, the viscosity decreases and handling becomes easier. In addition, when cavitation is used for mixing the waste edible oil, the temperature of the waste edible oil is increased by a cavitation jet during mixing, and oxidation is promoted, and glycerin is decomposed due to the destructive effect of cavitation.

  In a diesel engine, fuel oil is pumped through the engine to cool the fuel spray system and its temperature exceeds 50 ° C. Since the temperature of the fuel oil reaches such a temperature, the generation of polymer impurities is promoted, and the fuel filter in the engine is blocked and clogged.

  Even if the temperature is raised in advance and the filtered product is supplied to the actual machine, the high temperature is not maintained. The fuel oil supplied to the engine is circulated in the engine for cooling the pump. The temperature is usually 50 ° C, but it is about 60 ° C when the preheated and filtered product is supplied. There is no particular problem.

  According to the present invention, when mixed combustion of fuel oil and waste cooking oil is performed in a diesel engine, the filter is less likely to be clogged, and there is an effect that the period during which stable operation is performed is extended.

(First embodiment)
A configuration of a first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a diesel engine power generator will be described with reference to FIG. The diesel engine power generator according to this embodiment includes a fuel oil tank 1, a waste edible oil tank 2, a mixing cell 7 that is a mixing means for mixing waste edible oil and heavy oil, a fuel oil tank 1 and a mixing cell 7. A fuel oil pipe 18 to be connected, a valve 8 and a pump 9 interposed in the fuel oil pipe 18, a waste edible oil pipe 19 connecting the waste edible oil tank 2 and the mixing cell 7, and a valve interposed in the waste edible oil pipe 19 8, a pump 9, a diesel engine 13 connected to the mixing cell 7 with a mixed oil pipe 21, a heating device 12 as heating / heating means interposed in order from the upstream side into the mixed oil pipe 21, and a filter as filtering means The unit 17 and the valve 22, the generator 14 driven by the diesel engine 13, and the exhaust gas treatment device 15 installed in the exhaust gas duct 23 of the diesel engine 13 are configured.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the mixed oil produced by mixing the fuel oil and the waste edible oil in the mixing cell 7 is heated to about 80 ° C. by the heating device 12, and the production of the polymer substance is promoted. . Thereafter, the polymer substance is removed by the filter unit 17 for removing impurities, and the fuel 11 is supplied to the diesel engine 13. The diesel engine 13 generates electric power by burning the supplied fuel, and the engine exhaust gas is processed by an exhaust gas processing device 15 including a filter, and then discharged into the atmosphere as exhaust 16.

  In this embodiment, the mixed oil is heated to about 80 ° C. by the heating device 12, but the inventors have confirmed that the temperature of the mixed oil is increased to at least 50 ° C. in order to promote the formation of a polymer substance. It is desirable that Moreover, it is desirable to set it as 120 degrees C or less in order to prevent vaporization of unsaturated fatty acid.

  According to the present embodiment, fuel oil and waste edible oil are mixed, the temperature is once raised to promote the generation of a polymeric substance, and the solid content such as the generated polymeric substance is filtered out. Since it is supplied to the diesel engine 13 after being filtered at 17, the filter clogging in the engine can be prevented, and stable operation for 2000 hours or more is possible. Since the fuel 11 circulates in the engine and cools the fuel spray system, the temperature of the fuel 11 rises due to cooling. However, since the temperature is raised in advance by the heating device 12 and filtered by the filter unit 17, no new polymer substance is generated even when the temperature of the fuel 11 rises due to cooling, and the filter in the engine There is no clogging. Further, since the temperature is raised after mixing the fuel oil and the waste edible oil, there is an effect that the polymerization of impurities derived from the unsaturated fatty acid is promoted by the catalytic action of the trace heavy metal contained in the fuel oil (heavy oil).

