JP4818637B2 - Low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation inhibitor - Google Patents

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation inhibitor Download PDF

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JP4818637B2
JP4818637B2 JP2005134409A JP2005134409A JP4818637B2 JP 4818637 B2 JP4818637 B2 JP 4818637B2 JP 2005134409 A JP2005134409 A JP 2005134409A JP 2005134409 A JP2005134409 A JP 2005134409A JP 4818637 B2 JP4818637 B2 JP 4818637B2
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明子 渡邊
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Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、α−リポ酸またはその誘導体およびビタミンE、そしてさらにブドウ種子エキスを含有することを特徴とする低密度リポタンパク質(LDL)酸化抑制剤およびこれらを含有した食品または医薬品に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation inhibitor characterized by containing α-lipoic acid or a derivative thereof, vitamin E, and grape seed extract, and a food or pharmaceutical containing these. .

近年、アテローマ性動脈硬化症の発症に関しては、生体内で過剰に生成した活性酸素により酸化されたLDLが急速にマクロファージに取り込まれることにより、細胞内に大量のコレステロールエステルを蓄積して泡沫化することが主な原因であると考えられている。   In recent years, regarding the onset of atherosclerosis, LDL oxidized by active oxygen generated excessively in the living body is rapidly taken up by macrophages, so that a large amount of cholesterol ester accumulates in cells and foams. This is considered to be the main cause.

LDLは中心部にコレステロールエステル、トリグリセリドを含む核を形成し、外側にはコレステロールとリン脂質が1重膜を形成し、その膜間をアポリポタンパク質B100が存在している。LDLは他のリポタンパク質と比較してコレステロールエステルを多く含有しており、またLDLのコレステロールエステルやリン脂質の脂肪酸部分にはリノール酸、アラキドン酸等の高度不飽和脂肪酸を多く含有しているため、容易に酸化を受ける。   LDL forms a nucleus containing cholesterol ester and triglyceride at the center, cholesterol and phospholipid form a single membrane on the outside, and apolipoprotein B100 exists between the membranes. LDL contains more cholesterol esters than other lipoproteins, and the fatty acid portion of LDL cholesterol esters and phospholipids contains a lot of highly unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. , Easily undergo oxidation.

酸化を受けた不飽和脂肪酸は脂質過酸化反応により分解し、LDLのタンパク質部分であるアポリポタンパク質B100に修飾付加反応をきたすことでLDL陰性電荷が増加し、LDL粒子全体の酸化変性につながる。生体内ではこのようなLDLの酸化を防ぐ為、LDL中にビタミンEやカロテノイドといった生体内抗酸化剤を微量に含んでいる(非特許文献1参照)。   Oxidized unsaturated fatty acids are decomposed by a lipid peroxidation reaction, and a modification addition reaction is caused to apolipoprotein B100, which is a protein portion of LDL, whereby an LDL negative charge increases, leading to oxidative denaturation of the entire LDL particle. In order to prevent such oxidation of LDL in vivo, LDL contains a small amount of in vivo antioxidants such as vitamin E and carotenoid (see Non-Patent Document 1).

その一方で、健常者の血液中においても酸化LDLは検出されており、血液中の酸化LDL量と疾病との関係が示唆されている(非特許文献2参照)。このため加齢や生活習慣の悪化によりLDLの酸化変性が起こり、その結果動脈硬化症をはじめとする重篤な疾病へとつながっていくことが推定される。   On the other hand, oxidized LDL has also been detected in the blood of healthy individuals, suggesting a relationship between the amount of oxidized LDL in blood and disease (see Non-Patent Document 2). For this reason, it is estimated that oxidative degeneration of LDL occurs due to aging and deterioration of lifestyle habits, and as a result, it leads to serious diseases such as arteriosclerosis.

従って、動脈硬化症をはじめとする生活習慣病を予防するにはLDLの酸化を予防することが有効である。   Therefore, prevention of LDL oxidation is effective for preventing lifestyle-related diseases such as arteriosclerosis.

従来の技術として、アスタキサンチン(特許文献1参照)、リコピンとビタミンE(特許文献2参照)、2”−O−グルコシルイソビテキシン(特許文献3参照)等によるLDL酸化抑制効果が挙げられる。   As conventional techniques, there are LDL oxidation inhibitory effects such as astaxanthin (see Patent Document 1), lycopene and vitamin E (see Patent Document 2), 2 ″ -O-glucosylisovitexin (see Patent Document 3), and the like.

α−リポ酸はチオクト酸ともいわれ、植物および動物中に広く分布しておりエネルギー代謝に関連する酵素の補酵素として作用する。また解毒作用も高いことが知られている。α−リポ酸は生体内で速やかにジヒドロリポ酸へと還元されて抗酸化剤としても働く。   α-Lipoic acid, also called thioctic acid, is widely distributed in plants and animals and acts as a coenzyme for enzymes related to energy metabolism. It is also known to have a high detoxification effect. α-Lipoic acid is rapidly reduced to dihydrolipoic acid in vivo and acts as an antioxidant.

従来の技術として、ビタミンEによるLDL酸化抑制について報告がなされている(非特許文献3参照)。また、ジヒドロリポ酸によるLDL酸化抑制について報告がなされている(非特許文献4参照)。更に、ブドウ種子エキスの主成分であるプロアントシアニジンによる、高コレステロール食ウサギの動脈硬化予防効果について報告がなされている(非特許文献5参照)。しかしそれらの効果は十分ではなく、また、これらを組み合わせて効果が相乗的に高まることは報告されていない。   As a conventional technique, reports have been made on LDL oxidation suppression by vitamin E (see Non-Patent Document 3). Moreover, the report about LDL oxidation suppression by dihydrolipoic acid has been made (see Non-Patent Document 4). Furthermore, the effect of proanthocyanidins, the main ingredient of grape seed extract, on the prevention of arteriosclerosis in high-cholesterol diet rabbits has been reported (see Non-Patent Document 5). However, their effects are not sufficient, and it has not been reported that the effects are synergistically increased by combining them.

特開平10−155459JP-A-10-155559 特表2002−504928Special table 2002-504928 特開平9−67255JP-A-9-67255 H.Esterbauer and P.Ramos,Rev.Physiol.Biochem.Pharmacol.,1995,127,31−64H. Esterbauer and P.M. Ramos, Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1995, 127, 31-64. Toshima A.et al,ArteriosclerThromb Vasc Biol.,2000,20,2243−2247Toshima A. et al, ArteriosclerThromb Vasc Biol. 2000, 20, 2243-2247 Koutush,A et al,J.Biol.Chem.,1996,271,11106−11112Koutush, A et al, J. et al. Biol. Chem. , 1996, 271, 11106-11112. John K.Lodge,Free.Radic.Biol.Med.,25,287−297,1998John K. Lodge, Free. Radic. Biol. Med. , 25, 287-297, 1998 YamakoshiY.et.al,Atherosclerosis,1999,142,1,139−149Yamakoshi Y. et. al, Atherosclerosis, 1999, 142, 1, 139-149.

動脈硬化を予防するという目的で、十分な効果を得るには日常的かつ継続的に摂取する必要がある。そこで本発明の目的は、LDLの酸化を効果的に防止し、かつ、長期間服用しても安全な食品を提供することにある。   For the purpose of preventing arteriosclerosis, it is necessary to ingest daily and continuously to obtain a sufficient effect. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a food that effectively prevents the oxidation of LDL and is safe even if taken for a long time.

本発明者は、上記課題について鋭意研究した結果、抗酸化作用を持つα−リポ酸に着目し、ビタミンEと組み合わせることで、LDLの酸化が相乗的に抑制されることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。   As a result of diligent research on the above problems, the present inventor has found that the oxidation of LDL is synergistically suppressed by combining with vitamin E, focusing on α-lipoic acid having an antioxidative action. It came to be completed.

本発明に係るビタミンEは、全ての細胞の維持に必須であり、主な機能としては細胞膜等の脂質の酸化を抑制する。ビタミンEとしては、α−トコフェロール、β−トコフェロール、γ−トコフェロール、またはδ−トコフェロール、これらの酢酸エステル、ニコチン酸エステル等が挙げられる。本発明で用いるビタミンEは、医薬品および食品などの原料として市販されているものを利用できる。   Vitamin E according to the present invention is essential for the maintenance of all cells, and its main function is to suppress the oxidation of lipids such as cell membranes. Examples of vitamin E include α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, or δ-tocopherol, their acetates and nicotinates. As the vitamin E used in the present invention, those commercially available as raw materials for pharmaceuticals and foods can be used.

本発明に係るα−リポ酸の塩としては、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩などのアルカリ金属塩等が挙げられる。また、本発明において用いるリポ酸の誘導体としては、アルキル又はアルケニルエステル類、アミド類、および還元体のジヒドロリポ酸、そのアルキル又はアルケニルエステル類、アミド類を含む。   Examples of the salt of α-lipoic acid according to the present invention include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt. The lipoic acid derivatives used in the present invention include alkyl or alkenyl esters, amides, and reduced dihydrolipoic acid, alkyl or alkenyl esters thereof, and amides.