(Second Embodiment)
The configuration of the second embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The diesel engine power generator of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the waste edible oil pipe 19 has a compression pump 3 and a pressure instead of the valve 8 and the pump 9. The adjustment valve 4 is interposed, the mixing cell 7 includes a cavitation nozzle 5 for mixing waste cooking oil and heavy oil, and the heating device 12 is not interposed in the mixed oil pipe 21. The waste edible oil pipe 19 is connected to the mixing cell 7 via the cavitation nozzle 5. The cavitation nozzle 5 is provided with a pressure gauge 6. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the mixing means is composed of a mixing cell 7 and a cavitation nozzle 5, and the heating / temperature raising means is composed of a compression pump 3, a pressure regulating valve 4 and a cavitation nozzle 5 that are pressurizing means. Yes. The cavitation nozzle 5 serves as a pressurizing / heating unit and a mixing unit.

  Waste cooking oil in the waste cooking oil tank 2 is pressurized by the compression pump 3 and introduced into the cavitation nozzle 5 through the pressure regulating valve 4. Waste edible oil introduced into the cavitation nozzle 5 is injected at a high pressure into the mixing cell 7 to which fuel oil is supplied, thereby generating a cavitation jet 10. Waste edible oil is heated by cavitation and mixed with fuel oil to promote the production of a polymeric substance. The mixed oil containing impurities such as a polymer substance is filtered by the filter unit 17 and then supplied to the diesel engine 13 as the fuel 11. Since the fuel 11 circulates in the engine and cools the fuel spray system, the temperature of the fuel 11 rises due to cooling. However, since it has been filtered by the filter unit 17 in advance, even if the temperature of the fuel 11 rises due to cooling, no new polymer substance is generated, and the filter is not clogged in the engine. The diesel engine 13 generates electric power by burning the supplied fuel, and the engine exhaust gas is processed by an exhaust gas processing device 15 including a filter, and then discharged into the atmosphere as exhaust 16. As a result, filter clogging in the engine can be prevented, and stable operation for 2000 hours or more has become possible.

(Third embodiment)
The configuration of the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The diesel engine power generation device of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that a heat recovery heat exchanger 24 is interposed in the exhaust gas duct 23 on the upstream side of the exhaust gas treatment device 15. The heat exchanger 20 is interposed in the mixed oil pipe 21 instead of the heating device 12. The heat exchanger 20 is connected to the heat recovery heat exchanger 24 through a heat medium flow path, and the heat medium heated by heat recovery from the heat recovery heat exchanger 24 flows through the heating fluid side flow path, and is heated. The mixed oil produced and mixed in the mixing cell 7 flows through the fluid flow path. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the mixed oil mixed and generated in the mixing cell 7 is heated by the heat exchanger 20 using the exhaust gas as a heat source, and the generation of a polymer substance is promoted. In the illustrated embodiment, the heat recovery position is on the upstream side of the exhaust gas treatment device 15, but since the temperature rise of the mixed oil is about 80 ° C., there is no problem even if heat recovery is performed on the downstream side of the exhaust gas treatment device. The mixed oil in which the generation of the polymer substance is promoted is guided to the filter unit 17 that removes impurities, and solids such as the polymer substance are removed and supplied to the diesel engine 13 as the fuel 11. The diesel engine 13 burns the supplied fuel to generate electricity, and the engine exhaust gas is recovered by the heat recovery heat exchanger 24 and then processed by the exhaust gas treatment device 15 including a filter to be discharged into the atmosphere as exhaust 16. Is done. As a result, filter clogging in the engine can be prevented, and stable operation for 2000 hours or more has become possible.

  The filter unit 17 in each of the above embodiments has a plurality of flow paths each provided with a filter so that each flow path can be isolated from the system. Therefore, the supply of the mixed oil to the engine is not interrupted by sequentially disconnecting each flow path from the system and replacing the filter every predetermined time.

(Comparative example)
A comparative example is shown in FIG. The diesel engine power generation device of the comparative example shown in FIG. 8 is different from the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 in that the filter unit 17 is not provided. Since other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.