本発明に係るブドウ種子エキスは、ブドウの種子から抽出されたプロアントシアニジンを主成分とするものである。本発明で用いるブドウ種子エキスは、食品原料として市販されているものを利用できる。   The grape seed extract according to the present invention is mainly composed of proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds. What is marketed as a foodstuff raw material can be utilized for the grape seed extract used by this invention.

本発明に係るビタミンE、α−リポ酸およびブドウ種子エキスの摂取量は、形態、症状、年齢、体重などによって異なるが、ビタミンEは1〜1000mg/日、好ましくは5〜500mg/日である。α−リポ酸は1〜1000mg/日、好ましくは5〜300mg/日、ブドウ種子エキスは1〜1000mg/日、好ましくは5〜200mg/日である。   The intake of vitamin E, α-lipoic acid and grape seed extract according to the present invention varies depending on the form, symptoms, age, body weight, etc., but vitamin E is 1-1000 mg / day, preferably 5-500 mg / day. . α-lipoic acid is 1-1000 mg / day, preferably 5-300 mg / day, and grape seed extract is 1-1000 mg / day, preferably 5-200 mg / day.

本発明に係るLDL酸化抑制剤の形態は特に問わない。例えば、カプセル剤、錠剤、顆粒剤、粉末剤、飲料、ガム、チョコレート、飴、麺、パン、ケーキ、ビスケット、缶詰、レトルト食品、畜肉食品、水産練食品、マーガリン、バター、マヨネーズなどの通常の医薬品、食品の形態を採用することができる。中でも、摂取量を調節しやすいカプセル剤、錠剤、顆粒剤、飲料などが好ましい。   The form of the LDL oxidation inhibitor according to the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, capsules, tablets, granules, powders, beverages, gums, chocolates, strawberries, noodles, breads, cakes, biscuits, canned foods, retort foods, livestock meat products, marine products, margarine, butter, mayonnaise, etc. Pharmaceutical and food forms can be employed. Of these, capsules, tablets, granules, beverages and the like that allow easy adjustment of the intake are preferred.

本発明に係るLDL酸化抑制剤には、発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、生薬、ビタミン、ミネラル、アミノ酸などの他に、乳糖、デンプン、セルロース、マルチトール、デキストリンなどの賦形剤、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステルなどの界面活性剤、ゼラチン、プルラン、シェラック、ツェインなどの被膜剤、小麦胚芽油、米胚芽油、サフラワー油などの油脂類、ミツロウ、米糠ロウ、カルナウバロウなどのワックス類、ショ糖、ブドウ糖、果糖、ステビア、サッカリン、スクラロースなどの甘味料、並びにクエン酸、リンゴ酸、グルコン酸などの酸味料などを適宜配合することができる。生薬としては、高麗人参、アメリカ人参、田七人参、霊芝、プロポリス、アガリクス、ブルーベリー、イチョウ葉及びその抽出物などが挙げられる。ビタミンとしては、ビタミンD、Kなどの油溶性ビタミン、ビタミンB1、B2、B6、B12、C、ナイアシン、パントテン酸、葉酸、ビオチンなどの水溶性ビタミンが挙げられる。   The LDL oxidation inhibitor according to the present invention includes, in addition to herbal medicines, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, etc., excipients such as lactose, starch, cellulose, maltitol, dextrin, glycerin fatty acids, etc. Surfactants such as esters and sucrose fatty acid esters, coating agents such as gelatin, pullulan, shellac and zein, fats and oils such as wheat germ oil, rice germ oil and safflower oil, waxes such as beeswax, rice bran wax and carnauba wax Sweeteners such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, stevia, saccharin and sucralose, and acidulants such as citric acid, malic acid and gluconic acid can be appropriately blended. Herbal medicines include ginseng, American ginseng, ginseng, ganoderma, propolis, agaricus, blueberries, ginkgo leaves and extracts thereof. Examples of vitamins include oil-soluble vitamins such as vitamins D and K, and water-soluble vitamins such as vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, C, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and biotin.

ビタミンEと、α−リポ酸そしてさらにブドウ種子エキスを組み合わせると、優れたLDL酸化抑制効果を示した。   When vitamin E, α-lipoic acid and grape seed extract were combined, an excellent LDL oxidation inhibitory effect was shown.

次に、本発明を実施するための最良の形態として実施例を挙げるが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお、実施例に示す(%)は重量(%)を示す。   Next, examples are given as the best mode for carrying out the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these. In the examples, (%) indicates weight (%).

カプセル剤
<処方> 配合量(%)
1.ビタミンE 4.0
(d−α−トコフェロール40%、総トコフェロール80%)
2.α−リポ酸 4.0
3.ブドウ種子エキス 1.0
4.コーンスターチ 88.0
5.ショ糖脂肪酸エステル 3.0
<製法>
成分1〜5を混合し、2号硬カプセルに260mg充填してカプセル剤を得る。当該カプセル剤は、1日3カプセル摂取することで、ビタミンEを総トコフェロールとして25mg/日、α−リポ酸を31mg/日、ブドウ種子エキスを7.8mg/日摂取できる。
Capsule <Prescription> Content (%)
1. Vitamin E 4.0
(D-α-tocopherol 40%, total tocopherol 80%)
2. α-Lipoic acid 4.0
3. Grape Seed Extract 1.0
4). Cornstarch 88.0
5). Sucrose fatty acid ester 3.0
<Production method>
Ingredients 1 to 5 are mixed, and 260 mg is filled into a No. 2 hard capsule to obtain a capsule. By taking 3 capsules per day, the capsule can be consumed with 25 mg / day of vitamin E as total tocopherol, 31 mg / day of α-lipoic acid, and 7.8 mg / day of grape seed extract.

錠剤
<処方> 配合量(%)
1.ビタミンE粉末製剤(d−α−トコフェロール25%) 8.0
2.α−リポ酸 6.0
3.ブドウ種子エキス 2.0
4.乳糖 57.0
5.還元麦芽糖水飴 24.0
6.ショ糖脂肪酸エステル 3.0
<製法>
成分1〜5に70%エタノールを適量加えて練和し、押出し造粒した後に乾燥して顆粒を得る。成分6を加えて打錠成形し、300mgの錠剤を得る。当該錠剤を1日3錠摂取することで、ビタミンEをd−α−トコフェロールとして18mg/日、α−リポ酸を54mg/日、ブドウ種子エキスを18mg/日摂取できる。
Tablet <Prescription> Compounding amount (%)
1. Vitamin E powder formulation (d-α-tocopherol 25%) 8.0
2. α-Lipoic acid 6.0
3. Grape Seed Extract 2.0
4). Lactose 57.0
5). Reduced maltose starch syrup 24.0
6). Sucrose fatty acid ester 3.0
<Production method>
An appropriate amount of 70% ethanol is added to ingredients 1 to 5, kneaded, extruded and granulated, and dried to obtain granules. Ingredient 6 is added and tableted to give 300 mg tablets. By taking 3 tablets per day, vitamin E can be ingested as d-α-tocopherol at 18 mg / day, α-lipoic acid at 54 mg / day, and grape seed extract at 18 mg / day.

顆粒剤
<処方> 配合量(%)
1.ビタミンE粉末製剤(d−α−トコフェロール25%) 9.0
2.α−リポ酸 3.0
3.ブドウ種子エキス 3.0
4.乳糖 70.0
5.セルロース 15.0
<製法>
成分1〜5に70%エタノールを適量加えて練和して押出し造粒し、乾燥して顆粒剤を得る。当該顆粒剤は、1回1gずつ1日2回摂取することで、ビタミンEをd−α−トコフェロールとして45mg/日、α−リポ酸を60mg/日、ブドウ種子エキスを60mg/日摂取できる。
Granules <Prescription> Compounding amount (%)
1. Vitamin E powder formulation (d-α-tocopherol 25%) 9.0
2. α-Lipoic acid 3.0
3. Grape Seed Extract 3.0
4). Lactose 70.0
5). Cellulose 15.0
<Production method>
An appropriate amount of 70% ethanol is added to components 1 to 5, kneaded, extruded and granulated, and dried to obtain granules. The granule can be ingested 1 g at a time twice a day so that vitamin E can be ingested as d-α-tocopherol at 45 mg / day, α-lipoic acid at 60 mg / day, and grape seed extract at 60 mg / day.