  In this case, the waste edible oil in the waste edible oil tank 2 is pressurized by the compression pump 3 and introduced into the cavitation nozzle 5 via the pressure adjustment valve 4. Waste edible oil introduced into the cavitation nozzle 5 is injected at a high pressure into the mixing cell 7 to which fuel oil is supplied, thereby generating a cavitation jet 10. The waste edible oil heated by cavitation is mixed with fuel oil to produce polymer impurities, but since the filter unit 17 is not provided, the produced mixed oil contains polymer impurities. The fuel 11 is supplied to the diesel engine 13 as it is. Fuel oil is circulated in the engine for pump cooling, and its temperature exceeds 50 ° C. As a result, the generation of polymer impurities contained in the fuel 11 was promoted, the filter in the engine was blocked, and clogging occurred in about 50 hours.

It is a distribution diagram showing the composition of the diesel power generator of a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which compares and shows the filtration rate of the mixed oil which heat-processed, and the mixed oil which has not heat-processed. It is a graph which compares and shows the time required for filtration when the mixed oil is filtered after heating and when it is further filtered after reheating. It is a graph which compares and shows the time required for filtration when heating before mixing A heavy oil and waste edible oil, and when heating after mixing. It is a graph which shows the relationship between temperature and a viscosity about each of three types of oil of A heavy oil, waste edible oil, and mixed oil which mixed A heavy oil and waste edible oil. It is a systematic diagram which shows the structure of the diesel electric power generating apparatus of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a systematic diagram which shows the structure of the diesel electric power generating apparatus of the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a systematic diagram which shows the structure of the diesel generator of a comparative example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fuel oil tank 2 Waste cooking oil tank 3 Compression pump 4 Pressure control valve 5 Cavitation nozzle 6 Pressure gauge 7 Mixing cell 8 Valve 9 Pump 10 Cavitation jet 11 Fuel 12 Heating device 13 Diesel engine 14 Generator 15 Exhaust gas treatment device 16 Exhaust 17 Filter unit 18 Fuel oil pipe 19 Waste cooking oil pipe 20 Heat exchanger 21 Mixed oil pipe 22 Valve 23 Exhaust gas duct 24 Heat recovery heat exchanger

Claims (8)

Mixing procedure for mixing waste cooking oil and heavy oil, heating / heating procedure for heating / heating the mixed oil obtained by mixing to 50 ° C to 120 ° C , and filtering the heated mixed oil with a filter A method of using waste edible oil as a fuel, comprising: a filtration procedure for removing impurities including a polymeric substance; and a supply procedure for supplying the filtered mixed oil to a diesel engine as a fuel. The method of using waste edible oil according to claim 1 as a fuel, wherein the waste edible oil mixing procedure and heating / heating step are performed by pressurizing the waste edible oil and pressurizing it using a cavitation nozzle. A method of using waste edible oil as fuel, characterized in that waste oil is mixed with heavy oil and the temperature of waste edible oil is raised by cavitation.   2. The method of using waste edible oil as fuel according to claim 1, wherein the heating / heating step uses the heat of exhaust gas from a diesel engine that uses the mixed oil as a fuel to heat / heat the mixed oil. A method of using waste edible oil as fuel characterized by being configured as described above. 4. The method of using waste edible oil as fuel, wherein the heavy oil is A heavy oil , wherein the waste edible oil according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used as fuel. Mixing means for mixing waste cooking oil and heavy oil to produce mixed oil, heating means for heating / heating the mixed oil to 50 ° C. to 120 ° C. , and polymer substance from the heated mixed oil And a means for filtering / removing impurities that contain waste edible oil as fuel. 6. The apparatus for using waste edible oil as fuel according to claim 5 , wherein the temperature raising means includes a pressurizing means for pressurizing the waste edible oil, and a cavitation jetting the pressurized waste edible oil into the heavy oil as a cavitation jet. A device using waste edible oil as fuel, characterized in that it comprises a nozzle. 6. The apparatus for using waste edible oil as fuel according to claim 5 , wherein the temperature raising means is a heat exchanger that heats the mixed oil by using an exhaust gas of an engine that uses the mixed oil as a fuel as a heat source. Equipment that uses waste cooking oil as fuel. The apparatus which uses the waste edible oil as a fuel in the apparatus which uses the waste edible oil of any one of Claims 5-7 as a fuel, The said heavy oil is A heavy oil.

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