飲料
<処方> 配合量(g)
1.ビタミンE乳化製剤(d−α−トコフェロール4%) 6.0
2.α−リポ酸乳化製剤(0.5%) 30.0
3.ブドウ種子エキス 3.0
4.ショ糖 60.0
5.クエン酸 7.0
6.香料 適量
7.精製水で全量を1000とする。
<製法>
成分7に成分1〜6を加え、撹拌溶解して濾過し、加熱殺菌して1000mLとし、これを50mLガラス瓶に充填する。当該飲料は、1日1本摂取することでビタミンEをd−α−トコフェロールとして12mg/日、α−リポ酸を7.5mg/日、ブドウ種子エキスを150mg/日摂取できる。
Beverage <Prescription> Blending amount (g)
1. Vitamin E emulsion preparation (d-α-tocopherol 4%) 6.0
2. α-Lipoic acid emulsified preparation (0.5%) 30.0
3. Grape Seed Extract 3.0
4). Sucrose 60.0
5). Citric acid 7.0
6). Perfume appropriate amount 7. Bring the total volume to 1000 with purified water
<Production method>
Add components 1-6 to component 7, stir and dissolve, filter, heat sterilize to 1000 mL, and fill this into a 50 mL glass bottle. The beverage can be ingested once a day for 12 mg / day of vitamin E as d-α-tocopherol, 7.5 mg / day of α-lipoic acid, and 150 mg / day of grape seed extract.

試験例:LDLの酸化抑制効果
硫酸銅により誘導されるヒトLDLの酸化に対するビタミンE、α−リポ酸、ブドウ種子エキスの阻害効果について以下のように測定した。ビタミンEはdl−α−トコフェロールを用いた。α−リポ酸は生体内で速やかにジヒドロリポ酸へと還元されて効果を発揮することから、ここではジヒドロリポ酸を用いてLDL酸化抑制効果を検証した。LDL250mg、CuSO10μMを含むリン酸緩衝液(pH.7.4)中にビタミンE、ジヒドロリポ酸、ブドウ種子エキスを添加し、37℃で4時間インキュベートした。試料を添加するかわりにリン酸緩衝液を等量添加したものをコントロールとした。BHTを最終濃度1mM、EDTAを100μMになるように加えて反応を停止し、TBA法によりLDLの酸化度を測定した。マロンジアルデヒドを標準として、酸化LDL中に生成する脂質過酸化物とTBAが反応して形成される赤色物質の量をO.D.534nmの測定により定量した。
Test Example: LDL Oxidation Inhibitory Effect The inhibitory effect of vitamin E, α-lipoic acid and grape seed extract on the oxidation of human LDL induced by copper sulfate was measured as follows. As vitamin E, dl-α-tocopherol was used. Since α-lipoic acid is rapidly reduced to dihydrolipoic acid in vivo and exerts its effect, here, the effect of inhibiting LDL oxidation was verified using dihydrolipoic acid. Vitamin E, dihydrolipoic acid, and grape seed extract were added to a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing LDL 250 mg and CuSO 4 10 μM, and incubated at 37 ° C. for 4 hours. Instead of adding a sample, an equivalent amount of phosphate buffer was added as a control. The reaction was stopped by adding BHT to a final concentration of 1 mM and EDTA to 100 μM, and the degree of oxidation of LDL was measured by the TBA method. Using malondialdehyde as a standard, the amount of red substance formed by the reaction of TBA with lipid peroxide produced in oxidized LDL is determined by O.D. D. Quantified by measurement at 534 nm.

表1に示すように、ビタミンE、ジヒドロリポ酸、およびブドウ種子エキスの単独添加においてもある程度のLDL酸化抑制効果が認められた。ビタミンEとジヒドロリポ酸を添加すると、ビタミンEあるいはジヒドロリポ酸単独よりもLDL酸化抑制効果が増大し相乗効果が認められた。さらに、ビタミンE、ジヒドロリポ酸およびブドウ種子エキスと併せて添加すると、LDLの酸化は著しく抑制され、優れた相乗作用を発揮することが確認された。   As shown in Table 1, even when vitamin E, dihydrolipoic acid, and grape seed extract were added alone, a certain degree of LDL oxidation inhibitory effect was observed. When vitamin E and dihydrolipoic acid were added, the LDL oxidation inhibitory effect was increased and a synergistic effect was observed compared to vitamin E or dihydrolipoic acid alone. Furthermore, when added together with vitamin E, dihydrolipoic acid and grape seed extract, it was confirmed that the oxidation of LDL was remarkably suppressed and an excellent synergistic effect was exhibited.

Figure 0004818637
Figure 0004818637

本発明のLDL酸化抑制剤は、LDL酸化障害にともなって引き起こされる動脈硬化およびその他の疾患の予防及び治療に適用できる。
The LDL oxidation inhibitor of the present invention can be applied to the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis and other diseases caused by LDL oxidation disorders.

Claims (1)

α−リポ酸、ビタミンE及びブドウ種子エキスを含有することを特徴とする低密度リポタンパク質(LDL)酸化抑制剤。
A low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation inhibitor comprising α-lipoic acid, vitamin E, and grape seed extract .
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